Chapter 4

Signalling in Telephony

Tng quan

Tng quan

Khi nim:

Bo hiu l h thng h tr, phc v cho vic thit lp, gii ta v duy tr kt ni gia hai thit b u cui qua cc node chuyn mch.

Chc nng:

Gim st. Tm chn Vn hnh

Tng quan

H thng thng tin bo hiu

Pht tin
Ni dung
Tn hiu pht

X l

Knh truyn Phng php truyn

X l

Thu tin
Ni dung

Tn hiu thu

K thut bo hiu :
Nghin cu v : - Ni dung bo hiu. - Phng php truyn bo hiu. - K thut x l bo hiu.
4

Ni dung bo hiu

Phn tch cuc gi thnh cng

Nhc my
Mi quay s 0 gi ra Mi quay s a ch thu bao b gi Chim dng Xc nhn chim dng

a ch thu bao b gi Hi m chung Tr li v m thoi

chung Nhc my

t my

Gii phng hng i Gii phng hng v

t my
6

Bo hiu nghe nhn

m mi quay s: 425Hz, lin tc m bo bn: 425Hz, ngt qung 1:1 Hi m chung: 425Hz, ngt qung 1:3 Dng chung: 75VAC, 25Hz Tn hiu phc hi v gi my lu Thng bo.

Bo hiu trng thi

Trng thi nhc my Trng thi t my Trng thi ri bn Tnh trng hng hc Tn hiu tr li v Tn hiu chim dng / xc nhn chim dng Tn hiu gii phng hng i / gii phng hng v

Bo hiu a ch

Tn hiu xung thp phn

Cc ch s a ch c pht di dng chui gin on mch vng mt chiu (DC) nh a quay s hoc h thng phm thp phn. Tc gin on l 10 ln mi giy v t s xung l 1:2. Yu cu khong vi trm ms trc ch s k tip phn bit cc ch s vi nhau.
66,6ms 33,3ms

mA 40mA

Hook off

Quay s

ms

Bo hiu a ch

Tn hiu m a tn ghp cp DTMF

1 4 7 *

2 5 8 0

3 6 9 #

A B C D

697Hz 770Hz 852Hz 941Hz

Mt s tng ng vi hai tn s, cc tn s ny t tn ti trong m thanh t nhin Thi gian quay s nhanh C th quay s khi m thoi

1029 1336 1477 1633 Hz Hz Hz Hz

10

Phng php truyn bo hiu

Gii thiu

Bo hiu knh kt hp CAS (Channel Associated Signaling) Bo hiu knh chung CCS (Common Channel Signaling)
Bo hiu

Bo hiu tng i thu bao

Bo hiu Lin i

CAS

CCS
12

Bo hiu knh kt hp

Knh bo hiu c n nh, lin kt cng vi knh thoi m n bo hiu.

Trung k Tng i A SIG SIG B x l SIG Thoi + Bo hiu SIG SIG SIG B x l

Tng i B

13

Bo hiu knh kt hp

Phn loi:

Bo hiu ng dy

phng php bo hiu c truyn dn gia cc thit b kt cui v thng xuyn kim tra ng truyn hoc tt c cc mch kt cui, v d cc trng thi bn, ri truyn tt c cc thng tin c lin quan n tuyn ni cuc gi bao gm cc con s thu bao b gi, nhng c tnh ca thu bao.
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Bo hiu thanh ghi

Bo hiu knh kt hp

Phng php truyn

im ni im (end-to-end) : Tn hiu lun c truyn i gia cc u cui ca tuyn ni theo tin trin ca n. V d khi thit lp tuyn ni qua 3 tng i A-B-C, thng tin bo hiu u tin c truyn t A ti B v sau khi qung ni B-C c thit lp th bo hiu li c truyn t A ti C. ng tip ng (link-by-link) : Tn hiu lun c truyn i v tm lu tng qung ca tuyn ni. u tin thng tin bo hiu c truyn i t A n B v sau khi qung ni t B n C c thit lp th thng tin bo hiu tip tc truyn i t B n C.
15

Bo hiu knh kt hp

Cc k thut truyn cc tn hiu bo hiu trong CAS

Tn hiu bo hiu nm trong knh thoi (DC, trong bng). Tn hiu bo hiu nm trong knh thoi nhng phm vi tn s khc (ngoi bng). Tn hiu bo hiu trong 1 khe thi gian, m trong , cc knh thoi c phn chia mt cch c nh theo chu k (bo hiu PCM trong TS16).
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Bo hiu knh kt hp

Bo hiu DC:

Tn hiu ny c truyn dng xung nh thay i cc tnh hoc tr khng ca dy dn. Thng thng, h thng lm vic vi 3 trng thi hng ti v vi 2 trng thi hng v. Cc trng thi c s dng hng ti l : - Tr khng ng dy thp. - Tr khng ng dy cao. - Cc tnh tch cc. Cc trng thi c s dng hng v l : - Cc tnh bnh thng. - Cc tnh o.
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Bo hiu knh kt hp
Low res High res 0 High res Seizure Low res (+a,-b) Seizure Low res ack. (+a,-b) Digit pulsing 60ms B aswer Meter Clear back Clear forward Idle pulses (+a,-b) (-a,+b) Low res (-a,+b)
200300ms

40ms

Low res
160ms B replaces handset first Clear Clear forward back

A replaces handset first

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Bo hiu knh kt hp

Bo hiu AC

Bo hiu trong bng : i vi tn hiu trong bng, tn s thng c chn l 2400Hz, y l tn s c xc sut phng to b nht. Vi loi bo hiu ny, c th c cc gii php k thut sau phn bit vi thng tin thoi :
- Thc hin bo hiu vi tn s 0,3-3,4KHz nhng thi gian tn ti lu hn. - Phn bit bo hiu v m thoi v mc in. Phng php ny t c dng v d gy qu ti ng dy. - Dng nng lng ph ca tn hiu. - Chn t hp 2 tn s.
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Bo hiu knh kt hp

Bo hiu AC

Bo hiu ngoi bng:

Bo hiu ngoi bng s dng tn s thng l 3825Hz. Cc b lc d dng lc cc bng tn thoi v pht hin tn hiu bo hiu chnh xc. V vy khng nh hng n knh thai. Nhng trng hp ny c th lm tng chi ph ca thit b.
Seizure

Idle A-B

Seizure ackn

Digit pulses

Register B ready answer signal

Clear back

Clear forward

Idle

Tone
B-A

Tone

~250ms

~250ms

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Bo hiu knh kt hp

Bo hiu PCM

FAW: Frame Alignment Word. MFAW: Multi-Frame Alignment Word.

TS0
F0 F1 F15 FAW FAW FAW

TS1
Ch1 Ch1 Ch1

TS16
MFAW 1/17 15/31

TS31
Ch31 Ch31 Ch31
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Bo hiu knh chung

Khc phc nhc im CAS v hiu sut s dng knh bo hiu Cc knh thoi c nhu cu cn sp hng ch knh bo hiu phc v

Trung k Tng i A

Tng i B

B x l Knh bo hiu Thit b bo hiu knh chung

B x l

Thit b bo hiu knh chung

22

Bo hiu knh chung

Cu trc gi tin CCS

a ch ngun S gi Trng s liu Trng kim tra

a ch ch

a ch ch: S dng tm n ch a ch ngun: S dng truyn li khi c li S gi : S th t gi sp xp thnh bn tin Trng s liu: Thng tin bo hiu Trng kim tra: Kim tra li truyn.

23

Bo hiu knh chung

u im:

Kinh t. Nhanh. Tin cy. Dung lng cao. Linh hat

24

H thng bo hiu s 7
Tng i A Tng i B
30 knh thai 30 knh thai + knh bo hiu trong TS16 Phn h u cui bo hiu

TCM
S/R CCS
Phn h iu khin li

TCM
S/R CCS
Phn h u cui bo hiu Phn h iu khin li

Truyn cc n v bo hiu

Phn h iu khin bo hiu

Truyn cc bn tin bo hiu

Phn h iu khin bo hiu

H thng iu khin tng i

H thng iu khin tng i

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H thng bo hiu s 7

Khi nim:

im bo hiu sp (signaling point) im chuyn tip bo hiu stp (signaling transfer point) Knh bo hiu sl (signaling link) Chm knh bo hiu sls (signaling link set)
sl
sp stp sls
26

sp

H thng bo hiu s 7

Cc phng thc bo hiu

Kiu kt hp
A C B D C ng bo hiu ng thoi D

Kiu khng kt hpA

E A

F B

Kiu ta kt hp

27

H thng bo hiu s 7

Phn mc trong bo hiu s 7

UP (User Part) : Phn ngi s dng. MTP ( Message Transfer Part) : Phn truyn bn tin bo hiu.
Bn tin ngi s dng Bn tin ngi s dng Bn tin ngi s dng Mng bo hiu Tuyn d liu Tuyn vt l MTP
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Bn tin ngi s dng Bn tin ngi s dng Bn tin ngi s dng Mng bo hiu Tuyn d liu

UP

H thng bo hiu s 7

Mc 1 : Mc tuyn vt l :

l phng tin gi dng cc bits ca thng tin t im ny n im khc trn mt ni kt vt l. nh ngha cc c tnh vt l, in v cc chc nng ca tuyn s liu bo hiu v phng tin truy cp, hoc yu cu 1 cu trc thng tin c cung cp bi thit b truyn dn hoc tm li c kh. Trong mi trng mng s liu, CCS7 thng s dng khe thi gian bo hiu TS16/PCM32 hoc TS24/PCM24 vi tc knh bo hiu 64Kbps. Trong mi trng tng t, CCS7 c th truyn trn cc ng modem vi tc thp khong 4,8Kbps.
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H thng bo hiu s 7

Mc 2 : Mc tuyn d liu : Cung cp cc chc nng v cc th tc cho vic truyn thng tin bo hiu. Bn tin bo hiu c truyn trn tuyn theo cc n v bo hiu vi chiu di thay i. n v bo hiu bao gm thng tin iu khin truyn tin thm vo trong ni dung ca bn tin bo hiu. Chc nng bao gm :

Gii hn ni dung n v bo hiu bng cc c. Chn thm bits chng nhm ln vi c. S dng cc bits kim tra. Chng li bi phng thc t ng hi li. D tm ng bo hiu sai bng cch gim st tc li trn cc ng bo hiu.
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H thng bo hiu s 7

Mc 3 : Mc mng bo hiu : nh ngha cc chc nng v th tc truyn chung v c lp cc tuyn bo hiu ring l. Cc chc nng chnh sau :

X l bn tin bo hiu: m bo cc bn tin bo hiu c truyn t ngun n ch theo ng yu cu ca bn gi. Cc chc nng:

Phn bit bn tin bo hiu. nh tuyn bn tin bo hiu Phn phi bn tin bo hiu.

Qun l mng bo hiu: Cung cp kh nng ti lp cu hnh mng bo hiu khi s c v iu khin lu lng bo hiu khi nghn. Thc hin cc chc nng:

Qun l lu lng bo hiu Qun l knh bo hiu. Qun l tuyn bo hiu.

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H thng bo hiu s 7

Mc 4 : Mc ngi s dng : Mi phn cho ngi s dng xc nh cc chc nng v cc th tc c trng cho tng ngi s dng ring bit. TUP: Telephone User Part DUP: Data User Part ISUP: ISDN User Part

32

H thng bo hiu s 7

n v bo hiu

MSU (Message Signal Unit : n v bo hiu bn tin) : L n v bo hiu c cha cc thng ip c chuyn i gia phn ngi s dng hay gia cc khi chc nng qun l mng ca tng i. MSU c 1 octet thng tin dch v SIO v trng thng tin bo hiu SIF. MSU l rt quan trng, nn c truyn li khi c li xy ra do n mang thng tin ca ngi s dng mun truyn i.

F 8 Mc 2

CK 16

SIF 8n,n2 Mc 4

SIO 8 Mc 3 2

LI 6

FIB 1

FSN 7

BIB 1

BSN 7

F 8

Chi tit

33

H thng bo hiu s 7

LSSU (Link Status Signal Unit : n v bo hiu trng thi tuyn) : Cha cc thng tin nh gi s hot ng ca tuyn bo hiu (v d nh ng b). LSSU c truyn qua li lp 2 gia 2 MTP k cn v n ch c truyn khi tuyn bo hiu c li hay khng cn c dng truyn MSU.
F 8 Mc 2 CK 16 SF 8,16 Mc 3 2 LI 6 FIB 1 FSN 7 Mc 2 BIB 1 BSN 7 F 8

Chi tit

34

H thng bo hiu s 7

FISU (Fill in Signal Unit : n v bo hiu chn thm) :

Cha thng tin iu khin sai v nh hn. Ch c truyn khi khng c MSU v LSSU c truyn.

FISU c truyn ti lp 2 gia 2 MTP k cn.

CK 16 2 LI 6 FIB 1 FSN 7 Mc 2 BIB 1 BSN 7 F 8

F 8 Mc 2

Chi tit

35

H thng bo hiu s 7

F (Flag : Trng c) : L im bt u v kt thc ca 1 n v bo hiu. BSN (Backward Sequence Number : Dy s li) : Th hin dy s ca n v cui cng thu nhn c mt cch chnh xc. BIB (Backward Indicator Bit : Bit ch th li) : Dng yu cu pht li cc n v c li. FSN (Forward Sequence Number : Dy s tin) : Th hin dy s ca dn v bo hiu s c pht. FIB (Forward Indicator Bit : Bit ch th tin) : Ch th vic pht li ca n v bo hiu bng BIB. LI (Length Indicator : Ch th di) : Ch ra s octet ca trng LI v CK. H thng u cui b gi thc hin CRC so snh trnh trng b li ca n v bo hiu nh gi nh trng ny. SF (Status Field : Trng trng thi) : Th hin trng thi ca tuyn bo hiu. SIO ( Service Information Octet : octt thng tin dch v) : Xc nh phn ngi s dng m trong bao gm thng tin c pht i. SIF (Signalling Information Field : Trng thng tin bo hiu) : M im ch, m im ngun, m tuyn bo hiu v b 8 bits t 2272 c th thay i.

36

X l bo hiu trong trong tng i

Khi nim
Tng i
Dy thu bao tng t
N T U Dy thu bao s s cp

SLTU
D/SLTU nh tuyn bo hiu Tone v Thng bo

I S Dy thu P bao s th cp B X Dy trung khc k s Dy trung k tng t

DLTU DLTU

Thu pht Bo hiu

Tng i khc

ATTU

iu khin tng i

DLTU (Digital Line Termination Unit) : n v ng dy u cui s. SLTU (Subcribler Line Termination Unit ): n v ng dy u cui thu bao . NTU (Network Termination Unit ) : n v mng u cui. ISPBX (Intergrated services PBX) : Cc dch v tch hp tng i c quan.

38

nh tuyn bo hiu trong tng i

nh tuyn bo hiu cho thu bao tng t

LD SLTU

SLTU controller MF Tn hiu ng dy v chn s SLTU Tn hiu chn s

Khi Chuyn Mch Tp Trung Thu Bao

Khi Chuyn Mch Nhm

SLTU controller Tn hiu ng dy

B thu tn hiu MF Tn hiu a ch

iu khin tng i

39

nh tuyn bo hiu trong tng i

nh tuyn bo hiu cho thu bao s

N T U Dy s s cp 144Kbps TS1 TS2 D/SLTU . No1 . . 64Kbps . 16Kbps TS31 . 115 . B tp trung bo TS16 hiu thu bao

M U X

D L T U 2Mbps D L T U

SCSB

64Kbps

I S P B X

Dy s th cp 2Mbps

H thng iu khin tng i

Thu nhn bo hiu 2Mbps knh chung thu bao

40

SCSB (Subscriber Concentrator Switching Block) : Khi chuyn mch tp trung thu bao. D/SLTU (Digital / Subscriber Line Terminal Unit) : n v kt cui ng dy thu bao s

nh tuyn bo hiu trong tng i

LD,DC line and selection

nh tuyn 1VF line and bo hiu lin selection DC line and i MF selection
1VF line and MF selection

ATTU DC-TS16

TS16 line and selection

ATTU 1VF
ATTU DC-TS16 ATTU 1VF

1VF-CAS TS16 line and selection TS16

TS16 line and MF selection

Ni kt bn vnh vin

Thu pht CAS

1VF-CAS TS16 line and MF selection TS16

TS16 line and selection
Thu pht MF

TS16 line and selection

TS16 line and 1VF selection TS16 line and MF selection CCS line and selection

DLTU
1VF-CAS TS16 DLTU

TS16 line and selection TS16 line and MF selection CCS line and (in TS16) selection

Ni kt ngn hn

DLTU
DLTU CCS

Thu pht CCS Khi chuyn mch nhm

41

Cc b thu pht bo hiu

Thu pht MF
Chuyn mch 2Mbps
PMUX

Chuyn mch 2Mbps PMUX

MF S/R

MF S/R

Thu MF 1

Thu MF 8

Pht MF cho cc knh

iu khin tng i Kiu tng t

iu khin tng i Kiu s

42

Cc b thu pht bo hiu

Thu pht bo hiu knh kt hp

TS161 TS162 Chuyn mch tp trung TS1630 TS0 TS161 TS162 TS1630

PCM1 PCM2

PCM30

43

Cc b thu pht bo hiu

Thu pht bo hiu knh kt hp

TS0 TS1 ng b a khung ABCD1ABCD17 ABCD2ABCD18 ABCD3ABCD19 TS2 ng b a khung ABCD1ABCD17 ABCD2ABCD18 ABCD3ABCD19 TS31 ng b a khung ABCD1ABCD17 ABCD2BCD18 ABCD3ABCD19 FAW FAW -

Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

Frame 4
Frame 15

FAW
-

ABCD4ABCD20
TS16 t lung 2Mbps th nht

ABCD4ABCD20
TS16 t lung 2Mbps th 2

ABCD4BCD20
ABCD15ABCD31 TS16 t lung 2Mbps th 31
44

ABCD15ABCD31 ABCD15ABCD31

Cc b thu pht bo hiu

Thu pht bo hiu knh kt hp

1

ng b d liu a khung
reset

d liu CAS store 1 (30cell) R /c c THU n h thng iu khin tng i CAS

t khi chuyn mch 2Mb/s (930 ch cho 2ms)

D . E . M . U . X .

m Chu k

/c ghi W

31

ng b d liu CAS store 30 d liu a khung (30cell)

reset W /c ghi R /c c

m Chu k
a. Thu tn hiu.

45

Cc b thu pht bo hiu

Thu pht bo hiu knh kt hp

vo Pht ng F0 b a khung Lu tr CAS (930 cell)

n khi M Vo chuyn mch U 2Mb/s X TS1-TS31

vo TS0 Pht ng b khung

data

PHT CAS

H thng iu khin tng i

Clock Tng i

reset

/c ghi

m chu k
b. Pht tn hiu
46

Cc b to tone v thng bo

S nh tuyn tones v cc bn tin thng bo

Khi chuyn mch tp trung thu bao Tone

Khi chuyn mch nhm Tone

Bn tin thng bo

48

To tones v cc bn tin thng bo

K thut tng t
425Hz

OSC

Mi quay s Bo bn

Coder
Coder n TCM

1:1
1:3 To bn tin thng bo

Hi m chung Coder Coder

n v iu khin

49

S nh tuyn tones v cc bn tin thng bo

K thut s
ROM 1 S E L E C T O R

m vng
ROM 2 m vng ROM 3 m vng

Ti khi chuyn mch 2Mbps n v iu khin

50