TRNG IN T DNG

3.1- nh ngha v cc phng trnh Maxwell : a)- nh ngha : Trng in t dng c km phn b dng in khng i trong cc mi trng ng yn trong h qui chiu quan st . y l mt trng hp ring ca trng in t khi cc trng thi trng khng bin i theo thi gian , tc l tn trong mi trng dn .
= 0 nhng vn c qu trnh dng v tiu t

b)- Cc phng trnh Maxwell: trng in t cc phng trnh Maxwell trong cc mi trng s c cc dng sau y . ( Do y Jcd = 0 , nn vit Jd = J cho gn ) .

Trong mi trng dn c : rotE = 0 ; divJ = 0

E vi J = ;

(a)

Trong in mi bao quanh mi trng dn th : rotE = 0 ; divJ = 0 vi D = E ; Bn trong cng nh bn ngoi vt dn :

H rotH = J ; divB = 0 vi B = ;

(b)

(c)

Cc phng trnh dng ( a) v ( b ) nu r : cc trng thi E v D khng ph thuc vo B,H . Do , c th kha st in trng ring l m khng cn gn vi phng trnh t trng . Ngc li theo cc phng trnh dng (c ) th phi kho st t trng gn vi ring s phn b dng in J ( khng cn gn n vi ton b s phn b in trng ) . Vy , c th kho st ring l in trng ri sau l t trng. y, s dn ra nhng quy lut v hin tng c bn , ch n cc thng s tng tc v cc thng s ng lc hc ; ng thi cng dn ra cc phng php tnh v bi ton thng gp trong thc t . V cng cho ngn gn , s vn dng s tng t gia cc bi ton trng dng v trng tnh .