Cng thc tnh nhanh bi ton pha long dung dch axit hoc baz c pH = a thnh dung dch c pH = b

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y l mt bi ton c bn v n gin trong chng in ly ha hc lp 11. C s ca bi ton ny l da vo + nguyn tc khi pha long dung dch axit hoc baz coi nh s mol H (hoc s mol OH khng thay i).
1. Bi ton 1: Pha long dung dch axit c pH = a c dung dch mi c pH = b (b > a) Gi V1 l th tch dung dch axit ban u c pH = a V2 l th tch dung dch axit sau c pH = b - Dung dch axit c pH = a [H+] = 10-a S mol H+ ban u = 10-a.V1 - Dung dch axit c pH = b [H+] = 10-b S mol H+ sau = 10-b.V2 V s mol H+ coi nh khng i nn: S mol H+ ban u = S mol H+ sau 10-a.V1 = 10-b.V2 V2 = 10b a.V1 = 10pH.V1 Vi pH = b a > 0 V1 + V(H2O) = 10pH.V1 V(H2O) = (10-pH 1).V1 2. Bi ton 2: Pha long dung dch baz c pH = a c dung dch mi c pH = b (a > b) - Dung dch baz c pH = a pOH = 14 a [OH-] = 10-14 + a S mol OH- ban u = 10-14 + a.V1 - Dung dch baz sau khi pha long c pH = b pOH = 14 b [OH-] = 10-14 + b S mol OH- sau = 10-14 + b.V2 V s mol OH- coi nh khng i khi pha long nn: 10-14 + a.V1 = 10-14 + b.V2 V2 = 10a b.V1 = 10-pH.V1 vi pH = b a < 0 V1 + V(H2O) = 10-pH.V1 V(H2O) = 10-pH 1)V1 Tng hp li ta c: V2 = 10pH.V1 V(H2O) = (10pH 1)V1

Vi V1 l th tch dung dch axit hoc baz ban u V2 l th tch dung dch axit hoc baz sau khi pha long. 3. Mt s V d: Bi 1: a. Cho dung dch HNO3 c pH = 4. Hi phi thm mt th tch nc gp bao nhiu ln th tch dung dch ban u c dung dch c pH = 5? b. T mt th tch dung dch axit c pH = 4 c pha long bng nc thnh dung dch c th tch gp mt nghn ln. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bi gii: a. Cch 1: Tnh thng thng - Dung dch HNO3 c pH = 4 [H+] = 10-4 (mol/l) => S mol H+ = 10-4V1 (mol) - Dung dch HNO3 c pH = 5 [H+] = 10-5 (mol/l) => S mol H+ = 10-5V2 = 10-5(V1 + V) vi V l th tch H2O. V khi pha long s mol H+ khng i nn: 10-4V1 = 10-5(V1 + V) V = 9V Vy phi pha long dung dch bng th H2O gp 9 ln th tch dung dch axit ban u. Cch 2: Theo cng thc: V(H2O) = (10pH 1)V1 V(H2O) = (105 4 1)V1 = 9V1. Hay V2 = 10pH.V1 = 105 4.V1 = 10V1 Vy th tch H2O cn pha long dung dch gp 9 ln th tch ban u. Th tch dung dch sau gp 10 ln th tch dung dch ban u. b. Cch 1: Tnh thng thng - Dung dch HNO3 c pH = 4 [H+] = 10-4 (mol/l) => S mol H+ = 10-4V1 (mol) - Dung dch HNO3 c pH = b [H+] = 10-b (mol/l) => S mol H+ = 10-bV2 = 10-b.1000V1 S mol H+ khng i nn: 10-4V1 = 10-b.1000V1 => b = 7 hay pH = 7.

Cch 2: Theo cng thc V2 = 10pH.V1 1000V1 = 10b 4V1 103 = 10b 4 3=b4 b = 7 hay pH = 7. Bi 2: Thm 90 ml nc vo 10 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 12 th thu c dung dch c pH bng: A. 13 Gii: Ta c: V2 = 10pH.V1 Hay 90 + 10 = 1012 b.10 => 10 = 1012 b => 1 = 12 b => b =11 Vy pH = 11 p n C. Bi tp tng t 1. Th tch ca nc cn thm vo 15 ml dung dch axit HCl c pH = 1 thu c dung dch axit c pH = 3 l: A. 1,485 lt B. 14,85 lt C. 1,5 lt D. 15 lt B. 14 C. 11 D. 10

2. Dung dch HCl c pH = 3 cn thm vo dung dch ny th tch nc gp bao nhiu ln dung dch ban u c dung dch c pH = 4? A. 10 ln B. 9 ln C. 8 ln D. 5 ln

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