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Kha hc LTH mn Ha C H

i cng ha hu c

I CNG HA HU C TI LIU BI GING

I. MT S KHI NIM - Hp cht hu c - c im chung ca HCHC : + Thnh phn v cu to : Hp cht hu c nht thit phi cha cacbon. Cc nguyn t cacbon thng lin kt vi nhau ng thi lin kt vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc nh H, O, N, S, P, halogen,... Lin kt ho hc cc hp cht hu c thng l lin kt cng ho tr. + V tnh cht vt l : Cc hp cht hu c thng c nhit nng chy, nhit si thp (d bay hi) v thng khng tan hoc t tan trong nc, nhng tan trong dung mi hu c. + V tnh cht ho hc : a s cc hp cht hu c khi b t th chy, chng km bn vi nhit nn d b phn hu bi nhit. Phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh, thng cn un nng hoc cn c xc tc. - Phng php tch, tinh ch hp cht hu c + Chng ct + Chit + Kt tinh II. PHN LOI V DANH PHP 1. Phn loi - Hirocacbon - Dn xut ca hirocacbon 2. Danh php a) Tn thng thng b) Tn h thng - Tn gc chc : tn phn gc + tn phn nh chc - Tn thay th : Tn thay th Tn phn th Tn mch cacbon chnh Tn phn nh chc (c th khng (bt buc phi c) (bt buc phi c) c) S m 1 mono 2 i 3 tri 4 tetra 5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 eca Mch cacbon chnh C C-C C-C-C C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C met et prop but pent hex hep oct non ec

Khng xut pht t s m

Xut pht t s m

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Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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Kha hc LTH mn Ha C H

i cng ha hu c

I CNG HA HU C BI TP T LUYN
1.Trong cc hp cht : CH4; CHCl3; C2H7N; HCN; HCOONa; C12H22O11; Al4C3; CCl4. S cht hu c l : A. 7 B. 6 C. 8 D. 5 2. T thi Thng c con ngi bit gi l cy chm, cho vo nc, lc ly dung dch mu nhum si vi. Cch lm thuc phng php tch bit v tinh ch no ? A. chit B. chng ct C. kt tinh D. Lc tch 3. Vic nu ru ung thuc vo phng php: A. chng ct B. chit C. Lc D. kt tinh 4. un nng cht hu c A vi axit H2SO4 c th to ra sn phm , m khi cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho kh c mi khai. t chy A, ri cho sn phm hp th vo dung dch AgNO3 th xut hin kt ta trng. Cht A chc chn cha nguyn t : A. N; Cl B. C, H, N, Cl C. C, N, Cl D. C, H, O, N, Cl 5. t chy hon ton 4,65 gam mt cht hu c X bng O2 thu c 13,2 gam CO2 v 3,15 gam H2O. Nu nung 5,58 gam X vi CuO th thu c 672 ml N2 (ktc). Cng thc n gin nht ca X l : A. C6H7N B. C3H3N C. C2H7N D. C2H3NO 6. Cng thc phn t cht hu c no di y c tn ti A. C3H10O B. C4H9O C. C3H9N D. C5H12N 7. Cng thc phn t cht hu c no di y c tn ti ? A. C2H8O B. C3H10O2 C. C4H10O3 D. C3H8O2N 8. Cht X cha : 54,55 % C ; 9,09 % H; 36,36 % O. Mx = 88. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C4H8O2 B. C3H4O3 C. C4H10O D. C5H12O 9. Cht Y c PTK bng 60. Trong m gam Y cha : mc = 2,88 gam; mH = 0,48 gam; mO = 3,84 gam. Cng thc phn t ca Y l A. CH2O B. C3H8O C.C2H4O2 D. C2H6O2 10. Kh t chy 1,50 gam ca mi cht A hoc B hoc D u thu c 0,90 gam nc v 2,2 gam kh CO2. A, B, D : A. L ng dng ca nhau B. L ng phn ca nhau C. C cng cng thc n gin nht D. C cng phn t khi 11. Cht hu c A cha 7,86 % H; 15,73 % N v khi lng. t chy hon ton 2,225 gam A thu c 1,68 lt CO2 (ktc); ngoi ra cn c c hi nc v kh nito. A coa PTK < 100. Cng thc phn t ca A l A. C3H7O2N B. C2H7O2N C. C3H7ON D. C5H14O2N 12. t chy hon ton 200 ml hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) bng 1200 ml O2 ( ly d). Sau phn ng th tch kh cn li 1700 ml sau khi qua dung dch H2SO4 c cn 900 ml v sau khi qua dung dch KOH cn 100 ml. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. cng thc phn t X l A.C4H8O2 B.C3H8O C.C3H6O2 D.C4H8O 13. t chy hon ton 3,0 gam cht hu c X ri dn sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thy xut hin 10 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch ban u gim i 3,8 gam. cng iu kin, th tch hi ca 1,5 gam X bng th tch ca 0,8 gam kh O2. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H6O2 B. C2H4O2 C. C2H6O D. C3H6O2 14. t chy hon ton 2,3 gam cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 2,7 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t cu X l : A. C2H6O2 B. C2H4O2 C. C2H6O D. C3H6O2 15. Cp cht no di y l ng ng ? A. propen ( C3H6) v xyclobutan (C4H8) B. Butan-1,3- dien (C4H6) v propin (C3H4) C. n- butan (C4H10) v isobutan (C4H10) D. benzene (C6H6) v metyl benzene (C 7H8) 16. . Cp cht no di y khng phi l ng ng ? A. propen (C3H6) v CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 B. xiclopropan (C3H6)v xyclobutan (C4H8) C. Butan-1,3-dien (C 4H6) v isoprene (C5H8) D. CH=CH v CH2=C=CH2 17. Phn ng no di y l phn ng cng ? A. nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n B. C6H6 + Br2 C6H5Br + HBr C. CH3-CH2-OHCH2=CH2 + H2O D.CH2=CH-CH2-OH+H2CH3-CH2-CH2-OH 18. Phn ng no di y l phn ng th ? A. (CH3)3COH+HCl (CH3)3C-Cl + H2O B. CH2=CH-COOH+H2 CH3-CH2-COOH C. n CH2=CH2 ( -CH2-CH2-)n D. 3CH4 C2H2 + 3 H2 19. Cu to no di y c ng phn hnh hc ? A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3 B. CH2=CH2 C. CHCl=C(CH3)2 D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2 Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 1 -

Kha hc LTH mn Ha C H

i cng ha hu c

20. Cht X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Cng thc n gin nht ca X l : A. C3H5O2 B. C6H10O4 C. C3H10O2 21. S lin kt xichma ( ) c trong phn t CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH2Cl l : A. 12 B. 13 C. 15 22. S cu to ha hc c cng CTPT C5H12 l : A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 23. S cu to ha hc c cng CTPT C5H10 l : A. 6 B. 10 C. 8

D. C12H20O8 D. 17 D. 5 D. 7 Gio vin: Nguyn Bch H Ngun: Hocmai.vn

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Kha hc LTH mn Ha C H

i cng ha hu c

I CNG HA HU C P N V HNG DN GII BI TP T LUYN


I.P N 1B 11 A 21 C 2D 12 D 22 B 3A 13 B 23 B 4B 14 C 5A 15 D 6C 16 D 7D 17 D 8A 18 A 9C 19 A 10 C 20 A

II.HNG DN GII Cu 1. p n B HD: Cc cht hu c l: CH4; CHCl3; C2H7N; HCOONa; C12H22O11; CCl4 Cu 3. p n A HD: Nu ru l phng php chng ct ngi ta thu c ru 78,30C Cu 4. p n B: HD: Kh mi khai l NH3 vy cht A phi c N v H. Kt ta trng l AgCl nn cht A phi c Cl => A c C,H,Cl,N => B Cu 5. p n A HD: mC = 3,6 gam mH= 0,35 gam Trong 4,65 gam X th th tch N2 l 0,025 mol => mN= 0,7 gam => mO= 0 => CTPT l: . C6H7N Cu 8. p n A HD: Gi cng thc ca X l CxHyOz Ta c x: y: z = 54,55/12 : 9,09/1 : 36,36/16 = 2: 4: 1 MX = 88 => p n A ph hp Cu 9. p n C HD: Gi cng thc ca Y l CxHyOz Ta c x: y: z = 0,24: 0,48: 0,24 => CTDG: (CH2O)n MY = 60 => p n C ph hp Cu 10. p n C HD: Khi t chy cc cht thu c sn phm chy nh nhau th cc cht hu c c cng cng thc n gin Cu 11. p n A HD: Gi cng thc A l CxHyOzNt Trong 2,225 gam A c 0,175 gam H => nH = 0,175 Trong 2,225 gam A c 0,35 gam N => nN = 0,025 nC = 0,075 => mC = 0,9 => mO = 2,225-0,9-0,175-0,35 = 0,8 => nO = 0,05 => x: y: z: t = 0,075: 0,175: 0,05: 0,025 = 3: 7: 2: 1 => A Cu 12. p n D HD: Gi X l CxHyOz Th tch H2O l 800 ml; Th tch CO2 l 800 ml; O2 d l 100 ml p dng nh lut bo ton mol nguyn t => x = 4; y=8 Bo ton O => 200z + 2400 = 1600+ 800+ 200 => z = 1 => C 4H8O Cu 13. p n B HD: Ta c nX = nO2 = 0,025 => MX = 60 => B Cu 14. p n C HD: Gi CTPT ca X l CxHyOz Ta c nCO2 = 0,1; nH2O = 0,15 => nX = 0,05 => MX = 46 => C2H6O => C Cu 21. p n C. S lin kt xichma l s lin kt n Cu 23. p n B. 5 ng phn mch h v 5 ng phn mch vng

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