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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

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MC LC
Trang
LI M U

CHNG I: GII THIU V TI

I.1: C s lu chn

CHNG II: TNG QUAN V H VI IU KHIN

II.1: Gii thiu

II.2: Lch s pht trin ca cc loi vi iu khin

II.3: Kho st b vi iu khin AT89C51 t ATMEL CORPOCATION

II.3.1: Cu trc bn trong ca AT89C51

II.3.2: Tm tt phn cng

II.3.3: Mch c bn 89C51 lm vic

14

CHNG III: THIT K V LP TRNH

14

III.1: Kt cu ca chng trnh

14

III.2: Kt ni ngoi vi gm c

15

III.2.1 H IC 78xx v IC 7805

15

III.2.2: IC 74245 - B nh m cho u vo.

16

III.2.3: LED 7 on

17

III.2.4 : in tr treo

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III.3: Phn thi cng mch

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III.3.1: S nguyn l mch iu khin n giao thng

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2

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III.3.2: S board ca mch iu khin n giao thng

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III.3.3: S mach hin th n v thoi gian

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III.3.4: S board mch hin th n v thi gian

22

III.4 Nguyn l hot ng ca mch

22

III.5:Lu thut ton

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III.6: Phn lp trnh

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III6.1: Phng php lp trnh

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III.6.2: Chng trnh

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KT LUN

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LI NI U
Trong nhng nm gn y theo s tin b ca khoa hc k thut, cng cuc
cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc ang pht trin mnh m. Trc tnh
hnh c kh nhiu yu cu cp bch v cng l nhng thch thc c t
ra cho gii tr thc. tip tc dn dt s pht trin ca t nc ngy cng
giu mnh, th phi u t cho gio dc, o to th h tr c kin thc
p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi. i hi phi nng cao cht lng
o to, th phi a cc phng tin dy hc hin i vo trong ging ng,
trng hc c nh vy th trnh con ngi ngy cng cao p ng c yu
cu ca x hi.
lm quen vi cng vic thit k, ch to v tm hiu cc v cc loi
linh kin in t, chng em c cc thy c trong khoa CNTT giao
cho n mn hc Thit k mch iu khin n giao thng ti ng t
nhm cng c v kin thc trong qu trnh thc t.
Sau khi nhn c ti, vi s hng dn ca thy Phm Ngc Hng
cng vi s n lc ca bn thn, s tm ti nghin cu ti liu n nay
n ca chng em v mt c bn hon thnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin
d c gng nhng do thi gian cng nh trnh vn cn hn ch nn
khng th trnh khi sai st. Vy em knh mong s ch bo gip v
ng gp kin ca cc thy c n ca em c hon thin hn .
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Phm Ngc Hng cng cc thy
c trong khoa gip chng em hon thnh n.
Gio Vin Hng Dn: Phm Ngc Hng
Nhm sinh vin thc hin: Hong Ngc Sn
Chu Minh V
Nguyn Vn Vi

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

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CHNG I : GII THIU V TI

I.1: C s la chn ti.
t Vn (ng dng):
Vi mi mt dn tc, kinh t pht trin th s pht trin v khoa hoc,
k thut l tht s cn thit v c bit quan trng. Vi s pht trin mnh m
ca kinh t nh hin nay, giao thng ang l mt bi ton kh i hi nhiu
ngnh, nhiu cp phi quan tm, v tm ra cc hng gii quyt. lm gim
bt nhng kh khn cng nh lm cho vic lu thng trn cc tuyn ng
c thng thong v gim thiu ti nn, th vic t cc ct n ti cc ng v
thi gian quy nh cho php i v cm i ca cc tuyn l c bit quan trng.
i vi mt ng t, ti mi thi im trong ngy th s lu thng mi
ng t la rt quan trng. V th, mt chng trnh iu khin n giao thng
ng t c lu thng mt cch tt nht l cn thit v ht sc quan trng
Vi nhng nhn nh nh th, chng em quyt nh chn ti giao
thng ti ng t ny.
. c s ng ca khoa in - in t Trng i Hc S Phm K
Thut Hng Yn
Nhm chng em tin hnh thc hin ti ny:
Mch n Giao Thng ti ng t ng ph

CHNG II:TNG QUAN V H VI IU KHIN

II.1: Gi i thi u
B vi iu khin vit tt l Micro-controller, l mch tch hp trn mt chip
c th lp trnh c, dng iu khin hot ng ca mt h thng. Theo cc
tp lnh ca ngi lp trnh, b vi iu khin tin hnh c, lu tr thng tin,
x l thng tin, o thi gian v tin hnh ng m mt c cu no .
Trong cc thit b in, in v in t dn dng, cc b vi iu khin, iu
khin hot ng ca TV, my git, u c laser, in thai, l vi-ba Trong
h thng sn xut t ng, b vi iu khin c s dng trong Robot, dy
chuyn t ng. Cc h thng cng thng minh th vai tr ca h vi iu
khin cng quan trng.
II.2: L ch s ph t t in c a c c loi v iu hin.
B vi iu khin thc ra, l mt loi vi x l trong tp hp cc b vi x l ni
chung. B vi iu khin c pht trin t b vi x l, t nhng nm 70 do s
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pht trin v hon thin v cng ngh vi in t da trn k thut MOS (MetalOxide-Semiconductor) , mc tch hp ca cc linh kin bn dn trong mt
chip ngy cng cao.
Nm 1971 xut hin b vi x l 4 bit loi TMS1000 do cng ty texas
Instruments va l ni pht minh va l nh sn xut. Nhn tng th th b vi x
l ch c cha trn mt chip nhng chc nng cn thit x l chng trnh
theo mt trnh t, cn tt c b phn ph tr khc cn thit nh : b nh d liu
, b nh chng trnh , b chun i AID, khi iu khin, khi hin th, iu
khin my in, hi ng h v lch l nhng linh kin nm bn ngoi c ni
vo b vi x l.
Mi n nm 1976 cng ty INTEL (Interlligen-Elictronics). Mi cho ra i b
vi iu khin n chip u tin trn th gii vi tn gi 8048. Bn cnh b x l
trung tm 8048 cn cha b nh d liu, b nh chng trnh, b m v pht
thi gian cc cng vo v ra Digital trn mt chip.
Cc cng ty khc cng ln lc cho ra i cc b vi iu khin 8bit tng t
nh 8048 v hnh thnh h vi iu khin MCS-48 (Microcontroller-sustem-48).
n nm 1980 cng ty INTEL cho ra i th h th hai ca b vi iu khin
n chip vi tn gi 8051. V sau hng lot cc vi iu khin cng loi vi
8051 ra i v hnh thnh h vi iu khin MCS-51 .
n nay h vi iu khin 8 bit MCS51 c n 250 thnh vin v hu ht cc
cng ty hng dn hng u th gii ch to. ng u l cng ty INTEL v rt
nhiu cng ty khc nh : AMD, SIEMENS, PHILIPS, DALLAS, OKI
Ngoi ra cn c cc cng ty khc cng c nhng h vi iu khin ring nh:
H 68HCOS
ca cng ty Motorola
H ST62
ca cng ty SGS-THOMSON
H H8
ca cng ty Hitachi
H pic cu cng ty Microchip
II.3: Kh o s t

vi iu hin AT

C5 t

ATMEL CORPOCATION

c im v chc nng hot ng ca cc IC h MSC-51 hon ton

tng t nh nhau. y gii thiu IC 8951 l mt h IC vi iu khin do hng
Intel ca M sn xut. Chng c cc c im chung nh sau:
Cc c im ca 89C51 c tm tt nh sau:
4 KB ROM
4 KB EPROM bn trong.
128 Byte RAM ni.
4 Port xut nhp I/O 8 bit.
2 b nh thi 16 bit
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Mch giao tip ni tip.

64 KB vng nh m ngoi
64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi
X l Boolean (hot ng trn bit n).
210 v tr nh c th nh v bit.
4s cho hot ng nhn hoc chia.
II.3.1.Cu t c n t ong c a AT89C51.
Phn chnh ca vi iu khin 8051 / 8031 l b x l trung tm (CPU: central
processing unit ) bao gm :
- Thanh ghi tch ly A
- Thanh ghi tch ly ph B, dng cho php nhn v php chia
- n v logic hc (ALU : Arithmetic Logical Unit )
- T trng thi chng trnh (PSW : Prorgam Status Word)
- Bn bng thanh ghi
- Con tr ngn xp
Ngoi ra cn c b nh chng trnh, b gii m lnh, b iu khin thi gian
v logic.
c c ngt ngoi

c c li vo
b m
4 Kb ROM
timer1

128 byte
RAM

iu khin ngt

Timer 2

CPU

OSC

iu khin
BUS

Cng ni tip

4 cng vo/ra

TxD
P0

P2

P1

RxD

P3

a ch
/ d liu

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

H nh II. : Cu t c

iu khin n giao thng

n t ong c a AT89C51

II.3.2:Tm tt phn cng:

U2
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
19
18
9
31

P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
P0.5/AD5
P0.6/AD6
P0.7/AD7
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
XTAL1
XTAL2
RST

P2.0/A8
P2.1/A9
P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
P2.4/A12
P2.5/A13
P2.6/A14
P2.7/A15
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INTO
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/TO
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P3.7/RD
PSEN
ALE/PROG

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
29
30

EA/VPP
AT89C51

Hnh II.2 : S chn c a IC89C51

AT89C51 c tt c 40 chn c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp . Trong
c 24 chn c tc dng kp (c ngha l mt chn c hai chc nng), mi ng
c th hot ng nh ng xut nhp hoc nh ng iu khin hoc l
thnh phn ca cc bus d liu v bus a ch.
+ Cc cng vo ra
- Port 0 (Chn 32-39):l cng hai chiu dng 8 bit m, nh l cng ra, Port 0
c nhng cu hnh cng ng dn a ch, d liu truy xut ti chng trnh
goi v b nh d liu. yu cu bn ngoi dng li trong lc kim tra chng
trnh.
- Port 1 (Chn 1-8): c cng hai chiu 8bit, trong php cng P1.0 v P1.1 c th
thc hin i ti b nh thi/b m bn trong m ng vo(P1.0/T2) v hai
b nh thi/b m truy xut ng vo(P1.1/T2EX).
- Port 2 (Chn 21-28): c cng hai chiu 8bit, pht ra nhng a ch byte cao
khc trong lc tm v t b nh chng trnh bn ngoi v truy xut t b nh
d liu bn ngoi vic s dng 8bit a ch. Port 2 pht ra nhng ni dung
ca thanh ghi c chc nng c bit P2
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- Port 3 (Chn 10-17):

P3.0 RxD Chn pht d liu ca Port ni tip
P3.1 TxD Chn thu d liu ca Port ni tip
P3.2 INT0 Ng vo ngt ngoi 0
P3.3 INT1 Ng vo ngt ngoi 1
P3.4 T0 Ng vo b nh thi m 0
P3.5 T1 Ng vo b nh thi m 1
P3.6 WR iu khin ghi d liu vo RAM ngoi
P3.7 RD iu khin c d liu t RAM ngoi
+ Reset (Chn 9):
Chn reset c tc dng reset cho chp, mc tch cc ca chn ny l mc
1 , reset ta phi a mc 1 (5v) n chn ny vi thi gian ti thiu 2 chu k
my ( tng ng 2s tng ng vi thch anh 12Mhz ).
Sau y l mch reset.
- RxD :nhn tn hiu kiu ni tip.
- TxD :truyn tn hiu kiu ni tip.
- /INT0: ngt ngoi 0.
- /INT1: ngt ngoi 1.
- T0: chn vo 0 ca b timer/counter 0.
- T1: chn vo 0 ca b timer/counter 1.
- /WR: ghi gi liu vo b nh ngoi.
- /Rd: c gi liu t b nh ngoi.
- XTAL1: chn vo mch khuch i dao ng.
- XTAL2: chn ra t mch khuch i dao ng.
- /PSEN: chn cho php c chng trnh ngoi (Rom ngoi).

reset bng tay

reset khi cp ngun

- Nt n:
- Trng thi ca cc thanh ghi khi reset, khi reset th trng thi ca RAM ni
khng b thay i
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+ Chn cho php cht a ch (ALE/PROG)

Chn ALE c xung ng ra cht a ch Byet thp trong thi gian truy xut
b nh ngoi. Chn ny c chng trnh xung ng vo trong khi tn hiu in
ang chy.
Trong iu khin bnh thng, chn ALE c xut ra vi mt gi tr bng 1/6
tn s ca mch dao ng v c th c s dng cho vic quy nh thi gian
bn ngoi hoc mc ch m thi gian. Ghi nh, mt xung ALE c ngt
qung trong khi mi truy xut t d liu b nh ngoi.
Nu ra lnh, bnh thng ALE c th b hy bi vic ci dt bit 0 ca SFR
c nh v tr 8EH
+ Chn cho php b nh chng trnh (PSEN:Program store Enable)
PSEN c c xung nhn ti b nh chng trnh ngoi.
Khi AT89C51RC ang thc hin m t b nh chng trnh ngoi, PSEN c
thc hin vi chu k my tng gp i, tr phi hai hot ng PSEN c
ngt qung trong thi gian truy xut ti b nh d liu bn ngoi.
+ Chn truy xut ngoi (EA/VPP)
Kch hot truy xut ngoi, chn EA phi c ni vi GND khi s dng cc
thit b t m truy cp t b nh chng trnh ngoi c nh v tr t 0000H
ti FFFFH.
+ Chn tinh th thch anh XTAL
XTAL1: ng vo ti mch dao ng khuch i ngc v ti mch in kha
diu khin bn trong.
XTAL2: ng ra t mch dao ng khuch i ngc.
Thanh ghi cc chc nng c bit (SFR)
Mt nh x trn b mt din tch ca b nh chip c gi l thanh ghi cc chc
nng c bit.
Ghi ch, khng phi l tt c cc a ch c s dng, v nhng a ch
khng c s dng c th khng c b sung vo chip. c truy xut ti cc
a ch s c tng hp y vo d liu ngu nhin, v truy xut c
ghi s c hiu ng l m.
+ Thanh ghi b nh thi 2:
iu khin v trng thi cc bit c cha ng vo thanh ghi T2CON v
T2MOD.
Thanh ghi ngt:
khi ng nhng bit ngt ring bit c thc hin bi thanh ghi IE.
TF2: Du hiu c trn 2 b nh thi t bi 2 b dnh thi c trn v phi
c xa bi phn mm. TF2 s khng c dt khi RCLK = 1 hoc TCLK = 1
EXF2: 2 B nh thi du hiu ngoi khi mt ci c gi li hoc chy li
bi mt t chi chuyn tip trn T2EX v EXEN2 = 1. khi 2 b nh thi trong
10

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

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c kch hot, EXF2 = 1 s l nguyn nhn CPU ti vector ti th tc 2 b

nh thi trong. EXEN2 phi c xa bi phn mm. EXF2 khng phi
nguyn nhn gy ngt trong b m ln/xung (DCEN = 1).
RCLK Kch hot xung nhn, khi iu chnh, nguyn nhn cng ni tip c s
dng 2 b nh thi c trn to xung cho xung nhn trong cng ni tip cho
dng 1 v 3. RCLK = 0 l nguyn nhn c trn mt b nh thi c s dng
cho vic nhn xung
TCLK Kch hot truyn xung, khi iu chnh, nguyn nhn cng ni tip c
dng c trn xung b nh thi 2 cho vic pht xung trong cng ni tip cho
dng 1 v 3. TCLK = 0 nguyn nhn c trn b dnh thi 1 d c dng
pht xung.
-EXEN2 Kch hot b nh thi ngoi 2, mt ci c gi li hoc chy li
xut nh l mt kt qu ca mt t chi chuyn tip trn T2EX neu1 b nh
thi 2 khng c s dng to xung cho cng ni tip. EXEN2 = 0 l
nguyn nhn b nh thi 2 l i kh nng c th xy ra ca T2EX
TR2 iu khin bt u/dng li cho b nh thi 2. TR2 = 1 b nh thi bt
u.
C/T2 B nh thi hoc b m cho b nh thi 2. C/T2 = 0 cho chc nng b
nh thi. C/T2 = 1 cho my m s kin ngoi.
CP/RL2 Chn gi/chy li. CP/RL2 = 1 l do gi li cho xut hin trn t chi
chuyn tip vo T2EX nu EXEN2 = 1. CP/RL2 = 0 nguyn nhn t ng chy
li xut hin khi c trn b nh thi 2 hoc xut hin t chi chuyn tip
vo T2EX khi EXEN2 = 1. khi RCLK hoc TCLK = 1, bit ny c l i v b
nh thi b p t ng chy li trn c trn b nh thi 2.
+ Con tr ghi hai d liu:
thun tin truy xut c hai b nh d liu bn trong v bn ngoi, 2 b ca
16bit con tr ghi d liu c cung cp: DP0 ca a ch thanh ghi cc chc
nng c bit nh v tr 82H-83H v DP1 84H-85H. bit DPS = 0 trong cc
thanh ghi ph cc chc nng c bit chon5DP0 v DP1 = 1 chn DP1. ngi
s dng nn khi ng bit DPS tch hp gi tr trc khi truy xut tng ng
vi con tr ghi d liu.
C tt ngun(POF): c nh 4bit (PCON.4) vo PCON SFR. POF c iu
chnh ti 1 trong khi bt ngun. n c th b iu chnh v v ng yn di
phn mm iu khin v khng c gi to bi qu trnh khi ng li
Thit b MCS_51 c mt khong a ch ring cho chng trnh v b nh d
liu.
+ B nh chng trnh:
- Nu chn EA c ni vi GND tt c chng trnh i v c hng v ti
11

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b nh ngoi.
- Trong AT89C51RC, nu chn EA c ni vi Vcc th chng trnh v ti
khong a ch 0000H-7FFFH i ti b nh chng trnh bn trong v i v ti
a ch 8000H-FFFFH i ti b nh chuong trnh bn ngoi.
B nh d liu:
- AT89C51RC c b nh d liu bn trong vi 4 phn ring:
+ Thp hn 128 byte ca RAM (c a ch t 00H-7FH) c gn gi tr ngay
lp tc hoc gin tip
+
Cao hn 128 byte RAM ( c a ch 80H-FFH) ch gn a ch bng cch
gin tip
+ Cc thanh ghi c chc nng c bit (c a ch t 80H-FFH) ch c gn a
ch bng cch trc tip
+ 256 byte RAM m rng (00H-FFH) c truy cut gin tip bi lnh
MOVX, v vi bit EXTRAM c xa.
+ Phn cng b nh thi gim st:
c d nh nh l phng php khi phc trong v tr ni m CPU c th b
xo trn bi ch phn mm, n ph hp vi b m 13bit.
Cch s dng b nh thi gim st: cho php n, ngi s dng phi vit
01EH v 0E1H trong dy ti thanh ghi WDTRST. Khi n c cho php,
ngi s dng cn ti dch v ca n bi 01EH v 0E1H ti WDTRST ph
hy c trn ca n. B m c trn 13bit khi n t ti 8191(1FFFH), v thit
lp li cc thit b. khi n c cho php, n s gia tng chu k my trong khi
mch dao ng ang chy. chy li n ngi dng phi vit 01EH v 0E1H
ti WDTRST. WDTRST l thanh ghi ch vit. b m WDT khng th b c
hay vit.
B nh thi 0 v 1:
B nh thi 0 v 1 trong AT89C51RC hot ng ging nh l b nh thi 0 v
1 trong AT89C51 v AT89C52.
B nh thi 2:
B nh thi 2 l b nh thi/b m 16bit n c th hot ng nh cc b nh
thi khc hoc mt bin c m. b nh thi 2 gm 2 thanh ghi 8bit,TH2 v
TL2.
Xung nhp ra c th lp trnh c:
Chu k hot ng l 50% c th c lp li chng trnh i ra bng chn
P1.0. n c th l chng trnh vo xung bn ngoi cho b nh thi/b m
2 hoc cho ng ra vi 50% ch lm vic bin xung t 61Hz ti 4MHz vi
mt tn s hot ng 16MHz.Cu hnh ca b nh thi/b m 2 nh l mt
hm sin, bit C/T2 (T2CON.1) phi c xa v bit T2OE (T2MOD.1) phi
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c iu chnh. Bit TR2 (T2CON.2) bt u v dng b nh thi.

Tn s xung ra ph thuc vo tn s dao ng v gi tr np li ca thanh ghi b
nh thi 2 (RCAP2H,RCAP2L). ta c Tn s xung ra = ( tn s dao
ng) /(4*[65536-(RCAP2H,RACP2L)])
Trong ch xung ra, bn quay b nh thi 2 s khng c pht ng ngt.
+ Ch ngt:
AT89C51RC c tng cng 6 vector ngt: 2 ngt ngoi (INT0 v INT1), 3
b nh thi ngt (b nh thi 0,1 v 2) v cng ngt ni tip.
Mi ngun ngt c th cho php ring l hoc ngn chn bi qu trnh ci
t hoc xa b 1 bit trong thanh ghi cc chc nng c bit (SFR) IE.
B nh thi ngt 2 c khi ng bi ton t logic OR ca cc bit TF2 v
EXF2 trong thanh ghi T2CON. Nhng ci c khng nhng c xa bi
phn cng khi th tc ca dch v c hng ti. thc ra, th tc dch v c
th c nh r l TF2 hay EXF2 d khi ng ngt, v bit s c xa
trong phn mm.
C b nh thi 0 v 1, TF0 v TF1, c iu chnh S5P2 ca chu k trong
b nh thi c trn.
c im dao ng:
XTAL1 v XTAL2 l ng ra v ng vo, theo th t c nh sn, iu
khin thit b t mt ngun xung ngoi. XTAL2 s khng c lien kt bn tri
trong khi XTAL1 c iu khin
Ch ngh:
Trong ch ngh, CPU ngh trong khi tt c cc chip ngoi vi u hot ng.
ch ny c gi ra bng phn mm. Dung lng trn chip RAM v tt c
SFR c thay i, ch ngh c th bn trong cho php ngt hoc ch
lp li ca phn cng.
Ch khi ch ngh c kt thc bi ch lp li ca phn cng, cc thit
b thong thng c chy lai chng trnh t phn tt bn tri.

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II.3.3: Mch c

iu khin n giao thng

C5 lm vi c:

Hnh II.3 : Mch c

n c a IC

C51

CHNG III: THIT K V LP TRNH

III.1: Kt cu c a chng t nh
Chng trnh gm hai chng trnh con
- chng trnh 1 chng trnh ban ngy
- chng trnh 2 chng trnh ban m t 23h n 5h sng
+ chng trnh 1 l chng trnh c thi gian n 25s, n xanh 30s
n vng 5s
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+ chng trnh 2 l chng trnh ch c n vng nhp nhy

- chn chng trnh ta phi thit lp chng trnh v reset h thng qua
nt nhn reset
III.2: Kt ni ngoi vi gm c:
III.2.1-H IC 78xx v IC 7805
Vi nhng mch in khng i hi n nh ca in p qu cao, s dng IC
n p thng c ngi thit k s dng v mch in kh n gin. Cc loi
n p thng c s dng l IC 78xx, vi xx l in p cn n p. V d 7805
n p 5V, 7812 n p 12V. Vic dng cc loi IC n p 78xx tng t nhau.

* Nhng dng se i c a 7 XX:

- LA7805 IC n p 5V
- LA7806 IC n p 6V
- LA7808 IC n p 8V
y l dng cho in p ra tng ng vi dng l 1A.
Hnh nh mt IC 7805 c 3 chn:

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S khi ca IC 7805.
III.2.2: IC 74245 - B nh m cho u vo.

Chc nng:
- y l mt loi IC s kh ph bin, tn gi chung l 74245, ty thuc
vo tn s p ng v cng ty sn xut s c cc tn hi khc nhau nh
74HC245, 74HCT245... nhng khi loi b cc k t gia, vn chung l 74245.
- Bi ton: Khi ta cn kim sot mt s lng trng thi, cm bin tip
im m s u cn kim sot ln ti > 10 im, c khi ti 40 im, bn khng
th ni tt c cc cm bin ny vi vi x l v khng th Port. V vy, chng
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ta phi s dng c d liu theo kiu BUS v dng 74245 nh l b nh m

u vo cho vi x l.
C c thc hot ng:
- S nguyn l: Nh s trn, trong A ( u vo Vi x l), B ( u
vo ly tn hiu t sensor), Chn AB/BA ni Gnd v quan trng nht l chn
CE (Chip enable).
- Vi s trn, ti gii thiu cc bn s dng 2 IC 74HCT235 c d
liu trng thi on/off t 16 cm bin sensor khc nhau

PORT A : u ra ca 74245 v c u vo u vo ca vi x l, tt c
cc PORT A ca cc IC 74245 c u chung to thnh ng d
liu BUS 8bit.
PORT B : u vo ca 74245 , c u vo cc trang thi on/off ca
sensror, mi mt PIN c u vi mt sensor khc nhau, v lu , nu
sensor cha c in tr Pullup th phi thm mt dy din tr Pullup vo
PORT B lun m bo trng thi logic cho PORTB.
CE : Chn chn chp, trng thi tch cc thp, khi mun PORT A =
PORT B th CE=0 (c c IC 74245 h c t u c CE= ngn hng
cho PORTA=PORTB, nu qun iu ny, d liu s lung tung, khng
kim sot c nh " C mt li ra, ch va mt ngi i m ta m n 4
ca, 4 ngi chen chc nhau i

III.2.3: LED 7 on
Hin th dng led 7 on loi anode chung ng vi IC gii m 74245
c mc tch cc l mc 0 ( mc thp). loi anode chung ( anode ca n
c ni ln +5V, on no sng ta ni u cathode a on xung mc
thp thng qua in tr hn dng.
Hin th dng led 7 on loi katot chung ng vi IC gii m 7448 c
mc tch cc l mc 1 ( mc cao). loi katot chung ( katot ca n c
ni ln GND)

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III.2.4 : i n tr treo
- Vi cc chn vi chn 1 ni ngun 5vdc
8 chn cn li dng ni vo 8 chn ra ca vi iukhin 89c51 c tc dng
lm tng dng in lm cho dng in khe hn
mch ny chng ta dng in tr 10k

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III.3: Phn thi cng mch

III.3.1: S nguyn l mch iu khin n giao thng

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III.3.2: S board c a mach iu khin n giao thng

III.3.3: S mch hin th n v thi gian

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III.3.4: S board mch hin th n v thi gian

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III.4 Nguy n l hot ng c a mch

Nguyn l hot ng ca mch iu khin n giao thng ti ng t: T
mch ngun dng IC7805 cung cp ngun n nh +5V cho mch, sau khi
IC89C51 c cp ngun +5V th t cng P0 ca IC89C51 s xut d liu ra
IC74AC245 sau t IC74AC245 s xut d liu ra led 7 thanh hin th thi
gian m.
T cng P2 v P3 ca 89C51 d liu c xut vo IC3, IC4 ca 74245
xut tn hiu ra led n hin th n bo giao thng, xanh, vng, . Ty theo
ch ban ngy hay ban m( chn ch ban ngy hay ban m bng cch tc
ng vo nt nhn S2).
III.5:Lu thut ton

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Lu chng t nh

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Lu chng t nh 2

III.6: Phn lp trnh

III.6. : Phng ph p lp trnh
Phng php lp trnh: S dng IC AT89C51 lp trnh
C rt nhiu phn mm h tr son tho vi nhiu ngn nh khc nhau v
bin dch, nap...
Nh phn mm Ride, Raisonance, Prog-studio-setup, KeilC,...
Vi ngn ng Assembly, C, C++...
Trong n ny chng em s dng phn mm Keilc vi ngn ng son tho
C son tho.
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III.6.2: Chng t nh
#include<at89x51.h>
#define dc P2_0
#define vc P2_1
#define xc P2_2
#define l1c P2_3
#define l2c P2_4

#define dp P3_0
#define vp P3_1
#define xp P3_2
#define l1p P3_3
#define l2p P3_4

#define b P1_0
#define led1 P1_2
#define led2 P1_3
bit n=0;
char M[]={0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90};
unsigned char a1,a2,a3,a4,sl;
char p;
unsigned char tdc,tvc,txc,tdp,tvp,txp,temp1c,temp2c,temp1p,temp2p;
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void delay(unsigned int x);

void dislay();
void init();
void ngat();
//////////////////////////////////////////
void pwm() interrupt 1
{
//chuong trinh viet o day
ngat();
}
///////////////////
void main(){
init();
//temp1=2;temp2=9;
while(1){
if(b==0){
delay(1000);
if (b==0){
p=60;
txc=31;tdp=26;tvp=6;
tdc=26;tvc=6;txp=31;
while(b==0);
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n=~n;
}
}

if(n==0){
led1=0;led2=1;
dislay();
}
}
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void init(){led1=0;
led2=1;
l1c=l2c=l1p=l2p=1;
dc=vc=xc=dp=vp=xp=0;
P0=0xff;
//kahi bao timer 0 che do 1 16bit
TMOD=0x01;
TH0=0x3c;
TL0=0xb0;
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TF0=0;
ET0=1; //cho phep ngat timer0
EA=1; //ngat toan cuc
TR0=1; //cho phep chay timer
p=60;
txc=31;tdp=26;tvp=6;
tdc=26;tvc=6;txp=31;
}
void delay(unsigned int x){
unsigned int i;
for(i=0;i<x;i++);
}
//_________________________________________
void dislay(){
l1c=0;
l2c=l1p=l2p=1;
P0=M[temp2c];
delay(300);
P0=0xff;
l1c=1;l1c=l2c=l1p=l2p=1;
delay(10);

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l2c=0;
l1c=l1p=l2p=1;
P0=M[temp1c];
delay(300);
P0=0xff;
l2c=1;l1c=l2c=l1p=l2p=1;
delay(10);

l1p=0;
l1c=l2c=l2p=1;
P0=M[temp2p];
delay(300);
P0=0xff;
l1p=1;l1c=l2c=l1p=l2p=1;
delay(10);

l2p=0;
l1c=l2c=l1p=1;
P0=M[temp1p];
delay(300);
P0=0xff;
l2p=1;l1c=l2c=l1p=l2p=1;
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delay(10);
}
//_______________________
void ngat(){
TR0=0;
TH0=0x3c;
TL0=

0xb0;

sl++;
if (sl==20){
sl=0;
if(n==0){
p=p-1;
if(p==-1) p=60;
if((p<60)&&(p>=30)){
xc=1;
dc=vc=0;
txc=txc-1;

temp1c=txc%10;
temp2c=txc/10;

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if(txc==0)
txc=31;
}
if((p<30)&&(p>=5)){
dc=1;
vc=xc=0;
tdc=tdc-1;

temp1c=tdc%10;
temp2c=tdc/10;
if(tdc==0)
tdc=26;
}

if(p<5){
vc=1;
dc=xc=0;
tvc=tvc-1;

temp1c=tvc%10;
temp2c=tvc/10;
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if(tvc==0)
tvc=6;
}

if((p<60)&&(p>=35)){
dp=1;
vp=xp=0;
tdp=tdp-1;

temp1p=tdp%10;
temp2p=tdp/10;
if(tdp==0)
tdp=26;
}
if((p<35)&&(p>=30)){
vp=1;
dp=xp=0;
tvp=tvp-1;

temp1p=tvp%10;
temp2p=tvp/10;
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if(tvp==0)
tvp=6;
}

if(p<30){
xp=1;
vp=dp=0;
txp=txp-1;

temp1p=txp%10;
temp2p=txp/10;
if(txp==0)
txp=31;
}
}
else{led1=1;led2=0;
dc=xc=dp=xp=0;
P0=0xff;
vc=~vc;
vp=~vp;
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}
TF0=0;
TR0=1;
}

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KT LUN
Sau mt thi gian nghin cu v lm vic mt cch nghim tc, cng vi
s gip , ch bo tn tnh ca thy Phm Ngc Hng v cc thy c gio
trong khoa CNTT , n nay chng em hon thnh ti:Thit k mch iu
khin n giao thng ti ng t . Trong qu trnh thc hin ti nhm chng
em vn dng c nhng kin thc hc, t mnh nh gi c trnh
ca bn thn, cng nhau nghin cu v hc hi ln nhau, tm ra phng n gii
quyt. Thng qua qu trnh thc hin ti chng em dn lm quen vi cch
lm vic c lp v phi hp lm theo nhm. iu quan trng l dn bit
cch t chc cng vic v sp xp thi gian hp l.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti mc d chng em c gng hon
thnh tt, xong v trnh ca bn thn cng nh thi gian c hn nn khng
th trnh khi nhng thiu xt. Chng em rt mong cc thy c gio to iu
kin gip , ng gp kin ti c hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n !
Nhm sinh vin thc hin

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