CCNA

:
2005-6-11
:

PC : Software Hardware
:

PC
SW
Storage

HW
Output Unit

Processing
CU

Input Unit
ALU

Register
: SW Logical
. HW
: HW :
1 : Input Unit
PC ... .
2 : Output Unit
PC ... .
3 Central Processing Unit : CPU
. .
CPU . Data Bus : Address Buss CPU :
Register Data Bus CU
. Address Bus
Register .

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

4 : Storage Unit
:
- 1 . Main Memory
- 2 . Secondary Memory
: Secondary Memory
Files CPU User
: FDD
HDD ... CDD .
Memory Cell .
. CPU
Main Memory PC :
Cache 3
ROM 2
RAM 1
: : RAM Random Access Memory .
CPU CPU CPU CPU
:

Disk

Main
Memory

Display

Keyboard
Central
Processing
Unit

Printer

.
CPU CPU
.

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

:
: DRAM - 1 Capacitor
Dynamic .
: SRAM - 2 TRANSISTOR
Logic Gates Flip Flop
Static .
: SDRAM - 3 DRAM SRAM .
: : SIMM 1 Single Inline Memory Module
Bit By Bit 30 ) Pin 77 ( MHz 66
. 1
:
.

: DIMM 2 Dual Inline Memory Module

2 Bit SIMM ) Pin 168 (
100 MHz 133 . 2
:

: RIMM 3 Random Inline Memory Module

4 :
: DDRAM 3,1 Double Data Rate RAM
. MHz 266/200
:

: RDRAM 3,2 Random Data Rate RAM

MHz 600/400 . 800
:

.
RDRAM Mother Board 400 800

.

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

: ROM Read Only Memory .

BIOS Basic Input Output System . CMOS
Standard :
- 1 : POST Power On Self Test
Power On
Power Power

. )
( . Self Test
:

Mother Board CPU AGP RAM Keyboard .

Pulses .
:
) ( .
.
2 : Boot Strap Locate & Load
.
Command.com :
Config.sys Autoexec.bat .
: . Router Pulses 1,0 5V,0V 1001 5 0 0 . 5
:
.
Bit
. Byte
8Bit ) . ( ... :

Bit = 0 Or 1
Byte = 8 Bit
KB = 1024 Byte Kilo Byte
MB = 1024 KB Mega Byte
GB = 1024 MB Giga Byte
TB = 1024 GB
Tera Byte
..
1024 1000 Binary System 2 1000
10 10 2 10 . 1024

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA
:
- :

: Binary System . 1,0 : Decimal System . 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0 . Hexadecimal . 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0,A,B,C,D,F :

Bin Dec : .
2 :

16

32

64

128

8 . 128
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 :

1
1

2
0

4
1

8
1

16
1

32
0

64
0

128
1

1 :
128+16+8+4+1 157 : 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 . 157

1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 :
:

1
0

2
1

4
0

8
1

16
0

32
0

64
1

128
1

1 :
128+64+8+2 202 : 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 202

1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 :
:

1
1

2
1

4
1

8
0

16
0

32
0

64
1

128
1

1 :
128+64+4+2+1 199 : 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 . 199

Dec Bin : .
) (
128 64 .... 32
1

32 16
X

64

128

...
:

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

144 !! :
!! 144 !! 128 . 1 128 :

16

32

128

64
1

128 144 . 16
!! 16 !! 64
0 64 :

1
0

2
0

4
0

8
0

16
1

32
0

128
1

64
0

:
200 !! :
!! 200 !! 128 . 1 128 :

16

32

128

64
1

128 200 . 72
!! 72 !! 64
1 64 :

1
0

2
0

4
0

8
1

16
0

32
0

128
1

64
1

:
255 !! :
!! 255 !! 128 . 1 128 :

16

32

128

64
1

128 255 . 127

!! 127 !! 64
1 64 :

8
1

16
1

32
1

64
1

128
1

4 2 1
1 1 1
255 ) ( .
Bin Hex : .

A 10 B 11 ... F 15 .
:
4 .
:
01101011 3 0110 1011 : ..
11 . B
6 .
. 6B .....

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

Hex Bin : .
3 3
11 0011 .
:
D7 :
7 7 ) 0111
( D 13 . 1101 . 11010111
:
AB :
B 11 1011
A 10 . 1010 . 10101011

Hex Dec : .
.
:
F6 .
11110110 : :

1
0

2
1

4
1

8
0

16
1

32
1

64
1

128
1

128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 : . 246 :
:
DD .
11011101 : :

1
1

2
0

4
1

8
1

16
1

32
0

64
1

128
1

128 + 64 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 1 : . 221 :
:
FF .
1111111 : :

1
1

2
1

4
1

8
1

16
1

32
1

64
1

128
1

128 + 64 + 32 +16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 : . 255 :

. 255

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

Dec Hex : .
.
:
213 .
:

1
1

2
0

4
1

8
0

16
1

32
0

64
1

128
1

0101 1101
5 D
D5 : .
:
59 .
:

1
1

2
1

4
0

8
1

16
1

32
1

64
0

128
0

1011 0011
B 3
3B : .
:
255 .
:

1
1

2
1

4
1

8
1

16
1

32
1

64
1

128
1

1111 1111
F F
FF : .
. FF

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

13-06-2005
: Network
SWITCH OR HUBE
Router PC PCs
.
PC SW HW .
: Hardware
:
1 : PC !! .
2 Interface : Modem . NIC
2.1 : Modem
. Modulation And Demodulation
Dial-Up Connection digital signals
analog signals .
) . DA Modulation -- ( Modulation
) . AD Demodulation -- ( Demodulation
:

ISP

PSTN

: ISP ) WANADOO ( .
: PSTN ) ( .

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

2.2 : NIC
Network Interface Card .
. LAN
ROM MAC Address
Media Access Control Address Unique
48 48
:

24

24

Specific Number

) Organization Unique Identifier ( OUI

48 ) ( 48/4 12 ) ( .
:
NT/Me/200/Xp Start Run Cmd Command Prompt Ipconfig /all Physical Address
Hex . Binary
98/95 Start Run Command Command Prompt Ipconfig /all Physical Address
Hex . Binary
IEEE ISO
) OUI (
.
A NIC
A
.
: Media 3

: Cables Fiber : Wireless
3.1 : Cables
:
Twisted . Coaxial
3.1.1 : Twisted
UTP STP
.
100 m . :

.

RJ-45
) : (

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

:
:

Ground - 0 .
:
+

:

0.7 V
:

: Ground

0.7 V

Function


.
:

... 0110
Cancellation
. Noise
. ) ( ..... .
Ground
.

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

3.1.2 : Coaxial

) ( Thick ) . ( Thin
: Thin coaxial 0.5 185 . : Thick coaxial 0.7 500 . :
T Connector
.
.

3.2 : Fiber
..

:
. 1-2 . Noise . .
:
:
. :
: Single Mode . 3 KM : Multi Mode . 2 KM 3.3 : Wireless
) ( .. .

4 : Repeater
) ( Media
.
. Repeater

PC

Repeater
PC

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

:
. Amplifier . Resend .
LAN
) ( 5 4 3 .

.
5 : HUB
Hub ...
!!!
. Hub
. :

. 1 To Many .

HUB

Hub Hub
PC Hub Hub
. PC's
:
. Amplifier Resend . Propagation : Hub . ... ...
:
PC's
.

: 1
2
:

.
.
) ( .

Bandwidth
) CPU ( .
:

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

: Transmission 1 : Simplex

.
2 : Half Duplex

.
OR
.
: " "
Express .
3 : Full Duplex
.
.
Repeater Hub 2 . Half Duplex 6 : Switch




HUB
.
Hub
Hub :

) ( Mac Request
PC
Buffer Port .
Port
MAC
:
1
MAC A
4 1
4 ) : ( A

MAC B
MAC C

9
11
.

MAC Request PC ) . ( B

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

Port ) ( C .
:
: Amplifier . Full Duplex . 2 . 3 ...
Port . 100 mbps 10 . HUB 7 : Bridge

HUB ... Switch
:
Ethernet Token Ring
MAC Address ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
ARP
.
:
HUB :

HUB

HUB

1 4
HUB
1000 !!! ) (
HUB :

HUB

HUB

!!!
!!!! ) ...
( Disconnection ) (
.
. .
. Symmetric . Asymmetric : Broadcast ) ( .
. HUB* 1 7 . LAN .

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

8 : Router
WAN LAN .
. PC .

ARP
.. ARP
IP PC
.
*** Configuration
.

: :
1 : LAN
Local Area Network 100 m
.
2 : MAN
Metropolitan Area Network M
Medium LAN .
3 : WAN
Wide Area Network ) ( .
4 : SAN
Storage Area Network
PC
.
5 : WLAN
Wireless Local Area Network
.

: Network Topology :

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

1 : BUS Strategy

Logical : Physical
: Physical
T-Connector . Terminator
: Logical Media
:

::
:

.
:
Media


:
.

:

2 : Ring Strategy

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

BUS Terminator
.

...
BUS
.

-


.
3 : Star Strategy

Hub Switch Router
.

.
. Physical
: Logical :
: CSMA - 1
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Carrier Sense :

) (
!!
Randomly .
Multiple Access :
.
: CD/CA 2
CD Collision Detection
) . (
CA Collision Avoidance .
4 : Hieratical Star Strategy
Star .
5 : Hybrid Strategy
Bus Star .
6 : Mesh Strategy



. ...
.

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

:

15-06-2005
:
OSI Open System Interconnection
.
7 Layer :
7 . Application Layer
6 . Presentation
5 . Session
4 . Transport
3 . Network
2 . Data Link
1 . Physical
. All People Seen To Need Data Processing : PC Source PC Destination 7 ) . 1 (
PC Destination PC Source 1 ) . 7 (
:
7 : Application Layer
User

) ( Test.txt . Notepad
6 : Presentation
Format *.txt
Windows Media Player *.avi Notepad
Compression Encryption .
5 : Session


Information .
4 : Transport
Segment
Error Recovery
.

) ( Bandwidth ...
.
Session
Synchronous Asynchronous

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

3 : Network
Segment IP

.
Segment
Source IP Des. IP
L 3 Header .
Segment S. IP D. IP
. Packet
2 : Data Link
Packet
MAC Address .
Packet FCS
FCS CRC Segment Source IP Des. IP S. Mac
Des. Mac
. CRC :

Frame L 2 Header .
!!! MAC Address
: 3 IP
... MAC
Hub .. MAC
!!! IP MAC
: IP ...
.
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Algorithm For Error Detection Session
Source PC Data
Data Destination PC
Data .
Data .
%100 . Data
: 01011011
101 Session
. 01011001 :
. CRC :

::: .

CRC .

01011001
101
/

01011011
101
/

10001

10010

FCS Frame Check Sequence Segment Segment

. FCS
1 : Physical
Frame 1,0 . Media

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

- ... Des. PC Data 1 7 . .

:




...

) Router ( IP

3 Network

) Switch / Bridge / NIC ( MAC

2 Data link

HUB / Repeater / Media

1 Physical

IP
.
: Switch HUB NIC . MAC Address

: DNS
DNS Domain Name Service
Application IP
. IP
DNS
DNS IP

!!!...
www.Yahoo.com
IP
... IP
!! .
Media IP .
: ARP
Address Resolution Protocol MAC
. IP .

: TCP / IP






:

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

: TCP / IP ( TCP ) Transport Network Layer ) . ( IP :

. TCP / IP
:

: Transport Layer
Transport TCP : . UDP
: TCP Transport Control Protocol
Data . End User

OMS

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) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

: UDP User Data Protocol PC

.
: TCP :
: 3 Way Hand Check 1
PCs
) ( Data
Data
.
:


. :

Segment 1

Segment 1
Acknowledge 2
X

Segment 2
Acknowledge Segment 2
Segment 2

Acknowledge 2
Segment 2

2 : Real able
) (
.
3 . Connection Oriented
Connection
.

: UDP :
: 2 Way Hand Check 1
. :
TCP
.

Segment 1
Segment 2

2 : Unreal able
) (
.
. Connection Less 3
Connection .
TCP FTP File Transport Protocol
UDP TFTP
) Download ( .
FTP

Segment
Windowing / Sliding
Segment
:
Segment
Segment
.

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

Segment 1
Segment 2
Acknowledge 3
Segment 3
Segment 4
Segment 5

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

Windowing / Sliding

. Performance .
Source Destination
1 Error Correction 1
) ( .
!! .
!!! ) ( .
: Windowing / Sliding

Segment 7
X

Segment 4

Segment 1

Segment 5

Segment 2

Segment 8

Segment 9

Segment 6

Acknowledge 8

Acknowledge 5

Acknowledge 3

Segment 8

Segment 5

Segment 3

Acknowledge 9

Acknowledge 7

Acknowledge 4

Segment 9

Segment 7

Segment 4

Acknowledge 10

Segment 8

Segment 5

Segment 10

Segment 3

: 1
3 Segment
Segment 4 Error Correction
.
: 2
3 Segment
Segment 5 Error Correction
5 7
6 )
( .
: 3
3 Segment
Segment 9
) ( .
...
. PC

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

:

19-06-2005
: LAN Installation
LAN 5 4 3
:

5 : Segment Maximum
4 : LAN Device Maximum
3 : Used Segment
: 5 .
: 4 .
: 3 .
: 5
)
( PC
... Switch :
PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch

PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

:
PC

Switch

Switch

Switch

Switch

Switch

PC

6 5
5 Technical
.
:
PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

...
: 4
) (
PC :

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

 CCNA

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

Switch

PC

PC

PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

5 4 .
: 3
) PC (
. PC
:
PC

PC

Switch
PC

Switch

PC

Switch

PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

4 . 3
: 5 4 3
:
6
. 5
:
5
. 4
:
4
. 3

Switch
PC

PC

Switch

Switch

PC

PC

Switch

Switch

PC

PC

. :
:

4
3
2

Switch

Switch
PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

* .

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

:
PC 8 Pin
NIC Switch : HUB

SW/HUB
1 TX
2 TX
3 RX
4
5
6 RX
7
8

Data

Signal

PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8

PC 8 . :
: TX . Transport
: RX . Receive

.
:
UTP
:
1 : String Through
:

PC SW
PC HUB
Router SW
Router HUB

2 : Cross-Over

:

PC PC
HUB HUB
SW SW
SW HUB
SW HUB
.
.

OMS

SW/HUB
1 TX
2 TX
3 RX
4
5
6 RX
7
8

PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8

PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8

PC
1 RX
2 RX
3 TX
4
5
6 TX
7
8

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA
3 : Roll-Over

PC Router
Configuration
. Console

Router
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

DB male 9
) ( COM
. UTP

PC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

: UTP
EIA / TIA 568A EIA / TIA 568B EIA TIA
.
:

EIA / TIA 568A

White Green
Green
White Orange
Blue
White Blue
Orange
White Brown
Brown

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

EIA / TIA 568B

White Orange
Orange
White Green
Blue
White Blue
Green
White Brown
Brown

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

EIA / TIA 568B .

.

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

:
22-06-2005

IP :
IP 32 Bit 4 Octets
:
__________8Bit_____ _____8Bit_____ _____8Bit_____ _____8Bit

Oct

Oct

Oct

Oct

Logical MAC Address Physical .

Identity IP MAC .
IP
:
) : Network Part ( NP .
) : Host Part ( HP .
:
) ( :
078 077 079 : . :
NP HP NP

) (
Network Part
.

HP
.

NET HOST
652842
245256
652421
552458
254415
852546

079
077
079
078
077
078

: IP
NP . HP
1000
15 !! :

Class A : -------NP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------- == 224 = 16777216 IP

Class B : -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------- == 216 = 65536 IP
Class C : -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------HP------- == 28 = 256 IP
Class D : Multi Casting , Used By Computer And OS .
Class E : Reserved , UnUsed
IP
Class D , Class E .
Class First Octet Rule :

0 127 Class A
128 191 Class B
192 223 Class C
) ( 224 256 . Class D , Class E

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA
:
: -

- 10 . 62 . 11 . 30 Class A
- 190 . 40 . 40 . 1 Class B
- 199 . 24 . 44 . 57 Class C
: HP NP - 19 . 70 . 11 . 9 Class A : -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----19
.
70
.
11
.
9
- 188 . 60 . 68 . 7 Class B : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----188
.
60
.
68
.
7
- 200 . 3 . 12 . 8 Class C : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----200
.
3
.
12
.
8
:( NP ) -

- 20 . 42 . 4 . 75 ?? 20 . 42 . 4 . 20
- 20 . 42 . 4 . 75 Class A
,
20 . 42 . 4 . 20 Class A
Class A : -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----20 . X . X . X ? = 20 . X . X . X Yes

- 30 . 42 . 4 . 75 ?? 20 . 42 . 4 . 20
- 30 . 42 . 4 . 75 Class A
,
20 . 42 . 4 . 20 Class A
Class A : -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----30 . X . X . X ? = 20 . X . X . X No

- 130 . 20 . 6 . 17 ?? 130 . 20 . 8 . 17
- 130 . 20 . 6 . 17 Class B
,
130 . 20 . 8 . 17 Class B
Class B : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----130 . 20 . X . X ? = 130 . 20 . X . X Yes

- 130 . 22 . 6 . 17 ?? 130 . 20 . 8 . 17
- 130 . 22 . 6 . 17 Class B
,
130 . 20 . 8 . 17 Class B
Class B : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----- , -----HP----130 . 22 . X . X ? = 130 . 20 . X . X No

- 201 . 49 . 18 . 60 ?? 201 . 49 . 18 . 17
- 201 . 49 . 18 . 60 Class C
,
201 . 49 . 18 . 17 Class C
Class C : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----201 . 49 . 18 . X ? = 201 . 49 . 18 . X Yes

- 201 . 49 . 19 . 60 ?? 201 . 49 . 18 . 17
- 201 . 49 . 19 . 60 Class C
,
201 . 49 . 18 . 17 Class C
Class C : -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----NP----- , -----HP----201 . 49 . 19 . X ? = 201 . 49 . 18 . X No

Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425 )

Omssd84@hotmail.com

OMS

CCNA
:

. :
) ( . LAN . WAN :

Switch

Hub

Hub

PC

PC

PC

Hub

Hub

Switch
PC

Switch
PC

PC

Bridge

Switch
PC

Hub
PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

Switch
PC

PC

: ) + LAN ( WAN
:
. WAN . . 2 WAN Networks Connection
LAN ... . 5 LAN Networks Connection
... 7 = 5 + 2 : ...
:
. .
- .

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA
: IP Address
1 octets NP ) . 0 . 152 . 24 . 1 ( 0

2 octets NP . 127 . 224 . 23 . 5 127

. Loop Back
. Ping .
NIC .
. Command Prompt Start Run
cmd Ping IP 127 :
[Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600
).C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp

D:\Documents and Settings\OMS>ping 127.11.12.62

:Pinging 127.11.12.62 with 32 bytes of data
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
:Ping statistics for 127.11.12.62
(Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss
:Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
>D:\Documents and Settings\OMS
Packets 1
NIC .
Loop Back :
) (
. .
. . .
.
3 Host Part Class A
24 . 0 . 0 . 0 HP .
Network ID )
( 079
.. 079 000000
4 Host Part 255 Class B
24 . 24 . 255 . 255 HP
11111111 . HP
255 Subnet
255 16 ... 25 255 .
. Broadcast Address .
:
: Unicast 1 ) ( 1 - 1 .
: Multicast 2 1-
) 2 ( 1- : .
: Broadcast 3 . MAC
Address ARP - 1 .

* IP 254 = 256 2
Network ID 0 broadcast . 255

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA
: ( Classes ) IP
IP Class IP :

0 127 Class A
128 191 Class B
192 223 Class C
.. Binary System
: . :

00000000 01111111 Class A

10000000 10111111 Class B
11000000 11011111 Class C
Class
Class .

: Subnet Mask
. .
. ) IP ( Class
1 ) Network Part ( NP 0 ) . Host Part ( HP :

Class A : -------NP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------11111111 ,

00000000 , 00000000
, 00000000
Class B : -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------11111111 ,
11111111 , 00000000 , 00000000
Class C : -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------HP------11111111 ,
11111111 , 11111111 , 00000000
Octet 0 . 1
:

Class A : -------NP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------255

,
0
,
0
,
0
Class B : -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------HP------- , -------HP------255
,
255
,
0
,
0
Class C : -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------NP------- , -------HP------255
,
255
,
255
,
0
Default Subnet Mask :

Class A : 255 , 0 , 0 , 0
Class B : 255 , 255 , 0 , 0
Class C : 255 , 255 , 255 , 0

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

IP :
IP PC : Static . Dynamic
: Static
IP IP
) . ( .
: Dynamic
: DHCP 1
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol .
) ( IP Server PC
. :
PC IP Administrator :
IP .. !!!
IP . .. Power
Boot Operation System : OS
IP !! NIC
!! IP
DHCP Discover
Server Server IP
DHCP Offer )
( IP Subnet Mask

DHCP Request Server .
. DHCP Acknowledge
Shutdown
Server : IP Subnet Mask
. . DHCP Release
PC Server DHCP :
: DHCP Discover 1 IP Subnet Mask
PC Server
.
: DHCP Offer 2 IP Subnet Mask
Server PC
.
: DHCP Request 3 IP Subnet Mask
IP Subnet Mask PC
.
: DHCP Acknowledge - 4 IP Subnet Mask
IP Subnet Mask PC Server
.
: DHCP Release - 5 IP Subnet Mask
IP Subnet Mask PC Server
.
* :
:
: Release Time 1
IP Address Subnet Mask Server
.

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

: Lease Time 2
PC .
. 24 .
* :
Dynamic Static 1000 PC
ARP Table 1000 Static
Dynamic ARP .
: Boot P , IARP , RARP 2
DHCP IP Subnet Mask
. MAC
: IARP Inverse Address Resolution Protocol Mac
. IP RARP . Reverse ARP
Broadcast : Collision
Broadcast Collision :
: Collision . HUB
:

Switch

Hub

Hub
PC

Switch
PC

PC

Hub
PC

PC

PC

Repeate

Switch
PC

Switch

PC

PC

PC

Bridge
PC

Hub Bus
. Switch .
. : Collision

Switch

Hub

Hub
PC

Switch
PC

OMS

PC

PC

PC

PC

Repeate

Switch
PC

Hub

PC

Switch

PC

Omssd84@hotmail.com

PC

Bridge
PC

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA
14 . Collision
: Broadcast . . Broadcast Domain :

Switch

Hub

Hub
PC

Switch
PC

PC

PC

Hub
PC

PC

Repeate

Switch
PC

Switch

PC

PC

PC

Bridge
PC

4 . Broadcast
:

4 Broadcast Domain
14 Collision Domain
ARP Address
. .

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

:
25-06-2005

IP :
32 Bit Ver. 4 4 Octet .
IP IP :

8 IP

14 IP

20 IP

10 IP

IP :
30 = 20 + 10 :
22 = 14 + 8 :
2 :
-

. 1 WAN 4 LAN 5
IP . 54 = 30 + 22 + 2

!!! 254 !! IP
IP : 254
244 = 10 254
234 = 20 254
240 = 14 254
246 = 8 254
252 = 2 - 254
1270 ::
54 ::
= 1216 = 1270 54 = 252 + 246 + 240 + 234 + 244

. IP
. 32
Ver. 6
8 Octet 4
) 2 128 ( .
Not Compatible
.
32 Bit ..
Win 2000/98/95 :
Win XP/2003 : .
.

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA
:
. DHCL . NAT . VLSM . CIDR . IP Un-numbered. Sub netting -

IP : DHCL
IP Server
IP .
IP : NAT
NAT Network Address Translation
:
5555

!! :

20 23

20


20
21
22
23
5555

5555 .
PSTN

:

Local Inside
IP


!!!

PC

Internet

Switch
PC

PC

PC

PC

PC

IP : IP Un-Numbered
Router IP IP
IP
WAN
WAN
2 IP 252
10 IP
20 IP
14 IP
IP .
8 IP
: IP
IP Configuration
Testing & Troubleshooting .
IP Configuration .
IP VLSM : CIDR
.

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

IP : Sub Netting
Sub Net 4 Octet
Bits . Host Part IP
. .
:
3 Network = 2 LAN + 1 WAN :
IP 52 = 2 + 30 + 20 :
IP 710 = 52 3 * ( 256 - 2 ) :

20 IP

30 IP

IP 30 .
: 2 30
x
!! 2 - 2 = 30 2 Network ID ) Broadcast ID
( . 52 . 5
6

: !! !! 2 2 = 55 6 2
!! 64
.
5 HP IP
192.168.10.X X Binary :

192.168.10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 .
:

192.168.10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
192.168.10. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
3

3 . 8 = 2
:

S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7

OMS

192.168.10. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10 . 0
192.168.10. 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.32
192.168.10. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.64
192.168.10. 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.96
192.168.10. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.128
192.168.10. 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.160
192.168.10. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.192
192.168.10. 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 192.168.10.224

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425

CCNA

Broadcast ID Network ID IP IP . Sub Net

:

Range
10.1 10.30
10.33 10.62
10.65 10.94
10.97 10.126
10.129 10.158
10.161 10.190
10.193 10.222
10.225 10.254

Broadcast ID
192 . 168 . 10 . 31 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 63 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 95 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 127 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 159 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 191 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 223 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 255 / 27

Subnet ID
192 . 168 . 10 . 0 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 32 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 64 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 96 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 128 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 160 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 192 / 27
192 . 168 . 10 . 224 / 27

Subnet Number
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7

: IP !!
: Subnet Standard 255.255.255.0
.. 255.255.255.224 . Class-ness
IP .
Sub netting :
. . - . Host Part

:: Sub netting 200 . 4 . 40 . 0 / 24

:

8 IP

50 IP

60 IP

:
- 1 3 : .
2 . 60
x
3 HP !! 60 = 2 2 . 6

200.4.40. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200.4.40. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
200.4.40. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
200.4.40. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
:

S0
S1
S2
S3

200.4.40. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40 . 0
200.4.40. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40.64
200.4.40. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40.128
200.4.40. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 200.4.40.192

Subnet ID Broadcast :

Range
40.1 40.62
40.65 40.126
40.129 40.190
40.193 40.254

Broadcast ID
200 . 4 . 40 . 63 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 127 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 191 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 255 / 26

Subnet ID
200 . 4 . 40 . 0 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 64 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 128 / 26
200 . 4 . 40 . 192 / 26

Subnet Number
S0
S1
S2
S3

... .

OMS

Omssd84@hotmail.com

) Jordan , Amman Tel : ( 00 962 79 6527425