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TRNG THPT TRN

PH

THI CHN HSG LP 11 VNG TRNG


NM HC 2011 - 2012

Mn: Ha hc - Thi gian: 180 pht


Cu 1 (2,0 im)
1. Ha tan hn hp gm Na2O, BaCl2, NaHCO3, NH4Cl c s mol mi cht bng nhau vo nc ri
un nng nh. Sau khi kt thc th nghim c dung dch A. Dung dch A cha cht g? Vit phng
trnh ha hc xy ra.
2. Trn hai a cn (Hnh v bn) c hai cc ng hai dung dch ring bit:
axit HCl (cc A), axit H2SO4 long (cc B). iu chnh lng dung dch hai
a cn v tr thng bng. Cho m1 gam Al vo cc A v m2 gam Mg vo
cc B. Tm t l m1 : m2 sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton cn trng thi
thng bng.
Cu 2 (2,0 im)
1. M t hin tng v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra (nu c) trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Sc kh clo ti d vo dung dch KI.
b) Nh dung dch H2O2 vo dung dch KMnO4 trong H2SO4.
c) Nh dung dch HCl c vo clorua vi.
d) Nh dung dch NH4Cl vo dung dch NaAlO2.
2. Pht hin v sa cha nhng li (nu c) trong cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
a) FeS + HNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + H2S
b) 2NaClO + 2CO2 + H2O 2HClO + Na2CO3
Cu 3 (2,0 im)
1. Ch dng thm mt thuc th, hy trnh by cch nhn bit cc dung dch b mt nhn sau:
NH4HSO4 , Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, HCl, KCl, H2SO4.
2. Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt kh CO2 vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH x (M) v Na2CO3 0,4 (M) thu c
dung dch X cha 19,98 gam hn hp mui. Tnh x.
Cu 4 (2,0 im)
1. Trn ba oxit kim loi l FeO, CuO v MO ( M l kim loi cha bit, ch c s oxi ho +2 trong hp
cht) theo t l mol l 5 : 3 : 1 c hn hp A. Dn mt lung kh H 2 d i qua 11,52 gam A nung nng
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp B. ho tan ht B cn 180 ml dung dch HNO3
3M v thu c V lt kh NO duy nht ktc v dung dch ch cha mui nitrat kim loi. Xc nh kim
loi M v tnh V.
2. Cho m gam hn hp gm Na v Al tc dng va vi V (ml) dung dch HNO3 0,01M trong mt
bnh kn. Sau phn ng thy p sut trong bnh khng thay i (Gi s nhit khng i, th tch bnh
phn ng khng i, cht rn v cht lng khng nh hng n p sut). em dung dch thu c c
cn cn thn th thu c (m + 0,216) gam cht rn khan. Tnh gi tr ca V.
Cu 5 (2,0 im)
1. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t
Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s
proton hn km nhau l 2.
a) Xc nh v tr ca X, Y trong bng h thng tun hon.
b) So snh bn knh cc ion c to nn t X v Y. Gii thch ngn gn.
2. Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M c in li = 1,39%. Xc nh gi tr pH v Ka ca dung dch trn.
---------- HT ---------Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm. Th sinh khng c s dng bt k ti liu no!

P N THI CHN HSG LP 11 VNG TRNG


NM HC 2011 - 2012

Mn: Ha hc - Thi gian: 180 pht


Bi 1
1 im

1 im

2 im
1. Gi s cc cht cho u c x mol.
Na2O + H2O 2 NaOH
x
2x

NaOH + NaHCO3
Na2CO3 + H2O
x
x
x
Na2CO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 + 2 NaCl
x
x
x

NaOH + NH4Cl
NaCl + H2O + NH3
x
x
Sau khi nung nng NH3 bay ra, trong dung dch A c NaCl .
2. Ta c
nAl = m1/27 (mol), nMg = m2/24 (mol)
Al + 3HCl
AlCl3 + 3/2H2
m1
3m1
-------------------------mol
27
2.27

Mg + H2SO4

m2
mol
24

tng KL cc A = m1 - 2.3m1/2.27 = 8m1/9 gam


tng KL cc B = m2 - 2.m2/24 = 11m2/12 gam
cn trng thi cn bng th:
tng KL cc A = tng KL cc B
8m1/9 = 11m2/12
m1 : m2 = 33 : 32

1 im

0,25 im
0,25 im

0,25 im

0,25 im

MgSO4 + H2

m2
----------------------------24

Bi 2
1 im

0,25 im

0,25 im
0,25 im
0,25 im
2 im

1. M t hin tng v vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra (nu c)


trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Dung dch xut hin mu do I2 gii phng ra, sau li mt mu:
Cl2 + 2KI I2 + 2KCl
I2 + 5Cl2 + 6H2O 10HCl + 2HIO3
b) Mu tm dung dch mt mu v c kh thot ra:
5H2O2 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + SO2 + 8H2O
c) Nh dung dch HCl c vo clorua vi thy c kh clo thot ra:
CaOCl2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
d) To kt ta trng keo v kh mi khai:
NaAlO2 + NH4Cl + H2O
Al(OH)3 + NH3 + NaCl
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Pht hin v sa cha nhng li (nu c) trong cc phng trnh phn ng sau
a) FeS l cht kh v HNO3 l cht oxiho do phn ng oxi ho xy ra ch
khng phi l phn ng trao i
FeS + 18HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + 2H2SO4 + 15NO2 + 7H2O
b) HClO yu hn nc 1 nhng mnh hn nc 2 ca axit H2CO3 nn:
NaClO + CO2 + H2O HClO + NaHCO3

0,25 im
0,25 im
0,25 im
0,25 im

0,5 im
0,5 im

Bi 3
1 im

1 im

2 im
1. - Trch mu th.
- Chn qu tm lm thuc th. Cho qu tm vo cc mu th.
+ Mu no lm qu tm ha xanh l dung dch Ba(OH)2.
+ Mu no lm qu tm ha l dung dch NH 4 HSO 4, HCl v
H 2SO 4. (Nhm 1)
+ Mu no khng lm qu tm i mu l dung dch BaCl 2 v KCl
(Nhm 2)
0,25 im
- Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 vo cc mu nhm 1:
+ Mu no va c kh mi khai, va c kt ta trng l NH4HSO4
NH4HSO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + NH3 + 2H2O
+ Mu ch to kt ta trng l H2SO4
H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2H2O
0,25 im
+ Mu khng c hin tng g l HCl.
- Cho dung dch H2SO4 vo cc mu nhm 2:
+ Mu no to kt ta trng l BaCl2.
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HCl
0,50 im
+ Mu khng c hin tng g l KCl
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Ta c s mol CO2 = 0,15 mol; s mol Na2CO3 = 0,08 mol.
- Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 trong 19,98 gam hn hp, ta

c:

1 a + 08 b = 164,9 9 8a = 0,0 3

a + b = 0,1 + 0,05 8b = 0,2

nNaOH = (2.0,03 + 0,2) - 2.0,08 = 0,1

0,50 im
0,50 im

x = 0,5.

Bi 4
1 im

2 im
1. Gi s mol cc oxit kim loi FeO, CuO v MO trong A tng ng l 5a, 3a v a.
* Trng hp 1: Cc oxit kim loi b H2 kh hon ton:
FeO + H2 Fe + H2O
(1)
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
(2)
MO + H2 M + H2O
(3)
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
(4)
3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
(5)
3M + 8HNO3 3 M(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
(6)
0,25im
Ta c h pt:
72.5a + 80.3a + (M + 16).a = 11,52
(I)
20a + 8a + 8a/3
= 0,18.3 = 0,54 (II)
0,25im
Gii ra a = 0,0176; M = 38,55 Loi, v khng c kim loi tng ng .
* Trng hp 2: FeO, CuO b H2 kh cn MO khng b H2 kh
C cc phn ng (1), (2), (4), (5); khng c phn ng (3), (6); thm phn ng
(7) sau:
MO + 2HNO3 M(NO3)2 + 2H2O
(7)

Ta c h pt:
72.5a + 80.3a + (M + 16).a = 11,52
(I)
20a + 8a + 2a
= 0,18.3 = 0,54 (II)
Gii ra a = 0,018; M = 24 M l kim loi Mg
V (kh NO) = (0,018.5 + 0,018.2).22,4 = 2,8224 lt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 im

2. Bi ton
- V p sut trong bnh khng thay i chng t phn ng khng to kh.
- Na v Al l kim loi mnh chng t phn ng to ra mui NH4NO3 v
tng khi lng l tng khi lng NH4+ v NO3-.
S phn ng:
Na + HNO3 NaNO3 + NH4NO3 + H2O
Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O
Gi s mol HNO3 phn ng l 10x ta c:
HNO3 H+ + NO3x --- x --- x
NO3- + 10H+ + 9e NH4+ + 3H2O
x
10x
x
Do trong cht rn ngoi kim loi cn c thm: NH4+ x mol v NO3- 9x mol
m tng = m (NH4+) + m(NO3-) = 18.x + 62.9x = 0,216 x = 3,75.10-4 mol
Suy ra: n HNO = 10x = 0,00375 mol
V = n/V = 0,00375/0,01 = 0,375 lt = 375 ml. Vy V = 375 ml

0,25im
0,25im

0,25im

0,25im
0,25im

Bi 5
1 im

1 im

0,25im
2 im

1. a) Nguyn t nguyn t Y c e mc nng lng 3p v c 1e lp ngoi


cng suy ra Y c cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 (ZY = 19)
V tr: th 19, chu k 4, nhm IA.
0,25im
X phi c s proton nh hn Y l 2 proton nn ZX = 17.
2
2
6
2
6
Cu hnh 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
0,25im
V tr: th 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA
+
b) So snh bn knh: K < Cl v c cng s e (Cng s lp e), Z cng ln
0,50im
F ht cng mnh Bn knh cng gim.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. PT in li : CH3 COOH

CH3COO- + H+ (1)

Vi = 1,39% nn [CH3COOH] phn li =

1,39.0,1
= 0,00139 M
100

Theo phng trnh 1 th [H+] = 0,00139 = 1,39.10-3M


Tnh pH = - lg(1,39.10-3) = 2,857
(0, 00139).(0, 00139)
[CH 3COO ].[ H + ]
Tnh KC: KC =
=
= 1,96.10-5
(0,1 0, 00139)
[CH 3COOH ]

0,25im
0,25im
0,25im
0,25im

Th sinh lm theo cch khc nhng lp lun cht ch v c p s ng vn cho s im!

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