HC VIN HNG KHNG VIT NAM KHOA CNG NGH IN T VIN THNG HNG KHNG

BO MT TRONG 802.11
Ging Vin: V Vn Tn
Lng Anh V

Sinh vin thc hin: L Duy Hng

Nguyn Ti Sang

BO MT TRONG 802.11

MC LC
A. NI DUNG CHNH
I. II. III. WLAN l g? Lch s ra i: im mi ca chun 802.11n
a. MIMO tr thnh bt buc b. Nng cao tn s c. Tng cng hiu nng
d.

Trang 2 Trang 2 Trang 4

Hin thc phn cng vi 802.11n

e. Chn sn phm

IV.

Bo mt trong 802.11n
a. Thit lp kha b. Nhn thc c. S b mt d. S toan ven

Trang 9

V.

Kt lun

Trang 17

B. Ti liu tham kho

A. NI DUNG CHNH
I. WLAN l g?

WLAN l mt loi mng my tnh nhng vic kt ni gia cc thnh phn trong mng khng s dng cc loi cp nh mt mng thng thng, mi trng truyn thng ca cc thnh phn trong mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng s dng sng in t truyn thng vi nhau.

II.

Lch s ra i:

Cng ngh WLAN ln u tin xut hin vo cui nm 1990, khi nhng nh sn xut gii thiu nhng sn phm hot ng trong bng tn 900Mhz. Nhng gii php ny (khng c thng nht gia cc nh sn xut) cung cp tc truyn d liu 1Mbps, thp hn nhiu so vi tc 10Mbps ca hu ht cc mng s dng cp hin thi. Nm 1992, nhng nh sn xut bt u bn nhng sn phm WLAN s dng bng tn 2.4Ghz. Mc du nhng sn phm ny c tc truyn d liu cao hn nhng chng vn l nhng gii php ring ca mi nh sn xut khng c cng b rng ri. S cn thit cho vic hot ng thng nht gia cc thit b nhng dy tn s khc nhau dn n mt s t chc bt u pht trin ra nhng chun mng khng dy chung. Nm 1997, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE) ph chun s ra i ca chun 802.11, v cng c bit vi tn gi WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) cho cc mng WLAN. Chun 802.11 h tr ba phng php truyn tn hiu, trong c bao gm phng php truyn tn hiu v tuyn tn s 2.4Ghz. Nm 1999, IEEE thng qua hai s b sung cho chun 802.11 l cc chun 802.11a v 802.11b (nh ngha ra nhng phng php truyn tn hiu). V nhng thit b WLAN da trn chun 802.11b nhanh chng tr thnh cng ngh khng dy vt tri. Cc thit b WLAN 802.11b truyn pht tn s 2.4Ghz, cung cp tc truyn d liu c th ln ti 11Mbps. IEEE

802.11b c to ra nhm cung cp nhng c im v tnh hiu dng, thng lng (throughput) v bo mt so snh vi mng c dy. Nm 2003, IEEE cng b thm mt s ci tin l chun 802.11g m c th truyn nhn thng tin c hai dy tn 2.4Ghz v 5Ghz v c th nng tc truyn d liu ln n 54Mbps. Thm vo , nhng sn phm p dng 802.11g cng c th tng thch ngc vi cc thit b chun 802.11b. Hin nay chun 802.11g n tc 108Mbps-300Mbps. t

802.11n
Nm 2007, IEEE cho ra i 802.11n c tc l thuyt ln n 600Mbps v vng ph sng rng khong 250m. Hin nay IEEE 802.11n vn cn ang trong giai on th nghim nhng hu ht mi thit b trn th trng iu c chun ny. Chun Wi-Fi mi nht trong danh mc Wi-Fi l 802.11n. 802.11n c thit k ci thin tnh nng ca 802.11g v tng bng thng c h tr bng cch tn dng nhiu tn hiu khng dy v anten (gi l cng ngh MIMO-multiple-input and multiple-output).
u im ca 802.11n l tc nhanh nht, vng ph sng tt nht; tr khng ln hn chng nhiu t cc tc ng ca mi trng. Nhc im ca 802.11n l cha c ph chun cui cng; gi cao hn 802.11g; s dng nhiu lung tn hiu c th gy nhiu vi cc thit b 802.11b/g k cn.

III.

im mi ca chun 802.11n

Mt trong nhng iu mong i nht ca ngi dng thit b u cui Wi-Fi khng g khc ngoi tc v tm ph sng. Theo c t k thut, chun 802.11n c tc l thuyt ln n 600Mbps (cao hn 10 ln chun 802.11g) v vng ph sng rng khong 250m (cao hn chun 802.11g gn 2 ln, 140m). Hai c im then cht ny gip vic s dng cc ng dng trong mi trng mng Wi-Fi c ci tin ng k, phc v tt cho nhu cu gii tr a phng tin, nhiu ngi dng c th xem phim cht lng cao (HD, Full HD, Full HD 3D...), gi in thoi qua mng Internet (VoIP), ti tp tin dung lng ln ng thi... m cht lng dch v v tin cy vn lun t mc cao.

Bn cnh , chun 802.11n vn m bo kh nng tng thch ngc vi cc sn phm trc , chng hn, nu sn phm Wi-Fi chun n s dng ng thi hai tn s 2,4GHz v 5GHz th s tng thch ngc vi cc sn phm chun 802.11a/b/g.
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Chun 802.11n c IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) ph duyt a vo s dng chnh thc v cng c Hip hi Wi-Fi (Wi-Fi Alliance) kim nh v cp chng nhn cho cc sn phm t chun. Chng nhn chun Wi-Fi 802.11n l bc cp nht thm mt s tnh nng ty chn cho 802.11n d tho 2.0 (draft 2.0, xem thm bi vit ID: A0905_100) c Wi-Fi Alliance bt u t hi thng 6/2007; cc yu cu c bn (bng tng, tc , MIMO, cc nh dng khung, kh nng tng thch ngc) khng thay i. y l tin vui cho nhng ai ang s hu thit b t chng nhn 802.11n draft 2.0. Chng nhn Wi-Fi n vn m bo cho hn 700 sn phm c cp chng nhn draft 2.0 trc y (gm my tnh, thit b in t tiu dng nh tivi, my ch a phng tin (media server) v cc thit b mng). Tt c thit b c cp chng nhn dng draft n c iu kin s dng logo "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n" m khng cn phi kim tra li (xem hnh 1). Vy u l nhng cng ngh quan trng ca chun 802.11n? Mt cng ngh mi lun gn lin vi cc ci tin nng cao cht lng dch v v Wi-Fi 802.11n cng v y. Mc tiu chnh ca cng ngh ny l tng tc v tm ph sng cho cc thit b bng cch kt hp cc cng ngh vt tri v tin tin nht (xem hnh 2).

a. MIMO tr thnh bt buc

Vi c t k thut c ph chun, MIMO (tham kho ID: A0905_100) l cng ngh bt buc phi c trong cc sn phm Wi-Fi 802.11n. MIMO c th lm tng tc ln nhiu ln thng qua k thut a phn chia theo khng gian (spatial multiplexing) - chia mt chui d liu thnh nhiu chui d liu nh hn v pht nhiu chui nh song song ng thi trong cng mt knh - tng t cc ln xe trn xa l. Ngoi ra, MIMO cn gip ci thin phm vi ph sng v tin cy (gim t l li) ca thit b thng qua mt k thut c gi l phn tp khng gian (spatial diversity). Kt hp vi cng ngh MIMO l 2 k thut (ty chn): M ha d liu STBC (Space Time Block Coding) gip ci thin vic thu/pht tn hiu trn nhiu anten; v ch HT Duplicate (MCS 32) - cho php gi thm gi tin tng t cng lc ln mi knh 20MHz khi thit b hot ng ch 40MHz gip tng tin cy cho thit b pht (xem hnh 3).

b. Nng cao tn s
Ngoi nhng li ch t c t MIMO, cng ngh 802.11n cn s dng mt s k thut khc nhm tng tc d liu nhanh hn bng cch s dng knh (channelization) rng hn. Thay v ch s dng knh 20MHz nh cc chun 802.11a/b/g trc y, chun 802.11n s dng c hai knh 20MHz v 40MHz. Cc knh 40MHz gip tc truyn d liu tng gp i, ln n 150Mbps/mt chui d liu khng gian (spatial stream), xem bng tc ca chun 802.11n (xem hnh 4 v bng tc ).

c. Tng cng hiu nng

Ngoi cng ngh MIMO, cc thit b cn c th c tch hp thm mt s k thut khc tng tc . u tin l k thut SGI (Short Guard Interval) c ng c th gp phn ci thin tc bng cch gim kch thc ca khong cch gia cc symbol (k hiu). Bn cnh l mt s k thut trn lp vt l vi cc ci tin nhm gim overhead (gi tin mo u) - trc tip gp phn ci thin tc . gim overhead, 802.11n dng k thut tp hp khung (frame aggregation - FA) - ghp hai hay nhiu khung (frame) thnh mt frame n truyn i. Chun 802.11n s dng 2 k thut ghp frame: A-MSDU (Aggregation - MAC Service Data Units) hay vit gn l MSDU - lm tng kch thc khung dng pht cc frame qua giao thc MAC (Media Access Control) v A-MPDU (Aggregation - MAC Protocol Data Unit) - lm tng kch thc ti a ca cc frame 802.11n c pht i ln n 64K byte (chun trc ch c 2304byte). Mt cch ci thin thng lng b sung khc l gim kch thc frame ACK xung cn 8byte (chun c l 128byte). Ngoi ra, mt k thut c gi l SGI (Short Guard Interval) cng c th gp phn ci thin 10% tc bng cch gim khong cch gia cc symbol (k hiu) t 4 nano giy xung cn 3,6 nano giy. Cui cng l k thut GreenField Preamble c s dng rt ngn gi tin u tin ca frame (preamble) nhm ci thin hiu nng v cng sut tiu th cho thit b.

d. Hin thc phn cng vi 802.11n

Cc hng sn xut chip Wi-Fi ln nh Atheros, Broadcom xu t xng cc chip h tr chun 802.11n v t c chng nhn ca Wi-Fi Alliance, chng hn chip BCM943224HMS, BCM94313HMGB ca Broadcom, chip AR5B195 ca Atheros. Cc chip ny h tr y 4 chun 802.11a/b/g/n vi rt nhiu tnh nng ty chn (Short Guard Interval, Greenfield Preamble, A-MPDU, STBC, 40MHz trn tn s 2,4GHz hay 5GHz...), ch bo mt WPA2 cao cp, tnh nng WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia) h tr gii tr a phng tin v cc tnh nng tin ch khc nh ci t m ha Wi-Fi nhanh theo dng PIN (Personal Identification Number) hay PBC (Push button configuration) ... Cc hng sn xut thit b phn cng cng trnh lng sn phm 802.11n u tin ca mnh. Tra cu trong danh sch cc sn phm c Wi-Fi Alliance (www.wi-fi.org) cp chng nhn, bn s thy rt nhiu hng quen thuc s n sng vi 802.11n, v d Apple A1355, Buffalo Nfiniti Router WHR-G300N, Cisco AIR-CT5500 v AP801-AGN-K9, D-Link DWA-525/ DWA-525EU/ DWA525US, DrayTek Vigor2930n/ Vigor2930Vn/ Vigor2930VSn/ Vigor2820Series/ Vigor2110FSeries, Huawei EchoLife WS310, Netgear DGN3500B... c bit, ngoi cc sn phm l b nh tuyn, Access Point, card mng khng dy cn c sn phm tch hp Wi-Fi dnh cho gii tr khc c ng c Wi-Fi Alliance cp chng nhn, ni bt l u Bluray ca cc hng LG, Panasonic, Sony, Samsung...

e. Chn sn phm
chn sn phm t cht lng tt, bn cn quan tm n nhiu yu t. u tin l chn ni cung cp sn phm uy tn, k tip phi xem sn phm c t chng nhn ca Wi-Fi Alliance khng ( m bo nhiu yu t nh cng ngh s dng trn thit b, kh nng tng thch ngc, tin cy ... ). xem sn phm cn mua t chng nhn hay cha, bn truy cp vo website ca WiFi Alliance (www.wi-fi.org), vo mc "Wi -Fi Certified Products", sau tm kim sn phm ca

hng cn xem (Search Product). Ti y, bn c th xem cc tnh nng ca sn phm (link n hng) v xem chng nhn ca sn phm (View Wi-Fi Certifications) nh hnh 6. Vi cch lm ny, ngoi vic bit sn phm t chun quy nh, bn cn c th bit kh y thng tin v sn phm, t cc chun m thit b t c (chun IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n) cho cc tnh nng ty chn (Short n Guard Interval, TX A-MPDU, 40MHz hot ng trn tn s 5GHz); s spatial stream thu pht (3x3), 2 tn s 2,4GHz v 5GHz hot ng ng thi; bo mt WPA2 vi cc loi EAP...

IV.

Cng ging nh IEEE 802.11i, IEEE802.11n cng s dng c ch bo mt chnh l WPA2. Bi vy trong phn bo mt ta ch nghin cu bo mt WPA2.

Bo mt trong 802.11n

a. Thit lp kha
WPA l tp con tiu chun trc ca IEEE 802.11i. N chp nhn s thit lp kha, kha phn cp v cc khuyn co v chng thc ca IEE 802.11i mt cch gn nh y . V WPA2 v chun WPA2 gn nh l ng nht. Tuy nhin, c mt s khc bit rt quan trng: trong WPA2, cc kha IEEE802.11i cng nh vy, nn qu trnh thit lp kha v kin trc kha phn cp trong WPA v ging nhau c th c s dng cho m ha v s bo v ton vn ca d liu. Bi vy WPA2 s dng t kha hn. WPA2 m rng s phn cp kha hai tng ca WEP thnh phn cp a tng. cp cao nht vn l kha ch, tham chiu ti PMK (pair wise master key) trong WPA2 . Cp tip theo l PTK (pair wise transient key), c bt ngun t PMK. cp cui cng l nhng gi kha m ha. Chng c to ra bi kha PTK qua mt kha trn

Cng nh WPA, WPA2 khng ch r cch thc to ra kha ch PMK. Bi vy, WPA2 c l l kha b mt dng chung trc hay n bt ngun t qu trnh nhn thc nh 802.1x. WPA2 yu cu PMK c di l 32 byte. Bi vi di 32 byte l qu di mt ngi c th nh n. Nhng s trin khai ca 802.11 s dng kha dng chung cho php ngi s dng vo mt khu ngn hn, chnh l c s dng to ra kha c di 32 byte. mc tip theo l PTK, v c bn chng l nhng kha phin. Thut ng PTK c s dng nhm tham chiu n tp hp nhng kha phin m ch yu l 4 loi kha, mi loi u
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c di l 128 bits. Bn loi kha ny l: mt kha m ha cho d liu, mt kha ton vn cho d liu, mt kha m ha cho giao thc chng thc m rng qua LAN (EAPoL) messages, v mt kha vn ton d liu cho bn tin EAPoL. Ghi nh rng thut ng (session) y dng tham chiu ti s kt hp gia mt STA v mt AP. Mi khi mt STA kt hp vi mt AP, chng s khi u cho mt phin mi v iu ny dn ti s pht sinh mt PTK mi t PMK. V cc kha phin ch hp l trong mt khon thi gian nht nh chng cng nh nh ng kha thi gian. Kha PTK c to ra t PMK s dng mt PRF (hm gi ngu nhin). Cc PRF c dng to ra PTK r rng c bit bi PTK s dng gii thut HMAC-SHA: PTK = PRF 512(PKM, Pair wise key expansion, AP_MAC || STA_MAC || ANonce || Snonce) thu c t PTK t PMK ta cn dng 5 gi tr u vo: kha PMK, a ch lp MAC cn hai im cui lin quan n phin v mi Nonce ca hai im cui . S dng a ch MAC to ra PTK m bo rng cc kha ny l ranh gii ca cc phin gia hai im cui v gia tng tnh hiu qu khng gian kha ca ton b h thng V chng ta cn to ra mt tp hp khc nhau ca nhng kha phin t PMK ging nhau cho nhng phin mi, chng ta cn thm u vo khc vo c ch to kha m u vo ny thay i mi phin. u vo ny chnh l Nonce. Nonce c hiu st ngha nh t l s ln ngn nht, gi tr ca Nonce nh vy thay i khng b b buc, tr khi gi tr mi Nonce khng bao gi s dng li ln na vn c bn l mt s ch c s dng mt ln. Vi chng ta, mt Nonce l mt s duy nht (sinh ra ngu nhin) v c th phn bit gia hai phin thit lp gia mt STA v mt AP cho ti nhng thi im khc nhau. Hai Nonce lin quan ti s to thnh PTK sinh ra bi hai im cui lin quan ti phin , v d STA (SNonce) v AP (Anonce). WPA2 ch r mt Nonce c th c to ra nh sau: ANonce = PRF 257 (Random Number, Init Counter, AP_MAC || Time) SNonce = PRF257(Random Number, Init Counter, STA_MAC || Time) iu quang trng l PTK c hiu qu dng chung gia STA v AP c s dng bi c hai STA v AP nhm bo v d liu / bn tin EAPoL m chng truyn i. V th , cc gi tr u vo
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yu cu to PTK t PMK n t c hai im cui STA va AP ca phin , mt Nonce v mt a ch lp MAC c chuyn i. Bi vy c STA v AP c th to ra PTK ging nhau t PMK ng thi. Mc tip theo ca h phn bc kha l cc gi kha (per packet key) c to ra t PTK. Qu trnh WPA2 s dng c c per packet key c ch ra hnh di y.

pha u tin, kha m ha d liu phin c kt ni vi high order 32 bits ca TSC/IV v a ch lp MAC. u ra ca pha ny c kt ni vi lower order 17 bits ca TSC/IV pha th hai. u ra ca pha th hai s to ra 104 bit per packet key. C nhiu c tnh quan trng trong qu trnh ny: Kch thc ca kha m ha vn l 104 bit, v th n c th thch hp vi b tng tc phn cng WEP V to ra per packet key lin quan n mt thao tc trn , thao tc tn ton cng cao cho b x l MAC nh trong phn cng WEP. Qu trnh ny chia lm hai pha. Phn x l cng cao c c thc hin pha mt trong khi pha hai tnh ton cng cao

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V pha 1 lin quan n high order 32 ca TSC/IV, vic ch cn c thc hin khi m mt trong cc bit thay i Chc nng trn kha s gy kh khn cho ngi nghe trm do TSC/IV v cc kha gi u c m ha gi

b. Nhn thc
Ging nh s phn phi v thit lp kha, WPA cng chp nhn kin trc chng thc c ch r trong 802.11i. Do kin trc chng thc ca WPA v WPA2 l ging nhau. Vi mng nh 802.11i cho php kha dng th cng nh WEP vi mng doanh nghip, 802.11i ch r cch s dng ca 902.1x cho s thit lp kha v s chng thc.Hnh 3.14 cho ta thy kin trc ca EAPoL v hnh 3.15 Cho thy ton b h thng kin trc ca EAPoL. Cng kim sot ch m khi thit b c kt ni ti cng cho php bi 802.1x. Mt khc, cng khng kim sot cung cp mt ng dn duy nht cho lu lng EAPoL

Hnh 3.14 Authentication Architecture Hnh3.14 cng khng c kim sot c th hn ch th no s dng MAC filtering. S ny trong mt s trng hp c dng chng li s tn cng

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Hnh 3.15 EAPOL EAP ch r ba thnh phn ca mng: the supplicant, the authenticator and the authentication server . cho EAPoL ngi s dng cui l supplicant. Chuyn mch lp hai l s truy nhp kim sot nhn thc ti mng s dng cng logic. Nhng quyt nh truy nhp c thc hin bi my ch chng thc backend sau khi thc hin qu trnh chng thc. Qu trnh chng thc ny s dng cho ngi qun tr mng quyt nh EAPoL c th d dng c lm thch nghi c th s dng c trong mi trng 802.11. Nh hnh 3.16 STA l supplicant, AP l s kim sot nhn thc ti mng v c mt my ch chng thc backend . Tnh tng t cng ni bt hn nu ta xem xt mt AP, tht ra l chuyn i lp hai, vi mt my v tuyn v mt dao din ng dy

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Hnh 3.16 Authentication Overview Tuy nhin c mt chi tit cn ch n kin trc 802.1x mang qu trnh bo mt gia supplicant (STA) v my ch chng thc backend. iu c ngha l kha ch (kt qu t mt qu trnh chng thc th TLS) c to ra gia STA v my ch backend. Tuy nhin, c ch b mt v vn ton trong kin trc an ninh ca 802.11 vn c thc hin gia STA v AP.iu c ngha l phin (PTK) v per packet key (chng c to ra t PMK) u cn STA v AP. Tuy nhin, AP cha chc c PMK. Bi vy, ci m cn cho mt c ch c PMK t my ch chng thc n AP an ton Nhc li kin trc 802.1x, kt qu ca qu trnh chng thc c chuyn ch bi my ch chng thc ti AP, v vy m AP c th cho php hay khng cho php truy nhp ti mng. Giao thc truyn tin gia AP v my ch chng thc khng ch r bi 802.11 nhng c ch r bi WPA2 l RADIUS. Hu nh tt c cc s trin khai ca 802.11 c l kt thc ln trn s dng RADIUS. Giao thc RADIUS cho php an ninh phn phi kha t my ch chng thc ti AP v y l cc m PMK ti AP nh th no. Ghi nh l 802.1x c mt khung dnh cho chng thc. N khng ch r giao thc chng thc c s dng. Bi vy, l ti ngi qun tr mng chn giao thc chng thc. Mt trong s nhng giao thc chng thc c bn lun nhiu nht s dng trong 802.1x l TLS.
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Giao thc EAP-TLS c ly ti liu cn thn. N c phn tch rng v khng s sai lch yu km no c tm thy trong giao thc ca n. iu ny lm cho n l s la chn li cun v an ninh s dng trong 802.1x.

c. S b mt
Thc t ch r rng mt gii thut m ha khng cung cp cho h thng an ninh. cung cp t nh b mt trong 802.11i, AES c s dng trong counter mode . Counter mode thc s s dng mt khi mt m nh mt lung mt m , nh vy kt hp an ninh ca mt khi mt m , vi s d dng s dng mt lung mt m , Hnh di ch r ASE Counter Mode lm vic nh th no.

S dng counter mode yu cu mt my m. My m bt u ti mt thi im bt k nhng quyt nh trc gi tr v c tng dn trong mt kiu ch r . Thao tc my m n gin nht, v d: bt u my m vi khi u l 1 v tng dn mt gi tr tun t cho mi khi. Gi tr khi u cho mt counter bt ngu n t mt gi tr Nonce , ci m thay i cho mi thng bo lin tip . Mt m AES sau c s dng m ha my m to ra mt lung kha. Khi thng bo nguyn bn n c chia vo cc khi 128 bits, v mi khi XOR c cng vi 128 bits tng ng ca dng kha pht sinh sn xut ra mt m.
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V mt ton hc, chc nng m ha c trnh by l: Ci=Mi+(Ek)(i) trong i l counter An ninh ca h thng nm trong counter. Cho ti khi gi tr Counter khng bao gi lp li vi t kha ging vy , h thng c bo v . Trong WPA2, iu ny t c bi vic dng mt kha mi cho cc phin.

d. S toan ven
t c s ton vn ca bn tin , nhim v ca nhm l m rng counter mode bao gm s hot ng ca mt CBC MAC . y l iu gii thch tn ca giao thc : AES-CCMP trong CCMP thay th cho giao thc counter mode CBC MAC . Giao thc CBC MAC c th hin trong hnh di, trong hp mu en l giao thc m ha.

V.

Kt lun
802.11n c nhng u im

T nhng kt qu t m hiu trn ta c th nhn thy IEEE

vt tri so vi nhng chun trc v thng lng, tin cy. IEEE 802.11n tng thch tt vi cc chun trc nh 802.11 a/b/g. S ra i ca IEEE 802.11n c mong i s p
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ng c cc yu cu phn tn trn nn mng khng dy ngy nay nh cc ng trong tng lai thay th cho c chun 802.11 a/b/g hin nay.

dng v thi

gian thc, QoS. IEEE 802.11n ha hn s tr th nh chun ph bin c s dng rng ri nht

B. Ti liu tham kho

www.google.com.vn http://www.wimaxpro.org www.ebook.edu.vn www.wi-fi.org http://haiphongit.com/forum/showthread.php?p=80050 http://chodientuvn.com/tipsvn.aspx?mode_view=branch&m_id=3&type=1&title=08578E735A4 C0BF5A&page=1 http://www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn/vi-vn/congnghetruyenthong/2009/6/20505.bcvt http://www.chopc.com/index.php?mod=view&act=news&nid=7323

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