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Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Ngc

Phng php trung bnh

PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH TI LIU BI GING


I. C IM CHUNG CA PHNG PHP TRUNG BNH 1, Khi nim gi tr Trung bnh - L gi tr trung gian i din cho hn hp v l gi tr trung bnh ca tt c cc thnh phn trong hn hp. - Gi tr c tnh theo biu thc:
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X i : i lng ang xt ca thnh phn th i trong hn hp n i : s mol ca thnh phn th i trong hn hp

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- Trong trng hp tt c cc cht trong hn hp u c s mol bng nhau (n1 = n2 = ... = nn) th X l trung bnh cng ca cc Xi:

X1 + X 2 + X3 + ... + X n n - V X l gi tr trung gian, nn ta c tnh cht: min(Xi ) : i lng nh nht trong tt c Xi min(Xi ) X max(Xi ) vi max(Xi ) : i lng ln nht trong tt c Xi 2, Du hiu la chn gi tr Trung bnh - i vi phng php Trung bnh, im mu cht gii quyt c bi ton l phi ch ra c i lng thch hp nht ly gi tr trung bnh. - Nhn chung, i lng c chn ly gi tr trung bnh phi tha mn phn ln trong cc yu cu sau: (4 du hiu) 3, ng dng gi tr Trung bnh vo gii ton Gi tr Trung bnh c 2 ng dng quan trng trong gii ton: -S dng tnh cht ca gi tr Trung bnh xc nh CTPT cc cht - S dng gi tr Trung bnh lm trung gian i din tnh nhanh lng cht ca c hn hp ang xt (m khng cn quan tm n lng cht c th ca tng thnh phn trong hn hp ). II. PHN LOI CC DNG BI TP V PHNG PHP GII 1, Bin lun xc nh cng thc phn t Ty theo i lng c chn ly gi tr trung bnh m ta c th phng php Trung bnh thnh cc dng bi sau: * Dng 1: Phng php KLPT trung bnh p dng cho cc bi ton m cc cht trong hn hp: (cc du hiu) VD1: Cho 1,67 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi 2 chu k lin tip thuc nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II) tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl (d), thot ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Hai kim loi l: A. Be v Mg B. Mg v Ca C. Sr v Ba D. Ca v Sr (Trch thi tuyn sinh H C khi B 2007) VD2: Mt dung dch cha hai axit cacboxylic n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. trung ha dung dch ny cn dng 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1,25M. C cn dung dung dch sau phn ng thu c 3,68 gam hn hp mui khan. Cng thc phn t hai axit l: A. CH3COOH; C3H7COOH B. C2H5COOH; C3H7COOH C. HCOOH; CH3COOH D. CH3COOH; C2H5COOH VD3: Cho hai axit cacboxylic A v B n chc (MA < MB). Trn 20 gam dung dch A 23% vi 50 gam dung dch B 20,64% c dung dch D. trung ho hon ton dung dch D cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,1M. Xc nh cng thc ca A v B? * Dng 2: Phng php s nguyn t C trung bnh p dng cho cc bi ton Ha hu c m cc cht trong hn hp: (cc du hiu) VD1: C V lt kh A gm H2 v hai olefin l ng ng lin tip, trong H2 chim 60% v th tch. Dn hn hp A qua bt Ni nung nng c hn hp kh B. t chy hon ton kh B c 19,8 gam CO2 v 13,5 gam H2O. Gi tr ca V v cng thc phn t ca hai olefin l: A. 11,2 lt; C2H4 v C3H6 B. 6,72 lt; C3H6 v C4H8 C. 8,96 lt; C4H8 v C5H10 D. 4,48 lt; C5H10 v C6H12 VD2: t chy hon ton 3,24 gam hn hp X gm hai cht hu c A, B trong B hn A mt nguyn t C, thu c H2O v 9,24 gam CO2. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 13,5. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A v B? X
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 1 -

Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ha Thy Ngc

Phng php trung bnh

* Dng 3: Phng php s nguyn t Htrung bnh p dng cho cc bi ton Ha hu c m cc cht trong hn hp: (cc du hiu) VD: t chy hon ton 0,672 lt hn hp A gm hai hirocacbon (ktc) c cng s nguyn t cacbon thu c 2,64 gam CO2 v 1,26 gam H2O. Mt khc, khi cho A qua dung dch [Ag(NH3)2]OH ng trong ng nghim thy c kt ta bm vo thnh ng nghim. Cng thc phn t cc cht trong A l: A. C2H4; C2H6 B. C2H2; C2H6 C. C3H4; C3H8 D. C3H4; C3H6 * Dng 4: Phng php s nguyn t C v s nguyn t Htrung bnh p dng cho cc bi ton Ha hu c m cc cht trong hn hp: (cc du hiu) VD1: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp hai hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip ca nhau, thu c 7,168 lt CO2. T khi hi ca hn hp ny vi H2 l 22,4. Bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon cho? VD2: t chy hon ton 2,24 lt hn hp hai hirocacbon l ng ng lin tip ca nhau, thu c 7,84 lt CO2. T khi hi ca hn hp ny vi H2 l 25,2. Bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon cho? * Dng 5: Phng php bt bo hatrung bnh - Mt s khi nim c bn v bt bo ha. - p dng cho cc bi ton Ha hu c m cc cht trong hn hp: (cc du hiu) VD: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) gm hai hirocacbon mch h tc dng va vi 700 ml dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi ton b lng kh b hp th ht th khi lng bnh tng thm 5,3 gam. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l: A. C2H2 v C2H4 B. C2H2 v C3H8 C. C3H4 v C4H8 D. C2H2 v C4H6 * Dng 6: Phng php s nhm chc trung bnh hoc ha tr trung bnh p dng cho cc bi ton Ha hu c m cc cht trong hn hp: (cc du hiu) VD: Nitro ho benzen bng HNO3 c thu c 2 hp cht nitro l A v B hn km nhau 1 nhm NO2. t chy hon ton 2,3 gam hn hp A, B thu c CO2, H2O v 255,8 ml N2 ( 270C v 740mmHg). Tm cng thc phn t ca A, B? p s: C6H5NO2 v C6H4(NO2)2. Hng dn gii: Cch 1: Phng php S nhm chc trung bnh Cch 2: T l nguyn t trung bnh 2, Tnh cc gi tr chung ca c hn hp thng qua gi tr trung bnh VD: em ha hi 6,7 gam hn hp X gm CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, CH3COOCH3 v HCOOC2H5 thu c 2,24 lt hi (ktc). Khi lng nc thu c khi t chy hon ton 6,7 gam X l: A. 4,5 gam B. 3,5 gam C. 5,0 gam D. 4,0 gam M rng cc bin i v phng php trung bnh Hn hp kh v hi A gm: hi ruu etylic, hi ru metylic v kh metan. em t chy hon ton 20 cm3 hn hp A th thu c 32 cm3 kh CO2. Th tch cc kh, hi o trong cng iu kin v nhit v p sut. Kt lun no di y l ng: A. Hn hp A nng hn kh Propan B. Hn hp A nh hn khng kh C. Hn hp A nng hn khng kh D. Hn hp A nng tng ng khng kh Gio vin: V Khc Ngc Ngun: Hocmai.vn

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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