B GIAO THNG VN TI

TRNG I HC HNG HI
B MN: K THUT MY TNH
KHOA: CNG NGH THNG TIN

BI GING
LP TRNH
GHP NI THIT B NGOI VI
TN HC PHN
M HC PHN
TRNH O TO
DNG CHO SV NGNH

: LP TRNH GHP NI
THIT B NGOI VI
: 17311
: I HC CHNH QUY
: CNG NGH THNG TIN

HI PHNG - 2010

MC LC
Chng 1: Cc chun ghp ni. .................................................................................................. 5
1.1. Cng song song ................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1. Cu trc cng ................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.2. Trao i cng song song vi ng dn tn hiu ......................................................... 6
1.1.3. Lp trnh cng song song ............................................................................................. 8
1.2. Cng ni tip ....................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.1. Cc c trng in p ................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2. Khn mu khung truyn ............................................................................................. 10
1.2.3. Cc vn truyn thng ............................................................................................. 11
1.3. Bus ni tip a nng .......................................................................................................... 12
1.3.1. Bus ni tip a nng - Gii thiu chung ..................................................................... 12
1.3.2. u ni v cp tn hiu ............................................................................................... 13
1.3.3. Truyn d liu ni tip ............................................................................................... 14
1.3.4. Phn cng, phn mm v kt ni h thng ................................................................. 14
1.3.5. Chun USB 2.0 ........................................................................................................... 15
1.4. Khe cm m rng .............................................................................................................. 15
1.4.1. BUS ISA 16 bit ........................................................................................................... 15
1.4.2. BUS PCI ..................................................................................................................... 17
1.4.4. Ghp ni qua khe cm m rng.................................................................................. 18
Chng 2. Bus Ghp ni a nng ............................................................................................. 20
2.1. t vn .......................................................................................................................... 20
2.2. Tiu chun IEEE-488 truyn thng ................................................................................... 20
2.3. Cu hnh v hot ng ca Bus GPIB ............................................................................... 21
Chng 3. Vng o in p ....................................................................................................... 23
3.1.Truyn d liu bng vng dng in .................................................................................. 23
3.2. Vng dng in 60mA ....................................................................................................... 23
3.3. Vng dng in 20mA ....................................................................................................... 24
3.4. Vng dng in 4 n 20mA .............................................................................................. 25
Chng 4. Cc mch iu khin vi b bin i A/D ............................................................. 26
4.1. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ICL7107 ........................................................................... 26
4.2. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ADC547 ........................................................................... 26
4.3. Card bin i ADA 9-16 bit............................................................................................... 27
Chng 5. T ng ha vi PCL S7-200 .................................................................................. 29
5.1. B iu khin kh trnh PCL ............................................................................................. 29
5.2. Son tho chng trnh vi PCL ....................................................................................... 30
Chng 6. H vi iu khin 8951 .............................................................................................. 33
6.1. Cu trc phn cng ........................................................................................................... 33
6.2. Tp lnh ............................................................................................................................. 35

-1-

YU CU V NI DUNG CHI TIT

Tn hc phn: Lp trnh ghp ni thit b ngoi vi
B mn ph trch ging dy: K thut my tnh
M hc phn: 17311
TS tit
45

L thuyt
30

Thc hnh/Xemina
15

T hc
0

Loi hc phn: 2
Khoa ph trch: CNTT
Tng s TC: 2
Bi tp ln
0

n mn hc
0

iu kin tin quyt:

Sinh vin phi hc xong cc hc phn sau mi c ng k hc phn ny:
Kin trc my tnh, in t s, Mch v tn hiu, Vi x l, K thut lp trnh
Mc tiu ca hc phn:
- Cung cp cc kin thc c bn v cu trc, nguyn l hot ng ca h thng giao
tip vi th gii bn ngoi.
- Nm c cc phng thc iu khin vo/ra d liu.
- Hiu r nguyn tc, cch thc phi ghp cc b iu khin c bn
Ni dung ch yu
Chng I. Cc chun ghp ni.
Chng II. Bus Ghp ni a nng.
Chng III. Vng o in p.
Chng IV. Cc mch iu khin vi b bin i A/D.
Chng V. H vi iu khin 805x.
Ni dung chi tit ca hc phn:

TN CHNG MC
Chng I. Cc chun ghp ni.
1.1. Cng song song
1.1.1. Cu trc cng
1.1.2. Trao i cng song song vi ng dn tn hiu
1.1.3. Lp trnh cng song song
1.2. Cng ni tip RS-232
1.2.1. Cc c trng in p
1.2.2. Khun mu khung truyn
1.2.3. Cc vn truyn thng
1.2.4. Lp trnh cho cng ni tip RS-232
1.3. Bus ni tip a nng
1.3.1. Gii thiu chung
1.3.2. u ni v cp tn hiu
1.3.3. Truyn d liu ni tip

PHN PHI S TIT

TS
LT
BT
TH KT
25
16
9
1
1
2

1
0.5
0.5
1

0.5
0.5
0.5
-2-

TN CHNG MC
1.3.4. Phn cng, phn mm v kt ni h thng
1.3.5. Chun USB 2.0
1.3.6. Cc kiu truyn v phn mm iu khin
1.3.7. Lp trnh Bus ni tip a nng
1.4. Khe cm m rng
1.4.1. BUS ISA 16 bit
1.4.2. BUS PCI
1.4.3. BUS AGP
1.4.4. Ghp ni qua khe cm m rng
Chng II. Bus Ghp ni a nng
2.1. t vn
2.2. Tiu chun IEEE-488 truyn thng
2.3. Cu hnh v hot ng ca Bus GPIB
Chng III. Vng o in p
3.1.Truyn d liu bng vng dng in
3.2. Vng dng in 60mA
3.3. Vng dng in 20mA
3.4. Vng dng in 4 n 20mA
Chng IV. Cc mch iu khin vi b bin i A/D
4.1. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ICL7107
4.2. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ADC547
4.3. Card bin i ADA 9-16 bit
4.4. B m tn s dng cho my tnh
Chng V. H vi iu khin 51
5.1. B iu khin kh trnh PCL
5.2. Son tho chng trnh vi PCL
Chng VI. H vi iu khin 51
6.1. Cu trc phn cng
6.2. Tp lnh
6.3. Kt ni iu khin bng 8951

PHN PHI S TIT

TS
LT
BT
TH KT
0.5
0.5
0.5
2
3

1
1
1
1
2
0.5
0.5
1
3
1
0.5
0.5
1
3
0.5
0.5
1
1
2
1
1
2
0,5
1
0,5

Nhim v ca sinh vin :

Tham d cc bui thuyt trnh ca gio vin, t hc, t lm bi tp do gio vin giao
tham d cc bui thc hnh, cc bi kim tra nh k v cui k.
Ti liu hc tp :
- Ng Din Tp, o lng v iu khin bng my tnh, NXB KH&KT
- Ng Din Tp, K thut ghp ni my tnh, NXB KH&KT
- Phan Xun Minh, T ng ha vi SIMATIC S7-2000, NXB NN
- K thut lp trnh PLC-SPC
- MSC 51 Microcontroller family user's manual- Intel
-3-

Hnh thc v tiu chun nh gi sinh vin:

- nh gi da trn tnh hnh tham d bui hc trn lp, cc bui thc hnh, im
kim tra thng xuyn v im kt thc hc phn.
- Hnh thc thi cui k: thi vit.
Thang im: Thang im ch A, B, C, D, F
im nh gi hc phn Z = 0.3X + 0.7Y.
Bi ging ny l ti liu chnh thc v thng nht ca B mn K thut my tnh, Khoa
Cng ngh Thng tin v c dng ging dy cho sinh vin.
Ngy ph duyt: 25 / 10 / 2009
Trng B mn: ThS. Ng Quc Vinh

-4-

Chng 1: CC CHUN GHP NI

1.1. Cng song song
1.1.1. Cu trc cng
Cng song song c hai loi: cm 36 chn v cm 25 chn. Ngy nay, loi
cm 36 chn khng cn c s dng, hu ht cc my tnh PC u trang b cm 25 chn
nn ta ch cn quan tm n loi 25 chn.
V TR
CHN

TN TN HIU

Strobe

D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Acknowledge

10

Busy (Bo bn)

11

Paper empty (Ht giy) 12

Select (La chn)

13

Auto Linfeed (T ng
14
np dng)
Error (C li)

15

CHC NNG

Khi t mt mc in p LOW vo chn ny, my

tnh thng bo cho my in bit c mt byte sn
sng trn cc ng tn hiu c truyn.

Cc ng d liu ( 8 ng )

Mc LOW chn ny, my in thng bo cho my

tnh bit nhn c k t va gi v c th tip
tc nhn.
My in gi mt mc lgic HIGH vo chn ny
trong khi ang n nhn hay ang in ra d liu
thng bo cho my tnh bit b m d liu y
hay my in ang trng thi Off-line
My in t trng thi tr khng cao (HIGH) chn
ny khi ht giy.
Mt mc HIGH c ngha l my in ang trong
trng thi c kch hot .
Mc LOW chn ny my tnh nhc my in t
ng np mt dng mi mi khi kt thc mt dng.
Mc LOW chn ny, my in bo cho my tnh
bit xy ra li khi in.
My in c t tr li trng thi c xc nh
lc ban u khi chn ny mc LOW.
Bng mt mc LOW my in c la chn bi
my tnh.

Reset (t li trng 16
thi my in)
Select Input (La chn 17
li vo)
Ground (Ni t)
18-25
Qua bng trn ta thy cp ni gia my tnh v my in bao gm 25 si, tuy nhin
khng phi tt c cc si cp u c s dng nh vy chng ta c th tn dng dy cp
ny nu c mt vi si b t.

-5-

Qua cch m t chc nng ca tng tn hiu ring l ta c th nhn thy l cc ng

dn tn hiu c th chia thnh 3 nhm:
Cc ng dn tn hiu xut ra t my tnh PC v iu khin my in, c gi
l cc ng dn iu khin.
Cc ng dn tn hiu, a cc thng bo ngc li t my in v my tnh, c
gi l cc ng dn trng thi.
ng dn d liu, truyn cc bit ring l ca cc k t cn in.
T cch m t cc tn hiu v mc tn hiu ta c th nhn thy cc tn hiu
Acknowledge, Auto Linefeed, Error, Reset, v Select Input kch hot mc Low.
Thng qua chc nng ca cc chn ny ta cng hnh dung c cch iu khin my in.
Cn ch l 8 ng dn song song u c dng chuyn d liu t my tnh
sang my in. Trong nhng trng hp ny, khi chuyn sang ng dng o lng v iu
khin ta phi chuyn d liu t mch ngoi vi vo my tnh thu thp v x l. V vy
ta phi tn dng mt trong nm ng dn theo hng ngc li, ngha l t bn ngoi
vo my tnh truyn s liu o lng.
1.1.2. Trao i cng song song vi ng dn tn hiu
c th ghp ni cc thit b ngoi vi, cc mch in ng dng trong o lng
v iu khin vi cng song song ta phi tm hiu cch trao i vi cc thanh ghi thng
qua cch sp xp v a ch cc thanh ghi. Cc ng dn ca cng song song c ni
vi ba thanh ghi 8 bit khc nhau:
-6-

THANH GHI D LIU

A CH ( 278H, 378H, 2BCH, 3BC H)

THANH GHI TRNG THI A CH ( 279H, 379H, 2BDH, 3BD H)

THANH GHI IU KHIN A CH ( 27AH, 37AH, 2BEH, 3BE H)

Nh s trn trnh by 8 ng d liu dn ti thanh ghi d liu cn 4 ng

dn iu khin Strobe, Auto Linefeed, Reset, Select Input dn ti thanh ghi iu khin.
Nm ng dn trng thi Acknowledge, Busy, Paper Empty, Select, Error ti thanh ghi
trng thi.
Thanh ghi d liu hay 8 ng dn d liu khng phi l ng dn 2 hng trong
tt c cc loi my tnh nn d liu ch c th c xut ra qua cc ng dn ny c th
t D0 n D7. Thanh ghi iu khin hai hng, hay ni chnh xc hn: Bn bit c gi tr
thp c sp xp cc chn 1, 14, 16, 17. Thanh ghi trng thi ch c th c c
v v vy c gi l mt hng.
-7-

1.1.3. Lp trnh cng song song

Vic truy nhp trc tip ln cc giao din ca my tnh PC, c th l ln cc
ng dn ring l c tin hnh thun li nht l bng hp ng, Cc ngn ng bc cao
nh Turbo Pascal hoc C cng c nhng lnh n gin thc hin vic truy nhp ln cc
cng tuy rng tc truy nhp c thp hn i cht.
Trc ht ta cn bit a ch ca cc cng m qua cc giao din song song c th
c trao i. Sau s quyt nh c d liu trong thanh ghi no hoc xut d liu ra
thanh ghi no?
Ni chung, cc lnh c s dng c th vit nh sau:
Bng hp ng
xut ra d liu
OUT DX, AL
nhp vo d liu IN AL, DX
Trong a ch ca thanh ghi cn trao i phi ng trong DX. V d: Gi s
LPT1 c a ch l 378H
MOV DX,378H; Np a ch ca cng LPT1 vo thanh ghi DX
OUT DX,AL; Xut ni dung ca thanh ghi AL ln ng dn d liu (T D0 n
D7) ca LPT1.

Hai lnh sau y c cc byte ng dn d liu ca cng LPT1:

MOV DX, 378H; Np a ch ca cng LPT1 vo thanh ghi DX
IN AL,DX: c thng tin trn cc ng dn d liu (T D0 n D7) ca LPT1 sang
thanh ghi AL.

Hai lnh sau y xut ni dung ca thanh ghi AL sang thanh ghi iu
khin ca LPT1.
MOV DX,37AH; Np a ch ca thanh ghi iu khin cng LPT1 vo thanh ghi DX
OUT DX,AL; Mang ni dung ca thanh ghi AL sang thanh ghi iu khin ca LPT1.

Hai lnh sau y c cc byte ng dn trng thi ca cng LPT1 t

vo thanh ghi AL.
MOV DX, 379H; Np a ch ca thanh ghi trng thi vo thanh ghi DX
IN AL,DX; c ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi ca LPT1 sang thanh ghi AL.
Bng TurboC
xut ra d liu
Outportb(a ch cng,Gi tr)
nhp vo d liu Inportb(a ch cng)
V d
Lnh sau y xut gi tr 5 qua thanh ghi d liu ca cng LPT1
Outportb(0x378, 5)
Lnh sau y c thng tin ca thanh ghi trng thi ca cng LPT1 sp xp vo bin
status
Status= Inportb(0x379)
1.2. Cng ni tip
1.2.1. Cc c trng in p
+12V l mc logic 0 (LOW) Mt trong nhng thng s quan trng nht ca RS232 l
mc in p trn ng truyn. RS232 u tin s dng mc n p TTL ging nh cng
song song. Chnh v th ngay sau khi ra i RS232 xut hin nhu cu phi ci tin. Ngoi
mc in p th tiu chun cng quy nh r gi tr ca tr khng ti u vo bus v tr khng
-8-

ra ca b pht v b m. Hng ci tin ca mc in p l tng gi tr ca in p truyn

tng kh nng chng nhiu do vy truyn c xa hn.

T s trn ta thy ci tin ca RS232B l lm tng mc in p t 5V n 25V,

Trong :
Mc logic 1 tnh t -5V n -25V.
Mc logic 0 tnh t +5V n +25V.
Cc mc t -3V n +3V gi l trng thi chuyn tip. Cc mc in p t 3V n
5V gi l khng xc nh. D liu c mc in p ri vo khong ny s dn n kt qu
khng d tnh c v y cng l tnh trng hot ng ca nhng h thng c thit b k
s si. iu ng ch y l: Mc 1 ~ LOW, mc 0 ~ HIGH v trc khi a vo x l
cn c b nh o cn gi l b nh chun dng tn hiu.
Vic nng mc in p ca chun RS232B dn n s hn ch v tc truyn, v vy
ngi ta thy gia tc truyn v khong cch truyn phi c s dung ho. RS232C l
chun hin nay ang c p dng.
in p s dng l 12V. Trong :
-12V l mc logic 1 (HIGH)
C th:
+3V -> +12V l mc 0
+5V -> +12V l mc tin cy (ca mc 0)
-3V -> -12V l mc 0
-5V -> -12V l mc tin cy (ca mc 1)
Bng vic thu hp gii hn in p ng truyn, tc truuyn d liu c tng ln
ng k. Ngoi ra chun RS232C cng quy nh tr khng ti, gi tr ny thuc phm vi
3000 n 7000 ; ng thi b m phi duy tr tng in p tng i ln khong 30V/s.
-9-

Cc vi mch Motorola loi MC1488 v MC1489 hon ton tho mn cc thng s k thut
ny. Cc yu cu v mt in c quy nh trong chun RS232C nh sau:
1. Mc logic 1(mc du) nm trong khong -3V -> -12V; Mc logic 0 (Mc trng) nm
trong khong +3V -> +12V.
2.Tr khng ti v pha b nhn ca mch phi nm trong khong 3000 -7000.
3. Tc truyn nhn cc i 100 Kbit/s.
4. Cc li vo ca b nhn phi c in dung <2500pF.
5. di ca cp ni gia my tnh v thit b ghp ni qua cng ni tip khng th
vt qu 15 my nu khng s dng modem.
6. Cc gi tr tc truyn d liu chun l 50, 75, 110, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400,
4800, 9600, 19200, 28800, ..., 56600 baud (bit/s).
1.2.2. Khun mu khung truyn
c im ca ng truyn d liu qua cng ni tip l tin hnh truyn v nhn trn
cc ng dn n l, cho nn khi thit b truyn v thit b nhn c ghp ni vi nhau th
ng truyn bn ny s c ni vi ng nhn bn kia v ngc li. C nh vy mi hnh
thnh c vng kn ca qu trnh truyn d liu. lu mi quan h bt cho tay nh vy
ngi ta a vo du x gia TD (TxD) v RD (RxD). Vic truyn d liu qua cng ni
tip RS232 c tin hnh theo kiu khng ng b, trong khun mu d liu c bit bt
u, bit dng c ch ra nh hnh v sau:

R rng theo cch truyn ny ch c mt k t c truyn ti mt thi im. Gia cc

k t c mt khong phn cch gia chng trong c cha bit dng, bit bt u. u tin b
truyn s gi mt bit bt u (bit Start) thng bo cho b nhn bit l sau bit ny s l cc
bit d liu c th l 5,6 hoc 7 bit. Tip theo l mt bit chn l v sau cng l 1 hoc 2 bit
dng. im ng ch l bao gi bit bt u cng mc LOW. Khong thi gian phn cch
ca mt bit n s quyt nh tc truyn. Khong phn cch cng nh th tc truyn
cng ln.

Bit bt u ~ mc 0, tip theo l 7 bit d liu 1000001,1 bit chn l 1, cui cng
l 2 bit dng 11.
- 10 -

Nh vy, ton b khung truyn c pht ra l 01000001111. Bit chn l dng

kim tra pht hin li v sa li. Thc cht ca qu trnh ny nh sau: Khi k t c
truyn th my tnh s m s k t 1 trong k t c truyn. Nu s l chn => bit
chn l =1; Nu s l l => bit chn l =0. ni nhn s kim tra k t nhn c v
m s 1, sau s so snh vi bit chn l. Nu kt qu trng khp th khung truyn coi
nh khng mc li, ngc li n s pht lnh yu cu truyn li khung truyn. Nu t l
mc li cng nhiu th tc truyn cng gim. K thut m li chn l theo kiu ny c
mt c im rt n gin, nhng trong trng hp b mc li 2 ln lin hoc 4 li lin
th lai khng pht hin ra. Nhng trn thc t vi 7 bit c truyn th kh nng b mc 2
hoc 4 li l rt nh c th xem nh khng bao gi xy ra. Chnh v vy, cch m li theo
kiu ny vn c dng ph bin trong k thut truyn d liu qua cng ni tip.
Tc truyn: nh gi cht lng ca cuc truyn d liu qua cng ni tip
th mt trong nhng thng s c trng quan trng l tc truyn/nhn d liu. Trong k
thut truyn d liu qua cng ni tip ta thy c bit bt u, bit dng. Trong mt s
trng hp c bit chn l c b xung vo, nh vy c ti 10 bit c truyn trong
khi ch c 7 bit d liu, cn trong trng hp s dng 2 bit dng th c ti 11 bit truyn
trong khi ch c 7 bit d liu. Nh vy nu c 10 k t c gi trong 1 giy v nu nh
c 11 bit c s dng cho 1 k t th tc truyn thng s l 110 bit/s. Nh vy gia tc
truyn bit v tc truyn k t l khc nhau.
Ngoi tc truyn bit ngi ta cn s dng tc baud. y l tn ca mt nh k
thut ngi Php ginh nhiu cng sc nghin cu v truyn thng v ngi ta ly
tn ng lm n v truyn d liu. Thng thng tc bit v tc baud l ng
nht, ch trong trng hp c mdem do c thm qu trnh bin i tn hiu nn 2 tc
ny n khc nhau.
Tc bps
110
300
600
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
56600

K t /s
11
30
60
120
240
480
960
1920
5660

1.2.3. Cc vn truyn thng

.
:
- 11 -

0,1 ms.
-

.
1.3. Bus ni tip a nng
1.3.1. Bus ni tip a nng - Gii thiu chung
C th ni MT t khi ra i khng ngng pht trin. Hin nay my tnh PC vn
ang c ci tin nhm nng cao nhng tnh nng ca h thng. Nhng hng chnh l:
+ Tip tc ci tin b vi x l cng nh a ra nhng b x l mi.
+ Ci tin cc h thng ha, v d: card AGP
+ Nng cao tc ca ng h h thng v ca chnh b x l.
+ Ci tin cc kin trc bus c bit cc cu PCI.
+ Hon thin cng ngh cm v chy (plug and play) v qu trnh t ng ci t.
c bit hon thin cng USB tr gip cho vic d dng ghp ni. Nu nh my tnh
dng ngun AT c hai cng RS 232 th pha sau cc my tnh i mi thng dng
ngun ATX u c 2 cm USB. Cng USB thc cht l BUS ,bi v qua c th u
ni ng thi rt nhiu thit b ngoi vi vi nhng chng loi khc nhau. V vy, c th
gi bus USB l bus ni tip a nng theo ng ngha ca n.
Bus USB nhm thng nht cc kiu ghp ni my tnh khc nhau v mt dng u
ni v v vy kh nng ghp ni my tnh qua USB tr nn ht sc hp dn . Cc giao
din song song ni tip, cc my ghp hnh nh s... u c th u ni vo bus USB.V
vy trong tng lai bus USB s thc s tr thnh bus a nng.
V ngun gc USB c a ra s dng u tin vo nm 1996, phi n gia nm
1998 mi thc s c h tr y v th hin vai tr ca n. Cc thng k k thut
ca USB c cc cng ty ln cng tham gia xy dng.Trong phi k n
Compaq, Digital Equipment, Nothern, Telecom, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC. C th ni
bus USB nhanh chng tr thnh mt chun khng chnh thc. Ngi ta cng sn xut
ra mt card m rng cho php cm vo cc my tnh i c to ra 2 cng USB . Sau
khi USB c gii thiu c nhiu thit b s dng trong lnh vc in t dn dng,
truyn thng c thit k ni vo vi bus ny v Microsoft vit phn mm h tr
cho USB t nm 1998. Trong win 95 th USB c h tr rt y .
USB l mt bus ni tip v d liu truyn trn bus tng t nh trong cng ni tip.
C th l theo tng bit mt ni tip nhau. Nhng c mt im ng lu l d liu c
truyn trn cng cc ng dn theo 2 hng trong khi theo tiu chun RS232 th d
liu c truyn trn cc ng dn khc nhau nhng trn mi ng ch theo mt
hng. S khc nhau c bn th hin ch cc giao din ni tip t trc n nay ch c
th s dng cho mt thit b nhng bus USB li cho php u ni n 127 thit b.V vy
c gi l mt bus. Mi thit b u vo u nhn mt a ch v thg qua a ch ny
thit b c th trao i d liu vi my tnh cng nh cc thit b khc v a ch ny
c m t bng 7 bit.
V mt tc , vic trao i d liu qua bus USB nhanh hn so vi qua cng RS
232.Trn thc t vn tc truyn c th t c 12Mbps trn cc ng dn d liu. Di
thng s c phn chia cho tt c cc thit b c u ni trn bus .Vi bus USB loi
1.0 tc truyn d liu ln ti 12 Mbps, nhng version 2.0 vn tc t ti 480Mbps
- 12 -

vn gi c tnh tng thch phin bn 1.0. Bus USB c mi lin quan cht ch vi
c tnh cm chy cc my tnh PC i mi trong khi my tnh ang hot ng, thit
b c th c u vo hoc tho ra m khng cn tt in ngun nui trong my tnh.
c tnh c gi l u ngt nng. H thng t nhn bit mt thit b mi c u vo
thit b USB v lp tc np phn mm iu khin hay tp m thch hp.
Nhng c tnh c bn ca bus USB c th k ra l:
+ Cc b truyn m thi c th hiu l truyn lin tc h tr cc tn hiu video
v m thanh vi cc ng truyn ng thi th cc thit b truyn d liu theo kiu m
thi v theo kiu on trc .
+Bus USB h tr cc thit b khng ng thi, cc thit b c quyn u tin cao
nht (cc thit b m thi cng nh ng thi c th tn ti cng mt thi im).
+Cc thng s k thut cm chy cc cp v cch kt ni u c tiu chun ho
rng ri trong cng nghip.
+Cc Hub c sn xut thnh nhiu tng vi kh nng m rng cc mc gn nh
v tn v cc thao tc xy ra ng thi.
+Tc truyn l 12Mbps vi cc kch thc gi d liu khc nhau.
+H tr nhiu yu cu v gii thng t mt vi Mbps n 19 Mbps.
+H tr tc truyn d liu trn mt phm vi rng cc gi tr thng qua vic u
tit kch thc b m gi d liu v c ch tim n(latency), c kh nng cm nng (hot
plug). Ngha l cho php thit b ngoi vi c th c ni m khng cn phi tt ngun
nui cung cp in cho my tnh. C th u, ngt v thay i cu hnh ca thit b ngoi
vi mt cch linh hot .
+Kh nng qun l nng lng c tng cng vi cc ch ngh trn phm
vi h thng.
+T nhn dng thit b ngoi vi kiu mi, t ng v bn chc nng i vi
phn mm iu khin v cu hnh.
+H tr cho cc thit b loi khc nhau vi nhiu cng ngh khc nhau.
+iu khin lung d liu thng qua b m bng vic qun l giao thc t sn bn
trong.
+C th x l li v hon tr li.
+H tr kh nng nhn dng cc thit b mc li.
+Giao thc n gin trong vic thc hin v tch hp.
USB l mt kin trc bus cn bng trong qu trnh hot ng my ch USB ng
vai tr iu khin di thng ca h thng. Mi thit b c gn mt a ch mc nh
khi thit b USB c cp in ln u hoc c t li. Mt c im c bn khc na
ca USB in p ngun nui (+5v) c th nhn c t bus. Cc thit b c cng sut tiu
th nh c th s dng trc tip in p trn bus m khng cn c ngun nui ring.
1.3.2. u ni v cp tn hiu
USB c hai kiu u ni khc nhau c gi l A,B. H thng y c thit k
sao cho khng xy ra hin tng u ni nhm. Bus USB s dng cp ni 4 si dy
ni vi cc thit b ghp ni. Trong c mt cp ng truyn 2 si xon c dng
lm ng dn d liu vi phn, k hiu l D+ v D-. Cn mt cp kia dng lm ng
5V v ng ni t chung. Cp ni lun c thc hin lin kt 1:1. S sp xp cc
chn u ni cp tun theo nhng quy nh sau:
Hai cm USB pha sau my tnh i mi nht u l kiu A, qua c th u
trc tip thit b USB vo my tnh. Cc thit b c tc thp nh chut c th u
thng vo cm ny bng mt phch cm cng kiu A.
- 13 -

Trong cc trng hp khc thit b thng c mt cm kiu B, mun ni vi

my tnh phi s dng mt cp kiu A,B. Trong trng hp cn ni di cp, tc l
tng khong cch gia my tnh PC ti thit b ghp ni, ngi ta s dng cp A,A. Cho
n nay cc cp USB u c cc nh sn xut cung cp di dng hon chnh trn
u cm, di, cht lng bc kim chng nhiu u khng th thay i c.V vy,
tu theo mc ch s dng ta phi la chn thng s cp cho chnh xc t chiu di cho
n u ni.

Qua cm USB sau my tnh c th ly ra in p + 5v vi dng in tiu

th 100 mA.Trong mt s trng hp c th ly ti 500 mA. Hai ng n d liu D +,
D - cho php u ni vi cc linh kin USB c bit chng hn nh l mt s vi iu
khin tn hiu chn D +,D l cc tn hiu vi phn vi mc in p = 0/ 3,3 v. in p
ngun nui cho bus c th tng n 5,25 v v khi chu dng ti ln c th gim xung 4,2
v. Mt vi mch n p trong trng hp ny c th to ra mt in p n nh +3,3 v.
Ton b h thng c th thit k sao cho khi chu dng ti ln in p ngun cng khng
vt qu + 4,2v. Khi thit b ghp ni cn dng tiu th >100mA cn xem xt k kh
nng cung cp v chu ti ca cc linh kin pha trong MT trnh nhng hu qu ng
tic c th xy ra. Khi ghp ni mt thit b vi bus USB ta thng phi phn bit r cc
thit b s dng ngun nui ring chng hn nh my in vi cc thit b nhn in p
ngun nui qua bus.Trong mt s trng hp c hai ch ngun nui c th cng tn
ti la ch theo cch thit k ca bus. Dng tiu th ly t bus c t ng hn ch.
Khi dng tiu th vt qu gii hn cho php th in p cung cp cng t ng ngt.
1.3.3. Truyn d liu ni tip
Mt c im khc na ca bus USB l ch c mt my ch ngha l mi hot
ng trn bus u xut pht t my tnh PC qun l. D liu c gi ln cng nh nhn
t bus theo nhng gi nh cha 8 -> 256 byte. My tnh PC c th yu cu d liu gi
n t mt thit b nhng ngc li khng mt thit b no c th t gi d liu i.
Ton b lng d liu u c mt khung ng bng 1ms.Trong phm vi mt khung
nhiu gi d liu k tip dnh cho cc thit b khc nhau c th c x l, trong c
nhng gi d liu cn gi vi tc thp, c nhng gi d liu cn gi vi tc cao
cng tn ti trong mt khung.
Khi cn ghp ni nhiu thit b USB vi my tnh, ta cn c mt hp phn phi hay
cn gi l Hub cho php trnh xy ra tnh trng tc tn hiu cao c chuyn giao ti
thit b c tc thp.
1.3.4. Phn cng, phn mm v kt ni h thng
Khi ni mt thit b vo bus th my ch USB s tng tc vi thit b USB thng
qua b iu khin ca my ch. Khi my ch chu trch nhim v nhng cng vic sau:
Pht hin vic kt ni hoc hu b ca cc thit b USB
- 14 -

Qun l vic iu khin dng d liu gia my ch v cc thit b USB Thng k

trng thi v tnh hot ng ca h thng.
Cung cp dng in c np hn ch cng sut cho cc thit b USB c kt
ni. Trn my ch c phn mm qun l h thng USB, c th qun l s tng tc gia
cc thit b USB v phn mm thit b da trn my ch. C nm vng tng tc ga
phn mm h thng USB v phn mm thit b c th l:
im danh v nh cu hnh thit b.
Truyn d liu trong ch ng thi.
Truyn d liu trong ch khng ng b.
Qun l nng lngQun l thng tin v thit b v v bus.
1.3.5. Chun USB 2.0
Phin bn USB 1.0 ra i vo nm 1996 l mt thnh cng rt ln v by gi
ang l cng tiu chun trn a s cc my tnh PC i mi. Hn ch chnh ca phin
bn ny l tc truyn vn cn tng i chm. c bit khi tch hp nhiu thit b
ngoi vi thnh mt h thng kt ni ring r. V vy, phin bn 2.0 c ra i cho
php t ti tc truyn d liu trn 480Mbps trong khi vn gi tnh tng thch vi
phin bn 1.0. Cc c tnh chnh ca phin bn 2.0 l:
Tc thp(1,5Mbps) dng cho cc thit b tng tc. thng thng 10->100Kbps.
Tc cao(12Mbps) dng cho cc ng dng c cc tn hiu din tho v m thanh.
Thng thng 500Kbps->10Mbps.
Tc rt cao(470Mbps) dng cho cc ng dng video v b nh. Thng
thng 250 - >400Mbps.
R rng l phin bn USB 2.0 s y nhanh qu trnh hng ti mt my tnh PC s
dng trong tng lai tc l ch cn dng mt loi cng USB cho tt c cc thit b ghp
ni.
1.4. Khe cm m rng
1.4.1. BUS ISA 16 bit
T tn gi cho thy y l loi bus c kin trc theo tiu chun cng nghip
(Industry Standard Architecture). Mt s ti liu gi bus PC l bus ISA 8 bit th loi ny
c phn bit r l ISA 16 bit.Tc gi ca loi bus ny l cng ty IBM. Cng ty ny
thit k ra bus ISA dng cho my tnh AT Advanced Technology da trn c s ca b
x l 80286. im mnh r nt ca loi bus ny l c th cho php cng mt lc x l
hoc trao i vi 16 bit d liu ngha l gp i bus PC.
m bo tnh tng thch so vi bus PC ngi ta a thm vo mt rnh
cm th hai thng hng so vi rnh cm th nht v c cha 36 tip im xp thnh
hai hng mi hng 18 tip im. Trn rnh cm th hai c cha 8 bit d liu v 4 ng
dn a ch. Nh vy trn bus ISA c tng cng 16 bit d liu v 24 bit a ch . Tc
truyn d liu c quy nh bi tc ng h c nh.
Nh vy trn bus ISA c mt bus d liu16 bit v chnh v l i khi bus ny
cn gi l bus ISA16 bit phn bit vi bus 8 bit ngoi ra n cn 24 bit a ch ch cho
php qun l 16 Mb b nh. Ging nh bus PC, n cng s dng tc ng h c nh
nhng khc v gi tr, c th l 8MHz.Mt li th rt ln ca card m rng dng vi bus
PC l chng c th cm c vo rnh cm ISA bi v bus ISA bo m tnh tng
thch k tha. C th ni card m rng ISA rt ph bin bi v chng th hin c tnh
nng u vit i vi hu ht cc ng dng ghp ni.

- 15 -

Cc linh kin c s dng trn card m rng ISA thng rt r, cho nn c th ni

trn thc t vic ghp ni bng card m rng ISA t ra l mt cng ngh qua th
thch v ng tin cy. ng dng tiu biu ca card m rng ISA 16 bit c th k ra l:
card vo ra ni tip v song song, card m thanh, card mng...
Nh vy m bo tnh tng thch vi loi bus PC 8 bit th rnh cm m rng
ISA 16 bit bao gm 2 phn: Phn th nht ging ht rnh cm PC, cc tip im hai
mt c nh s theo A v B. Phn th hai bao gm 36 tip im chia lm 2 hng mi
hng 18 tip im nh s l C v D.
u ni bus PC chun c cha cc dy A v B. Trn dy A c 20 a ch nh t
A0 n A19 v 8 ng dn d liu D0 n D7. Dy B c cha cc ng dn ngt nh
s t IRQ0 n IRQ7, cc ng cp ngun nui v cc ng dn iu khin khc. Phn
rnh cm b xungbao gm 2 dy C v D trn c thm 7 ng dn a ch t A17 n
A23 v cc ng dn d liu t D8 n D15 v cc ng dn ngt t IRQ10 n
IRQ14. Nh vy bus ISA 16 bit c nhng c im chnh sau:
S dng mt bus d liu 16 bit t D0 n D15. Mt bus a ch 24 bit t A0 n A23.
Tn hiu gi nhp CLK c t l 8,33 MHz.
Cc ng n SMENR v SMEMW dc s dng truyn d liu i vi 1
Mb thp nht ca b nh. C th l t 0 n FFFFh. Cn cc tn hiu MENR v MEMW
c s dng truyn d liu trong vng b nh gia 1 Mb(FFFFFh) v 16
Mb(FFFFFFh). Chng hn nu khi c t a ch 001000h th ng dn SMENR c
lm cho hot ng mc thp, trong khi nu nh a ch l 1F0000h th ng dn
SMENR c lm cho hot ng.

- 16 -

1.4.2. BUS PCI

Tc gi ca bus PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnection) l cng ty Intel. Cng
ty ny xy dng ln mt tiu chun ghp ni mi c tn l bus cc b PCI hay thng
gi tt l bus PCI dng cho b x l Pentium. Bus ny c thit k vi ch tiu: Tc
hot ng nhanh.
S bit truyn trn bus cao (64 bit).
Mc ch l y nhanh tc truy nhp p ng nhu cu tng tc trao i d liu
gia b nh, b x l, b iu khin a v card mn hnh.
Mt b vi mch ghp ni c s dng cho loi bus ny l chip PCI 82430 cho php
ghp ni trc tip vi bus.
c im: Ging VESA ch l cng truyn d liu bng cch s dng ng h h
thng nhng li th hin u im hn hn so vi bus VESA l c th hot ng ch
trn 32 bit thm ch cho n 64 bit. Do tc truyn cao nn trong cc my tnh c cu
trc bus PCI c th hn ch cc card m rng ghp ni xung cn 2 hoc 3 rnh. Thng
thng ch c card mn hnh v card iu khin a cng l s dng bus PCI. Nu d liu
c truyn trong ch 64 bit v tc ng h l 33 MHz th tc truyn d liu
cc i c th t n 264 Mbyte/s. phi hp kh nng truy nhp ca cc thit b khc
nhau ln bus PCI v bus ISA ngi ta s dng mt khi gi l cu vo ra v b tr nh sau:

- 17 -

Do c th truyn ch 64 bit c ngha l bus PCI t nht phi c 64 ng dn d

liu. V vy bnh thng bus PCI c kch thc tng thm gp i. Tuy vy, kch thc
thc khng th tng qu mc v ngi ta phi gii quyt bng cch tng mt chn trn
1 n v din tch. Chnh v l m chn cm ca bus PCI gn nhau hn v khng cn
tng thch c vi cc rnh cm PC hoc ISA.
Tc truyn cc i trn bus ny c th t ti 264 Mbyte/s. Tuy vy, tc ny
ch thc s t c khi dng phn mm 64 bit chy trn h thng c cha b x l
Pentium.
Cc rnh cm PCI u tin c lp rp trn mainboard vi b x l 80486, m b
x l ny ch s dng ch hot ng 32 bit do vy cng ch t n tc cc i 132
Mbyte/s.
C th ni bus PCI l kt qu ci tin ca cc bus dng cho my tnh PC
c sn, nhng v mt logic th khc hn vi bus ISA v bus VESA. Rnh cm PCI c rt
nhiu chn: Loi 32 bit c 62 chn trn mi hng v tng cng 124 chn. Loi 64 bit
c 94 chn x 2=188 chn. Thng thng b x l Pentium chy vi tc ng h h
thng l 33MHz hoc 50MHz.
Cn ch rng bus VESA ch c th hot ng tc truyn cc i ng vi
tn s 33MHz. Bi l mt cc chn cm rnh cm m rng PCI v VESA rt cao, cho
nn kh nng t ch to ra cc card m rng trong iu kin khng chuyn nghip
ghp ni vi cc bus ny l rt nh. V vy hai loi bus ny khng c trnh by chi tit
mc d cc mainboard c ch to gn y ddu c hai n ba rnh cm m rng PCI.
1.4.4. Ghp ni qua khe cm m rng
iu kin tin hnh: Phi c mt bn mch m rng, card phi hot ng tt. Phi c
phn mm ci t thch hp chnh thc ng k card vo trong h thng my tnh.
Cch gii quyt:
Mt s loi card m rng thng dng nh card modem, card m thanh, card vo ra th
chn gii php mua l thun li nht bi gi thnh gim m cht lng li m bo, l do l
cc card c sn xut trong iu kin cng nghip s lng ln nn gi thnh h ngoi ra
vic kim tra xut xng c tin hnh nghim chnh bi nh sn xut.
Vi mt s mc ch chuyn dng ngha l i tng ng dng tng i hp v s
lng cn khng nhiu th ta thng chn gii php t thit k v t lm, v d card dng
trong k thut o lng, thu thp s liu o lng, card iu khin i tng c th. C th v
mt k thut khng phc tp lm nhng ngc li ta mua thng rt t hoc khng th tm
mua c.
Trong k thut ghp ni thng dng thng ngi ta ch s dng rnh cm ISA 8 bit
hoc 16 bit. Trn cc bn mch chnh c ch to gn y thng cng c ba rnh cm ISA
16 bit t sn trn bn mch chnh. y chnh l ch np vo cc card bin i D/A v A/D
hoc l cc card to ra cc cng ghp ni khc nh to ra bus GPIB hoc RS-485... S d
bus ISA c dng nhiu bi v n c cu trc cng nh kch thc hnh hc tng i n
gin. Chnh v vy trong k thut ghp ni nhiu ti liu ch trnh by n loi rnh cm ny
CU HI V BI TP
Cu 1 : Tm hiu DTE v DCE v cc cch kt ni DTE vi DEC
Cu 2 : Xc nh khun dng d liu v biu tn hiu khi truyn ra ngoi thng qua
cng COM chui k t : ACDEF.
Cu 3: Xy dng th tc thit lp cc thng s cng COM.
Cu 4: Tm hiu ActiveX lp trnh cng COM.
Cu 5: Tm hiu cc thanh ghi ca b UATR 8250
- 18 -

Cu 6: Tm hiu c ch lp trnh cho UATR 8250.

Cu 7 : Tm hiu HID trong vn lp trnh USB.
Cu 8 : Trnh by cc bc thit lp thng s cng USB
Cu 9: Xy dng th tc xc nh v nh a cho cc thit b kt ni vi my tnh thng
qua cng USB.
Cu 10: Xy dng th tc cho php gi d liu ra ngoi qua 1 a ch cng USB c
nh trc.
Cu 11: Xy dng th tc cho php nhn d liu t ngoi vo qua 1 a ch cng USB
c nh trc.

- 19 -

Chng 2. BUS GHP NI A NNG

2.1. t vn
Mt loi Bus c s dng nhiu trong cc h thng o lng vi cht lng cao l bus
ghp ni a nng, hay cn gi l bus GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus). C th ni b
GIPS l mt h bus chun cho php thit b o ca nhu hng khc nhau cng ghp ni
hnh thnh mt h o lng, kim tra v iu khin.
tng khi xy dng bus IEE-488/GIPS l kt hp cc thit b o lng kim tra
dng trong cng nghip v thng mi, vi cc my tnh hnh thnh mt h thng theo
nhng ty chn khc nhau, c kh nng thc hin cc qu trnh kim tra v o lng di s
iu khin ca chng trnh my tnh, thng c vit bng BASIC.
2.2. Tiu chun IEEE-488 truyn thng

i tng
cn kim tra

My pht tn
hiu

Thit b o
a nng

My o cng
sut RF

My o tn
s

Giao din GPIB

My tnh

Cc mc logic trn bus ni chung u ging mc TTL : mc thp nh hn hoc bng

0.8V, trong khi mc cao ln hn 2V. Tn hiu logic c th c ni vi cc thit b o qua
dy cp nhiu sik vi chiu di tng cng ti 20m. Thng thng cc thit b o phi t cc
nhau t nht l 2m. Nu nh cc dy cp u c chiu di mc thp nht th chiu di tnh ra
m ca cc dy cp s gp 2 ln s cc tht b c ghp ni trn h thng. Hu ht cc h
thng IEEE-4888/ GPIB hot ng bnh thng vi tc truyn 250 kbyte/s hoc nhanh hn
nu chp nhn 1 s hn ch c th.
Bus GPIB bao gm 24 ng dn, cc ng ny c ni vi u ni 24 chn. Cc
thit b o lng v kim tra c d tnh dng vi bos GPIB u c lp sn mt s u
ni 24chn mt sau. ng thi cng c 1 chuyn mch 2 hng (DIP) nh a ch cho bus
GPIB c lp sau mt sau, thng ngay cnh u ni. Nhim v ca chuyn mch l t
a ch nh phn 5bit, m thit b c nh v tr trong h thng, c th quyt nh : c
hoc khng c thit b, hoc ch l mt thnh vin nghe hoc ch l thnh vin ni v quy nh
mt s chi tit c th khc.
- 20 -

8 ng
d liu

GPIB

3 ng
bt tay

Cc ng tn
hiu

5 ng qun l
giao din
Ni t

2.3. Cu hnh v hot ng ca Bus GPIB

H thng IEE 488/GPIB c th c chia ra 2 loi cu hnh c bn : ni tip v hnh
sao. Cc cu hnh dng ny c to ra nh cch u ni dy cp gia cc thnh vin ca bus
c th (gia cc thit b o lng v my tnh iu khin). Cu hnh theo kiu ni tip ghp
ni cc thit b thnh mt dy k tip nhau, trong o u ni cho mt thit b o tip theo
c cm vo u ni ca mt thit o ng trc y. Trong cu hnh dng sao, cc thit b
c ni t mt im chung.

Cc bus trong h thnga IEEE-488/GPIB c th chia thnh 3 loi : bus d liu, bus bt
tay v bus qun l. Mi ng dn trong tng bus u c 1 vch in tng t vi mch
in. Ben cnh it bo v mc song song vo in dung phn b k sinh, cng c cc in
tr ni ln ngun v ni xung mass, xc iinh mt cc c hiu qu tr khng li va tiu
chun ha.

- 21 -

Vcc

B iu khin

BUS

B nhn

c ni ti ng bus l cc mch in ca thnh vin nhn v cc mch in ca b

iu khin. Cc mch ny tng t vi cc phn t logic TTL, bo m vic nhp vo v xut
d liu ra cc thit b o. B iu khin c mt li ra u vo bus v c thit k trn c s
mt kinh kin 3 trng thi. Linh kin s khngphn ng g cho n khi c lnh ng mch.
Nh vy, li ra 3 trng thi s tri ni tr khng cao cho n khi c ng mch. B nhn
l 1 b m khng o vi li vo tr khng cao.
Cch b tr ca cc b iu khin v cc b nhn theo cch ny bo m c oc nh
ti thp t bus v y l l do v sao c th u nhiu mch ti vo mt ng bus.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by tiu chun IEEE-488 truyn thng
2. Trnh by cu hnh v hot ng ca Bus GPIB

- 22 -

Chng 3. VNG O IN P
3.1.Truyn d liu bng vng dng in
Thay cho vic dng mc ien p, vic truyn d liu cn c th c tin hnh nh s
chuyn mc dng in (thay i gi tr dng in).
C th tm hiu vng dng in thng qua v d v th l vng dng in 20 mA. Giao
din vng dng 20 mA ra i trc khi RS-232 c xem l mt tiu chun. Giao din ny
cn c gi l giao din TTY hoc thng c gi l vng dng in, m t trng thi
login qua tc ng cho khng cho 1 dng in vi cng 20mA i qua, ngha l vic gi
d liu c th quan nim 1 cch n gin nh vic ng mch cho dng ien chy qua.
Giao din dng 20mA c chia thnh 2 phn : ch ng (c ngun dng khng i 20 mA)
v b ng ( ngun dng khng i 20 mA c to ra pha thit b ghp ni). Nh vy, bao
gi cng mt trong cc thnh vin kia l b ng. c th ch ng to thnh mt mch kn
i vi dng in loi giao din dng 20 mA dng cho my tnh PC c cha 1 b bin i
DC/DC, qua giao din cung cp ng lng 2 chn ni cc vng gi v nhn c th
hot ng
giao din dng 20 mA c nhng tn hiu sau :
- TxD (+) d liu gi (ng dn v)
- TxD (-) d liu gi (ng dn i)
- RxD (+) d liu nhn (ng dn i)
- RxD (-) d liu nhn (ng dn v)
Thng thng th giao din dng 20 mA khng c tn hiu dng bt tay khi thit
lp ng truyn. Vi giao din ny, vic truyn d liu trn khong cch c 1.000m hon
ton c th thc hin c bi v nhiu sinh ra trn ng truyn nh hng cm ng ln c
ng dn tn hiu i cng nh n v do vy b loi tr. Mun th ng dn i v ng
dn v phi t st nhau, sao cho khi mt tn hiu nhiu xut hin th cng nh hng ln c 2
ng tn hiu, chng hn c th dng loi 2 dy xon vi nhau lm ng truyn. Tt nhin
l vi cch giao tip ny khng th c c tc truyn cao.
3.2. Vng dng in 60mA
H thng dng 60 mA c m t theo hnh v di cho thy mt trong cc my in
bo in ch c th c ni vi cng li ra ni tip tng thch TTL nh th no. Trong nhiu
trng hp, mt bit ca mt cng song song s c cu hnh nh 1 cng ni tip thng qua
hoc l phn mm hoc l b sung thm cho phn cng. Bit c thp nht (LSB) ca cng song
song c ch nh nh u ra ni tip.
Mc TTL t cng ra ni tip iu khin cc gc ca tranzito cng sut NPN, chu in
p cao. Hai cc gp pht ca tranzito c u ni tip vi vng dng in 60 mA v nh
vy n hot ng nh mt chuyn mch (cng tc). Khi mc TTL l HIGH, tranzito T1 m
v dng in chy trong vng. Ngc li, khi bit TTL l LOW, tranzito chuyn sang trng
thi cm v s khng c dng in i qua mch. Do , tranzito cung cp mt mc logic 1,
khi bit TTL l HIGH, mc logic 0 khi l LOW.
Vng dng in c nui t ngun mt chiu 120 140 V, c mt bin tr iu chnh
c mc ni tip, uwocj s dng t gn ng mc dng in.
Mc dng in trong vng ien 60mA c iu chnh bng cch ngt vng v chn
vo mch mt mili ampe k vi thang o 0 100 mA.
Mt phm s c nhn trn bn phm, mtmc HIGH phi c vit vo cng li ra
ni tip. Tc ng ny s ng mch vng v cho php dng i qua. Chit p R2, c ni
vi bin tr, khi s tin hnh iu chnh cho dng in i qua xp x 60mA

- 23 -

X
R1
220

D1
IN4007

T1
MJE340

My in
bo 60 WPM

R2

Cng li ra
TTL, LBS

Ngun nui
130 V DC

Khi dng 60 mA vht qua cc cun dy s to ra mt t trng xung quanh tng cun.
Khi bt ng lm gin on dng in s lm cho t trng gim t ngt v xut hin 1 xung
in p cao do hin tng cm ng in t. Kt qu l xung in p ny co th lm hng cc
linh kin bn dn v ta phi ngh n kh nng a ra cc bin php bo v. Chc nng ny
c it D1 m nhim, it ny l loi chnh lu c in p ngc tnh theo nh bng
1000V (PIV). Bnh thng it D1 c thin p ngc, ch tr khi xung in p xut hin
ny mi b phn cc thun v dp t ngay xung in ny trc khi n kp gy hi.
3.3. Vng dng in 20mA
+5 V DC
R1
220
IC 1
D1
IN400
7

+
Li ra 20 mA
-

D liu
u vo
U1
Chun vong dng ien mi hn s dng dong in vi cng 20 mA chomc
logic 1 v dng in 0 cho n 2mA cho mc logic 0. Vng dng in 20mA c s
dng trn my in bo in ch Model 33 c ttt c cc kiu my k tip. Cc my s dng
dng 20mA u s dng m ASCII.
Hnh trn ch ra 1 phng php n gin cho php s dng b ghp ni quang ghp
ni cng truyn ni tip ca my tnh vi mt vng dng in 20 mA. Khi li vo d liu l
HIGH, c ngha 1 trng thi nh du mc logic 1, th li ra ca b o cc gp h (U1) s
- 24 -

chuyn sang mc LOW, do cc m ca it pht quang s ni t. Tc ng ny s lm

m tranzito, v cho php dng in i qua mch. Li mt ln na, mt it hot ng trong
ch phn cc ngc c s dng ngn nga hng hc v cc phin phc khc gy ra
bi xung in cm ng pht sinh khi cc cun dy phng in.
3.4. Vng dng in 4 n 20mA
My ghi Anlalog

My ghi Anlalog

My ghi Anlalog

Vng dng 4 - 20 mA
Vin 0

B bin i in
p ra dng in

Trong k thut iu khin cc qu trnh cng nghip, ngi ta thng s dng h thng
vng dng in truyn cc s liu o lng. Hnh trn th hin 1 h thng tiu biu, trong
3 thit b khc nhau thc hin nhim v trong cng 1 vng dng in.
Trn mt s b ch th dng in di dng s ang lu hnh trn th trng, ta thy di
o khng phait l 0-20 mA m l 4-20 mA. Cc b ch th ny cho php t 4 mA n 20 mA.
Mc ch ca vic s dng vng dng in ny l truyn cc gi tr nm trong 1 vng, m t
cc thng s ang c o. Ton b vng c rng l 10 mA, nhng do vic chn gi tr
nh nht l 4 mA c th tng dng in cc i n 20 mA. Nguyn nhn ca s lch, v
cung l mt trong nhng u im ca vng dng in 4-20 mA so vi cc vng dng in
khc l trng thi li vo 0 c biu din bi 1 dng in khc 0, c th l 4 mA. Do ,
trong vng dng in 4 - 20 mA c th d dng phn bit gia 1 gi tr tham s 0 v trng thi
dng in bng 0 do c s c trn mch vng (chp mch hoc t mch) lm mt i tn hiu
dng in.

CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by vng dng in 60mA
2. Trnh by vng dng in 20mA
3. Trnh by vng dng in 4 n 60mA

- 25 -

Chng 4. CC MCH IU KHIN VI B BIN I A/D

4.1. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ICL7107
Nhiu ngi s dng my tnh quan tm n ng dng trong o lng v iu khin,
nhng bt tay vo cng vic cn c thm nhng phn cng thch hp, ng vai tr ghp
ni trung gian gia my tnh v phn cng bn ngoi. Mt b phn khng th thiu c l
card bin i A/D v D/A m l do n gin l cc tn hiu m t lnh, trng thi hoc d
liu trong my tnh u tn ti di dng s.
Cc thng s c trng :
- Cho php thc hin 8 php o trong 1 giy khi hot ng trong ch 1 knh. Trong
ch 8 knh th mi php o mt giy.
- Cung cp cc gi tr o trong vng t -1999 n +1999.
- phn gii tng ng vi 12 bit, ngha l 4096 bc hoc 2048 bc.
- C kh nng nhn dng trng thi vt qu gii hn o.
- C li vo vi phn, c th l c th o in p gia 2 li vo analog.
Card c m rng sao cho sau khi kt thc 1 qu trnh bin i A/D th mt ngt c
xa v chng trnh chy trn my tnh c th x l ngay gi tr o, ngoi ra vic thu thp kt
qu o lng c th tin hnh ngay sau my tnh, ngha l trong khi my tnh thc hi cc
cng vic khc.
S khi :

In +
Khi
iu
khin
logic v
gii m
a ch

B bin i
A/D
In -

....

Bus PC 8 bit

in p
so snh

....

B m
bus

in p nui ngun

4.2. Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ADC547

u im ca ADC 547 :
- in tr li vo ln
- Vng in p li vo rt rng
- Kh nng inh a ch phong ph
- Tt c cc tc ng u c iu khin bng phn mm
- Gi thnh khng cao
- 26 -

- Mch in c phc tp va phi

Cc thng s c trng :
- C kh nng ghp ni qua khe cm PC
- B bin i A/D c 12 bt
- Thi gian bin i 25 micro giy
- C 16 li vo hot ng ch dn knh
- in p li vo 0 5 +V hoc -2V - + 2V
- C in p so snh 10v bn trong
- a ch c bn ca card v vng in p li vo c t bng cu ni (jumper)
- iu khin cc qu trnh trn card bng PPI ph dng 8255
- C 8 li vo/ra vi mc analog
- Dng in tiu th 200 mA ly t khe cm m rng ca my tnh
4.3. Card bin i ADA 9-16 bit
Card ADA 9-16bit c 8 li vo v 8 li ra cho php card m rng c th s dng trong
nhiu mc ch o lng v iu khin vi chinh xc cao.
Cc c im chnh :
- phn gii cao : 9- 16 bit
- chnh xc cao nhtl 0.05% khi tc bin i l 4 php o mi giy
- Bng kh nng lp trnh, c th n inh phn gii bng 9 bit, khi tc bin i
c 500 php o mi giy. Trc khi n b bin i A/D, tn hiu qua b dn knh
vi 8 knh, v th c tng cng n 8 in p li vo c th x l c.
Khi xut ra, b bin i ADA 16 c mt bin i s / tng t vi phn gii 12 bit
v chnh xc l 0.025%, c m rng bng mt mch ly mu v gi. Nh vy c
tng cng 8 in p li vo c x l cng nh 8 in p analog c xut ra. Cc di
in p u nm trong vng -2v n + 2v.
S khi :
Mch in ca card bin i ADA 9-16 bit c 3 phn vi 3 chc nng khc nhau :
- B gii m a ch v m d liu
- B bin i tng t/ s cng vi b dn knh t pha trc
- B bin i s/ tng t cng vi b dn knh/ m t pha sau
B gii m a ch vo/ra gii m 4 a ch vo/ra k tipnhau iu khin cc linh
kin khc nhau ca card ghp ni. Ngoi ra, b gii m ny cn iu khin vic
chuyn hng dng cho b m bus d liu, ni cc ng dn d liu ca my
tnh vi cc ng dn d liu ca b bin i ca A/D cng nh D/A

- 27 -

-2 V . . . 0 V . . . + 2 V

-2 V . . . 0 V . . . + 2 V

B dn knh

B dn knh
B bin i A/D c
iu khin
B bin i D/A

B
phn
gii

B gii m a ch v m d liu

Bus my tnh
Phn th 2 l b bin i tng t/s c b tr sau b dn knh 8 li va, ngoi ra
cn c mch in iu chnh phn gii cho php n nh chnh xc ca b bin i
trong tng trng hp c th. chnh xc cng cao th s lng php o c thc hin
trong mt n v thi gian cng nh. c phn gii l 16 bit th thi gian bin i cho
mi gi tr o c 260 ms, tng ng tc x l l 4 php o mi giy. Khi chn phn
gii bng 9 bit c ti c 500 php o c thc hin trong 1 giy. Tm knh li vo c x
l k tip nhau qua b dn keenh v c nh gi nh lng bng b bin i A/D
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ICL7107
2. Trnh by Card bin i A/D 12 bit dng ADC547
3. Trnh by Card bin i ADA 9-16 bit

- 28 -

Chng 5. T NG HA VI PCL S7-200

5.1. B iu khin kh trnh PCL
Hnh thnh t nhm cc k s hng General Motors nm 1968 vi tng ban u
l thit k mt b iu khin tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- Lp trnh d dng, ngn ng lp trnh d hiu.
- D dng sa cha thay th.
- n nh trong mi trng cng nghip.
- Gi c cnh tranh.
Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh (PLC: Programmable Logic Control) l loi thit b
cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua mt ngn ng lp trnh,
thay cho vic th hin thut ton bng mch s.

Nh vy, vi chng trnh iu khin trong mnh, PLC tr thnh b iu khin s nh

gn, d thay i thut ton v c bit d trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh (vi
cc PLC khc hoc vi my tnh). Ton b chng trnh iu khin c lu nh trong b
nh PLC di dng cc khi chng trnh (khi OB, FC hoc FB) v thc hin lp theo chu
k ca vng qut.

c th thc hin c mt chng trnh iu khin, tt nhin PLC phi c tnh nng
nh mt my tnh, ngha l phi c mt b vi x l (CPU), mt h iu hnh, b nh lu
chng trnh iu khin, d liu v cc cng vo/ra giao tip vi i tng iu khin v
trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh. Bn cnh , nhm phc v bi ton iu khin
s, PLC cn cn phi c thm cc khi chc nng c bit khc nh b m (Counter), b
nh th (Timer) v nhng khi hm chuyn dng.
- 29 -

5.2. Son tho chng trnh vi PCL

Cc loi PLC ni chung thng c nhiu ngn ng lp trnh nhm phc v cc i
tng s dng khc nhau. PLC S7-300 c 5 ngn ng lp trnh c bn. l:
Ngn ng hnh thang, k hiu l LAD (Ladder logic).

y l ngn ng ho thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch logic.

- 30 -

Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu l STL (Statement list).

y l dng ngn ng lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c
ghp gi nhiu cu lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u c
cu trc chung l tn lnh + ton hng.

Ngn ng hnh khi, k hiu l FBD (Function Block Diagram).

y cng l ngn ng ho thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch iu khin

s.
Ngn ng GRAPH.
y l ngn ng lp trnh cp cao dng ho. Cu trc chng trnh r rng, chng
trnh ngn gn. Thch hp cho ngi trong ngnh c kh vn quen vi gin Grafcet ca kh
nn.

- 31 -

Ngn ng HIGH GRAPH.

CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by B iu khin kh trnh PCL
2. Thc hnh lp trnh PLC

- 32 -

Chng 6. H VI IU KHIN 8951

6.1. Cu trc phn cng
8951 c tt c 40 chn c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp. Trong c 24 chn c
tc dng kp (c ngha l 1 chn c 2 chc nng), mi ng c th hot ng nh ng
xut nhp hoc nh ng iu khin hoc l thnh phn ca cc bus d liu v bus a ch.
Cc Port:

U2
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
19
18
9
31

P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
P0.5/AD5
P0.6/AD6
P0.7/AD7
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
XTAL1
XTAL2
RST

P2.0/A8
P2.1/A9
P2.2/A10
P2.3/A11
P2.4/A12
P2.5/A13
P2.6/A14
P2.7/A15
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INTO
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/TO
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P3.7/RD
PSEN
ALE/PROG

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
29
30

EA/VPP
AT89C51

Port 0:
Port 0 l port c 2 chc nng cc chn 32 - 39 ca 8951. Trong cc thit k c nh
khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng I/O. i vi cc thit k c ln
c b nh m rng, n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu.
Port 1:
Port 1 l port I/O trn cc chn 1-8. Cc chn c k hiu P1.0, P1.1, p1.2, ... p1.7 c
th dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi nu cn. Port 1 khng c chc nng khc, v vy
chng ch c dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi.
Port 2:
Port 2 l 1 port c tc dng kp trn cc chn 21- 28 c dng nh cc ng xut
nhp hoc l byte cao ca bus a ch i vi cc thit b dng b nh m rng.

- 33 -

Port 3:
Port 3 l port c tc dng kp trn cc chn 10-17. Cc chn ca port ny c nhiu chc
nng, cc cng dng chuyn i c lin h vi cc c tnh c bit ca 8951 nh bng sau:
Bit
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7

Tn
RXT
TXD
INT0\
INT1\
T0
T1
WR\
RD\

Chc nng chuyn i

Ng vo d liu ni tip.
Ng xut d liu ni tip.
Ng vo ngt cng th 0
Ng vo ngt cng th 1
Ng vo caTIMER/COUNTER th 0.
Ng vo caTIMER/COUNTER th 1.
Tn hiu ghi d liu ln b nh ngoi
Tn hiu c b nh d liu ngoi.

Cc ng tn hiu iu khin:
Ng tn hiu PSEN (Program store enable):
PSEN l tn hiu ng ra chn 29 c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh m
rng thng c ni n chn OE\ (output enable) ca Eprom cho php c cc byte m
lnh.
PSEN mc thp trong thi gian Microcontroller 8951 ly lnh. Cc m lnh ca
chng trnh c c t Eprom qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh bn trong
8951 gii m lnh. Khi 8951 thi hnh chng trnh trong EPROM ni PSEN s mc
logic 1.
Ng tn hiu iu khin ALE (Address Latch Enable)
Khi 8951 truy xut b nh bn ngoi, port 0 c chc nng l bus a ch v bus d liu
do phi tch cc ng d liu v a ch. Tn hiu ra ALE chn th 30 dng lm tn
hiu iu khin gii a hp cc ng a ch v d liu khi kt ni chng vi IC cht.
Tn hiu ra chn ALE l mt xung trong khong thi gian port 0 ng vai tr l a
ch thp nn cht a ch hon ton t ng.
Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trn chip v c th c
dng lm tn hiu clock cho cc phn khc ca h thng. Chn ALE c dng lm ng vo
xung lp trnh cho EPROM trong 8951.
Ng tn hiu EA\(External Access):
Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0. Nu mc 1,
8951 thi hnh chng trnh t EPROM ni trong khong a ch thp 4 Kbyte. Nu mc 0,
8951 s thi hnh chng trnh t b nh m rng. Chn EA\ c ly lm chn cp ngun
12V khi lp trnh cho Eprom trong 8951.
Ng tn hiu RST (Reset) :
Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo Reset ca 8951. Khi ng vo tn hiu ny a ln cao
t nht l 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong c np nhng gi tr thch hp khi
ng h thng. Khi cp in mch t ng Reset.
Cc ng vo b dao ng X1,X2:
B dao ng c c tch hp bn trong 8951, khi s dng 8951 ngi thit k ch
cn kt ni thm thch anh v cc t nh hnh v trong s . Tn s thch anh thng s
dng cho 8951 l 12Mhz.
Chn 40 (Vcc) c ni ln ngun 5V.
- 34 -

6.2. Tp lnh
Tp lnh h MSC-51 c s kim tra ca cc mode nh v v cc lnh ca chng c
cc Opcode 8 bit. iu ny cung cp kh nng 28= 256 lnh c thi hnh v mt lnh khng
c nh ngha. Vi lnh c 1 hoc 2 byte bi d liu hoc a ch thm vo Opcode. Trong
ton b cc lnh c 139 lnh 1 byte, 92 lnh 2 byte v 24 lnh 3 byte.
Cc mode nh v (Addressing Mode) :
Cc mode nh v l mt b phn thng nht ca tp lnh. Chng cho php nh r
ngun hoc ni gi ti ca d liu cc ng khc nhau ty thuc vo trng thi ca ngi
lp trnh. 8951 c 8 mode nh v c dng nh sau:

Thanh ghi.

Trc tip.

Gin tip.

Tc thi.

Tng i.

Tuyt i.

Di.

nh v.
Cc kiu lnh (Instruction Types):
8951 chia ra 5 nhm lnh chnh:
Cc lnh s hc.
ADD A, <src, byte>
ADD A, Rn
: (A) (A) + (Rn)
ADD A, direct
: (A) (A) + (direct)
ADD A, @ Ri
: (A) (A) + ((Ri))
ADD A, # data
: (A) (A) + # data
ADDC A, Rn
: (A) (A) + (C) + (Rn)
ADDC A, direct
: (A) (A) + (C) + (direct)
ADDC A, @ Ri
: (A) (A) + (C) + ((Ri))
ADDC A, # data
: (A) (A) + (C) + # data
SUBB A, <src, byte>
SUBB A, Rn
: (A) (A) - (C) - (Rn)
SUBB A, direct
: (A) (A) - (C) - (direct)
SUBB A, @ Ri
: (A) (A) - (C) - ((Ri))
SUBB A, # data
: (A) (A) - (C) - # data
INC <byte>
INC A
: (A) (A) + 1
INC direct
: (direct) (direct) + 1
INC Ri
: ((Ri)) ((Ri)) + 1
INC Rn
: (Rn) (Rn) + 1
INC DPTR
: (DPTR) (DPTR) + 1
DEC <byte>
DEC A
: (A) (A) - 1
DEC direct
: (direct) (direct) - 1
- 35 -

DEC @Ri
DEC Rn
MULL AB

: ((Ri)) ((Ri)) - 1
: (Rn) (Rn) - 1
: (A) LOW [(A) x (B)];c nh hng c OV
: (B) HIGH [(A) x (B)];c Cary c xa.
DIV AB
: (A) Integer Result of [(A)/(B)]; c OV
: (B) Remainder of [(A)/(B)]; c Carry xa
DA
A
:iu chnh thanh ghi A thnh s BCD ng trong php cng
BCD (thng DA A i km vi ADD, ADDC)
Nu [(A3-A0)>9] v [(AC)=1] (A3A0) (A3A0) + 6.
Nu [(A7-A4)>9] v [(C)=1] (A7A4) (A7A4) + 6.
Lnh logic.
Tt c cc lnh logic s dng thanh ghi A nh l mt trong nhng ton hng thc thi
mt chu k my, ngoi A ra mt 2 chu k my. Nhng hot ng logic c th c thc hin
trn bt k byte no trong v tr nh d liu ni m khng qua thanh ghi A.
Cc hot ng logic c tm tt nh sau:
ANL <dest - byte> <src - byte>
ANL A, Rn
: (A) (A) AND (Rn).
ANL A, direct
: (A) (A) AND (direct).
ANL A,@ Ri : (A) (A) AND ((Ri)).
ANL A, # data
: (A) (A) AND (# data).
ANL direct, A
: (direct) (direct) AND (A).
ANL direct, # data : (direct) (direct) AND # data.
ORL <dest - byte> <src - byte>
ORL A, Rn
: (A) (A) OR (Rn).
ORL A, direct
: (A) (A) OR (direct).
ORL A,@ Ri : (A) (A) OR ((Ri)).
ORL A, # data
: (A) (A) OR # data.
ORL direct, A
: (direct) (direct) OR (A).
ORL direct, # data : (direct) (direct) OR # data.
XRL <dest - byte> <src - byte>
XRL A, Rn
: (A) (A) (Rn).
XRL A, direct
: (A) (A) (direct).
XRL A,@ Ri : (A) (A) ((Ri)).
XRL A, # data
: (A) (A) # data.
XRL direct, A
: (direct) (direct) (A).
XRL direct, # data : (direct) (direct) # data.
CLR A
: (A) 0
CLR C
: (C) 0
CLR Bit
: (Bit) 0
RL
A
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua tri 1 bit
(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(A0) (A7)
RLC A
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua tri 1 bit c c Carry
- 36 -

RR

RRC

SWAP A

(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(C) (A7)
(A0) (C)
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua phi 1 bit
(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(A0) (A7)
: Quay vng thanh ghi A qua phi 1 bit c c Carry
(An + 1) (An); n = 06
(C) (A7)
(A0) (C)
: i ch 4 bit thp v 4 bit cao ca A cho nhau (A3A0)(A7A4).

Dch chuyn d liu.

Cc lnh dch chuyn d liu trong nhng vng nh ni thc thi 1 hoc 2 chu k my.
Mu lnh MOV <destination>, <source> cho php di chuyn d liu bt k 2 vng nh no
ca RAM ni hoc cc vng nh ca cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit m khng thng qua
thanh ghi A.
Vng Ngn xp ca 8951 ch cha 128 byte RAM ni, nu con tr Ngn xp SP c
tng qu a ch 7FH th cc byte c PUSH vo s mt i v cc byte POP ra th khng bit
r.
Cc lnh dch chuyn b nh ni v b nh ngoi dng s nh v gin tip. a ch
gin tip c th dng a ch 1 byte (@ Ri) hoc a ch 2 byte (@ DPTR). Tt c cc lnh
dch chuyn hot ng trn ton b nh ngoi thc thi trong 2 chu k my v dng thanh ghi
A lm ton hng DESTINATION.
Vic c v ghi RAM ngoi (RD v WR) ch tch cc trong sut qu trnh thc thi ca
lnh MOVX, cn bnh thng RD v WR khng tch cc (mc 1).
Tt c cc lnh dch chuyn u khng nh hng n c. Hot ng ca tng lnh
c tm tt nh sau:
MOV A,Rn
: (A) (Rn)
MOV A, direct
: (A) (direct)
MOV A, @ Ri
: (A) ((Ri))
MOV A, # data
: (A) # data
MOV Rn, A
: (Rn) (A)
MOV Rn, direct
: (Rn) (direct)
MOV Rn, # data
: (Rn) # data
MOV direct, A
: (direct) (A)
MOV direct, Rn
: (direct) (Rn)
MOV direct, direct : (direct) (direct)
MOV direct, @ Ri : (direct) ((Ri))
MOV direct, # data : (direct) data
MOV @ Ri, A
: ((Ri)) (A)
MOV @ Ri, direct : ((Ri)) (direct)
MOV @ Ri, # data : ((Ri)) # data
MOV DPTR, # data16
: (DPTR) # data16
MOV A, @ A + DPTR
: (A) (A) + (DPTR)
- 37 -

MOV @ A + PC

: (PC) (PC) + 1
(A) (A) + (PC)
MOVX A, @ Ri
: (A) ((Ri))
MOVX A, @ DPTR : (A) ((DPTR))
MOVX @ Ri, A
: ((Ri)) (A)
MOVX @ DPTR, A : ((DPTR)) (A)
PUSH direct : Ct d liu vo Ngn xp
(SP) (SP) + 1
(SP) (Drirect)
POP direct
: Ly t Ngn xp ra direct
(direct) ((SP))
(SP) (SP) - 1
XCH A, Rn
: i ch ni dung ca A vi Rn
(A) (Rn)
XCH A, direct
: (A) (direct)
XCH A, @ Ri
: (A) ((Ri))
XCHD A, @ Ri
: i ch 4 bit thp ca (A) vi ((Ri))
(A3A0) ((Ri3Ri0))
L lun.
8951 cha mt b x l lun l y cho cc hot ng bit n, y l mt im mnh
ca h vi iu khin MSC-51 m cc h vi iu khin khc khng c.
RAM ni cha 128 bit n v v cc vng nh cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit cp ln
n 128 n v khc. Tt c cc ng Port l bit nh v, mi ng c th c x l nh
Port n v ring bit. Cch truy xut cc bit ny khng ch cc lnh r nhnh khng, m l
mt danh mc y cc lnh MOVE, SET, CLEAR, COMPLEMENT, OR, AND.
Ton b s truy xut ca bit dng s nh v trc tip vi nhng a ch t 00H - 7FH
trong 128 vng nh thp v 80H - FFH cc vng thanh ghi chc nng c bit.
Bit Carry C trong thanh ghi PSW\ ca t trng thi chng trnh v c dng nh mt
s tch ly n ca b x l lun l. Bit Carry cng l bit nh v v c a ch trc tip v n
nm trong PSW. Hai lnh CLR C v CLR CY u c cng tc dng l xa bit c Carry nhng
lnh ny mt 1 byte cn lnh sau mt 2 byte.
Hot ng ca cc lnh lun l c tm tt nh sau:
CLR C
: Xa c Carry xung 0. C nh hng c Carry.
CLR BIT
: Xa bit xung 0. Khng nh hng c Carry
SET C
: Set c Carry ln 1. C nh hng c Carry.
SET BIT
: Set bit ln 1. Khng nh hng c Carry.
CPL C
: o bit c Carry. C nh hng c Carry.
CPL BIT
: o bit. Khng nh hng c Carry.
ANL C, BIT : (C) (C) AND (BIT) : C nh hng c Carry.
ANL C, /BIT : (C) (C) AND NOT (BIT):Khng nh hng c Carry.
ORL C, BIT : (C) (C) OR (BIT) : Tc ng c Carry.
ORL C, /BIT : (C) (C) OR NOT (BIT) : Tc ng c Carry.
- 38 -

MOV C, BIT : (C) (BIT) : C Carry b tc ng.

MOV BIT, C : (BIT) (C) : Khng nh hng c Carry.
R nhnh chng trnh.
C nhiu lnh iu khin ln chng trnh bao gm vic gi hoc tr li t chng
trnh con hoc chia nhnh c iu kin hay khng c iu kin.
Tt c cc lnh r nhnh u khng nh hng n c. Ta c th nh nhn cn nhy ti
m khng cn r a ch, trnh bin dch s t a ch ni cn nhy ti vo ng khu lnh
a ra.
Sau y l s tm tt tng hot ng ca lnh nhy.
JC
rel
: Nhy n rel nu c Carry C = 1.
JNC rel
: Nhy n rel nu c Carry C = 0.
JB
bit, rel
: Nhy n rel nu (bit) = 1.
JNB bit, rel
: Nhy n rel nu (bit) = 0.
JBC bit, rel
: Nhy n rel nu bit = 1 v xa bit.
ACALL
addr11: Lnh gi tuyt i trong page 2K.
(PC) (PC) + 2
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC7PC0)
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC15PC8)
(PC10PC0) page Address.
LCALL addr16: Lnh gi di chng trnh con trong 64K.
(PC) (PC) + 3
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC7PC0)
(SP) (SP) + 1
((SP)) (PC15PC8)
(PC) Addr15Addr0.
RET
: Kt thc chng trnh con tr v chng trnh chnh.
(PC15PC8) (SP)
(SP) (SP) - 1
(PC7PC0) ((SP))
(SP) (SP) -1.
RETI
: Kt thc th tc phc v ngt quay v chng trnh chnh hot
ng tng t nh RET.
AJMP Addr11
: Nhy tuyt i khng iu kin trong 2K.
(PC) (PC) + 2
(PC10PC0) page Address.
LJMP Addr16
: Nhy di khng iu kin trong 64K
Hot ng tng t lnh LCALL.
SJMP rel
:Nhy ngn khng iu kin trong (-128127) byte
(PC) (PC) + 2
(PC) (PC) + byte 2
- 39 -

JMP @ A + DPTR:Nhy khng iu kin n a ch (A) + (DPTR)

(PC) (A) + (DPTR)
JZ
rel
: Nhy n A = 0. Thc hnh lnh k nu A 0.
(PC) (PC) + 2
(A) = 0 (PC) (PC) + byte 2
JNZ rel
: Nhy n A 0. Thc hnh lnh k nu A = 0.
(PC) (PC) + 2
(A) < > 0 (PC) (PC) + byte 2
CJNE A, direct, rel : So snh v nhy n A direct
(PC) (PC) + 3
(A) < > (direct) (PC) (PC) + Relative Address.
(A) < (direct) C = 1
(A) > (direct) C = 0
(A) = (direct). Thc hnh lnh k tip
CJNE A, # data, rel : Tng t lnh CJNE A, direct, rel.
CJNE Rn, # data, rel : Tng t lnh CJNE A, direct, rel.
CJNE @ Ri, # data, rel : Tng t lnh CJNE A, direct, rel.
DJNE Rn, rel : Gim Rn v nhy nu Rn 0.
(PC) (PC) + 2
(Rn) (Rn) -1
(Rn) < > 0 (PC) (PC) + byte 2.
DJNZ direct, rel
: Tng t lnh DJNZ Rn, rel.
CU HI V BI TP
1. Trnh by Cu trc phn cng vi iu khin 8951
2. Thc hnh lp trnh cho vi iu khin 8951

- 40 -

 THI MU
1 :
Cu 1: Nu cu trc cng, ngha cc chn cm ca cng LPT.
Xc nh khun dng d liu ca cng COM l bao nhiu khi truyn i 5 k t
EFGHIvi 1 bit start,8bit a,1 bit Parity, 2 bit stop?
Cu 2:
X
Strobe

AutoFeed

V
Reset

Lp trnh cho cc n LED ni vi cng LPT

theo s bn ln lt thay nhau pht sng theo chu
k 2 giy.

Cu 3 : Xy dng th tc cho php qut v cp pht ID cho cc thit b ng c u

ni giao din kt ni USB ca my tnh
Gi p n
Cu 1 : Lit k danh sch cc chn tn hiu (tn, s hiu chaanm chiu, ngha chn
tn hiu)
Chuyn i chui k t sang m ASCIII 8bit , xc nh khun dng d liu, v s
tn hiu.
Cu 2 : Xc nh thanh ghi no cn s dng cng nh cc gi tr ca thanh ghi theo
cc yu cu ca bi, tin hnh vit on chng trnh a np gi tr vo cc thanh ghi
thng qua cc thng s c xc nh trc tng ng vi yu cu bi.
Cu 3 : S dng cc hm v th tc API v HID xy dng chng trnh.
2 :
Cu 1: Nu cu trc u cm, cp ni ca Bus ghp ni a nng ni tip.
Xc nh khun dng d liu ca cng COM l bao nhiu khi truyn i 5 k t
ABCDEvi 1 bit start,8bit a,1 bit Parity, 1 bit stop
Cu 2:
X
D5

Lp trnh cho cc n LED ni vi cng LPT

theo s bn ln lt thay nhau pht sng theo chu k
3 giy.

D6

V
D7

Cu 3: Xy dng th tc cho php truyn v nhn d liu qua cng USB vi tham s
cho trc l a ch cng

- 41 -