Ngun gc Vit (Nam) ca tn 12 con gip - Thn Thn Long Rng Rn (phn 8A)

Nguyn Cung Thng nguyencungthong@yahoo.com

Phn ny ghi nhn cc d kin ngn ng t th tch Hn c cho thy kh nng m Thn/Thn lin h n phng Nam v ch l k m dng ch Hn. Da vo m c Hn Vit/HV v phin thit, ta c th phc nguyn mt dng m c ca Thn/Thn l *tran/tlan v cc tng quan n trn, rn, ln, long, trnh (chnh) v thn ln (n m ha ca tlan), thung lung, xung lung ... Thnh ra, nu gi chi th 5 trong 12 con gip l *tran/tlan (c nh trn ting Vit) theo m c hn so vi Thn/Thn (m Hn Vit khong thi ng Tng) th vn ngun gc phng Nam (ting Vit c) s d dng nhn ra. Cc cch nhn t gc vn ha hc nh truyn thuyt, ca dao tc ng v kho c hc bn qua trong bi "Ngun gc Vit (Nam) ca tn 12 con gip - Thn Thn Long Rng Rn (phn 8)" (gi tt l bi 8). Ging Bc Kinh/BK c ghi bng h thng bnh m (pnyn) rt ph thng hin nay, cn phn bit s ch thanh iu (nh s 3 trong zhen3 hay zhn) v s ph ch ghi ngay sau mt ch (nh sau3). Du hoa th (asterisk) ng trc mt m l mt dng phc nguyn ca m c (reconstructed sound): nh *tran/tlan/klan chng hn. Cc ch vit tt thng gp trong bi l TQ (Trung Quc), HV (Hn Vit), TV (Tp Vn, nm 1037/1067 SCN), TVi (T V/1615), TVGT (Thuyt Vn Gii T, khong nm 100 SCN), QV (Qung Vn/1008), V (ng Vn/751), LT (Loi Thin/1039/1066), NT (Ngc Thin/543), VH (Vn Hi/1297), CV (Chnh Vn, hay Hng V Chnh Vn/1375), CTT (Chnh T Thng/1670), LKTG (Long Kham Th Gim/997), TCN (Trc Cng Nguyn/BC), SCN (Sau Cng Nguyn/AD).

1. Thn/Thn l k m ca thung lung

T thi xa xa, dn Vit phi xm mnh trnh loi giao long hung d - nh theo a L Ch (Ban C thi ng Hn son vo nm 54 hay 92 SCN): "t Vit vo vng ng vi sap Khin ng, V n. Cc qun Thng Ng, Ut Lm, Hp Ph, Giao Ch, Cu Chn, Nam Hi, Nht Nam u thuc t Vit. Vua ca h l dng di ca vua V, con th ca vua Thiu Khang vy, c phong p Ci K, v mnh ct tc trnh ci hi ca giao long. ng Thiu (hc gi thi ng Hn) ni: "Thng ti gi nc, cho nn ct tc, v mnh ging hnh con rng, cho nn khng b gy hi" - phng dch theo bc L Nh Chn trang http://www.viethoc.org/phorum/read.php?10,6814,page=14 Cho ti ngy nay, dn chng vn tin vo chuyn thung lung hi ngi - nh cu chuyn k li t x Mng Khoa, huyn Tn Uyn, Lai Chu (15/9/2011) trch t bo Dn Vit trang http://danviet.vn/57740p1c24/ben-thuong-luong-o-phieng-hao.htm

Mt chuyn ph vo Phing Ho (dn chng qua ph s b thung lung n)

Cu chuyn trn cho thy khi nim v loi thy qui ny bm r trong tim thc dn chng t lu lm, cng nh tng ghi nhn trong bi 8 (tc gi Nguyn Cung Thng/Thch Sanh, 10/2008). Nh vy c d kin no kt ni m Thn/Thn vi loi thy qui khng? Nu c th l mt (trong nhiu) chng minh dn n ngun gc phng Nam ca chi th 5 (Thn/Thn - rng). Xem li cc cch c c hn ca Thn/Thn hay Thn1 trong cc ch Hn c dng ch Thn/Thn , ta thy m thn/thn khi ch ng vt th c nhiu ngha ln ln v m h: nh khi l loi s hn, khi l loi thy qui huyn b, khi l loi nai ... iu ny d hiu v khi m thn (chi th 5, ch loi rng rn trn) nhp vo ting Hn th mang nhiu ngha khc nhau, tuy nhin mt ngha rt ng ch l loi thy qui m Bn Tho, Chnh T Thng, Khang Hy t in u ghi l giao thuc (thuc v loi giao hay thung lung). y l mt nh ngha ca ch thn m hc gi o Duy Anh cng ghi nhn l loi giao long (Hn Vit T in, 1931) m cc t in HV khc khng thy ni n nh ca Thiu Chu, Nguyn Vn Khn ... R rng hn na l khi cc th tch c i TQ dng Thn/Thn ch loi s hn, khng dnh lu g n loi thung lung (giao):

, Thn, hu thn d < Thuyt Vn Gii T/TVGT >

, . 2

Thn gi, ngn vn vt chi thn d <S K - Lut Th>

Cc t in ph thng TQ u khng nh ch Thn/Thn c ngun gc l ch thn - xem cc trang http://tool.httpcn.com/Html/Zi/37/KOTBMEXVILXVFBAZ.shtml hay http://www.zdic.net/zd/zi/ZdicE8ZdicBEZdicB0.htm ...v.v... Cc vt khc/v c i ca ch Thn/Thn khng cho thy lin h g n rng, trn/rn, thung lung Thi gian xut hin mun mng ca ch thn (b trng) trong trin vn so vi ch Thn/Thn t thi gip ct vn li cng chng t kh nng thm bt v Hn ha sau khi m Thn/Thn nhp vo ting Hn c.

Gip ct vn

Kim vn

Tiu trin

Khi th

Mt th d na v mu thun trong cch hiu con c ( cu HV, mt loi rng) trong cc th tch c TQ - nh hiu theo Thuyt Vn Gii T l

long t hu gic gi (rng con c sng)

Nhng theo cc ti liu thi sau nh Ngc Thin, Long Kham Th Gim, Qung Vn ... u ghi l v gic long (rng khng sng) v.v Xem thm chi tit v con c mc 3.2 phn di.

Tm li, ta c c s kt lun l ch Thn/Thn l tn gi loi s hn c i TQ, nhng chnh l loi thung lung phng Nam (giao long) m ngi Hn thn thnh ha thnh con rng2 huyn thoi; xem thm d kin trong mc 2.16 bn di . Phn sau s i vo chi tit v cc dng m c phc nguyn ca Thn/Thn v cho ta thy li ln na ngun gc phng Nam (ting Vit c, proto-Viet-Muong/tin Vit Mng) ca m ny.

2. Cc dng m c ca Thn/Thn
Xem qua cc ch Hn to ra t thnh phn hi thanh hay b thn/thn nh sau3 3

2.1 Chn (Unicode 3C80) l ch rt him, ngha l nh, tn cng, phn khi ... Cc cch phin thit
qua m HV phn nh r nt cc bin m tr-ch-th-s

trc ln thit (QV) chi nhn thit, m chn (TV) s trn thit (TV) s trn thit, m trn (TV) thc ln thit (QV) tha ln thit, m thn - ngha ng (nh thn/thn ), cn dng nh

2.2 Ch trn/chn/chn (Unicode 47F4) l ch him, ngha l ng (TVGT) c cc cch c

trc ln thit (TVGT) chng nhn thit (V) chi nhn thit (TV, VH, CV) m chn chi nhn thit (NT, TV, VH, CV) m chn chi nhn thit (NT) Hai thanh iu khc nhau nhng cng thanh vc (bng) ca ch c Ngc Thin ghi nhn r rng

Ngc Thin (nm 543) 4

2.3

Chn/trn/chn (Unicode 686D) l ch him vi tn s dng 5 trn 171894734

trc ln thit (QV) - ngha l mi hin nh, gian nh c hai ct chi nhn thit (TV, VH) - m chn thc ln thit (QV) - dng nh thn/thn chi nhn thit, m chn (TV) - ngha l sa li (chnh li)

(Unicode 278E8) cn c dng nh (ch) hay theo Thuyt Vn Gii T, cho thy hai m thn v an/n tng c ging nhau hay tng c ph m u li nh , tr- ... Khng phi l TVGT v l khi ghi nhn nh vy. Xem cc tho lun khc hn ca on Ngc Ti trang ny http://www.zdic.net/zd/zi3/ZdicF0ZdicA7ZdicA3ZdicA8.htm

2.4 Ch

Xem thm chi tit v lin h -tr/tl/kl trong bi "Tn mn v danh t c su - vt tch phng Nam trong ting Hn (phn 1)" cng tc gi, c bit bn v ch /an (theo TVGT tng mnh an/n thanh).

2.5 Ch trn/chn/chn (Unicode 5E2A) l ch rt him, c cc cch c

trc ln thit (QV) chi nhn thit (TV, VH, CV, LT, TVi) chi nhn thit (NT) chng nhn thit (TVB)

v thn thng dng ln ln cho nhau sau ny; hai ch ny u hin din trong TVGT nhng ngha c ca trn/thn l s v m c trn *tlan b m thn/thn thay th. Cc cch c (nguyn ngha l s hi, kinh theo TVGT)

2.6 Ch trn/thn

 trc ln thit (TVGT, CTT) chi nhn thit (NT, TVi)

Cc cch c (ci mi) - theo VH, c lc dng nh (xem cch c ch ny pha di)

thc lun thit (V) thuyn lun thit (VH) th lun thit (CV) di/mi tn thit (LT) - c l mn, dn, min

2.7 Ch chn (Unicode 8FB4) l ch him vi tn s dng l 13 trn 171894734 (b thn), ngha l
v mt vui v c cc cch c ng ch nh sau

tru tr thit (TV) su c thit (QV) ch nhn thit (QV, TV, VH) - m chn su nhn thit - m sn

2.8 Chn hay thn/thn (Unicode 4FB2), ch him vi tn s dng l 20 trn 171894734

chng nhn thit - c nh l chn (TVGT, QV, TV) chi nhn thit, m chn (TV, VH, CV) chc ln thit (QV) Ngha l a nh (ng t), hay chn nga (Phng Ngn), cn dng tng ng vi thn (c mang, c thai).

2.9 Chn l giu, cp gip, pht chn

chng nhn thit (QV) - m chn ch nhn thit (TV, VH, CV) chi nhn phn (LKTG, NT) chi nhn thit (TVB) su nhn thit, m sn (TV) chng nhn thit (QV) chi nhn thit, m chn (TV, VH)

2.10 Chn (Unicode 8AAB) l ch him vi tn s dng 10 trn 171894734

chi tn thit (TVB) - m chn chi thnh/thnh thit - m chnh/chnh

2.11 Chn

(Unicode 2A067) l ch rt him. Dng nh ch thn (Unicode 9DD0)

chng nhn thit, m chn (TV) thi nhn thit (NT)

2.12 Ch thn ngha l nh (trong su, thm cung), nh vua ... C cc cch c

thc ln thit (V) tha chn thit (TV, VH, CV)

2.13 Chn (Unicode 88D6) l ch him vi tn s dng 10 trn 171894734 - TVGT ghi chn l
theo b thn, hay dng nh

chng nhn thit (V) chi nhn thit (TV) Ting Vit cn duy tr mt dng m c ca sn l TRN (o n, o en).

2.14 Sn (Unicode 403C) l ch rt him, dng tng ng vi sn (TVGT ghi d sn

ng)

xng chn thit (V) xung nhn thit (TV) , nhi chn thit, m nhn (QV, TV) chi nhn thit, m chn (NT)

Ting Vit cn duy tr mt dng m c ca sn l TRN (trn mt nhn)

2.15 Thn (Unicode 8124) l ch him vi tn s dng l 78 trn 237906058; ngha l tht sng
cng l (raw meat for sacrifice), tht (nhc, Bc Nh), thn, mng (t) ...

thi nhn thit (QV) th nhn thit (TV, VH) thi chn thit (CV) - m thn thi nhn phn (Long Kham Th Gim) - LKTG ch ghi mt ngha l gan (can d )

2.16 m thn vit bng b trng vi ch thn rt ng ch - nu ch trng di hay

cc cch c nh sau so vi m shn (BK by gi) hay Thn/Thn (VN by gi):

th c 8

Phng ng TQ - (Vit ng, ging Qung ng): san4 san5 san6. (ging H)[] shin3 [] shin3 zhin3 [] siin3 [] shin3 [] sin3 [] sin3

thi nhn thit (V) th nhn thit (TV) thi chn thit (CV) m thn thi nhn thit, m thn (QV)

Ch thn c khi dng nh thn . Ngha nguyn thy ca thn l loi s hn/clams (TVGT, Sn Hi Kinh ...). Nhng cn mt ngha na l loi vt huyn thoi ngoi bin/marine monster mang nhiu hnh dng khc nhau v vi nc/water spouts.

Cc cch vit khc ca thn

D kin ng m quan trng, lin h trc tip m thn/chn dng thanh ph thn/thn thung lung (giao ), chnh l cu trch t Bn Tho Cng Mc4 (1596) trong t in Khang Hy (1716, li da nhiu vo Chnh T Thng/1670) :

thngiao chi thuc

- xem thm chi tit bn chp trang

1084 Khang Hy T in (phn nh km bn di) - nguyn vn

Thngiao chi thuck trng dic t x nhi ihu gic nh long trnghng lipyu d
h ln tn nghchthc yn tNng hu kh thnh lu i thnh quch chi trngtng v tc kindanh thn ludic vit hi thK chi ha lp tc chchng phm bch byn trung dic hu lu i chi hnh.

Ngi vit vn cn tm hiu ti sao t in T Nguyn (NXB Thng V n Th Qun, Bc Kinh 2004) li khng c ngha rt c bit ca thn/chn bn trn! Chn/thn (Unicode 8704) l ch him vi tn s dng l 15 trn 237243358 c cc cch c

chi ao thit, m chn (CV) - Ngc Thin ghi l ng d [S K - Lut Th] thn gi, ngn vn vt chi chn d thi chn thit, m thn (CV), dng nh thn (con s ln)

Ch thn vi b trng bn tri khng c mt trong Gip vn, Kim vn hay Trin vn; cn ch thn vi b trng di (ch Thn) th c mt trong Trin vn

Trch t trang http://www.chineseetymology.org/CharacterEtymology.aspx?characterInput=%E8%9C%83

2.17 Ch thn/thn (Unicode 9E8E) l ch him vi tn s dng 20 trn 430747376, c cc cch c

thc ln thit (V) tha chn thit (TV, VH, CV) - m thn th nhn thit (TV) - m thn thng chi thit, m thi thuyn lun thit, m thn

10

Theo TVGT, thn/thn l con nai ci, r rng m thn/thn (shn, chn ging BK by gi) khi ch loi vt th c phm tr rt rng - t loi s hn n loi nai ... Thn/chn cn l loi vt bin ha thn su theo thi gian, nh trch Thut D K (2 quyn) do Nhm Phng (460-508) son

hong tc thu ha vi cpxun phc vi hong tcng bch nin vi thn cp

So snh vi truyn thuyt v loi rng sau 500 nm tr thnh cu long.

2.18 Ch thn (Unicode 48C5) l ch rt him, c cc cch c

thc ln thit (QV) tha chn thit (TV, LT) - m thn thi chn thit (NT) xng nhn thit (CTT) m thnh

Thn l tn mt nc c i ( H Nam) hay mt h TQ.

Nn nhc y l cc cch phin thit (m trung c v trc) ca cc ch Hn dng ch Thn (chi th 9 trong 12 con gip) nh ... khng thy c ph m u tr- nh trong trng hp Thn/Thn (trc ln thit). Da vo cc cch c c m h thng m thanh HV cn duy tr5, ta c th phc nguyn mt dng c ca Thn/Thn l *tran/tlan/klan. Dng *tran/tlan/klan b thay th bng dng Thn/Thn t thi ng Tng v sau, khi ting Hn nhp vo ting Vit mt cch t v c h thng (xem cc cch phin thit trn). Khuynh hng o thi cc ch/m c gc phng Nam trong vn t Hn khng ng ngc nhin v vn ho Hn lun c gng duy tr truyn thng quc gia ca nhm cm quyn t thi Tn (t sch, chn nho/thng nht vn t), thi ng (V Tc Thin ch ch mi) n hin ti (ch gin th).

3. Lin h ng m m rng Thn/Thn trn rn rng ... 3.1 ng l thn x

11

Ch ng , hay cn vit l TVGT bin hiu 8741

(TVB)

(LT) , kh him vi tn s dng l 108 trn 430747376, trch

[ ] ng[ ng thit ]thn x dTng trng trm thanh Nh Nh (Thch Ng) ghi ng, ng x. Quch Phc ghi r hn l ng thuc loi rng c th bay c, m ng cn c ngha l vt ln, ci. khng nhng trm l m c khc ca ng, trm cng c dng tng ng vi ng (ngha ging nhau): [Chnh Vn] trnh nhm thit, m trm - ngha ng Ngha thn x (loi rn thn c kh nng siu vit nh ci my ...) tng ng vi loi rng, v vy m ngy xa gii qu tc t xng l nh vy. C ti liu ghi l chnh Tn Thu Hong xng mnh l trm nn t v sau cc vua cha u bt chc (t in Khang Hy) cng nh cch dng ca long vy (ch vua nh long nhan, long sng ...). iu th v l tng quan gia ph m u - (ng) v tr- (trm) ph hp vi ghi nhn phn trn. Ngoi ra, mt dng m c phc nguyn ca ng c th l

*trang/tlang/tlan hay c kh nng l cng mt gc (phng Nam) vi m Thn/Thn. Ni cch khc

l Thn/Thn hay ng (x) ch l cc dng dng ch Hn k m loi trn/rn ca phng Nam.

3.2 Nhn rng ra hn, Ting Mng (Bi) cn dng danh t kh l con thung lung - theo Gnibrel
(Dictionnaire annamite francais - SaiGon - 1898) th giao l con c - tra thm cch c cu HV c l c u thit (V, TV), nhng cng c th c l kh cu thit, khu thng thanh (VB) - tng ng vi m kh (Mng Bi, thung lung). Tuy nhin, cc ph m u kh- (Mng Bi) li quan h mt thit n ph m s- (khuynh hng xt hoa ca ting Vit: lc > sc, krong/krung > sng ...) nh

khng (Mng Bi) sng (Vit) khng sng kh s kht st khm sm kho so 12

khng sng ... ... khu su kh su (y l mt cch gii thch ngun gc ca con su, con c su) ... ... Cu ni dn gian l kh c ng c h mng cng cho thy hnh nh siu phm ca loi thung lung (cu, c, kh) huyn thoi ny. Xem li chui tng quan k>kh>h (thuc nh lut Grimm trong ng h nu) . So vi ting Hn v Vit, qu trnh bin m trn phn nh r nt qua cch c ch HV khng vi thnh phn HT cng thnh ra khng (>khn) v hng, hng qua khu ng; khng phi ngu nhin m ta c cc lin h gia can cn, khan/khn/khn v hn (nng gt kh cn) hay cang khng so vi hng Do , ta c c s thit lp chui bin m (a) v (b) da trn dng c phc nguyn *kiu (hm ngha ng vt hnh un cong nh rn thn, trn, trnh/chnh ... thung lung, thn ln ... ) (a) (b) *kiu > cu HV c (Vit) > kh > h (h, lm cho s) *kiu > keo (tn gi ngi Vit) > giao ( Giao Ch, Giao Chu)

3.3 Thn cn l mt ting Vit c nh trong cc cch dng 'ta thn nhn ngha ch lon an' (Nguyn
Tri), thn lng (gi lng), thn lng tch c tu thn (Thin Nam Ng Lc) ... M ta c th dng chn (chn b gi ci): thn~chn l mt lin h th v ng c tra cu thm khng nm trong bi ny.

4. Kt lun
Cc d kin ng m trn cho thy mt dng m c ca Thn/Thn l *tlan/klan dn n lin h trn - rn ln - trnh/chnh (hay cc loi thu qui lin h v tuyt chng), v cc dng n m ho thn ln, thung lung ... Khi ngi Hn c Thn/Thn (nh chn ging BK by gi) hay *tlan/klan th khng hiu l g, nhng ngi Vit th c th hiu ngay nh trng hp Mo Mo mo, Hi gi ci chng hn. Cng nh ngay ch long (rng) c cc vt khc/v c6 rt ging loi rn hay trn. Ta c c s a ra mt kt lun l loi rn/trn ca phng Nam c thing ho thnh loi rng h cu (nh rn thm sng, thm cnh, thm chn ...) trong vn ho c i TQ. iu ny phn nh qua cc dng m c phc nguyn ca Thn/Thn v long (rng). Vn ho dn gian VN vn cn thy ghi nhn hnh nh loi thung lung (giao long) cho n ngy nay. Nhn rng ra hn, trong tim thc ca cc dn tc c i thng hin din hnh nh loi rn ln hay rn bin (dng thung lung). Ng h n u c ch rng l dragon, dragun, drakon ... c gc t ting Hi Lp (drkn) ngha l con rn ln, con rn bin (seaserpent). y l khi nim nguyn mu (archetype) ng c tra cu thm nhng khng nm trong phm vi bi ny.

13

5. Ph ch v ph bnh thm
Phn ny khng hon ton theo cch ghi ti liu (Bibliography) tham kho APA hay MLA v bao gm cc ph bnh thm v ti, ti liu v tc gi ngi c c th tra cu thm. cho lin tc, bn c nn tham kho bi 8 hay "Ngun gc Vit (Nam) ca tn 12 con gip - Thn Thn Long Rng Rn (phn 8)" trn cc trang mng nh http://htx.dongtak.net/spip.php?article1291 hay http://www.anviettoancau.net/anviettc/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=571 v.v Bn c cng nn tham kho bi vit "Cc bin th ca hnh tng rn trong truyn c dn gian nhn t gc danh xng" (Trn Minh Hng, 2011) hay "Hnh tng rn qua tc th v huyn thoi" (Trn Minh Hng, 2011) trang http://www.vanhoahoc.edu.vn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2010&Itemid=80 v.v 1) Thanh iu (phc nguyn) thi thng c khng c chnh xc, nh cch dng m m m m ... phn nh cc thanh iu khc nhau cng hin din khi c mt trong ting ni t lu. Thn/Thn cng c kh nng c vi thanh sc (chn) hay thn, thn ... Thch Vn cn ghi thn l thn , 2) Theo Nhm Phng trong Thut Di K (Quyn Thng) th sau 500 nm th loi rn (c/nc) ha thnh thung lung (giao), sau 1000 nm th thung lung tr thnh rng, sau 500 nm rng tr thnh gic long (rng c sng), sau 1000 nm th gic long tr thnh ng long (rng c cnh) - nguyn vn

Thy hy ng bch nin ha vi giaogiao thin nin ha vi longti ng bch nin ha gic longthin nin ha ng long.
3) C nhng ch c khc so vi m thn, thn, thn, chn, chn ... Nhng chnh nhng m khc bit (nhng him hn) ny c th l m c hn m ta khng nhn ra. Th d nh trc ln thit chnh ra c l trn/trn mi ph hp vi h thng m HV, nhng theo Chnh Vn th c l chn (tng ng vi ging Bc VN c trn so vi ging Nam VN by gi). V khng bit r cch c c nn d ri vo trng hp ch hi ...v.v... GS William G. Boltz l tc gi cun "The origin and early development of the Chinese writing system" NXB New Haven (Connecticut, M, 1994). ng ph nhn hon ton loi ch hi / trong cu trc ch Hn (sd); l do n gin l thnh phn HT tng c cch c khc (c) m ta khng bit (hay qun/mt i theo thi gian). Th d nh ch an thng c a ra lm th d cho loi ch hi vi b min (nc nh) v ch n (n b): n b trong nh th mi chuyn u bnh an (yn n). Tht ra ch n tng c nh *an qua cc ch nh yn BK (Unicode 599F, yn lng - Thuyt Vn ghi: an d ), nun BK (Unicode 597B, ci nhau) v jin BK (gian HV): y l cc dng bin m (ngc ho) ca *an/ yn. Ta c th thm cc ch him vi gc m c *an nh nghin yn BK (xinh p, nh nghin ), yn (du dim, tn s dng l 13 trn 171894734 ) v mt s ch HV yn *an dng ch lm thnh phn HT, yn yn BK (c s, c mn)

4) Bn Tho Cng Mc trong mc giao long gii thch v thn , trch li t B Nh do Lc in son. Lc in (1042-1102) vit B Nh b tc cho Nh Nh (th k III TCN) cng nh cc hc

14

gi Quch Phc (276-324 SCN), Hnh Bnh (931-1010) trc . Lin h gia giao (thung lung) v rn, rng cn c Quch Phc ghi l Quch Phc vn: "Giao t x, t tc, long thuc" 5) Da vo mt s cch c ch him/c v thnh phn hi thanh, ta c th tm thy phn no vt tch ca m c Hn. iu ny cng kh d hiu cng nh ting Vit c cn bo qun phn no bi ting Mng ... Hay ngi Vit nc ngoi (Php, c ) t lu i th vn cn gi mt phn m c v cch dng c hn ca ting Vit. Th d nh ch him trnh c cc cch c l trc canh thit (NT, TTTH) (LT) trng ngnh thit, m trnh (ko di ra/cng), truy ng thit (TVi). y l mt ch him nhng cch c cn duy tr m c hn ca (inh, chnh) hay l m *treng, so vi cc dng c phc nguyn ca William Baxter *treng v *teng (Vng Lc, Karlgren) hay *tng (Schuessler). Mt d kin ng nhc li y l ting Vit vn cn duy tr m rt c ca l nh so vi cc ging BK, Qung ng, Triu Chu, Phc Kin, Thng Hi, i Loan ... l m Hn trung c: gi thit (LTC), ngo thit (VH, CV). Cc m HV vi ph m u tr- (trc) thng gp hn nh Tranh (ginh) - trc hnh thit (V) Trc - trc gic thit (TV) Trn - trc sn thit Trn/chn - trc ln thit (V) - ch him (rau mo ) Trn hay - trc sn thit (ch him - tn sng) Trn/chn hay - trc ln thit Trn/chn - trc ln thit (ch him) Trm (chm) - trc gim thit (V) Trm/chm/tim - trc hm thit (NT) v.v 6) xem qu trnh hnh thnh ch long qua gip ct vn, kim vn, trin vn trang ny http://www.chineseetymology.org/CharacterEtymology.aspx?submitButton1=Etymology&characterInput =%E9%BE%8D (cp nht 2003, 2008, 2011). Cc hnh khc/v cho thy hnh dng mt loi b st nh trn, rn, c su ...

15

Trang nh km 1 (trang 1084, t in Khang Hy) ghi r rng lin h gia thn v giao (giao
long, thung lung)

16