Vietnam Standard

TCVN 6008 - 1995

Pressure equipment Welds Technical requirements and control method

Preamble The Standard TCVN 6008-1995 replaces for Chapter V- Examination on weld of QPVN 23-81, Part V- Examination on weld and Part VI-Hydraulic testing of QPVN2 75. The Standard TCVN 6008-1995 is compiled by Division of Technical Standard TCVN/TC 11 Pressure Equipment, suggested by General Department of Standard Measurement Quality and issued by Department of Science, Technology and Environment

Vietnam Standard Pressure equipment Welds Technical requirements and control method
This standard stipulate technical requirements about welding, heat treatment, control method on welds of pressure equipment This standard is not applied to brazing and soldering. 1. General requirements 1.1 Allowed to use all kinds of welding methods such as: oxy-acetylene welding, electric arc welding, electro slag welding, gas metal arc welding, etc to weld pressured parts of equipment. Welding process, method of examination shall be stipulated in the technical documents of designing organization. 1.2 Only welders with certified qualification for hydraulic equipment welding are allowed to weld the pressured parts of pressure equipment. 1.3 Each welder is allowed to only perform the works stated in the qualification records. 1.4 Weld the parts of pressure equipment only after checking and ensure that fabrication and assembling meet the technical requirements. 1.5 Tack welding rod and welding rod shall be made of the same material. 2. Technical requirements 2.1 Before welding, the edge of welds and the surrounding metal parts shall be cleaned until seeing shining light. The minimum cleaned width is 10mm from each side. 2.2 The slag of previous pass shall be removed before welding the next pass. 2.3If the surrounding temperature is lower than 0oC, any pressured parts shall not be welded for fabrication no matter what kind of steel it is made of and with any depth.

2.4 When butt welding carbon steel pipes of different diameter, allow to expand the small pipes but not exceeding 3% of internal diameter if the small pipe diameter is up to 83mm and its thickness is up to 6mm 2.5 Allow automatic and manual welding on the same weld. Automatic weld, which is added by shield arc metal welding not exceeding 15% of horizontal weld joint, is still regarded as an automatic weld. 2.6 Welding technology shall ensure that stress in the welds do not exceed the permitted value. 2.7 Coefficient of resistance of electric arc welding, oxyacetylene welding is stipulated by designing organization but shall not be greater than the value stated in the table 1 Table 1

Welding technology and method

1. Manual welding Single butt weld without backing Single butt weld with backing Double butt weld Single butt weld without backing Double butt weld

Coefficient of resistance of weld

0.70 0.90 0.95 0.80 1.00

2. Automatic welding

2.8 Weld shall be: a. On external examining and measuring, without: -Crack on the weld surface and fusion metal parts; -Knob, notch, burnt hole, incomplete fusion and other defects; -Curve, misalignment; -Different in size and shape of the weld as well as reinforcement b. On metalographic testing: -Without crack in the melted metal as well as areas of basic metal which is thermally affected; -Without incomplete fusion between passes and edge;

-Without incomplete penetration in the weld root exceeding 15% of the wall thickness or over 3mm if the wall thickness is over 20mm for the products to be single welded; -Without gas pore and slug inclusion exceeding 5stains/cm2, the size of each defect do not exceed 1.5mm and not over 3mm in total; -Without fracture in the composition which reduce resiliency and flexibility of metal. c. On hydraulic testing -No fracture on the weld; -No water leakage; -No visible deformation 2.9 The result of the tensile test, calculated by average sum of the test samples, should not be lower than minimum durability of equivalent calculation, in which no sample is lower than 10% of the minimum durability. 2.10 The result of the bend test shall not be lower than numeric value stated in the table 2. For those parts are made of other materials excluding from the table 2, value of the bend angle shall be stipulated by the designing organization Table 2 Permitted Bending angle (radius) Electrical welding, resistance Oxy-acetylene welding, electro slag welding if welding if the wall the thickness of welded parts thickness not (mm) exceeding 12mm Up to 20 Over 20 100 100 70 80 60 50

Kinds of steel

Carbon steel Alloy steel with low mangan and silic-mangan Alloy steel with low chromemolybdenum and chromemolybdenum -vanadium Alloy steel with high chrome Alloy steel with high chromemolybdenum

50 50 100

40 40 100

30 30 30

2.11 The resistance numeric value against strike of the weld metal shall not be lower than the stipulated numeric value in the table 3

Environment temperature on test, oC 20 Lower than 0

Table 3 The smallest Resistance value against strike of the weld For all kinds of steel except For austenite steel austenite steel 49.05 68.67 19.62 29.43

2.12 Heat treatment for weld a. The bellow case shall pass heat treatment after welding -Welding alloy steel with thickness from 10mm upwards -Welding carbon steel with 0.27% of carbon in volume with 35mm upwards in thickness -When welding carbon steel with over 0.27% carbon regardless of thickness, the designer shall stipulate. b. Regulation of heat treatment and method of heat treatment are stipulated by the designer c. Heat treatment is allowed for each weld separately or with pressured parts, but heat treatment shall be done before checking the weld quality. 3. Checking the quality of weld 3.1 General requirements

3.1.1 Manufacturer, assembler, repairer shall check the quality of weld done by them for the pressured parts. 3.1.2 The quality of weld shall be checked by one, some or all of the following methods, depending on type of welds and working specifications of equipment -External examination, applied to all kinds of welds. -Detect defects by ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing. -Destructive testing, metalographic testing. -Hydraulic testing, applied to all kinds of welds. 3.1.3 Beside methods specified in article 3.1.2, welds must be examined by other methods if regulated by manufacturing technical requirements. 3.2 Surface test 3.2.1 Surface test and measurement shall be made on two sides of welds length. When it is impossible to examined inside surface, only outside surface is enough.

3.2.2 Welds surface and metal closed two sides of weld must be cleaned before examining. It required to be cleaned with 20mm in width. 3.3 Destructive test Destructive test must includes: Tensile test, Bend test (for pile, press test can be taken instead of bend test) Impact test, 3.3.2 Beside three kinds of test mentioned in article 3.3.1, depending on requirements on manufacturing, technique and operating, other destructive tests may be added such as hardness test, charpy notch test 3.3.3 Tensile test must be taken according to Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5403-1991. It is not compulsory to taken tensile test for horizontal weld, which was 100%, examined by ultrasonic test. 3.3.4 Bend test (press test) must be taken according to requirement of Vietnamese standard TCVN 5401-1991. Pressure bend test can replace for pipe with diameter lower than 100mm and the edges thickness lower than 12mm. 3.3.5 Impact test must be taken according to Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5402-1991. 3.3.6 Test pieces dimension for destructive test is in accordance with Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5400-1991. 3.3.7 Quantity of welds for test in comparison with same kind welds of one welder is: 1% for carbon steel or low alloy steel. 2% for austenite alloy steel but not less than one weld joint for each welder. 3.3.8 Dimension of patch, pipe for test must be enough for cutting required test pieces. 3.3.9 From weld or test piece should be taken: 02 tensile test pieces 02 bend test pieces (or press test) 03 impact test pieces 3.3.10 Weld product and weld in plate (pipe) for test must be done by one welder in the same conditions. 3.3.11 Weld test piece (product) will not be accepted if with any kind of test, one result showing figure on bend angle and durability is above 10% lower than regulated figure 3.3.12 When result of any kind of test does not meet the requirement, the second test should be done at that kind of test with doubled number of test samples from one plate (or pipe) examined by the old welder. 3.3.1 Destructive test shall be done to check welds durability and endurance.

3.3.13 Welding Sample (product) shall be removed if result of one of the second sample is not satisfactory. 3.4 Ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing (gamma, X-ray)

3.4.1 Welds shall be examined by Ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing to detect the inside defects which cannot be visually recognized. 3.4.2 Ultrasonic examination shall be carried out according to requirements in Standard Vietnam Standard 1548-1987 Non destructive weld examination Ultrasonic method. 3.4.3 Radiographic examination shall be performed in accordance with Vietnam Standard 4395-1986. Non destructive weld examination Examination of metal welds by X-ray and gamma ray 3.4.4 The quantity of welds examined by ultrasonic or radiographic shall not be smaller than quantity stated in table 4 The length ratio need to be checked against total length, or quantity of welds of pipes need to be checked against quantity of weld, %

Usage and working specifications of equipment

-Maintenance, transport of explosive and 100 high exotic substances -Working with pressure higher than 50at at 100 temperature higher than 200oC and smaller than 70oC -Working with pressure up to 50at and in 50 the temperature limit between 70oC and +200oC -Working with pressure up to 16at and wall 25 temperature from 40oC to +200oC

3.4.5 Allowed to reduce the quantity examined by ultrasonic and radiographic if permitted by steam boiler inspector.

3.4.6 The result of ultrasonic weld examination is evaluated according to Standard Vietnam Standard 1548-1987; radiographic examination under Vietnam Standard 4395-1986 3.4.7 Allowed to replace the method of ultrasonic and radiographic defect detect by other non destructive method if approved by steam boiler inspector 3.5 Metalographic testing 3.5.1 Metalographic testing shall be done in the following cases: Weld at parts with working temperature higher than 150oC and pressure higher than 40at Welds at parts with working pressure higher than 50at at any temperature Nozzles (if ultrasonic testing and radiographic testing are impossible) with working pressure higher than 40at. Longitudinal stiffening and stiffening on the pipe. 3.5.2 Specimen quantity: - Minimum one specimen for carbon steel. - Minimum two specimens for alloy steel. 3.5.3 The method of taking specimens, size, and shape of test pieces shall be in accordance with the technical requirements stipulated in the current standards. 3.5.4 When the result of metalographic testing is not satisfactory, there shall be the second test on 2 specimens from the product weld. The weld is considered as unsatisfactory if the 2nd testing do not meet requirement. 3.5.5 Those welds which meet requirement on ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing but the metalographic testing is not satisfactory, 100% of welds shall be examined by the non-destructive methods already used. 3.6 Hydraulic test

3.6.1 The welds of pressured parts of pressure equipment shall be hydraulic tested by water or other liquids of equivalent characteristics. 3.6.2 Pressure of hydraulic testing must be in accordance with the value in the table 5. 3.6.3 The duration of maintaining at test pressure is 5 minutes. Working pressure P, Kg/cm2 P up to 5 P over 5 (1)

Equipment Container (except cast container), steam boiler Container (except cast container), steam boiler Heat exchanger (1)

Testing pressure, Kg/cm2 2P but not smaller than 2kg/cm2 1.5P but not smaller than 10kg/cm2 According to testing pressure calculation of steam boiler According to testing pressure calculation of steam boiler 2P but not smaller than 3kg/cm2 1.5P but not smaller than 3kg/cm2

Water Warmer (2)

(2)

Connecting pipes, heat receiving pipes when testing each pipe Cast container

Not depending on pressure

(1) Pressure P is working pressure of steam boiler when go out of the heat exchanger. (2) Closed water warmer: Pressure P is working pressure of the water warmer. Unclosed water warmer: Pressure P is working pressure of the steam boiler.