Ti liu n thi H-C GII TON V AMIN AMINO PROTIT.

Chuyn :

1. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c 1,12 lt N2 ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 6,3g H2O v MX = 89. CTPT ca X l: A. C3H5O2N B. C3H7O2N C. C3H7O2N2 D. C4H9O2N. Gii. Do sn phm chy gm CO2, H2O, N2 nn X cha C, H, N v c th c O Gi CTPT ca X l: XxHyOzNt CxHyOzNt + (x+ 0,1 mol Theo bi ra:

y z - ) O2 4 2
0,1x

xCO2 + 0,05y

y H2O + 2
0,05t

t N2.

6,72 0,3 x 3 22,4 6,3 n H 2 O = 0,05y = 0,35 y 7 18 1,12 n N 2 = 0,05t = 0,05 t 1 22,4
n CO 2 = 0,1x = Vi MX = 89 z = 2. CTPT ca X l: C3H7O2N. 2. Hp cht X gm cc nguyn t C, H, O, N vi t l khi lng tng ng l 24: 5: 16: 14. Bit phn t X c hai nguyn t N. CTPT ca X l: A. CH4ON2 B. C3H8ON2 C. C3H8O2N2 D. C4H10O2N2. Gii. CTPT ca X l: CxHyOzNt. Ta c: x:y:z:t=

24 12

5 16 14 1 16 14

2 : 5 :1:1

CTGN l C2H5ON CTTN : (C2H5ON)n. Do phn t cha hai nghuyn t N nn n = 2. CTPT l C4H10O2N2. 3. X l mt amin n chc bc nht cha 23,73% nit. CTPT ca X l: A. C3H5NH2 B. C4H7NH2 C. C3H7NH2 Gii. Gi CTPT ca amin l CxHyN. Ta c:

D. C5H9NH2.

mN mC m H

14 12x y

23,73 76,27

12 x

45

x 1 2 3 y 33 21 9 Cp nghim tho mn l: x = 3; y = 9. CTPT ca amnin n gin: C3H7NH2. 4. Cho 0,1 mol cht X ( C2H8O3N2, M = 108) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 5,7g B. 12,5g C. 15g D. 21,8g. Gii. C2H5NH3NO3 + NaOH C2H5NH2 + NaNO3. 0,1 0,1 0,1 Cht kh lm xanh qu m l: CH3CH2NH2. Cht rn gm 0,1 mol NaNO3 v 0,1 mol NaOH d. m rn = 0,1. 85 + 0,1.40 = 12,5g. 5. Mt amino axit cha 46,6% C; 8,74% H; 13,59% N cn li l O. CTGN trng vi CTPT. CTPT ca amino axit l: A. C3H7O2N B. C4H9O2N C. C4H7O2N D. C5H9O2N. Gii. %O = 100 (46,6 + 8,74 + 13,59) = 31,07%. Gi CTPT ca amino axit l: CxHyOzNt.

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Ta c: x:y:z:t=

Chuyn :

46,6 12

8,74 1

31,07 13,59 3,88 : 8,74 : 1,94 : 0,97 16 14

= 4 : 9 : 2 : 1. CTPT trng vi CTGN nn CTPT l: C4H9O2N. 6. A l - amino axit cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm - COOH. Cho 8,9g A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 12,55g mui. CTCT ca A l:

A. CH3 - CH - COOH NH2 C. CH3 - CH2 - CH - COOH NH2

B. CH2 - CH2 - COOH NH2 D. CH3 - CH - CH2 - COOH NH2

Gii. CTPT ca aminoaxit l: HOOC R NH2. HOOC R NH2 + HCl HOOC R NH3Cl. Ta c:

R 61 8,9
CTCT:

R 97,5 12,55

R 28

R c th l: -- CH2 CH2 hoc CH3 CH V l - aminoaxit nn R: CH3 CH --.

CH3 - CH - COOH NH2

7. Amino axit X cha 1 nhm - COOH v 2 nhm NH2 . Cho 1 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c 154g mui. CTPT v CTCT c th c ca X l:

A. C4H10N2O2 : CH2 - CH - CH2 - COOH NH2 NH2 C. C6H14N2O2 : CH2 - (CH2)3 - CH - COOH NH2 NH2

B. C5H12N2O2 : CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH - COOH NH2 NH2 D. C5H10N2O2 : CH2 - CH = CH - CH - COOH NH2 NH2

Gii. Gi CTPT ca X l: CxHy(NH2)2COOH. Ptp: CxHy(NH2)2COOH + NaOH CxHy(NH2)2COONa + H2O. 1 mol 1 mol. Ta c: 12x + y + 16.2 + 67 = 154 12x + y = 55. Nghim ng: x = 4; y = 7. CTPT: C5H12N2O2. 8. X l - amino axit cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm - COOH. Cho 8,9g X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c dung dch Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y cn dng 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Cng thc ng ca X l:

A. CH3 - CH - COOH NH2 C. CH2 - CH2 - COOH NH2

B. CH3 - CH2 - CH - COOH CH3 NH2 D. CH3 - C - COOH NH2

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Gii.
CTCT X : Ptp-: R - CH - COOH NH2 R - CH - COOH + HCl NH2 R - CH - COOH +2 NaOH NH3Cl HCl d- + NaOH R - CH - COOH

Chuyn :

(1) (2) (3)

NH3Cl R - CH - COOH + NaCl + H2O NH2 NaCl + H2O

n NaOH = 0,3 mol. n HCl = 0,2 mol. T (1), (2) ta thy: HCl d v nu HCl va hoc thiu th n NaOH Gi x l s mol ca X. t (1), (2), (3) ta c: x + (0,2 x ) = 0,3 x = 0,1 mol. M X = R + 74 =

2.0,2 = 0,4 mol.

8,9 89 0,1

R = 15

R: CH3 -

CTPT ca X l: CH3CH(NH2)COOH. 9. Mt aminoaxit Y cha 1 nhm COOH v 2 nhm - NH2. Cho 1 mol Y tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 205g mui khan. CTPT ca Y l: A. C4H10N2O2 B. C5H12N2O2 C. C6H14N2O2 D. C5H10N2O2. Gii. Gi CTPT ca Y l: CxHy2COOH(NH2). Ptp: CxHyCOOH(NH2)2 + HCl CxHyCOOH(NH3Cl)2 . 1 mol 1 mol. Ta c: 12x + y + 45 + 2.52,5 = 205 12x + y = 55. Nghim ng: x = 4; y = 7. CTPT: C5H12N2O2. 10. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 amin bc I, mch h, no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c CO 2 v H2O vi t l s mol n CO 2 : nH 2 O = 1:2. Hai amin c CTPT ln lt l: A. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2 B. C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2 C. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2 D. C4H9NH2 v C5H11NH2. Gii. Gi cng thc phn t ca hai amin n chc , no l: C n H 2n 1 NH2. C n H 2n 1 NH2 + ( mol Ta c: n CO 2 : n H 2 O = n :

4n 3 )O2 2

n CO2 +
1

2n 3 H2O. 2
2.

2n 3 1: 2 2

n = 1,5.

Hai amin cn tm l: CH3NH2 v CH3CH2NH2. 11. t chy hon ton m gam mt amin bc I X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6g CO 2; 12,6g H2O v 69,44 lt kh N2 (ktc). X c CTPT l: A. C2H5NH2 B. C3H7NH2 C. CH3NH2 D. C4H9NH2. Gii. Gi CTPT ca X l CxHyNt. CxHyNt + ( x + a mol n CO 2 = ax = n O2

y ) 4 y a( x+ ) 4

xCO2 + ax

17,6 0,4 mol. (1) 44 y 1,4 = ax + = 0,4 + 0,75 mol. 4 4

y t H2O + N2 . 2 2 y t a a . 2 2 y 12,6 n H2 O = a = 2 18

(*)

0,7

ay 1,4 mol. (2)

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

n N 2 = n N 2 khng kh + n N 2 (*)

4.n O 2 + at/2 = 4.0,075 + a.

t 69,44 = 3,1. 2 22,4

at = 0,2. (3). T (1), (2), (3) ta c: x : y : t = 0,4 : 1,4 : 0,2 = 2 : 7 : 1. CTGN : C2H7N. CTN: (C2H7N)n . Nghim thch hp l: n = 1. V amin bc I nn CPT l: CH3CH2NH2. 12. t chy mt amin no, n chc bc hai X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l s mol n CO 2 :nH 2 O = 2: 3. Tn ca X l: A. Etylamin B. Etylmetylamin C. trietylamin D. imetylamin. Gii. CTPT amin no, c chc: CnH2n+3N. CnH2n+3N + mol n CO 2 : nH 2 O = n :

4n 3 O2 2

n CO2 + 2

2n 3 1 H2O + N2. 2 2
3.

CTPT: C3H9N. V amin bc hai nn c CTCT: CH3CH2 NH CH3: etyl metyl amin. 13. t chy a mol 1 aminoaxit c 2a mol CO2 v a/2 mol N2. CTCT ca aminoaxit l: A. H2NCH2COOH B. H2N[CH2]2COOH C. H2N[CH2]3COOH D. H2NCH[COOH]2. Gii. CTPT ca amino axit: CxHyOzNt. CxHyOzNt n CO 2 = ax = 2a n H 2 O = a.
O2

2n 3 =2:3 2

n = 3.

xCO2 +

y t H2O + N2. 2 2

x=2 t=1

X c hai nguyn t C. X c mt nguyn t N.

t 1 = .a 2 2

X : H2NCH2COOH. 14. A l mt - amino axit no, c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh, cha 1 nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH. Khi t chy hon ton mt mol A th thu c hn hp kh trong 4,5 mol < nCO 2 < 6 mol. CTCT ca A l:

COOH A. H2N - CH - CH - CH3 COOH NH2 C. CH2 - CH - CH2 - COOH COOH

Gii. Gi CTPT ca amino axit trn l: CnH2n 1 (NH2)(COOH)2. O2 CnH2n 1 (NH2)(COOH)2 (n + 2) CO2 1 mol (n + 2) mol. Theo bi ra ta c: 4,5 < n + 2 < 6 n = 3. CTPT ca amino axit l: C3H5(NH2)(COOH)2. CTCT ca amino axit no, mch thng khng phn nhnh l:

NH2 B. HOOC - CH - CH2 - COOH

D.

H2N - CH - CH2 - CH2 - COOH COOH

HOOC - CH - CH2 - CH2 - COOH NH2

A khng hp l v mch cacbon phn nhnh.

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

15. S gam axit metacrylic X v metanol Y dng iu ch 150g metylmetacrylat vi hiu sut 60% l: A. 86g axit metacrylic v 32g metanol. B. 215g axit metacrylic v 80g metanol. C. 172g axit metacrylic v 48g metanol. D. 129g axit metacrylic v 64g metanol. Gii. Phng trnh phn ng:

CH2 = C - COOH + CH3OH CH3

86g xg 32g yg

CH2 = C - COOCH3 + H2O CH3

100g 150.

Khi lng axit metacrylic l: x =

100 g 60

Khi lng ca metanol l: y=

86.150 100 . 215 (g). 100 60

16. Mt on t capron (nilon - 6) c khi lng l 2,494g. S mt xch ca on t l: A. 133. B. 1,743.10 20 . C. 0,133.10 23 . D. 0,133.1019. Gii. Mch capron c dng: [ - NH (CH2)5 CO ] n. Phn t khi ca mt mt xich t: M = 113 vC. Khi lng ca on mch t l: m = 113.n. vC = 113.n. (0,166.10 23) g. [ 1 vC =

150.32 100 . 80 (g). 100 60

1 1 ( 6. mp + 6. mn) = (6.0,6726.10-- 23 + 6. 0,6748.1023) = 0,166.1023(g)]. 12 12

Theo bi ra ta c: m = 113n.0,166.1023 (g) = 2,494 (g) n = 0,133.1023 mt xch. 17. Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit A 0,2M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt khc, 100 ml dung dch A trn tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Bit A c t khi vi H2 l 52. CTPT ca A l: A. (H2N)2C2H3COOH . B . H2NC2H3(COOH)2. C. (H2N)2C2H2(COOH)2. D. H2NC3H5(COOH)2. Gii. n A = 0,02 mol; n NaOH = 0,08.0,25 = 0,02 mol; n HCl = 0,08.0,5 = 0,04 mol. Do nA = nNaOH A c cha 1 nhm COOH. n HCl = 2nNaOH A c cha hai nhm - NH2. CTPT ca A: R(NH2)2(COOH)2. MA = 52.2 = 104 R = 27 R: C2H3. CTCT: NH2C2H3(COOH)2. 18. Mt amino axit no X tn ti trong t nhin (cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH). Cho 0,89g X phn ng va vi HCl to ra 1,255g mui. CTCT ca X l: A. H2NCH2COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. H2NCH2CH2COOH D. B v C ng. Gii. CTPT X: CnH2n(NH2)(COOH). CnH2n(NH2)(COOH)2 + HCl CnH2n(NH3Cl)(COOH). 0,89g 1,255.

14n 60 14n 96,5 0,89 1,255

n 2.

CTPT X: C2H4(NH2)(COOH). Cch khc: C 1 mol X chuyn thnh mui khi lng tng 36,5 g. C x mol . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1,255 0,89 = 0,365 g.

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

0,365 0,01 mol. 36,5 0,89 MA= 89 n = 2. 0,01

nA = CTPT X: C2H4(NH2)(COOH). 19. Cho X 0,01 mol amino axit X tc dng va ht 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M v thu c 1,835g mui khan. Mt khc, 0,01 mol X tc dng va vi 25g dung dch NaOH 3,2% . CTCT ca X l: A. H2NC3H6COOH B. H2NC2H5COOH C. H2NC3H5(COOH)2. D. (H2N)2C3H4(COOH)2. Gii. n HCl = 0,125.0,08 = 0,01 mol; n NaOH =

25.3,2 0,02 mol. 100.40

n HCl = n X X c cha 1 nhm NH2. n NaOH = 2.n X X c cha hai nhm - COOH. CTPT ca X: R(NH2)(COOH)2. R(NH2)(COOH)2 + HCl R(NH3Cl)(COOH)2 + H2O. Mmui = R + 52,5 + 2. 45 =

1,835 = 183,5 0,01

R = 41

R: C3H5.

CTCT X: NH2C3H5(COOH)2.

20. Cho 0,1 mol - amino axit A c dng H2NRCOOH phn ng ht vi HCl to ra 11,15g mui. A l: A. glyxin. B. alanin. C. phenyl alanin. D. valin. Gii. NH2RCOOH + HCl (NH3Cl)RCOOH . n Mui = n A = 0,1 mol M mui = R + + 45 =

11,15 111,5 0,1

R = 14

R : - CH2 A l H2NCH2COOH (glyxin). 21. Cho lng d anilin phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch long cha 0,05 mol H 2SO4. Lng mui thu c l: A. 7,1g B. 14,2g C. 19,1g D. 28,4g. Gii. 2C6H5NH2 + H2SO4 (C6H5NH3)SO4. n Mui = n H 2 SO 4 = 0,05 mol. m Mui = 0,05. 284 = 14,2 g. 22. Cho 500g benzen phn ng vi hn hp gm HNO3 dc v H2SO4 c. Lng nitrobenzen to thnh c kh thnh anilin. Bit rng hiu sut phn ng u bng 78%. Khi lng anilin thu c l: A. 1010,848g B. 615g C. 596,154g D. 362,7g. Gii. H 2 SO4 C6H6 + HONO2 C6H5NO2 + H2O (1). C6H5NO2 + 6H Theo (1): m C 6 H 5 NO 2 = Theo (2): mC 6 H 5 NH 2 C6H5NH2 + 2H2O (2).

Khi lng anilin thc t thu c l: m = 465.

500.123 615 kg. 78 615.93 = 465 kg. 123

23. Mt on t nilon 6,6 c khi lng l 7,5 mg. S mt xch ca on t l: A. 6,02.1023 B. 2.196 C. 2.1020 D. 2.1019.

78 362,7 kg. 100

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Ti liu n thi H-C

Chuyn :

Gii. on t nilon 6,6 : [ - NH (CH2)5 NH (CH2)4 CO ] n. Khi lng mt mt xch: m1 = 226 vC. Khi lng on t: m2 = 226n vC = 226.n.0,166.1023 g = 0,0075 g. n = 2.10 19. 24. Mt amino axit A c cha 40,4% C; 7,9% H; 15,7% N v MA = 89. CTPT ca A l: A. C3H5O2N. B. C3H7O2N. C. C2H5O2N. D. C4H9O2N. Gii. %O = 100 (40,4 + 15,7 + 7,9) = 36%. Gi CTPT l: CxHyOzNt. Ta c:

89 100

12x 40,4

y 7,9

16z 36

14t 15,7

x = 3; y = 7; z = 2; t = 1.

CTPT l: C3H7O2N. 25. Cho 0,01 mol amino axit A tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,125M. C cn dung dch thu c 1,835g mui. Khi lng phn t ca A l: A. 147 B. 150 C. 97 D. 120. Gii. n HCl = 0,125.0,08 = 0,01 mol. Ap dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c: m Amin + m HCl = m mui m Amin = 1,835 0,01.36,5 = 1,47 g. M amin =

1,47 147 vC. 0,01

27. Cho 0,1 mol amino axit A phn ng va vi 0,1 mol NaOH v 0,2 mol HCl. Khi lng mui Na thu c khi tc dng vi NaOH l 13,9g. Khi lng mui clorua khi cho tc dng vi HCl v CTCT ca A l: A. 19,2g; HOOC (CH2)3 - NH2. B. 18,4g; HOOC CH(NH2) CH2 COOH. C. 19g; HOOC CH(NH2) (CH2)2 NH2. D. 19,4g; HOOC CH (NH2)CH3.

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