Khi qut v nhm Halogen Posted on Thng Mi Hai 18, 2007 by Phan Vinh

I. NHM HALOGEN TRONG BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T Click vo y xem v tr cc nguyn t nhm Halogen ( nhm VIIA) trong bng HTTH? - V tr cc halogen: Nhm VIIA, cui chu k, ngay trc kh him - Gm: Flo ( F), Clo ( Cl), Brom ( Br), Iot ( I), Atatin ( At) - Trong , atatin l nguyn t phng x, khng gp trong thin nhin, c nghin cu trong nhm cc nguyn t phng x. II. CU HNH ELECTRON NGUYN T V CU TO PHN T CA CC NGUYN T TRONG NHM HALOGEN c im cu to chung ca cc nguyn t Halogen? 1. Cu hnh electron: T v tr ca cc nguyn t Halogen, cho bit s electron lp ngoi cng ? cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca chng? Cu hnh e lp ngoi cng:

( n l s th t lp ngoi cng) S eletron c thn: T s phn b electron vo obitan, cho bit s electron c thn ca cc nguyn t halogen trng thi c bn v kch thch? trng thi c bn: c 1 e c thn trng thi kch thch:

Nh vy, cc trng thi kch thch, nguyn t clo, brom, iot c th c 3, 5, 7 electron c thn. S oxi ho: Flo ch c s oxi ho -1 ( Gii thch?) Clo, brom, iot c s oxi ho: -1, +1, +3, +5, +7 ( Gii thch?) 2. Cu to phn t n cht halogen: gm 2 nguyn t lin kt bng lin kt cng ho tr to thnh phn t X2

- Nng lng lin kt X-X ca phn t X2 khng ln ( t 151 n 243 kJ/mol) nn cc phn t halogen tng i d tch thnh hai nguyn t. III. Khi qut v tnh cht ca cc halogen 1. Tnh cht vt l: T hnh nh cc halogen trn, cho bit trng thi v mu sc ca chng? C nhn xt g v s bin i mu sc, trng thi ca chng t flo n iot? 2. Tnh cht ho hc T cu hnh e, d on tnh cht ho hc ca cc halogen? Ging nhau? Khc nhau? - V lp ngoi cng c cu hnh tng t nhau nn cc halogen c nhiu im ging nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca n cht cng nh thnh phn v tnh cht ca cc hp cht. - Cc halogen c m in ln. m in ca flo (3,98 ) l ln nht trong tt c cc nguyn t ho hc. - T flo n iot, bn knh nguyn t tng dn v m in gim dn. ( Gii thch?) Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc halogen? - Halogen l nhng phi kim in hnh, chng l nhng cht oxi ho mnh. So snh kh nng oxi ho ca cc halogen? - Tnh oxi ho ca cc halogen gim dn t flo n iot. (gii thch?) Cc em hy tr li cc cu hi sau: Cu 1: Ti sao cc nguyn t nhm VIIA c tn gi l halogen? Cu 2: Ti sao clo, brom, iot c cc s oxi ho -1, +1, +3, +5,+7. Cn flo ch c s oxi ho -1? Cu 3: Cc halogen ging nhau nh th no v tnh cht ho hc? gii thch? Cu 4: T flo n iot, tnh cht ho hc ca cc nguyn t bin i nh th no? gii thch? Cu 5: Nguyn t no c m in ln nht trong tt c cc nguyn t trong bng HTTH?