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Chuyn M_ LOGARITH Luyn thi i hc 2012

TUYN TP THI TON HC TUI TR:

M- LGARITH
1: THTT 2010 Gii phng trnh: Bi gii: TX: D = ( 0; + ) . t t = log2 x x = 2t
t t t t

3log2 x = x 2 - 1 (1)

3 1 Lc , (1) tr thnh: 3 + 1 = 4 + = 1 (*) 4 4 3 1 D thy f (t ) = + nghch bin trn R nn (*) c nghim duy nht 4 4 t = 1 : log2 x = 1 x = 2
2: THTT 2010 Gii bt phng trnh: 2 x + 3.2 - x Bi gii: TX: D = ( 0; + ) .
t t

2 log2 x -2 log2 ( x +6 )

> 1 (1)

Gii h (I) v (II), i chiu iu kin ta c nghim ca (1) l T = ( 3; + ) . 3: THTT 2010 Gii phng trnh: 2 log2 x 2 - 4 x + 3 + log 1 ( x - 1) - 2 0
2 2

2 x + 3.2 - x > 1 2 log2 x - 2 log2 ( x + 6 ) > 0 (1) 2 x + 3.2 - x > 1 2 log2 x - 2 log2 ( x + 6 ) > 0

(I)

(II)

Bpt log2 ( x - 1)( x - 3) - 2 log2 x - 1 - 2 0

Bi gii: TX: D = ( -;1) ( 3; + ) .

log2 ( x - 1)( x - 3) - log2 ( x - 1) 2 log2

2

x -3 x -3 2 4 ... x -1 x -1

1 Gii v i chiu iu kin ta c nghim ca (1) l T = ;1 . 3

4: THTT 2010 Gii phng trnh: Bi gii: TX: D = R .

(3 + 2 2 )

-2

2 - 1 - 3 = 0 (1)

(1)

2 +1

2x

-2

2 - 1 - 3 = 0 (*)
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Gio vin: L B BO

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Chuyn M_ LOGARITH t t = Luyn thi i hc 2012

2 +1

>0

2 -1

1 t

Phng trnh (*) tr thnh: t = -1 (loi) 2 t 2 - - 3 = 0 t 3 - 3t - 2 = 0 ( t + 1) t 2 - t - 2 = 0 t t = 2 (nhn)

Vi t = 2 :

2 +1

= 2 x = log

2 +1

2.

5: THTT 2010 Gii phng trnh: log2 x ( x + 9 ) + log2 Bi gii: TX: D = ( -; -9 ) ( 0; + ) .

x+9 = 0 (1) x

x+9 2 = 0 log2 ( x + 9 ) = 0 x = -10 (tha) x 6: THTT 2010 Chng minh rng vi mi s t nhin n (vi n 2 ), ta c: ln 2 n > ln ( n - 1) .ln ( n + 1) (1) log2 x ( x + 9 ) + log2
Bi gii: Vi n = 3 th BT hin nhin ng. Xt n > 3 , khi ln ( n - 1) > 0 v ln n > 0 . BT tng ng vi: Xt hm s f ( x ) =

ln ( n + 1) ln n (1) > ln ( n - 1) ln n

ln x , vi x > 3 l hm nghch bin nn BDDT (1) ng (.p.c.m) ln ( x - 1)

7: THTT 2010 Gii phng trnh: 3x.2 x = 3x + 2 x + 1 (1) Bi gii: TX: D = R . (1) 3x ( 2 x - 1) = 2 x + 1 (*) Nhn xt rng x =

2x + 1 (**) 2x -1 2x + 1 1 1 nghch bin trn mi khong -; , ; + v hm s y = 3x ng Hm s y = 2x -1 2 2 bin trn R nn (**) c nghim x = -1; x = 1 . Kt lun: Vy phng trnh cho c cc nghim l x = -1; x = 1 . 8: THTT 2010 Tm cc gi tr ca x bit rng s hng th su ca khai trin nh thc 3x =
lg(10-3x ) 5 ( x -2 ) lg3 1 3 2 + 2 2 bng 21 v Cn + Cn = 2Cn . Bi gii:
Gio vin: L B BO
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n

1 khng l nghim ca phng trnh (*), nn (*) c dng: 2

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Chuyn M_ LOGARITH 1 3 2 Ta c: Cn + Cn = 2Cn ( n N, n 3) n2 - 9n + 14 = 0 n = 7.
2

Luyn thi i hc 2012

lg(10-3x ) 5 ( x -2 ) lg3 5 lg(10-3x ) +( x -2 ) lg3 5 = 21 2 = 1 10 - 3x .3x -2 = 1 Suy ra: C7 2 . 2 Vy x = 0; x = 2 l yu cu bi ton.

= 6 (1) 9: THTT 2010 Gii phng trnh: 3 Bi gii: 1 TX: D = R \ . 2 Ly logarith c s 3 hai v ca (1) v bin i v dng: ( x - 1) 2 x 2 + x - 1 - log3 2 = 0

x2

x 2 x-1 .2

Kt lun: Nghim phng trnh l x = 1; x =

-1 - 9 + 8log3 2 -1 + 9 + 8log3 2 ;x= . 4 4

10: THTT 2010 Tm GTNN ca biu thc P = log2 x + 1 + log2 y + 1 + log2 z + 4 2 2 2 trong x, y, z l cc s dng tha mn iu kin xyz = 8 . Bi gii: p dng BT:
2 2 2 2 2 2 a1 + b1 + a2 + b2 + a3 + b3

( a1 + a2 + a3 ) 2 + ( b1 + b2 + b3 ) 2

2 2 2 2 Ta c: P = log2 x + 1 + log2 y + 1 + log2 z + 4 log2 xyz + 42 = 5

Suy ra: Pmin = 5 t c khi x = y = 4 8; z = 2 2.

3 x +1 + 2 y +2 = 17.2 y +3 x -1 2 11: THTT 2010 Gii h phng trnh: 2 log 3x + xy + 1 = log 2 Bi gii: 3 x 2 + xy + 1 > 0 iu kin: x + 1 > 0

(1)
2

x +1

(2)

(I)

x = 0 T (2) ca h suy ra: x ( 3x + y - 1) = 0 y = 1 - 3x

Vi x = 0 thay vo (1) ta c: 2 + 4.2 y = 17.2 y -1 2 y =

Vi y = 1 - 3x thay vo (1) ta c: 23 x +1 + 23-3 x = 17. t = 1 3x 2 suy ra y = -2; y = 2. t t = 2 > 0 ta c: 2t - 17t + 8 = 0 t = - 1 2 4 1 Kt lun: Vy h (I) c nghim l 0;log2 ; (1; -2 ) ; - ;2 . 9 2
Gio vin: L B BO
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4 4 y = log2 9 9

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Chuyn M_ LOGARITH
2 2 2

Luyn thi i hc 2012

12: THTT 2010 Gii phng trnh: 64 log4 x = 3.2 log2 x + 3. x log4 x + 4 (1) Bi gii: TX: D = ( 0; + ) . t t = 4 log4 x > 0 th 2 log2 x = t 2 v 64 log4 x = t 3 . (1) tr thnh: ( t - 4 ) t 2 + t + 1 = 0 t = 4 .
2 2 2

Vi t = 4 : 4

log2 x 4

=4

log2 4

x = 4 x =1 x = 1 4

1 Kt lun: Vy nghim ca phng trnh (1) l x = 4; x = . 4

Gio vin: L B BO

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