HCMC UNIVERSITY OF PEDAGOGY FACULTY OF MATHS AND INFORMATICS

Course: Introduction to Database Systems Duc-Long, Le - Jan, 2010

Handout #3

(ho03.pdf)

Solutions to Problem
1. Ni dung t nghin cu
- Phn bit cc khi nim: Super Key, Key, Candidate Key, Primary Key, Foreign Key

*** Chng 3. Gio trnh CSDL, Nguyn ng T - Phc *** Chng 2 (trang 25~35). Gio trnh Nhp mn CSDL - Nguyn An T
- Thao tc c bn trn cc Quan h (thao tc cp nht)

*** Chng 3. Gio trnh CSDL, Nguyn ng T - Phc

- Chuyn i t ERD sang m hnh Quan h

Hng dn: S dng cc ti liu ca ging vin (sch tham kho, gio trnh in, bi ging Multimedia), tm kim thng tin trn Internet t c, t nghin cu, trnh by v tho lun nhm (nhm 2/4). Khi tho lun nhm, cn phi ghi nhn li thng tin dng bo co (trn giy, file vn bn) chia s cho mi ngi trong nhm, trong lp. Ni dung t nghin cu nhm mc ch mi sinh vin s t hc, t nghin cu, sau trao i v tho lun vi nhm rt ra kin thc. Nn yu cu mi sinh vin v nhm phn cng phi thc hin cc ni dung ny, tuy nhin s khng cn phi np li bi bo co ca nhm thc hin. 2. Bi tp Cho lc CSDL cng vi cc m t tng ng vi tng quan h. Xc nh kho chnh, kho ngoi. V s biu din lc CSDL cho. Chuyn i t ERD ca ng dng qun l cho trc thnh cc lc quan h tng ng. Phn 1. Xc nh kho chnh, kho ngoi.

Qun l sinh vin

KHOA (MAKHOA, TENKHOA, NAMTHANHLAP) Mi khoa c mt m khoa (MAKHOA) phn bit vi cc khoa khc, tn khoa (TENKHOA) khng trng lp nhau. Mi khoa c thnh lp vo nm thnh lp (NAMTHANHLAP). SVIEN (MASV, TEN, NAM, MAKH) Mi sinh vin c mt m s sinh vin (MASV) phn bit vi cc sinh vin khc. Mi sinh vin c tn sinh vin (TEN), ng k hc mt khoa v nm hc hin ti (NAM) l mt trong cc nm t 1 n 4. MHOC ( MAMH,TENMH, TINCHI, MAKH) Mi mn hc c mt m s (MAMH) phn bit vi cc mn hc khc, tn mn hc (TENMH) khng trng lp nhau. Mi mn hc do mt khoa (MAKH) ph trch v c s tn ch quy nh (TINCHI). DKIEN (MAMH, MAMH_TRUOC) Mi mn hc (MAMH) c th khng c, c mt hay nhiu mn hc bt buc phi hc trc (MAMH_TRUOC) HPHAN (MAHP, MAMH, HOCKY, NAM, GV) Mi hc phn c mt m hc phn (MAHP) phn bit vi cc hc phn khc. Mi hc phn s m mt mn hc (MAMH) thuc hc k (HOCKY) trong nm hc (NAM) v do mt gio vin ph trch (GV). KQUA (MASV, MAHP, DIEM) Mi sinh vin (MASV) theo hc mt kha hc (MAKH) s c mt im s (DIEM). Sinh vin ch theo hc cc kha hc m mn hc thuc v khoa m sinh vin ang theo hc. ng vi mt kha hc m sinh vin theo hc, sinh vin c mt im s duy nht (DIEM) t 0 n 10 im

Qun l n cng ty
PHONGBAN (MAPHG, TENPHG, TRPHG, NGNC) Cng ty c t chc thnh cc phng ban (PHONGBAN). Mi phng ban c mt tn, mt m s phng ban duy nht phn bit vi cc phng ban khc, mt nhn vin qun l phng (trng phng) v ghi nhn ngy nhn chc trng phng. Mi phng ban c th c nhiu a im khc nhau. DIADIEM_PHG (MAPHG, DIADIEM) Mi phng ban c th c nhiu a im khc nhau. DEAN (MADA, TENDA, DDIEM_DA, PHONG, NGBD_DK, NGKT_DK) Mi phng ban ch tr nhiu n (DEAN). Mi n c mt tn, mt m s duy nht phn bit vi cc n khc v c trin khai mt a im, ngoi ra cn ghi nhn ngy bt u v ngy kt th c d kin ca n. NHANVIEN (MANV, HONV, TENLOT, TENNV, NGSINH, PHAI, DCHI, MA_NQL, PHONG, MLUONG) Mi nhn vin (NHANVIEN) ca cng ty c m nhn vin, h tn, mc l ng, phi v ngy sinh, c ng cn lu tr ng i qun l tr c tip ca nhn vin (khng nht thit l trng phng, c th l trng nhm). PHANCONG (MANV, MADA, THOIGIAN) Mi nhn vin lm vic mt phng ban nhng c th tham gia nhiu n (cc n do phng ban khc ch tr) vi th i gian tham gia n trong tun ca nhn vin ng vi tng n m nhn vin tham gia. THANNHAN (MANV, MATN, TENTN, PHAI, NGSINH, QUANHE) Mi nhn vin c th c nhiu thn nhn (THANNHAN). Vi mi thn nhn cn lu tr h tn, phi, ngy sinh, v mi quan h vi nhn vin trong cng ty.

QUN L NG K HC CHUYN Phng gio v ti mt trng i hc mun tin hc ha vic qun l ng k hc cc chuyn ca sinh vin. Sau y l kt qu ca vic phn tch thit k ng dng trn: 1. SINHVIEN (MASV, HOTEN, PHAI, NGAYSINH, DCHI, MANGANH) Tn t: Mi sinh vin c mt m s duy nht, mt h tn, thuc mt phi, c mt ngy sinh, mt a ch v hc mt ngnh duy nht. 2. NGANH (MANGANH, TENNGANH, SOCD, TSSV) Tn t: Mi ngnh c mt m ngnh duy nht, c mt tn ngnh duy nht. SOC cho bit s chuyn m 1 sinh vin theo hc ngnh c m l MANGANH phi hc. TSSV cho bit tng s sinh vin tng theo hc ngnh ny. 3. CHUYENDE (MACD, TENCD, SOSVT) Tn t: Mi chuyn c mt m duy nht v c mt tn duy nht. SOSVT cho bit s sinh vin ti a c th chp nhn c mi khi c 1 lp m cho chuyn c m l MACD. 4. CD_NGANH (MACD, MANGANH) Tn t: Mi chuyn c th c hc bi nhiu ngnh v mi ngnh phi hc nhiu chuyn . Mi ngnh hc ti a l 8 chuyn . 5. CD_MO (MACD, NAM, HOCKY) Tn t: Mi b ca quan h trn th hin mt chuyn c m ra trong mt nm ca mt hc k. Thng th ng, s sinh vin ca ngnh mng l khng nhiu nn i vi ngnh Mng my tnh khng c m cng mt chuyn trong 2 hc k lin tip ca cng mt nm. 6. DANGKY (MASV, MACD, NAM, HOCKY) Tn t: Mi b ca quan h trn th hin vic ng k hc mt chuyn ca mt sinh vin vo mt nm ca mt hc k no . Mt sinh vin ch c ng k vo cc chuyn thuc ngnh hc ca sinh vin m thi. Mi nm c 2 hc k. Sinh vin ch c ng k ti a l 3 chuyn trong mt hc k m thi.

QUAN LY THC N VA THEO DOI KET QUA HOC TAP CHO TRE MAU GIAO Cho lc CSDL qun l thc n v theo di kt qu hc tp ca mt trng mu gio: 1.LOP (MALOP, TENLOP, NIENKHOA, KHOI) Tn t: Mi lp c mt m lp duy nht, mt tn lp duy nht v nin kho cho bit lp thuc kha hc no. C 3 khi: Mm, Chi, L. Nin kho lun lun c 5 k s, gm 2 k s cui ca 2 nm lin tip nhau, v d: 98-99, 02-03. M lp l mt chui gm 2 k s u ca nin kha m lp thuc v, tn khi v 1 k s cho bit s th t lp, v d: lp u tin thuc khi mm ca nin kho 98-99 c m lp l 98MAM1. 2.TRE (MATRE, TENTRE, TENCHA, TENME, DCHI, DT, MALOP) Tn t: Mi tr khi vo hc 1 lp c mt m duy nht. Cn lu li thng tin ca tr gm tn cha m, a ch v in thoi lin lc. MALOP cho bit tr thuc lp no. 3.MONAN (MAMA, TENMA, LOAI, DAM, BEO, DUONG, NANGLUONG) Tn t: Mi mn n c 1 m duy nht, c mt tn duy nht v thuc 1 loi. C 2 loi mn n: chnh hoc ph. Mt thc n phi gm 3 hoc 4 mn chnh v t nht 1 hoc c th ti a l 2 mn ph. Mi mt khi lng thc n tnh trn khu phn 1 tr (khng phn bit tui) cn lu li lng m (DAM), cht bo (BEO) ng (DUONG) (u tnh bng g (gam))v nng lng m mn n ny cung cp (NANGLUONG) (tnh bng Kcal). 4.THUCDON (MATD, MAMA) Tn t: Mt b d liu cho bit mt mn n c m l MAMA thuc v thc n c m l MATD. Mt thc n phi cung cp ti thiu l 300g m, 80g bo, 200g ng v 400 Kcal. Lng cht bo khng c vt qu 100g v lng ng ti a l 250g cho mi thc n. 5.NGAY_TD (NGAY, MATD, KHOI) Tn t: Mt b d liu cho bit vo mt ngy NGAY, nh n ca trng p dng thc n c m l MATD cho khi KHOI. Trng ch p dng 1 m thc n cho ton khi trong 1 ngy. Cc khi khc nhau c th dng thc n khc nhau trong ngy. Ngoi ra, ch c dng li thc n cho 1 khi sau ti thiu l 4 ngy. 6.NGAY_KQ (MATRE, NGAY, CO_MAT, DANHGIA) Tn t: Mt b d liu cho bit tr c m l MATRE, vo mt ngy NGAY c i hc hay khng: COMAT =1 (c mt); COMAT =0 (vng). DANHGIA cho bit trong ngy tr sinh hot v tip thu bi hc nh th no. C 3 bc nh gi: A, B, C. Nu tr vng mt th trng DANHGIA khng c gi tr. 7.THANG_KQ (THANG, NAM, MATRE, CAO, CANNANG, BONGSEN) Tn t: Mt b d liu cho bit vo cui thng THANG ca nm NAM, tr c m l MATRE c chiu cao l CAO v cn nng l CANNANG c t c bng sen hay khng: BONGSEN =1: c bng sen; BONGSEN = 0; khng c bng sen.Tr s c cm bng hng nu trong tun c ti thiu l 5/6 ngy c nh gi loi A v khng c ngy no b nh gi loi C. Trong thng tr s c bng sen nu tt c cc ngy tun trong thng u c cm bng hng.

Phn 2. S dng MS. Visio, PowerDesigner v ERD, s biu din cc lc CSDL trn. Hng dn: th hin dng m hnh vt l, ch cn a vo cc thuc tnh kho chnh, kho ngoi (ghi ch l pk, fk) m thi. Hnh v ny c gi l s biu din lc CSDL

V d mu:

SINHVIEN MASV pk MANG fk MAHUYEN fk

QUANHUYEN MAHUYEN MATINH pk fk

TINH MATINH pk

Phn 3. Chuyn i t ERD ca ng dng qun l cho trc thnh cc lc quan h tng ng 1. Mt yu cu phn tch - thit k h thng qun l vic ng k mn hc ca sinh vin nh sau.

Cho m hnh quan nim d liu ca h thng qun l vic ng k mn hc ca sinh vin ti HCL. M t v h thng nh sau: mi hc k c mt s mn hc bt buc, v sinh vin c th ng k nhiu mn trong mt hc k. Sinh vin c th ng k mn hc ca hc k trn h thng v sau ng hc ph, hoc cng c th ng k v ng tin cho gio v khoa, cc thng tin ny s c cp nht v kim tra ngay khi hc sinh ng k hoc ng tin. Sinh vin c tuyn vo phi thuc mt kho o to ca mt nm hc. Mi nm hc c th c t 1 n 4 hc k, mt hc k c 3 n 5 mn hc cho sinh vin ng k hc.
M hnh thc th - kt hp ca CSDL trn nh sau:

SINH VIN

(0,n)

NGK

(0,n)

MN-HK

(1,1)

(1,1)

(1,1)

C CA

THUC

(1,n) (0,n) THUC MN HC (1,1)

(3,5) HC K

KHA

(1,1)

(0,n) (1,4)

NM

HK-NM

Yu cu: Thc hin bi tp v lu di dng vn bn bng trnh son tho vn bn MS Word .DOC, c th s dng phin bn 2003, 2007 tu . Bi np s l 2 file, 1 file di dng .DOC, v 1 file c chuyn sang dng .PDF Lu vn bn vi tn v d nh sau: Project03-Nhom01.doc (phn s u l th t ca bi lm, phn s sau l s th t nhm) Vn bn son tho s dng font Unicode, c nh dng Style (Heading), c ghi ch thch y v chi tit cho cc trch dn tham kho, ngun ti liu tham kho,

2. Mt yu cu phn tch - thit k h thng qun l bn hng ca cng ty nh sau.

Cho m hnh quan nim d liu ca h thng qun l bn hng ca cng ty ABC. M t v h thng nh sau: Cng ty kinh doanh nhiu loi mt hng gia dng theo phng thc bn s v giao hng tn ni, thng qua in thoi, mng Internet, hoc trc tip t hng t khch mua. Thng qua nhu cu, khch hng yu cu t hng, nhn vin ph trch ca cng ty s lp phiu t hng cho khch vi cc sn phm yu cu. Thng tin n t hng bao gm s n t hng, ngy, gi, m sn phm, s lng, n gi cng vi thng tin ca khch hng nh h tn khch hng, a ch, in thoi, email. Mi sn phm c mt m s, mt m t sn phm, cng dng, gi bn thng nht. B phn ph trch cc n t hng gm 5 nhn vin, mi nhn vin c m s, tn nhn vin, in tthoi, chc v c ghi nhn trn n t hng. Khi n t hng c gii quyt, chnh nhn vin s ghi ho n cho khch v ho n s c chuyn xung b phn kho ng gi v giao hng cho khch. Khi c vi sn phm b thiu, cng vi ho n ca sn phm c gi, nhn vin s c thm ghi ch cho khch r. i vi n t hng cha gii quyt c ht th phi xp ch. Ngay khi b phn kho nhp vo sn phm mi th n hng s c gii quyt ngay theo th t.
M hnh thc th - kt hp ca CSDL trn nh sau:

LOIMH

(0,n)

THUC

(1,1) SNPHM (0,n) (1,n) (0,n) (0,n) CTH (1,n) HO N (1,1)

CTH NHN VIN

NTHNG (1,1) (1,1)

CA

(0,n)

PH TRCH CA KHCH HNG

(1,n)