NG DNG K THUT GMPLS TRONG CHUYN MCH BO V TRONG MNG LI QUANG CA VIN THNG VIT NAM

Hong Thnh Minh Sinh vin cao hc, Khoa in t vin thng, i hc Khoa hc T Nhin Tp. H Ch Minh Email: hoangthanhminh@gmail.com TS. L Quang Tun Cng ty Vin thng Lin tnh VTN Email: lqtuan.vtn2@vnpt.vn

Tm tt - Cng ngh GMPLS gip thit lp cc tuyn d phng, ti nh tuyn bo v din ra

mt cch t ng khi c s c t cp quang, p ng c cht lng dch v, s dng mt cch hiu qu ti nguyn mng. Bi bo ny lm r tng ng dng GMPLS vo mt mng truyn dn NG-SDH nhm tng kh nng linh ng trong vic thit lp cc tuyn (vng RING) d phng, m bo chuyn mch bo v cho n khi ch cn 1 tuyn quang, khc phc nhc im ca NG-SDH khi c nhiu hn 1 s c tuyn tryn dn xy ra. T kha: GMPLS, NG-SDH, ti nh tuyn, bo v, phc hi, OSPF-TE, RSVP-TE

Gii thiu
GMPLS [3] s dng khi nim chuyn mch nhn c pht trin t MPLS, nh tuyn, chuyn mch lung d liu bc sng v cc ti tin VC-xy. Hin nay, mng truyn ti ghp bc sng quang DWDM/SDH kt ni gia cc tnh ti pha Bc Vit nam ang khai thc h thng vin thng s dng cng ngh GMPLS. Mng quang vi k thut ghp knh theo bc sng, mi tuyn (bc sng) c dung lng ln n 40Gbps v thm ch 100Gbps hin ti c chuyn t tp im im hoc Ring sang tp li v cu hnh NG-SDH khng p ng c tp li ny. Ta xem xt mt tuyn truyn dn SDH c tp mch vng RING (SNCP, MSP, BLSR) [6] in hnh nh sau:

Hnh 1: M hnh mch vng 4 si quang SDH BLSR[6]

Mi nt mng trong mch vng c kt ni vi 2 nt mng lin k qua 2 si quang. M hnh ny c kh nng bo v cc s c v kt ni hoc nt mng v dch v c phc hi nhanh (Hnh 1.b). Tuy nhin, m hnh ny ch p ng khi ch c 1 s c ti 1 thi im (Hnh 1.c).

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Lu rng t gc nhn GMPLS th ta vn ang ni v mt lin kt. C 2 ng A-B-C-D v AB-A-F-E-D-C-D u c qung b trong TE domain nh mt TE link gia 2 nt mng GMPLS l A v D. Cc nt mng B, C, E, F ch l mt phn ca h thng truyn dn cung cp kt ni cho mng GMPLS. Nu khng c GMPLS, khi s c xy ra gia nt B v C, theo c ch chuyn mch bo v ca SDH th tuyn mi A-B-A-F-E-D-C-D s c s dng truyn d liu t A n D. Tuy nhin nu lin kt gia nt E v F tip tc b s c th lc ny SDH hon ton mt lin lc. Trong trng hp s dng GMPLS, cc ng lin kt chnh v ng d phng u c xem nh cc TE Link. GMPLS s cn c vo yu cu bng thng ca SDH thit lp cc TE link d phng (thit lp LSP tc cc ring mi) v chuyn d liu SDH trn cc LSP ny. Nh vy, GMPLS cho php ch cn 1 tuyn quang m vn cung cp c dch v. Hay ni cch khc, GMPLS cho php chuyn mch bo v trn 1 node vi s lng tuyn quang nhiu hn 2 (trong trng hp SDH nh nu trn) v ch b gii hn bi s lng tuyn quang kt ni vo trong node.

Cc nghin cu lin quan

Hin ti c rt nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v GMPLS cng nh ng dng ca GMPLS trong mng vin thng a lp. Ta c th lit k ra vi hng nghin cu in hnh sau: Hng nghin cu tp trung vo QoS v Traffic Engineering. Vic nghin cu nhm ti u ha vic s dng ti nguyn mng nh cc bc sng, cc b chuyn i bc sng v nng cao cht lng dch v. Mt s nghin cu ra cch tip cn mi v TE nh chuyn ti d liu trn nhiu ng khc nhau da trn cc thng tin phn hi trng thi ca mng. Cc nghin cu ch yu tp trung vo QoS vi cc iu kin kt hp t cc lp mng khc nhau [1]. Hng nghin cu tp trung vo vic bo v v phc hi s c mng. Trong ta nhn thy hng nghin cu v bo v v phc hi s c mng da trn tnh cht ca mng a lp l ng quan tm nht. V d vic bo v v phc hi c th din ra tng lp hoc kt hp thng tin c cc lp khc nhau. C th, khi mt kt ni c s c, vic phc hi c th ch din ra lp IP/MPLS hoc din ra lp WDM hoc kt hp c 2 lp. Kt qu nghin cu s l cc thut ton nh tuyn phc hi v cc thng s nh xc sut li, thi gian cn phc hi tuyn, v.v Ngoi ra c mt s nghin cu v nh hng ca GMPLS ln m hnh tp mng khi thit k [7]. Hin c 2 hng nghin cu chnh l trin khai GMPLS cho mng SDH/WDM v IP/WDM [8]. Hin nay GMPLS s dng li cc giao thc mi nht trong MPLS-TE nh OSPF-TE v RSVPTE. C th xem y l cc giao thc c s s dng trong GMPLS. hiu r hn v cc giao thc ny ta s s dng chng trnh m phng NS-2 [5] lm cng c m phng chnh.

M phng ng dng trong bo v v phc hi cc vng RING SDH s dng cng ngh GMPLS
Cc nt 4 n 16 l nhng nt GMPLS c chc nng chy RSVP-TE, OSPF-TE, cc nt 0 n 3, 17 n 20 l nhng nt IP thng thng. Bng thng kt ni l 200Mbps ngoi tr bng thng trn cc kt ni 4-5 v 4-6 l 400Mbps. Tr truyn dn trn mi chng l 10ms. 2 ngun 0 v 1 pht vi tc STM-1 (155Mbps) cc gi c kch thc bng 1 khung SDH (9x90 Bytes). D y l mt t p mng c cu trc li tuy nhin lp truyn ti SDH s cu hnh cc vng ring trn h tng mng truyn dn ny v gi yu cu cho lp iu khin trong GMPLS thit lp cc LSP tha mn. Vi mng truyn dn c (cha c GMPLS), ngi qun tr SDH cu hnh chn 1 ring, v d: 4-5-16-10-9-4, v tin hnh truyn d liu trong cc khung SDH trn ring ny. Khi 1
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phn on kt ni trong ring b s c, d liu s c chuyn tip trn phn cn li ca ring thng qua c ch phc hi ca SDH. Nu phn cn li ny ca Ring cng tip tc b s c trong khi s c trc cha c khc phc th ta hon ton mt lin lc gia u pht v thu. GMPLS ng vai tr lp iu khin cung cp dch v truyn ti cho lp SDH. GMPLS s dng OSPF-TE [2], RSVP-TE [4] xc nh tuyn, chn cc tuyn d phng khi vng Ring SDH. Vi kh nng nh tuyn, bo hiu thit lp ti nguyn mng (l cc tuyn quang), GMPLS gip lp truyn dn SDH khc phc c nhc im nu trn.

C D Hnh 2: Qa trnh chuyn mch, thit lp cc vng RING mi do GMPLS cung cp cho SDH. 2 lung d liu c gn vo cc LSP tha mn iu kin bng thng. Tuyn 4-5 c bng thng p ng cho c 2 lung d liu nn vn c cc LSP chn (hnh 2.a) Ta ch n lung d liu t nt 1 n nt 18 (th hin bng nt t mu xanh). y l mt lung d liu c phc v bi dch v truyn dn SDH. Lc ny vng ring SDH l 4-5-8-16-10-9-4. Khi kt ni quang 8-16 b s c (t cp th hin bng nt mu trong hnh), lung SDH s c ti nh tuyn sang phn cn li ca vng ring, tc i theo tuyn 4-9-10-16 (hnh 2.b) Vng Ring b s c, chuyn sang LSP d phng 4-9-10-16, ng thi thit lp mt LSP d phng (4-6-11-14-16) to thnh mt Ring mi (4-9-10-16-14-11-6-4). Nu khng c GMPLS, lp truyn ti SDH s t thc hin iu ny. Tuy nhin nu trn tuyn d phng ny li tip tc c s c t cp, chng hn ti lin kt 10-16 th SDH s mt hon ton kt ni. Nu s dng GMPLS, th GMPLS s thit lp mt LSP d phng (xem nh mt phn ca Ring phc v cho SDH). Trong trng hp trn l LSP i theo tuyn 4-6-11-14-16 v ta c mt ring SDH mi l 4-9-10-16-14-11-6-4.

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Tip tc, 1 phn Ring ny b s c ti lin kt gia nt 10 v 16 v tip l s c ti lin kt gia nt 14 v 16, GMPLS s chuyn mch bo v lung SDH sang phn ring d phng (LSP d phng) (Hnh 2.c v Hnh 2.d) Vic thit lp cc LSP (cc vng RING SDH) c thc hin t ng thng qua OSPF-TE v RSVP-TE. OSPF-TE s chn cc tuyn ngn nht, tha mn iu kin bng thng.

Hnh 3: Kt qu m phng chuyn mch bo v GMPLS cho dch v SDH. (A) Thng lng ca 2 lung d liu trong sut qu trnh truyn, (B) Thi gian phc hi qua cc ln chuyn mch bo v Mi ln thc hin chuyn mch bo v, d liu truyn b mt nh trong hnh v. Tuyn chuyn mch bo v cng di th d liu mt cng nhiu. Trong bi m phng ny, thng s ta quan tm ch yu l thi gian phc hi tuyn nu thc hin chuyn mch bng GMPLS tc khi c s c trn c 2 pha vng RING SDH (Khi ny SDH khng c kh nng chuyn mch phc hi). Thi gian gin on l khong thi gian tnh t thi im nt thu nhn c gi cui cng khi bt u c hin tng rt gi cho n thi im m nt thu bt u nhn li cc gi tin bnh thng. kho st chi tit, ta chia thnh 2 giai on l: Phc hi 1 phn: tnh t thi im u thu khng nhn c gi n khi nhn li c gi. Phc hi ton phn: tnh t thi im u thu khng nhn c gi n khi tc nhn n nh tr li nh lc u.

Hnh 4: 2 giai on phc hi sau khi ti nh tuyn chuyn mch bo v (lung 2): phc hi 1 phn t 8.00 n 8.030s; phc hi ton phn t 8.00 n 8.050s So snh vi thi gian chuyn mch theo tiu chun SDH l nh hn 50ms th thi gian chuyn mch do GMPLS iu khin hon ton p ng c iu ny. Ring trng hp phc hi ln 3 c thi gian hi phc hon ton ln hn 50ms c th gii thch do tng c ly truyn dn di (tng cng 8 chng, mi chng c tr 10ms (tnh cho c tng thi gian x l v truyn dn) th tr

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ton tuyn l 80ms, tng ng vi khong cch l 80000km (1 micro giy truyn 1km), dn n cc b m c th b trn. Mt thng s kh quan trng khc l Jitter. Jitter ti a theo tiu chun m dch v video cho php l 30ms v dch v thoi cho php l 20ms (tiu chun VoIP). So snh vi kt qu m phng l 12.2458ms, ta thy GMPLS hon ton p ng cc tiu chun v cht lng dch v.

Kt lun
Cng ngh GMPLS gii quyt khuyt im ca h thng truyn dn SDH l b gii hn trong cc tp mng RING (mch vng) v tn dng c cc u im ca mt mng MESH (hnh li). Qua phn m phng, ta cng thy c rng GMPLS p ng cho cc yu cu cao v QoS tng t ca mng truyn dn SDH. Thng th khi s c xy ra trn 1 phn ca vng RING, SDH s thc hin chuyn mch bo v theo c ch ca mnh trc. Sau GMPLS s bo hiu v thit lp LSP mi thit lp mt vng RING SDH mi. Vng RING SDH ny c t trn mt mng truyn dn c tp hnh li. iu ny va m bo cht lng chuyn mch bo v m SDH cung cp, va m bo s linh ng khi thit lp cc RING (LSP) do GMPLS m nhn trong mt phng bo hiu. Ngoi ra s ln chuyn mch bo v ch b gii hn bi s lng tuyn quang. iu ny cng tr nn c ngha khi s lng bc sng ln n 80 v 40GBs/lambda trong h thng ghp bc sng quang DWDM hin nay ca mng vin thng Vit nam. Do , ch GMPLS mi m bo c mng c thi gian nh tuyn, thi gian chuyn mch bo v theo yu cu cc Khuyn ngh ca ITU-T.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Freek Dijkstra, Bert Andree, Karst Koymans, Jeroen van der Ham, Cees de Laat, A MultiLayer Network Model Based on ITU-T G.805. 2007 [2] K. Kompella and Y. Rekhter, OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), RFC 4203 (Proposed Standard), Oct. 2005. [Online]. Available: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4203.txt [3] L. Berger, Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-Trafc Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions, RFC 3473 (Proposed Standard), Jan. 2003, atualizadapelas RFCs 4003, 4201, 4420. [Online]. Available: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3473.txt [4] L. Berger, Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-Trafc Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions, RFC 3473 (Proposed Standard), Jan. 2003, atualizadapelas RFCs 4003, 4201, 4420. [Online]. Available: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3473.txt [5] NS-2. The Network Simulator - ns-2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/. [cited 2009 November]; Available from:

[6] Piet Demeester, Jean-Philippe Vasseur, Mario Pickavet,, Protection and Restoration of Optical, SONET-SDH, IP, and MPLS, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2004. [7] Panita Pongpaibool and Hyong S. Kim, Impacts of GMPLS on Topology Design and Protection Planning of Survivable IP-over-Optical Networks. 2004.

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[8] Qiang Song, Zhaoming Li, and Ibrahim Habib, Value-added proposition of the GMPLS control plane in IP optical networks, Vol. 4, No. 12, JOURNAL OF OPTICAL NETWORKING. 2005.

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