Giao Trinh Lap Trinh C For Winform - Smith.N Studio

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Bi 1: GII THIU CHUNG .................................................................. 2

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. M u ......................................................................................................... 2 Cc th vin lp trnh ca Windows ............................................................. 3 Cc khi nim c bn ................................................................................... 4 Lp trnh s kin (Even driven programming)............................................... 5 Cc thnh phn giao din ha (GUI) ....................................................... 6 Cu trc chng trnh C for Win................................................................. 10 Qui trnh hot ng ca chng trnh ng dng ........................................ 10 Mt s quy c t tn............................................................................... 11 V d ........................................................................................................... 11 Ti nguyn ca ng dng (Resources) ................................................... 18 Mt s kiu d liu mi ........................................................................... 19 Phn tch, tm hiu source code ca project ........................................... 19 Gii thiu .................................................................................................... 24 Tng quan v GDI (Graphics Device Interface) .......................................... 25 Mt s hm ha c s ........................................................................... 28 Kt lun....................................................................................................... 30
U
Bi 2: PAINT V REPAINT................................................................. 24
Bi 3: CC THIT B NHP LIU ...................................................... 31

Bn phm .................................................................................................... 31 Thit b chut .............................................................................................. 38 Timer........................................................................................................... 41 Hp thoi..................................................................................................... 45 Menu ........................................................................................................... 57 Hin th vn bn .......................................................................................... 62 nh dng vn bn ...................................................................................... 64 S dng font ............................................................................................... 65
Bi 4: HP THOI V IU KHIN ................................................... 45 Bi 5: X L VN BN ...................................................................... 62
Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................... 69
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Phn b thi lng: - S tit ging lp: 6 tit - S tit t hc nh: 6 tit - S tit ci t chng trnh nh: 12 tit
1.
M u
Cc ng dng ca Windows rt d s dng, nhng rt kh i vi ngi to lp ra chng. t c tnh d dng i hi ngi lp trnh phi b ra rt nhiu cng sc ci t. Lp trnh trn Windows kh v phc tp hn nhiu so vi lp trnh trn DOS. Tuy nhin lp trnh trn Windows s gii quyt c mt s vn kh khn trong mi trng DOS nh xy dng giao din ngi dng, qun l b nh o, c lp thit b vo ra, thm nhp Internet, kh nng chia s ti nguyn, ... Windows cung cp cc hm ngi lp trnh thm nhp cc c trng ca h iu hnh gi l giao din lp trnh ng dng (Application Programming Interface API). Nhng hm ny c t trong cc th vin lin kt ng (Dynamic Link Library DLL). Cc chng trnh ng dng s dng chng thng qua cc li gi hm v ch chia s c khi trong my c ci t Windows. Vi im khc bit gia lp trnh Windows v DOS: Windows DOS Thc hin tun t theo ch nh Single task Single CPU Phi dng cc th vin Multimedia ring ng dng 16 bits Khng c
Lp trnh s kin, da vo thng ip (message) Multi-tasking Multi-CPU Tch hp sn Multimedia H tr 32 bits hay hn na H tr nhiu cng ngh DLL, OLE, DDE, COM, OpenGL, DirectX,
Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win ...............................................................................................Trang 2/69
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2.
Cc th vin lp trnh ca Windows SDK Software Development Kit

L b th vin lp trnh nn tng ca HH Windows. Cung cp tt c cc cng c cn thit xy dng 1 ng dng trn Windows. c s dng nh l th vin c s to ra nhng th vin cao cp hn trong nhng ngn ng lp trnh. VD: OWL ca BorlandC, MFC ca Visual C++, Mt s thnh phn c bn ca SDK: Win32 API. GDI/GDI+. Windows Multimedia. OpenGL. DirectX. COM/COM+. ADO (ActiveX Data Object). OLE DB.
(Xem
thm
MSDN/PlatForm
SDK
Documentation/Getting
started/Content of Platform SDK).

OWL Object Windows Library: L b th vin hng i tng ca BorlandC++. MFC Microsoft Foundation Classes: L b th vin hng i tng ca Visual C++. Mt ng dng trn Windows c th c vit bng: Th vin SDK. Mt th vin khc (OWL, MFC,) phi hp vi SDK.
Cc loi ng dng:
Win32 Console: ng dng 32 bits, vi giao din dng DOS command line.
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Win32 (SDK): ng dng 32 bits, ch s dng th vin SDK. Win32 DLL: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt ng (Dynamic Linked Library), s dng SDK. Win32 LIB: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt tnh (Static Linked Library). MFC EXE: ng dng 32 bits, s dng th vin Microsoft Foundation Class. MFC DLL: ng dng 32 bits, dng th vin lin kt ng (Dynamic Linked Library), s dng MFC.
3.
Cc khi nim c bn
Message: Trao i thng tin gia chng trnh ng dng v h iu hnh. Th tc Window: c gi bi h thng x l cc Message nhn c. Hng i Message: Mi chng trnh c 1 hng i Message cha cc Message. Mi chng trnh c vng lp Message.
Handle:
Mt gi tr 32 bits khng du (unsigned) do HH to ra lm nh danh cho mt i tng (ca s, file, vng nh, menu,).
ID (Identifier):
Mt gi tr nguyn do ng dng to ra lm nh danh cho 1 i tng (menu item, control).
Instance:
Mt gi tr nguyn do HH to ra nh danh 1 th hin ang thc thi ca ng dng.
Callback:
Thuc tnh ca 1 hm/ th tc s c gi bi HH, khng phi bi ng dng.
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4.
Lp trnh s kin (Even driven programming)
Keyboard Driver
System Queue
USER.EXE Mouse Driver
Pht sinh cc s kin v thng ip
System Queue
Application Queue
Virtual Key & Scan code GetMessage() TranslateMessage() DispatchMessage()
Keyboard
Device driver
WindowProc()
DefWindowProc()
Qui trnh x l thng ip
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MSG msg; while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam;
5.
Cc thnh phn giao din ha (GUI)

GUI: Graphics User Interface. Cc dng GUI c bn:
SDI Single Document Interface: Mt ca s lm vic. Cho php thay i kch thc ca s (Resizeable). Khng c cc ca s con. V d: NotePad, Paint,
MDI Multi Document Interface: Mt ca s lm vic chnh (Frame window) v nhiu ca s con (Child window).
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Cho php thay i kch thc ca s (Resizeable). Cho php Maximize/Minimize/Close cc ca s con. V d: Word, Excel, VC++,
Dialog: Mt ca s lm vic. Thng c kch thc c nh. Thng khng c menu bar. Thng c cc button, edit box, list-box, V d: Calculator, CD Player,
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Ca s:
nh ngha: L 1 vng ch nht trn mn hnh. Dng hin th kt qu output. V nhn cc input t ngi dng Cng vic u tin ca 1 ng dng GUI l to 1 ca s lm vic. Nguyn tc qun l: M hnh phn cp: mi ca s u c 1 ca s cha (parent window), ngoi tr ca s nn Desktop. Ti mi thi im, ch c 1 ca s nhn input t user (Active/Focused window). Phn loi: Ca s Desktop. Ca s tiu chun. Ca s hp thoi (Dialog box). Cc control.
Desktop Window App Window
Control
Parent Window
Dialog box
Child Window
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Window icon
Window caption
Title bar
Minimized, Restored, Maximized button menu bar
standard bar
tool bar scroll bar
Client area
status bar Resized border
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6.
Cu trc chng trnh C for Win

*.CPP file Resource file (*.RES)
Compiler Resource Compiler Definition file (*.DEF) *.OBJ file Window Application (*.EXE, *.DLL)
Linker Library file (*.LIB)
7.
Qui trnh hot ng ca chng trnh ng dng

Ca s c hin th ln mn hnh. Windows ch ca s gi thng ip. Cc thng ip c Windows gi tr li chng trnh ng dng thng qua li gi hm ca chng trong chng trnh ng dng. Khi nhn c thng ip, chng trnh ng dng gi cc hm API v hm ca ring chng thc hin cng vic mong mun.
Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win .............................................................................................Trang 10/69
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Lp trnh trn Windows l lp trnh trn c s thng ip, qu trnh trao i thng tin v iu khin da trn thng ip. C rt nhiu thng ip c pht sinh ngu nhin nh nhn phm hay chut, chn menu, ... Tng tc ca ng dng vi ngi s dng thng qua mt hay nhiu ca s, to lp cc ca s khi cn thit v qun l thng tin trong .
8.
Mt s quy c t tn
a. Tn hng Ch ci vit hoa, nn phn loi cc hng theo nhm. Thng thng gm c 2 phn: Phn u l loi nhm v phn sau l tn hng. Loi nhm v tn hng cch nhau bng du gch ni. V d: WM_DESTROY (Hng ny c nh ngha trong windows.h, WM cho ta bit hng DESTROY thuc nhm thng ip ca s Windows Message) b. Tn bin Tn bin bt u bng k t thng cho bit kiu d liu. V d: iTong cho bit bin Tong c kiu int. Cc tin t thng dng khc: c(char), l (long), p (poiter), d (WORD), dw (DWORD), h (ch s).
9.
V d
Xy dng chng trnh hin th mt ca s nh sau:
Vi du mo dau
Lap trinh C for Win
1 2 3
#include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK XulyMessage (HWND,UNIT,WPARAM,LPARAM); char szAppName [ ] = Vidu;
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int WINAPI WinMain (HANDLE hInst, HANDLE hPrevInst, LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASSEX wndclass; wndclass.cbSize = sizeof(wndclass); wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = XulyMessage; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; wndclass.hInstance = hInst; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName; wndclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); RegisterClassEx(&wndclass); hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, Vi du mo dau, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, HWND_DESKTOP, NULL, hInst, NULL); ShowWindow (hwnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow (hwnd); while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg); DispatchMessage (&msg); } return msg.wParam; } LRESULT CALLBACK XulyMessage (HWND hwnd, UINT iMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HDC hdc; PAINTSTRUCT ps; RECT rect; switch (iMsg) { case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps);
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GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect); DrawText (hdc, Lap trinh C for Win, -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER); EndPaint (hwnd, &ps); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: return DefWindowProc (hwnd, iMsg, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } Ta s kho st v d trn nm c nguyn l hot ng ca chng. Trn y l on chng trnh n gin trn Windows, chng trnh ch hin th 1 khung ca s v 1 dng ch nhng c rt nhiu lnh m c php rt kh nh. Do vy, nguyn tc lp trnh trn Windows ch yu l sao chp v chnh sa nhng ni cn thit da vo mt chng trnh mu c sn. a. Hm WinMain() c thc hin u tin hay cn gi l im vo ca chng trnh. Ta thy hm ny c 4 tham s: o hInst, hPrevinst: Ch s chng trnh khi chng ang chy. V Windows l h iu hnh a nhim, c th c nhiu bn ca cng mt chng trnh cng chy vo cng mt thi im nn phi qun l cht ch chng. hInst l ch s bn chng trnh va khi ng, hPrevinst l ch s ca bn c khi ng trc v chng lun c gi tr NULL. o lpszCmdLine: cha a ch u ca xu k t cc i s dng lnh. o nCmdShow: Cho bit cch thc hin th ca s khi chng trnh khi ng. Windows c th gn gi tr SW_SHOWNORMAL hay SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE. Cc tham s trn do h iu hnh truyn vo. nh ngha lp ca s v ng k vi Windows o Lp ca s (window class):
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L mt tp cc thuc tnh m HH Windows s dng lm khun mu (template) khi to lp ca s. Mi lp ca s c c trng bng 1 tn (class-name) dng chui. Phn loi class: Lp ca s ca h thng (System class): c nh ngha trc bi HH Windows. Cc ng dng khng th hy b. Class Button Edit ListBox MDIClient ScrollBar Static Description The class for a button The class for an edit control The class for a list box The class for a MDI client window The class for a scroll bar The class for a static control
ComboBox The class for a combo box
Lp ca s do ng dng nh ngha: c ng k bi ng dng. C th hy b khi khng cn s dng na. Lp ton cc ca ng dng (Application global class). Lp cc b ca ng dng (Application local class).
Mi ca s u thuc mt lp xc nh.
o Khi ln u chy, ng dng phi nh ngha v ng k lp vi ca s (Window Class). y l cu trc d liu m t tnh cht ca ca s, ln lt ta gn cc gi tr ban u cho cc thnh phn ca cu trc lp ca s, bao gm: Kch thc, kiu, a ch hm x l thng ip ca s, nh ngha hnh dng cho con tr chut (cursor) v biu tng (Icon), mu nn, tn lp ca s. Macro Mu nn ca s
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BLACK_BRUSH
en
DKGRAY_BRUSH Xm en HOLLOW_BRUSH Khng t LTGRAY_BRUSH WHITE_BRUSH struct WNDCLASSEX { UINT cbSize; UINT style; WNDPROC lpfnWndProc; int cbClsExtra; int cbWndExtra; HINSTANCE hInstance; HICON hIcon; HCURSOR hCursor; HBRUSH hbrBackground; LPCTSTR lpszMenuName; LPCTSTR lpszClassName; HICON hIconSm; }; o Sau khi nh ngha cc thnh phn lp ca s ta phi ng k lp ca s vi h iu hnh (RegisterClassEX). ATOM RegisterClassEx (CONST WNDCLASSEX *lpWClass); vi: Kiu gi tr ca ATOM c nh ngha trong window.h l WORD; lpWClass l con tr n cu trc lp ca s; hm ny tr v ch s ca lp ca s. o C hai nguyn nhn dn n vic ng k ca s tht bi: Trng tn gia cc ng dng trong h iu hnh. Khng b nh. To lp ca s lm vic (Frame Window) Xm nht Trng
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o Sau khi ng k thnh cng ta c th to lp ca s thng qua hm CreateWindow(). HWND CreateWindow ( LPCSTR lpClassName, LPCSTR lpWinName, DWORD dwStyle, int X, int Y, int Width, int Height, HWND hParent, HMENU hMenu, HINSTANCE hInst, LPVOID lpszAdditional); Kiu WS_MINIMIZEBOX WS_OVERLAPPED WS_SYSMENU WS_VSCROLL WS_HSCROLL M t Ca s c phm co nh trn thanh tiu Ca s maximize v khng c ca s cha Ca s c hp thc n h thng Ca s c thanh trt dc Ca s c thanh trt ngang WS_MAXIMIZEBOX Ca s c phm dn to trn thanh tiu
o Gi hm ShowWindow() hin th ca s BOOL ShowWindow (HWND hwnd, int nShow); vi: hwnd ch s ca s cn hin th. nShow cch thc hin th ca ca s, tham s ny c nhn gi tr ln u tin ca hm WinMain(), chng c th nhn cc gi tr sau: Macro SW_HIDE SW_MINIMIZE SW_RESTORE Cch thc hin th Du ca s Thu nh ca s Tr li kch thc thng thng
SW_MAXIMIZE Phng to ca s ton mn hnh
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o thng bo cho ng dng bit l phi v li vng lm vic ca ca s, ta phi gi hm UpdateWindow() yu cu Windows gi thng ip n hm x l thng ip ca s. Vng lp thng ip o Khi nhn phm hay chut, Windows chuyn i s kin ny thnh cc thng ip v t vo hng i thng ip. Vng lp thng ip c nhim v nhn v x l cc thng ip trong hng i. o TranslateMessage: Dch thng ip sang dng tiu chun. o DispatchMessage: Phn phi thng ip n hm x l thng ip tng ng. b. Th tc x l thng ip Nhn v x l thng ip ca chng trnh. Mt chng trnh c th c nhiu th tc window. Mt lp ca s s khai bo 1 th tc window. Cc thng ip sau khi x l nn tr v gi tr 0. Dng tng qut: LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, //handle ca window nhn message UINT message, //ID ca thng ip (tn thng ip) WPARAM wParam, //thams th nht ca message (WORD) LPARAM lParam) //thams th hai ca message (LONG) { switch (message) { case WM_COMMAND: return 0; case WM_PAINT: return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } } Thng ip WM_PAINT: Cp nht li thng tin v trn mn hnh.
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Cc trng thi xut hin thng ip WM_PAINT: i. To ca s CreateWindow Hin th ShowWindow Cp nht UpdateWindow
ii. Xut hin hp thoi (Dialog box), thng bo (Message box) lm che mt phn hoc ton b ca s, khi cc hp thoi ny ng i th phi gi WM_PAINT v li ca s. iii. Khi thay i kch thc ca s WS_HREDRAW | WS_VREDRAW iv. Ca s ang minimize maximize HDC: (Handle to a device context) ch n 1 ng cnh thit b gm thit b phn cng v trnh iu khin thit b. BeginPaint: Ly ng cnh thit b. EndPaint: Gii phng ng cnh thit b. Thng ip WM_DESTROY: Xut hin khi ngi dng chn nt close trn ca s hoc nhn Alt+F4. Nhim v PostQuitMessage t thng ip WM_QUIT vo hng i.
10.
Ti nguyn ca ng dng (Resources)

L 1 i tng (object) c s dng trong ng dng (VD: menu bar, dialog, bitmap, icon, cursor, ). c nh ngha bn ngoi v c thm vo trong file thi hnh ca ng dng khi bin dch (linking). Cc dng resource:
Accelerator Bitmap Caret Cusor Dialog box Enhance metafile Font
Bng m t phm tt (hot-key). nh bitmap. Con tr vn bn. Con tr chut. Khung hp thoi. Tp hp cc cu trc lu nh (picture) theo nh dng c lp thit b (Device-Independent format). Font ch.
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Icon Menu String-table entry Version information
Biu tng. Menu. Bng m t cc chui k t. Bng m t thng tin phin bn.
11.
Stt
Mt s kiu d liu mi
Kiu d liu HWND : window HMENU : menu HCURSOR : cursor (brush) mu t: solid, dash, dot, cross, (pallete) bng mu (font) Facename, size, style bitmap icon Nt v: solid, dot, dash, size, color Device context (long pointer string) con tr n chui k t (word) cc tham s i km message. (long) kiu tr v ca hm x l Message. Con tr n kiu d liu bt k. Ch thch (nguyn khng du 16 bit) dng nh danh i tng
HANDLE
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
HBRUSH HPALLETE HFONT HBITMAP HICON HPEN HDC LTSTR WPARAM LPARAM LRESULT LPVOID
HINSTANCE Instance
12.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Phn tch, tm hiu source code ca project
// bt1.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 // Global Variables: HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
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TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];// The title bar text // Foward declarations of functions included in this code module: ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance); BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // TODO: Place code here. MSG msg; HACCEL hAccelTable; // Initialize global strings LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING); LoadString(hInstance, IDC_BT1, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING); MyRegisterClass(hInstance); // Perform application initialization: if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow)) { return FALSE; } hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_BT1); // Main message loop: while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } return msg.wParam; } // FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass() // PURPOSE: Registers the window class. // COMMENTS: // This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code // to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx' // function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function // so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated // with it. ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wcex; wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
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wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance; wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_BT1); wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wcex.lpszMenuName = (LPCSTR)IDC_BT1; wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance,(LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL); return RegisterClassEx(&wcex); } // FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int) // PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window // COMMENTS: // In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and // create and display the main program window. BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) { HWND hWnd; hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) { return FALSE; } ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hWnd); return TRUE; } // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG) // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window. // WM_COMMAND - process the application menu // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
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LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { int wmId, wmEvent,x,y; PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc; TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING]; LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING); switch (message) { case WM_COMMAND: wmId = LOWORD(wParam); wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam); // Parse the menu selections: switch (wmId) { case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hInst,(LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About);
break; case IDM_EXIT: DestroyWindow(hWnd); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: hdc = GetDC(hWnd); // TODO: Add any drawing code here... x=LOWORD(lParam); y=HIWORD(lParam); TextOut(hdc,x,y,(LPCTSTR)szHello, strlen(szHello)); break; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); // TODO: Add any drawing code here... RECT rt; GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt); DrawText(hdc, szHello, strlen(szHello), &rt, DT_CENTER); EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default:
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return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } // Mesage handler for about box. LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if (LOWORD(wParam)== IDOK||LOWORD(wParam)== IDCANCEL) { EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));return TRUE; } break; } return FALSE; }
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Bi 2: PAINT V REPAINT
1. Gii thiu
Windows khng gi li nhng g chng hin th trn vng lm vic ca ca s, cho nn chng trnh ng dng phi hin th ni dung ca s khi cn thit. V li ni dung ca s khi: Dng hm ScrollWindow: D liu hin th thay i cp nht li. Hm InvalidateRect: Lm bt hp l 1 phn hay ton b vng lm vic. Menu chng trnh bt xung lm che khut mt phn ca s. Di chuyn chut, di chuyn icon. Vng hnh ch nht hp l v bt hp l thng qua li gi hm BOOL InvalidateRect(HWND hwnd, CONST RECT *lpRect, BOOL bErase); vi: bErase = TRUE th t li nn, FALSE th gi nguyn. Hm BeginPaint() s lm hp l li vng bt hp l. Trong ca s cha PAINTSTRUCT, mc ch l s t hp li 2 hay nhiu vng bt hp l chng ln nhau. typedef struct tagPAINTSTRUCT { HDC hdc; BOOL fErase; RECT rcPaint; BOOL fRestore; BOOL flncUpdate; BYTE rgReserved[32]; }PAINTSTRUCT; Vi: fErase =
TRUE: xo vng hnh ch nht bt hp l. FALSE: Khng xo m ghi chng ln.
rcPaint cha to vng bt hp l.

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typedef tagRECT { LONG left, top; LONG right, bottom; }RECT;
2. Tng quan v GDI (Graphics Device Interface)

ng dng Windows Ng cnh thit b GDI Trnh iu khin thit b Thit b xut
a) Lm vic vi ng cnh thit b hdc cha cc thng tin nn cn thit cho vic v ln mn hnh, t ng giao tip vi phn cng. C nhiu cch nhn v gii phng hdc. o BeginPaint() v EndPaint() : Cp hm ny ch yu c dng trong phn WM_PAINT. HDC BeginPaint(HWND hwnd, LPPAINTSTRUCT lpPS); BOOL EndPaint(HWND hWnd, CONST PAINTSTRUCT *lpPaint); o GetDC() v ReleaseDC() : Khng lm hp l bt c vng bt hp l no. HDC GetDC(HWND hwnd); int ReleaseDC(HWND hwnd, HDC hdc); tr v TRUE nu gii phng c hdc. Vic ly v gii phng hdc ch nn c tin hnh bn trong phn x l 1 message.
Ngoi ra, cn c th nhn v device context ca ton mn hnh bng hm: hDC = CreateDC( "DISPLAY", NULL, NULL, NULL);
ly to v kch thc ca ca s lm vic ta dng hm BOOL GetClientRect(HWND hWnd, LPRECT lpRect); tr v gi tr khc khng nu thnh cng, ngc li tr v 0. Hin th s ln mn hnh wsprintf(s, %d + %d= %d, a, b, a+b); TextOut(hdc, x, y, s, wsprintf()); b) Ch nh x

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V tr hin th k t TextOut() l ta tng i trong ca s (ta logic). Windows s nh x n v ny thnh pixel khi hin th k t. ch mc nh ta logic pixel. c) M hnh mu RGB (Red Green Blue) Byte 3 0 C gi tr t 0 255 (0, 0, 0) en (255, 255, 255) trng Cc hm API lin quan n mu u s dng m hnh RGB. nh ngha mu COLORREF RGB (int red, int green, int blue). V d 1 : V hnh ch nht HDC hDC; HPEN hPen, oldHPen; hDC=GetDC(hWnd); hPen=CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 5, RGB(0, 0, 255)); oldHPen=(HPEN)SelectObject(hDC, hPen); Rectangle(hDC, 20, 20, 100, 100); SelectObject(hDC, oldHPen); DeleteObject(hPen); ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC); d) To lp v gii phng memory device context Memory device context (MDC) l mt device context o khng gn vi mt thit b xut c th no. Mun kt qu kt xut ra thit b vt l ta phi chp MDC ln mt device context tht s(device context c lin kt vi thit b vt l). MDC thng c dng nh mt device context trung gian v trc khi thc s xut ra thit b, nhm gim s chp git nu thit b xut l window hay mn hnh. to MDC tng thch vi mt hDC c th, s dng hm CreateCompatibleDC: HDC hMemDC; hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hDC); n gin hn, c th t NULL vo v tr hDC, Windows s to mt device context tng thch vi mn hnh. Byte 2 Blue Byte 1 Green Byte 0 Red

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Hy MDC bng hm DeleteDC. MDC c b mt hin th nh mt thit b tht. Tuy nhin, b mt hin th ny lc u rt nh, ch l mt pixel n sc. Khng th lm g vi mt b mt hin th ch gm 1 bit nh vy. Do cn lm cho b mt hin th ny rng hn bng cch chn mt i tng bitmap GDI vo MDC: SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap); Ch c th chn i tng bitmap vo MDC, khng th chn vo mt device context c th c. Sau khi chn mt i tng bitmap cho MDC, c th dng MDC nh mt device context tht s. Sau khi c hon tt trong MDC, nh c a ra device context tht s bng hm BitBlt: BitBlt(hDC, xDest, yDest, nWidth, nHeight, hMemDC, xSource, ySource); V d : Chun b nh trc khi a ra mn hnh, trnh gy chp mn hnh trong thng ip WM_PAINT. case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); // Ly v kch thc vng client ca ca s hin hnh RECT rect; GetClientRect(hWnd, &rect); // To MDC tng thch vi DC ca ca s HDC hMemDC; hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc); // Chn mt i tng bitmap m rng vng hin th cho MDC HBITMAP bitmap,oBitmap; bitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, rect.right, rect.bottom); oBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hMemDC, bitmap); // V li nn MDC FillRect(hMemDC, &rect, HBRUSH (GetBkColor(hMemDC))); // Xut hnh nh, text ra MDC SetPixel(hMemDC, 0, 0, RGB(255,0,0)); MoveToEx(hMemDC, 50, 50, NULL); LineTo(hMemDC, 100, 100); Rectangle(hMemDC, 10, 10, 100, 100); TextOut(hMemDC, 15 ,15, "Testing MDC", 11);

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If (!BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, rect.right, rect.bottom, hMemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY)) MessageBox(hWnd, "Failed to transfer bit block", "Error",MB_OK); // Phc hi li bitmap c cho MDC SelectObject(hMemDC, oBitmap); // Gii phng MDC, bitmap to DeleteDC(hMemDC); DeleteObject(bitmap); EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break;
3. Mt s hm ha c s
a) Nhm hm v COLORREF GetPixel(HDC hDC, int nXPos, int nYPos); Ly v gi tr mu ti v tr (nXPos, nYPos) ca hDC, tr v -1 nu im ny nm ngoi vng hin th. COLORREF SetPixel(HDC hDC, int nXPos, int nYPos, COLORREF clrRef); V mt im mu clrRef ti v tr (nXPos, nYPos) ln hDC. Gi tr tr v l mu ca im (nXPos, nYPos) hoc -1 nu im ny nm ngoi vng hin th. DWORD MoveToEx(HDC hDC, int x, int y); Di chuyn bt v n ta (x, y) trn hDC. Gi tr tr v l ta c ca bt v, x = LOWORD, y = HIWORD. BOOL LineTo(HDC hDC, int xEnd, int yEnd); V on thng t v tr hin hnh n v tr (xEnd, yEnd) trn hDC. Hm tr v TRUE nu thnh cng, FALSE nu tht bi. BOOL Polyline(HDC hDC, const POINT FAR *lpPoints, int nPoints); V ng gp khc ln hDC bng cc on thng lin tip, s nh l nPoints vi ta cc nh c xc nh trong lpPoints. Hm tr v TRUE nu thnh cng, FALSE nu tht bi. BOOL Polygon(HDC hDC, const POINT FAR *lpPoints, int nPoints); V a gic c nPoints nh, ta cc nh c xc nh bi lpPoints. Hm tr v TRUE nu thnh cng, FALSE nu tht bi.

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BOOL Rectangle(HDC hDC, int left, int top, int right, int bottom); V hnh ch nht c ta l left, top, right, bottom ln hDC. HPEN CreatePen(int penStyle, int penWidth, COLORREF penColor); To bt v c kiu penStyle, dy nt v l penWidth, mu penColor. Hm tr v handle ca bt v nu thnh cng v tr v NULL nu tht bi. Cc gi tr ca penStyle nh sau : Gi tr PS_SOLID PS_DASH PS_DOT PS_DASHDOT PS_DASHDOTDOT PS_NULL PS_INSIDEFRAME Cc kiu bt v penStyle V d : To bt v mi v dng bt v ny v mt s ng c s. HDC hDC; POINT PointArr[3]; HPEN hPen, hOldPen; hDC = GetDC(hWnd); PointArr[0].x = 50; PointArr[0].y = 10; PointArr[1].x = 250; PointArr[1].y = 50; PointArr[2].x = 125; PointArr[2].y = 130; Polyline(hDC, PointArr, 3); hPen = (HPEN)CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 0, 255)); hOldPen = SelectObject(hDC, hPen); MoveToEx(hDC, 100, 100, NULL); LineTo(hDC, 200, 150); SelectObject(hDC, hOldPen); DeleteObject(hPen); ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC); b) Nhm hm min HBRUSH CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF cRef); To mu t c vi mu cRef. Khng hin th Gii thch

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HBRUSH CreateHatchBrush(int bStyle, COLORREF cRef); To mu t dng li kiu bStyle vi mu cRef. Cc kiu bStyle : HS_HORIZONTAL HS_BDIAGONAL HS_VERTICAL HS_CROSS HS_FDIAGONAL HS_DIAGCROSS BOOL FloodFill(HDC hDC, int xStart, int yStart, COLORREF cRef); T mu mt vng kn, mu ng bin l cRef. BOOL ExtFloodFill(HDC hDC, int xStart, int yStart, COLORREF cRef, UINT fillStyle); T mu mt vng kn, fillStyle quyt nh cch t : o FLOODFILLBORDER : T mu vng c mu ng bin l cRef. o FLOODFILLSURFACE : T vng c mu cRef. V d : S dng cc mu c sn v to cc mu t mi t. HDC hDC; HPEN hPen; HBRUSH hBrush, hOldBrush; hDC = GetDC(hWnd); //V hai hnh ch nht vi bt v Black hPen = (HPEN)GetStockObject(BLACK_PEN); SelectObject(hDC, hPen); Rectangle(hDC, 10, 10, 50, 50); Rectangle(hDC, 100, 100, 200, 200); // Dng mt trong cc mu t c sn t hnh hBrush = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH); SelectObject(hDC, hBrush); FloodFill(hDC, 30, 30, RGB(0,0,255)); // To mu t mi t hnh th hai hBrush = (HBRUSH)CreateHatchBrush(HS_DIAGCROSS, RGB(0, 255, 255)); hOldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hDC, hBrush); FloodFill(hDC, 150, 150, RGB(0, 0, 0)); SelectObject(hDC, hOldBrush); //Xa mu t v gii phng hDC DeleteObject(hBrush); ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC);
4. Kt lun
WM_PAINT l message c u tin thp. Khi WM_PAINT trong hng ch v c mt s Window Message khc th Windows x l WM khc ri mi x l WM_PAINT.
Bi 3:Cc thit b nhp liu

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Bi 3: CC THIT B NHP LIU

1.
Bn phm
a. Chng trnh iu khin bn phm (Keyboard.drv) Windows c np Keyboard.drv khi khi ng v x l phm. Sau keyboard.drv chuyn cho USER bin phm nhn thnh message v a vo hng i (Hng i h thng v hng i chng trnh). b. Ca s c focus Khi ca s c focus th pht sinh thng ip WM_SETFOCUS. Ngc li pht sinh WM_KILLFOCUS. c. Thng ip phm MSG msg; while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } Thng ip Nguyn nhn pht sinh Thng ip ny cng c gi n cc ca s b kch hot v ca s khng b kch hot. Nu cc ca s ny cng mt hng i nhp liu, cc thng ip ny s c truyn mt cch ng b, u tin th tc Windows ca ca s trn cng b mt kch hot, sau n th tc ca ca s trn cng c kch hot. Nu cc ca s ny khng nm trong cng mt hng i th thng ip s c gi mt cch khng ng b, do ca s s c kch hot ngay lp tc. Thng bo n ca s rng ngi dng to mt s kin lnh ng dng, v d khi ngi dng kch vo button s dng chut hay nh vo mt k t kch hot mt lnh ca ng dng.
WM_ACTIVATE
WM_APPCOMMAND

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WM_CHAR
Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s c s quan tm khi thng ip WM_KEYDOWN c dch t hm TranslateMessage. Thng ip WM_CHAR c cha m k t ca phm c nhn. Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s c s quan tm khi thng ip WM_KEYUP c x l t hm TranslateMessage. Thng ip ny xc nhn m k t khi mt phm dead key c nhn. Phm dead key l phm kt hp to ra k t ngn ng khng c trong ting anh (xut hin trong bn phm h tr ngn ng khc ting Anh). ng dng gi thng ip ny xc nh mt phm nng lin quan n mt ca s. gi thng ip ny th dng hm SendMessage. Thng ip ny c gi khi ngi dng nhn mt phm nng c ng k trong RegisterHotKey. Thng ip ny c gi cho ca s nhn c s quan tm khi ngi dng nhn mt phm trn bn phm. Phm ny khng phi phm h thng (Phm khng c nhn phm Alt). Thng ip ny c gi cho ca s nhn c s quan tm khi ngi dng nh mt phm c nhn trc .Phm ny khng phi phm h thng (Phm khng c nhn phm Alt). Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s ang nhn c s quan tm trc khi n mt quyn ny. Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s sau khi ca s nhn c s quan tm ca Windows ng dng s gi thng ip ny n ca s lin quan n phm nng, khi ngi dng nhn mt phm nng th ca s tng ng lin quan ti phm nng ny s c kch hot. Thng ip ny s c gi ti ca s nhn c s quan tm khi hm TranslateMesage x l xong thng ip WM_SYSKEYDOWN.
WM_DEADCHAR
WM_GETHOTKEY
WM_HOTKEY
WM_KEYDOWN
WM_KEYUP
WM_KILLFOCUS WM_SETFOCUS WM_SETHOTKEY
WM_SYSCHAR

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Thng ip WM_SYSCHAR cha m ca phm h thng. Phm h thng l phm c cha phm Alt v t hp phm khc. WM_SYSDEADCHAR Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s nhn c s quan tm khi mt thng ip WM_SYSKEYDOWN c bin dch trong hm TranslateMessage. Thng ip ny xc nhn m k t ca phm h thng deadkey c nhn. WM_SYSKEYDOWN Thng ip ny c gi ti ca s nhn c s quan tm khi ngi dng nhn phm h thng.
d. V d
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#define BUFSIZE 65535 #define SHIFTED 0x8000 LONG APIENTRY MainWndProc(HWND hwndMain, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HDC hdc; // handle to device context TEXTMETRIC tm; // structure for text metrics static DWORD dwCharX; // average width of characters static DWORD dwCharY; // height of characters static DWORD dwClientX; // width of client area static DWORD dwClientY; // height of client area static DWORD dwLineLen; // line length static DWORD dwLines; // text lines in client area static int nCaretPosX = 0; // horizontal position of caret static int nCaretPosY = 0; // vertical position of caret static int nCharWidth = 0; // width of a character static int cch = 0; // characters in buffer static int nCurChar = 0; // index of current character static PTCHAR pchInputBuf; // input buffer int i, j; // loop counters int cCR = 0; // count of carriage returns int nCRIndex = 0; // index of last carriage return int nVirtKey; // virtual-key code TCHAR szBuf[128]; // temporary buffer TCHAR ch; // current character PAINTSTRUCT ps; // required by BeginPaint RECT rc; // output rectangle for DrawText SIZE sz; // string dimensions COLORREF crPrevText; // previous text color

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COLORREF crPrevBk; // previous background color switch (uMsg) { case WM_CREATE: // Get the metrics of the current font. hdc = GetDC(hwndMain); GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm); ReleaseDC(hwndMain, hdc); // Save the average character width and height. dwCharX = tm.tmAveCharWidth; dwCharY = tm.tmHeight; // Allocate a buffer to store keyboard input. pchInputBuf = (LPTSTR) GlobalAlloc(GPTR, BUFSIZE * sizeof(TCHAR)); return 0; case WM_SIZE: // Save the new width and height of the client area. dwClientX = LOWORD(lParam); dwClientY = HIWORD(lParam); // Calculate the maximum width of a line and the // maximum number of lines in the client area. dwLineLen = dwClientX - dwCharX; dwLines = dwClientY / dwCharY; break; case WM_SETFOCUS: // Create, position, and display the caret when the // window receives the keyboard focus. CreateCaret(hwndMain, (HBITMAP) 1, 0, dwCharY); SetCaretPos(nCaretPosX, nCaretPosY * dwCharY); ShowCaret(hwndMain); break; case WM_KILLFOCUS: // Hide and destroy the caret when the window loses the // keyboard focus. HideCaret(hwndMain); DestroyCaret(); break; case WM_CHAR: switch (wParam) { case 0x08: // backspace case 0x0A: // linefeed case 0x1B: // escape MessageBeep((UINT) -1); return 0; case 0x09: // tab

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// Convert tabs to four consecutive spaces. for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) SendMessage(hwndMain, WM_CHAR, 0x20, 0); return 0; case 0x0D: // carriage return // Record the carriage return and position the // caret at the beginning of the new line. pchInputBuf[cch++] = 0x0D; nCaretPosX = 0; nCaretPosY += 1; break; default: // displayable character ch = (TCHAR) wParam; HideCaret(hwndMain); // Retrieve the character's width and output // the character. hdc = GetDC(hwndMain); GetCharWidth32(hdc, (UINT) wParam, (UINT) wParam, &nCharWidth); TextOut(hdc, nCaretPosX, nCaretPosY * dwCharY, &ch, 1); ReleaseDC(hwndMain, hdc); // Store the character in the buffer. pchInputBuf[cch++] = ch; // Calculate the new horizontal position of the // caret. If the position exceeds the maximum, // insert a carriage return and move the caret // to the beginning of the next line. nCaretPosX += nCharWidth; if ((DWORD) nCaretPosX > dwLineLen) { nCaretPosX = 0; pchInputBuf[cch++] = 0x0D; ++nCaretPosY; } nCurChar = cch; ShowCaret(hwndMain); break; } SetCaretPos(nCaretPosX, nCaretPosY * dwCharY); break; case WM_KEYDOWN: switch (wParam) { case VK_LEFT: // LEFT ARROW // The caret can move only to the beginning of

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// the current line. if (nCaretPosX > 0) { HideCaret(hwndMain); // Retrieve the character to the left of // the caret, calculate the character's // width, then subtract the width from the // current horizontal position of the caret // to obtain the new position. ch = pchInputBuf[--nCurChar]; hdc = GetDC(hwndMain); GetCharWidth32(hdc, ch, ch, &nCharWidth); ReleaseDC(hwndMain, hdc); nCaretPosX = max(nCaretPosX - nCharWidth, 0); ShowCaret(hwndMain); } break; case VK_RIGHT: // RIGHT ARROW // Caret moves to the right or, when a carriage // return is encountered, to the beginning of // the next line. if (nCurChar < cch) { HideCaret(hwndMain); // Retrieve the character to the right of // the caret. If it's a carriage return, // position the caret at the beginning of // the next line. ch = pchInputBuf[nCurChar]; if (ch == 0x0D) { nCaretPosX = 0; nCaretPosY++; } // If the character isn't a carriage // return, check to see whether the SHIFT // key is down. If it is, invert the text // colors and output the character. else { hdc = GetDC(hwndMain); nVirtKey = GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT); if (nVirtKey & SHIFTED) { crPrevText = SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(255, 255, 255));

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crPrevBk = SetBkColor(hdc, RGB(0,0,0)); TextOut(hdc, nCaretPosX, nCaretPosY * dwCharY, &ch, 1); SetTextColor(hdc, crPrevText); SetBkColor(hdc, crPrevBk); } // Get the width of the character and // calculate the new horizontal position of the caret. GetCharWidth32(hdc, ch, ch, &nCharWidth); ReleaseDC(hwndMain, hdc); nCaretPosX = nCaretPosX + nCharWidth; } nCurChar++; ShowCaret(hwndMain); break; } break; case VK_UP: // UP ARROW case VK_DOWN: // DOWN ARROW MessageBeep((UINT) -1); return 0; case VK_HOME: // HOME // Set the caret's position to the upper left // corner of the client area. nCaretPosX = nCaretPosY = 0; nCurChar = 0; break; case VK_END: // END // Move the caret to the end of the text. for (i=0; i < cch; i++) { // Count the carriage returns and save the // index of the last one. if (pchInputBuf[i] == 0x0D) { cCR++; nCRIndex = i + 1; } } nCaretPosY = cCR; // Copy all text between the last carriage // return and the end of the keyboard input // buffer to a temporary buffer.

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for (i = nCRIndex, j = 0; i < cch; i++, j++) szBuf[j] = pchInputBuf[i]; szBuf[j] = TEXT('\0'); // Retrieve the text extent and use it // to set the horizontal position of the // caret. hdc = GetDC(hwndMain); GetTextExtentPoint32(hdc, szBuf, lstrlen(szBuf), &sz); nCaretPosX = sz.cx; ReleaseDC(hwndMain, hdc); nCurChar = cch; break; default: break; } SetCaretPos(nCaretPosX, nCaretPosY * dwCharY); break; case WM_PAINT: if (cch == 0) // nothing in input buffer break; hdc = BeginPaint(hwndMain, &ps); HideCaret(hwndMain); // Set the clipping rectangle, and then draw the text // into it. SetRect(&rc, 0, 0, dwLineLen, dwClientY); DrawText(hdc, pchInputBuf, -1, &rc, DT_LEFT); ShowCaret(hwndMain); EndPaint(hwndMain, &ps); break; // Process other messages. case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); // Free the input buffer. GlobalFree((HGLOBAL) pchInputBuf); UnregisterHotKey(hwndMain, 0xAAAA); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hwndMain, uMsg, wParam, lParam); } return NULL; }
2.
Thit b chut
a. Kim tra thit b chut int GetSystemMetrics(

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int nIndex // system metric or configuration setting ); fMouse = GetSystemMetrics( SM_MOUSEPRESENT ); Gi tr tr v fMouse l TRUE (1) nu c thit b chut c ci t, v ngc li bng FALSE (0) nu thit b chut khng c ci t vo my. b. Trong lp ca s ta nh ngha con tr chut cho ng dng wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor ( NULL, IDC_ARROR); wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS; Vi thit b chut ta c th c cc hnh ng nh sau: Kch chut : nhn v th mt nt chut. Kch p chut : nhn v th chut nhanh (nhn 2 ln nhanh). Ko : di chuyn chut trong khi vn nm gi mt nt. c. Thng ip chut trong vng lm vic Nt Tri Gia Phi Nhn WM_LBUTTONDOWN Th WM_LBUTTONUP Nhn p WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK
WM_MBUTTONDOWN WM_MBUTTONUP WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK WM_RBUTTONDOWN phm Ctrl. MK_LBUTTON MK_MBUTTON MK_RBUTTON MK_SHIFT MK_CONTROL 2 bytes thp: ta x 2 bytes cao: ta y f. V d Nt chut tri nhn Nt chut gia nhn Nt chut phi nhn Phm Shift c nhn Phm Ctrl c nhn WM_MBUTTONUP WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK
d. Gi tr wParam s cho bit trng thi ca nt nhn, phm Shift, v
e. Gi tr lParam s cho bit v tr chut ti thi im pht sinh message.

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LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HDC hdc; static POINT oldPoint; static int iC; int WIDTH_PEN = 2; HPEN oPen,pen; COLORREF Col [ ] ={ RGB (0, 0, 0) , RGB (255 ,0 ,0), RGB (0, 255, 0), RGB (0, 0, 255), RGB (255, 255, 0)}; POINT point; TCHAR str [255]; switch ( message ) // X l thng ip { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: /* V ng thng t v tr trc n v tr chut hin ti*/ hdc = GetDC ( hWnd ); pen = CreatePen ( PS_SOLID,WIDTH_PEN,Col [ iC] ); oPen = ( HPEN ) SelectObject ( hdc,pen ); point.x = LOWORD ( lParam ); point.y = HIWORD ( lParam ); MoveToEx ( hdc, oldPoint.x, oldPoint.y, NULL ); LineTo ( hdc, point.x, point.y ); oldPoint = point; /* Chn li bt v trc v hy bt v va to*/ SelectObject ( hdc, oPen ); DeleteObject ( pen ); ReleaseDC ( hWnd, hdc ); break; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: /* Chuyn index ca bng mu sang v tr tip theo, nu cui bng mu th quay li mu u tin*/ iC = ( iC+1 ) % ( sizeof ( Col ) / sizeof ( COLORREF ) ); break; case WM_MOUSEMOVE: /* Xut to chut hin thi ln thanh tiu */ sprintf ( str,"Toa do chuot x = %d, To do y = %d", LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam)); SetWindowText ( hWnd, str ); /* Kim tra xem c gi phm chut tri hay khng*/ if ( wParam & MK_LBUTTON ) { hdc = GetDC ( hWnd );

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pen = CreatePen ( PS_SOLID,WIDTH_PEN,Col [ iC ] ); oPen = ( HPEN ) SelectObject ( hdc, pen ); point.x = LOWORD ( lParam ); point.y = HIWORD ( lParam ); MoveToEx ( hdc, oldPoint.x, oldPoint.y, NULL ); LineTo ( hdc, point.x, point.y ); oldPoint = point; SelectObject ( hdc, oPen ); DeleteObject ( pen ); ReleaseDC ( hWnd, hdc ); } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage ( 0 ); break; default: return DefWindowProc ( hWnd, message, wParam, lParam ); } return 0; }
3.
Timer
a. Khi to UINT_PTR SetTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT_PTR nIDEvent, UINT uElapse, TIMERPROC lpTimerFunc ); hWnd : nh danh ca ca s khai bo dng b nh thi gian. nIDEvent : nh danh ca b nh thi gian. nElapse : L khong thi gian ngh gia hai ln gi thng ip lpTimerFunc : Hm s x l khi thng ip WM_TIMER pht sinh, nu chng ta khai bo l NULL th Windows s gi thng ip WM_TIMER vo hng i thng ip ca ca s tng ng. b. Hy BOOL KillTimer( HWND hWnd, UINT_PTR uIDEvent ); hWnd : nh danh ca ca s dng b nh thi gian uIDEvent : nh danh ca b nh thi gian. c. V d 1
#include <time.h>

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#include "stdio.h" #define MAX_POINT 10000 #define IDT_TIMER1 1 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc; static int NumCir = 0; static POINT point [ MAX_POINT ]; int r = 5, i; HPEN pen, oldPen; RECT rc; TCHAR str [255]; /* X l thng ip*/ switch ( message ) { case WM_CREATE: SetTimer(hWnd, IDT_TIMER1, 500, (TIMERPROC) NULL); srand ( (unsigned) time( NULL ) ); break; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint ( hWnd, &ps ); pen = CreatePen ( PS_SOLID, 2, RGB (255,0,0) ); oldPen = (HPEN) SelectObject ( hdc, pen ); for( i=0; i < NumCir; i++ ) Arc ( hdc, point[i].x-r, point[i].y-r, point[i].x+r, point[i].y+r, point[i].x+r, point[i].y,point[i].x+r,point[i].y); SelectObject ( hdc, oldPen ); DeleteObject ( pen ); EndPaint ( hWnd, &ps ); break; case WM_TIMER: GetClientRect ( hWnd, &rc ); point [NumCir].x = rand( ) % (rc.right - rc.left); point [NumCir].y = rand( ) % (rc.bottom - rc.top); NumCir++; sprintf ( str,"So vong tron : %d", NumCir); SetWindowText ( hWnd, str ); InvalidateRect ( hWnd, &rc, FALSE); break; case WM_DESTROY: KillTimer ( hWnd, IDT_TIMER1 ); PostQuitMessage ( 0 );

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break; default: return DefWindowProc ( hWnd, message, wParam, lParam ); } return 0; } d. V d 2
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#include <time.h> #include "stdio.h" #define IDT_TIMER1 1 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc; /* Khai bo bin lu cc gi tr khng gian*/ struct tm *newtime; time_t CurTime; TCHAR str [255]; RECT rc; /* Bin LOGFONT to font mi*/ LOGFONT lf; HFONT oldFont, font; COLORREF color = RGB (255, 0, 0), oldColor; switch ( message ) { case WM_CREATE: /* khi to b nh thi gian, v khai bo hm x l Timer*/ SetTimer ( hWnd, IDT_TIMER1, 1000, ( TIMERPROC ) TimerProc ); break; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint ( hWnd, &ps ); time( &CurTime ); newtime = localtime ( &CurTime ); GetClientRect ( hWnd, &rc ); sprintf(str,"Gio hien tai : %d gio: %d phut: %d giay", newtime->tm_hour,newtime->tm_min, newtime>tm_sec); oldColor = SetTextColor ( hdc, color ); memset ( &lf, 0, sizeof ( LOGFONT ) ); lf.lfHeight = 50; strcpy ( lf.lfFaceName, "Tahoma" );

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font = CreateFontIndirect ( &lf ); oldFont = ( HFONT ) SelectObject ( hdc,font ); DrawText ( hdc, str, strlen(str), &rc, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE ); SetTextColor ( hdc,oldColor ); SelectObject ( hdc,oldFont ); DeleteObject ( font ); EndPaint ( hWnd, &ps ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage ( 0 ); break; default: return DefWindowProc ( hWnd, message, wParam, lParam ); } return 0; } VOID CALLBACK TimerProc( HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, UINT_PTR idEvent, DWORD dwTime) { RECT rc; GetClientRect ( hwnd, &rc ); InvalidateRect ( hwnd, &rc, TRUE ); }
Bi 4: Hp thai v iu khin

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Bi 4: HP THOI V IU KHIN
1. Hp thoi
Hp thoi phi hp gia ngi s dng vi chng trnh bng mt s phn t iu khin m cc phn t ny nhn nhim v thu nhn thng tin t ngi dng v cung cp thng tin n ngi dng khi ngi dng tc ng n cc phn t iu khin. Cc phn t iu khin ny nhn ca s cha l mt hp thoi. Cc phn t iu khin thng l cc Button, List Box, Combo Box, Check Box, Radio Button, Edit Box, Scroll Bar, Static. Hp thoi trng thi (modal). Hp thoi khng trng thi (modeless). Hp thoi thng dng (common dialog) a) Thit k hp thai

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V d:
IDD_DIALOG1 DIALOG DISCARDABLE 0, 0, 196, 102 STYLE DS_MODALFRAME | WS_POPUP | WS_CAPTION CAPTION "Logon" FONT 8, "MS Sans Serif" BEGIN DEFPUSHBUTTON "OK",IDOK,24,81,50,14 PUSHBUTTON "Cancel",IDCANCEL,109,81,50,14 LTEXT "User name",IDC_STATIC,7,23,40,15 LTEXT "Password",IDC_STATIC,7,50,40,16 EDITTEXT DC_EDT_NAME,52,19,137,16,ES_AUTOHSCROLL EDITTEXT IDC_EDT_PASSWORD, 52, 48, 137, 16, ES_AUTOHSCROLL END Kiu iu khin PUSHBUTTON DEFPUSHBUTTON CHECKBOX RADIOBUTTON GROUPBOX LTEXT CTEXT RTEXT ICON EDITTEXT Lp ca s Button Button Button Button Button Static Static Static Static Edit Kiu BS_PUSHBUTTON BS_DEFBUSHBUTTON | WS_TABSTOP BS_CHECKBOX | WS_TABSTOP BS_RADIOBUTTON | WS_TABSTOP BS_GROUPBOX | WS_TABSTOP SS_LEFT | WS_GROUP SS_CENTER | WS_GROUP SS_RIGHT | WS_GROUP SS_ICON ES_LEFT | WS_BORDER |

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WS_STABSTOP SCROLLBAR LISTBOX COMBOBOX Scrollbar Listbox Combobox SBS_HORZ LBS_NOTIFY | WS_BORDER | WS_VSCROLL CBS_SIMPLE | WS_TABSTOP
Cc kiu iu khin Cc kiu iu khin c khai bo trong resource script c dng nh sau, ngoi tr kiu iu khin LISTBOX, COMBOBOX, SCROLLBAR, EDITTEXT. Control-type "text", id, xPos, yPos, xWidth, yHeight, iStyle Cc kiu iu khin LISTBOX, COMBOBOX, SCROLLBAR, EDITTEXT c khai bo trong resource script vi cu trc nh trn nhng khng c trng "text". Thm thuc tnh cho cc kiu iu khin bng cch thay i tham s iStyle. V d ta mun to radio button vi chui din t nm bn tri ca nt th ta gn trng iStyle bng BS_LEFTTEXT c th nh sau. RADIOBUTTON Radio1",IDC_RADIO1,106,10,53,15,BS_LEFTTEXT b) Th tc x l hp thai c im Mi hp thai cn c mt th tc x l ring. Cc thng ip khng c gi ti hm x l ca s chnh. L mt hm x l ca s. Mu hm BOOL CALLBACK Tn hm (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; C nhiu thng ip khc nhau. Khng cn x l WM_PAINT v WM_DESTROY. X l thng ip no th tr v TRUE, nu khng tr v FALSE.

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Thng phi x l hai thng ip chnh: WM_INITDIALOG v WM_COMMAND: LOWORD(WPARAM) cha ID cc iu khin. V d:
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LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HINSTANCE hInstance ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE : hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND : switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDC_SHOW : DialogBox (hInstance, TEXT ("DIALOG1"), hwnd, DialogProc) ; break; } return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY : PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } /*----------------------hm x l thng ip hp thoi----------------------*/ BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDOK : EndDialog (hDlg, 0) ;

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return TRUE ; } break ; } return FALSE ; } c) Hp thoi trng thi Hin th hp thoi INT_PTR DialogBox( HINSTANCE hInstance, // handle to module LPCTSTR lpTemplate, // dialog box template HWND hWndParent, // handle to owner window DLGPROC lpDialogFunc // dialog box procedure ); V d: DialogBox (hInstance, TEXT ("DIALOG1"), hwnd, DialogProc) ; Gi thng ip n hm WndProc yu cu x l ngay c khi hp thoi ang m nh hm SendMessage: SendMessage(GetParent(hDlg), message, wParam, lParam); Thm tiu cho hp thoi: SetWindowText(hDlg,TEXT("Hello Dialog")); trong x l thng ip WM_INITDIALOG ng hp thoi BOOL EndDialog( HWND hDlg, // handle to dialog box INT_PTR nResult // value to return ); V d

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LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); int iCurrentColor = IDC_BLACK, iCurrentFigure = IDC_RECT; int iCurrenBrush = IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL; void PaintWindow(HWND hwnd, int iColor, int iFigure, int iBrush) { static COLORREF crColor[8] = { RGB(0, 0, 0), RGB(0, 0, 255), RGB(0, 255, 0), RGB(0, 255, 255), RGB(255, 0, 0), RGB(255, 0, 255), RGB(255, 255, 0), RGB(255, 255, 255) } ; HBRUSH hBrush,hbrush; HDC hdc ; RECT rect ; hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ; if(iBrush==IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL) hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_BDIAGONAL, crColor[iColor-IDC_BLACK]); if(iBrush == IDC_HS_CROSS) hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_CROSS, crColor[iColor - IDC_BLACK]); if(iBrush == IDC_HS_DIAGCROSS) hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_DIAGCROSS, crColor[iColor - IDC_BLACK]); if(iBrush == IDC_HS_FDIAGONAL) hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_FDIAGONAL, crColor[iColor - IDC_BLACK]); if(iBrush == IDC_HS_HORIZONTAL) hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_HORIZONTAL, crColor[iColor - IDC_BLACK]); if(iBrush == IDC_HS_VERTICAL) hbrush=CreateHatchBrush(HS_BDIAGONAL, crColor[iColor - IDC_BLACK]); hBrush = (HBRUSH) SelectObject (hdc, hbrush) ; if (iFigure == IDC_RECT) Rectangle (hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom) ; else Ellipse(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom) ; DeleteObject (SelectObject (hdc, hBrush)) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; } void PaintTheBlock(HWND hCtrl, int iColor, int iFigure, int iBrush) { InvalidateRect (hCtrl, NULL, TRUE) ; UpdateWindow (hCtrl) ; PaintWindow (hCtrl, iColor, iFigure,iBrush) ; }

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LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HINSTANCE hInstance ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: hInstance = ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance ; return 0 ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDC_SHOW: if (DialogBox (hInstance, TEXT ("DIALOG"), hwnd, DialogProc)) InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; } break; case WM_PAINT: BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; PaintWindow (hwnd, iCurrentColor, iCurrentFigure, iCurrenBrush) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; } BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc (HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HWND hCtrlBlock ; static int iColor, iFigure,iBrush; switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: iColor = iCurrentColor ; iFigure = iCurrentFigure ; iBrush = iCurrenBrush; CheckRadioButton(hDlg,IDC_BLACK,IDC_WHITE, iColor);

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CheckRadioButton(hDlg,IDC_RECT,IDC_ELLIPSE,iFig ure);CheckRadioButton (hDlg, IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL, IDC_HS_VERTICAL, iBrush); hCtrlBlock = GetDlgItem (hDlg, IDC_PAINT) ; SetFocus (GetDlgItem (hDlg, iColor)) ; return FALSE ; case WM_COMMAND: switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case IDOK: iCurrentColor = iColor ; iCurrentFigure = iFigure ; iCurrenBrush = iBrush; EndDialog (hDlg, TRUE) ; return TRUE ; case IDCANCEL: EndDialog (hDlg, FALSE) ; return TRUE ; case IDC_BLACK: case IDC_RED: case IDC_GREEN: case IDC_YELLOW: case IDC_BLUE: case IDC_MAGENTA: case IDC_CYAN: case IDC_WHITE: iColor = LOWORD (wParam) ; CheckRadioButton (hDlg, IDC_BLACK, IDC_WHITE, LOWORD (wParam)) ; PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure,iBrush); return TRUE ; case IDC_RECT: case IDC_ELLIPSE: iFigure = LOWORD (wParam) ; CheckRadioButton (hDlg, IDC_RECT, IDC_ELLIPSE, LOWORD (wParam)) ; PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure,iBrush); return TRUE ; case IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL: case IDC_HS_CROSS: case IDC_HS_DIAGCROSS: case IDC_HS_FDIAGONAL: case IDC_HS_HORIZONTAL: case IDC_HS_VERTICAL:

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iBrush = LOWORD (wParam) CheckRadioButton(hDlg,IDC_HS_BDIAGONAL, IDC_HS_VERTICAL, LOWORD (wParam)) ; PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure,iBrush); return TRUE ; } break; case WM_PAINT: PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure,iBrush) ; break ; } return FALSE ; } d) Hp thoi khng trng thi Hin th hp thoi HWND hDlgModeless=CreateDialog(hInstance, szTemplate, hwndParent, DialogProc); ShowWindow(hDlgModeless,SW_SHOW); while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (hDlgModeless==0 || !IsDialogMessage (hDlgModeless, &msg); { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } while(GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (hDlgModeless==0 || !IsDialogMessage(hDlgModeless, &msg); { if(TranslateAccelerator (hwnd, hAccel, &msg) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } } ng hp thoi
t hDlgModeless v gi tr 0.

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BOOL DestroyWindow( HWND hWnd // handle to window to destroy ); V d
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void PaintWindow (HWND hwnd, int iColor[], int iFigure) { HBRUSH hBrush ; HDC hdc ; RECT rect ; hdc = GetDC(hwnd) ; GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ; hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(iColor[0], iColor[1], iColor[2])); hBrush = (HBRUSH) SelectObject (hdc, hBrush) ; if (iFigure == IDC_RECT) Rectangle (hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom) ; else Ellipse(hdc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom) ; DeleteObject (SelectObject (hdc, hBrush)) ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_PAINT: PaintTheBlock(hwnd, iColor, iFigure) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY :

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DeleteObject((HGDIOBJ)SetClassLong(hw nd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND,(LONG) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH))) ; PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); } void PaintTheBlock (HWND hCtrl, int iColor[], int iFigure) { InvalidateRect (hCtrl, NULL, TRUE); UpdateWindow (hCtrl) ; PaintWindow (hCtrl, iColor, iFigure) ; } BOOL CALLBACK ColorScrDlg (HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { HWND hwndParent, hCtrl ; static HWND hCtrlBlock ; int iCtrlID, iIndex ; switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG : hCtrlBlock = GetDlgItem (hDlg, IDC_PAINT) ; for (iCtrlID = 10 ; iCtrlID < 13 ; iCtrlID++) { hCtrl = GetDlgItem (hDlg, iCtrlID) ; PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure) ; PaintTheBlock (hwndParent, iColor, iFigure) ; SetScrollRange (hCtrl, SB_CTL, 0, 255, FALSE) ; SetScrollPos(hCtrl, SB_CTL, 0, FALSE) ; } return TRUE ; case WM_COMMAND: { switch( LOWORD(wParam)) { case IDC_RECT: case IDC_ELLIPSE: iFigure = LOWORD(wParam);

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hwndParent = GetParent(hDlg); CheckRadioButton(hDlg, IDC_RECT, IDC_ELLIPSE, LOWORD (wParam)) ; PaintTheBlock(hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure) ; PaintTheBlock (hwndParent, iColor, iFigure) ; return TRUE ; } break; } case WM_VSCROLL : hCtrl = (HWND) lParam ; iCtrlID = GetWindowLong (hCtrl, GWL_ID) ; iIndex = iCtrlID - 10 ; hwndParent = GetParent (hDlg) ; PaintTheBlock (hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure); PaintTheBlock (hwndParent, iColor, iFigure) ; switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case SB_PAGEDOWN : iColor[iIndex] += 15 ; case SB_LINEDOWN : iColor[iIndex] = min (255, iColor[iIndex] + 1) ; break; case SB_PAGEUP : iColor[iIndex] -= 15 ; case SB_LINEUP : iColor[iIndex] = max (0, iColor[iIndex] - 1); break; case SB_TOP : iColor[iIndex] = 0 ; break; case SB_BOTTOM : iColor[iIndex] = 255 ; break; case SB_THUMBPOSITION : case SB_THUMBTRACK : iColor[iIndex] = HIWORD (wParam) ;

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break; default : return FALSE ; } SetScrollPos(hCtrl, SB_CTL, iColor[iIndex], TRUE) ; SetDlgItemInt (hDlg, iCtrlID + 3, iColor[iIndex], FALSE) ; InvalidateRect(hwndParent,NULL,TRUE); DeleteObject ( (HGDIOBJ)SetClassLong( hwndParent, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG) CreateSolidBrush( RGB(iColor[0], iColor[1], iColor[2]) ) ) ) ; return TRUE ; case WM_PAINT: PaintTheBlock(hCtrlBlock, iColor, iFigure) ; break; } return FALSE ;
2. Menu
a) To Menu MENUDEMO MENU DISCARDABLE BEGIN POPUP "&File" BEGIN MENUITEM "&New", IDM_FILE_NEW MENUITEM "&Open", IDM_FILE_OPEN MENUITEM "&Save", IDM_FILE_SAVE MENUITEM "Save &As...", IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS MENUITEM SEPARATOR MENUITEM "E&xit", IDM_APP_EXIT END POPUP "&Edit" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Undo", IDM_EDIT_UNDO MENUITEM SEPARATOR MENUITEM "C&ut", IDM_EDIT_CUT MENUITEM "&Copy", IDM_EDIT_COPY MENUITEM "&Paste", IDM_EDIT_PASTE MENUITEM "De&lete", IDM_EDIT_CLEAR END POPUP "&Background" BEGIN

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MENUITEM "&White", IDM_BKGND_WHITE, CHECKED MENUITEM "&Light Gray", IDM_BKGND_LTGRAY MENUITEM "&Gray", IDM_BKGND_GRAY MENUITEM "&Dark Gray", IDM_BKGND_DKGRAY MENUITEM "&Black", IDM_BKGND_BLACK END POPUP "&Help" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Help...", IDM_APP_HELP MENUITEM "&About ...", IDM_APP_ABOUT END END b) Thit lp Menu wndclass.lpszMenuName = "MENU1"; hoc: hMenu = LoadMenu ( hInstance, TEXT("MENU1") ); hwnd = CreateWindow ( TEXT("MyClass"), TEXT("Window Caption"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, hInstance, NULL ); SetMenu(hWnd, hMenu); LOWORD(WPARAM) cha ID cc iu khin. c)
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V d LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); /* Khai bo tn dng chung cho ccti nguyn trong chng trnh.*/ TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("MenuDemo") ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASS wndclass; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

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wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows "), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT("Menu Demonstration"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { /* Khao bo danh sch cc mu chi t, cc hng ny c nh ngha trong file WINGDI.H */ static int idColor[5] = { WHITE_BRUSH, LTGRAY_BRUSH, GRAY_BRUSH, DKGRAY_BRUSH, BLACK_BRUSH } ; static int iSelection = IDM_BKGND_WHITE ; HMENU hMenu ; switch (message) { case WM_COMMAND: hMenu = GetMenu (hwnd) ; // Ly nh danh ca menu switch (LOWORD (wParam)) //Kim tra nh danh mc chn { case IDM_FILE_NEW: case IDM_FILE_OPEN: case IDM_FILE_SAVE: case IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS: MessageBeep(0) ; //Pht ra ting ku bp return 0 ;

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case IDM_APP_EXIT: /*Gi thng ip ng ng dng li*/ SendMessage (hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_EDIT_UNDO: case IDM_EDIT_CUT: case IDM_EDIT_COPY: case IDM_EDIT_PASTE: case IDM_EDIT_CLEAR: MessageBeep (0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_BKGND_WHITE: case IDM_BKGND_LTGRAY: case IDM_BKGND_GRAY: case IDM_BKGND_DKGRAY: case IDM_BKGND_BLACK: /* B check ca mc chn trc */ CheckMenuItem(hMenu,iSelection, MF_UNCHECKED); iSelection = LOWORD (wParam) ; /*Ly ID mc mi*/ /* Check mc chn mi*/ CheckMenuItem (hMenu, iSelection, MF_CHECKED) ; /* Thit lp mu tng ng vi mc chn mi*/ SetClassLong(hwnd,GCL_HBRBACKGRO UND, (LONG) GetStockObject(idColor[iSelectionIDM_BKGND_WHITE])); InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; case IDM_APP_HELP: MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("Help not yet implemented!"), szAppName, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK) ; return 0 ; case IDM_APP_ABOUT: MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Menu Demonstration Program\n (c) Charles Petzold, 1998"), szAppName, MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK) ; return 0 ; } break; case WM_DESTROY:

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PostQuitMessage(0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }

Bi 5: X L VN BN
1. Hin th vn bn
hin th ni dung vn bn trn cc thit b xut, da vo tng trng hp th hin khc nhau, ta dng cc hm Win32 API khc nhau. Cc hm ny ph thuc vo font ch, thuc tnh ca thit b ng cnh DC (Device Context ) v khong cch k t th hin. Hm ph bin nht thc hin thao tc xut mt chui k t vn bn, s dng font ch, mu ch v mu nn hin hnh l : BOOL TextOut(HDC hdc, int nXStart, int nYStart, LPCTSTR lpString,int cbString); tr v gi tr khc khng nu thnh cng, ngc li tr v 0. LONG TabbedTextOut(HDC hDC, int nX, int nY, LPCTSTR lpString, int nCount, int nNumTabs, LPINT lpnTabStopPositions, int nTabOrigin); Nu trong chui k t c cc k t tab (\t hoc 0x09), hm TabbedTextOut s chuyn cc k t tab vo dy cc v tr "dng" tng ng. S lng cc tab dng c xc nh bi nNumTabs, v lpnTabStopPositions l dy v tr cc tab dng theo n v tnh pixels. V d, nu rng trung bnh ca mi k t l 8 pixels, v mi tab dng cn t cch nhau 5 k t, dy cc tab dng s phi ln lt c gi tr 40, 80, 120, . Tuy nhin, cc gi tr ny khng nht thit phi l bi s ca nhau. Nu bin nNumTabs hoc lpnTabStopPositions c gi tr l 0 v NULL, cc tab dng c t cch nhau tng 8 k t. Nu nNumTabs bng 1, lpnTabStopPositions tr n gi tr xc nh mt dy tng tun hon l bi s ca dy ny. V d, nu nNumTabs bng 1, v

lpnTabStopPositions bng 30, ta s c dy tab dng ti v tr 30, 60, 90, pixels. Trng nTabOrigin xc nh ta theo trc x ca im bt u tnh khong cch ti cc tab. Gi tr ny khng nht thit phi l v tr u tin ca chui, c th chn trng hoc khng. Hm tr v kch thc chui hin th, theo n v logic, nu thnh cng. Ngc li, hm tr v 0. Trong , chiu cao chui l WORD cao ca bin kiu LONG, chiu rng l WORD thp. int DrawText(HDC hDC, LPCTSTR lpString, int nCount, LPRECT lpRect, UINT uFormat); Cng nh cc hm xut vn bn khc, hm DrawText xut chui xc nh bi con tr lpString c di nCount. Tuy nhin, vi chui c k t kt thc l NULL, nu nCount bng -1, hm s t ng tnh ton chiu di ca chui. Bin lpRect tr n cu trc RECT ca hnh ch nht (theo to logic) m trong vn bn th hin theo nh dng c thit lp trong uFormat. Nu uFormat bng 0, ni dung vn bn s c hin th theo tng dng t trn xung di. Mi dng mi c xc nh thng qua k t v u dng CR (carriage return, bng \r hoc 0x0D) hoc k t xung dng LF (linefeed, bng \n hoc 0x0A) c trong vn bn. Phn vn bn bn ngoi hnh ch nht lpRect s b ct b. Gi tr uFormat bng 0 cng chnh l gi tr c canh l tri (DT_LEFT). Ngoi ra, ta c th thit lp cc c canh l phi (DT_RIGHT), v canh l gia (DT_CENTER) cho vn bn. loi b chc nng iu khin ca cc k t CR v LF, cn thm vo c DT_SINGLELINE. Nu thit lp DT_SINGLELINE, ta cng c th ch nh v tr ca dng hin th pha trn (DT_TOP), pha di (DT_BOTTOM), hoc chnh gia (DT_VCENTER) trong vng hnh ch nht.

Trong trng hp hin th nhiu dng vn bn, Windows ch ngt dng khi gp k t CR v LF. ngt dng di hn kch thc hnh ch nht hin th, cn thit lp c DT_WORDBREAK. Nu khng mun Windows ct b cc phn d ra khi v ch vt qu phm vi khung ch nht, ta thm c DT_NOCLIP. Nu mun k t tab (\t hoc 0x09) c din dch thnh k t phn ct, cn thm c DT_EXPANDTABS. Gi tr mc nh ca tab l 8 khong trng. C DT_TABSTOP c dng t li gi tr tab. Trong trng hp ny, byte cao ca word thp (bits 15-8) ca uFormat s cha gi tr tab cn thay th.
2. nh dng vn bn
a) Hm thit lp mu ch v mu nn:
COLORREF SetTextColor (HDC hdc, COLORREF color); COLORREF SetBkColor (HDC hdc, COLORREF color); Tr v gi tr mu trc . Nu c li tr v CLR_INVALID. int SetBkMode (HDC hdc, int mode) ; Tr v ch nn trc . Tr v 0 nu gp li. mode = OPAQUE : Mi khi hin th vn bn th mu nn c thay i thnh mu nn hin hnh. Hoc TRANSPARENT: Mu nn khng b nh hng SetBkColor() b v hiu. b) Xc nh mu ch v mu nn hin hnh: COLORREF GetTextColor(HDC hDC); COLORREF GetBkColor(HDC hDC); c) Xc nh ch nn hin ti: int GetBkMode(HDC hDC); Hm tr v gi tr TRANSPARENT hoc OPAQUE, nu thnh cng. Ngc li, gi tr tr v l zero. d) xc lp v tr chui vn bn hin th da trn im gc nXStart, nYStart:

UINT SetTextAlign(HDC hDC, UINT fMode); fMode: TA_LEFT, TA_RIGHT, TA_CENTER, TA_TOP, TA_BOTTOM, TA_BASELINE, TA_UPDATE e) bit ch canh l vn bn hin ti, ta dng hm : UINT GetTextAlign(HDC hDC); Nu thnh cng, hm tr v c tng ng ca canh l vn bn hin hnh. Ngc li, gi tr tr v l GDI_ERROR. f) thay i khong cch gia cc k t: int SetTextCharacterExtra(HDC hDC, int nCharExtra); Nu thnh cng, hm tr v khong cch trc khi c thit lp. Ngc li, gi tr tr v l 0x80000000. g) bit khong cch hin ti, ta dng hm : int GetTextCharacterExtra(HDC hDC); Nu thnh cng, gi tr tr v cho bit khong cch hin ti. Ngc li, gi tr tr v l 0x80000000.
3. S dng font
Lp ch s font ch. Np font ch. Gn ch s font ch cho ng cnh thit b.
i vi Font ch mc nh (h thng):S dng cc font ch Windows ang s dng. MACRO ANSI_FIXED_FONT FONT Font vi kch thc c nh ca k t da trn Windows. Font Courier l mt v d in hnh ca dng font ny. Font vi rng k t thay i da trn cc k t chun ca Windows. Font MS San Serif l mt v d in hnh.
ANSI_VAR_FONT
DEVICE_DEFAULT_FONT Font vi thit b cho c chn mc nhin. Dng font ny thng co sn trong h thng iu khin vic trnh by trn thit

b. Tuy nhin, i vi mt s thit b, font c ci t ngay trn thit b. V d, i vi my in, cc font thit b ci sn thc hin thao tc in nhanh hn so vi vic load bitmap nh v t my tnh. DEFAULT_GUI_FONT OEM_FIXED_FONT Font ca giao din ha c thit lp mc nh. Font ch c nh, da trn b k t OEM. V d, i vi my IBM, font OEM da trn b k t IBM PC. Font h thng ca Windows. c h iu hnh dng trnh by cc thnh phn giao din nh thanh tiu , menu, ni dung vn bn trong cc hp thoi thng ip. Cc font h thng ny lun c sn khi ci h iu hnh, trong khi cc font khc cn phi ci thm ty theo ng dng sau ny. Font Windows c s dng nh font h thng trong cc phin bn trc 3.0. Nu thnh cng, tr
SYSTEM_FONT
SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT
Macro cc font nh ngha sn. Np: HGDIOBJ GetStockObject(int fnObject)
v handle font ch. Ngc li, gi tr tr v l NULL. Trong , kiu HGDIOBJ l HFONT, bin fnObject l mt trong cc macro bng trn. Gn ch s cho DC: HGDIOBJ SelectObject(HDC hDC, HGDIOBJ hGDIObj) GDI_ERROR Hoc gn hn, ta c th gi : SelectObject(hDC.GetStockObject(fnObject)); DeleteObject (i tng): hy. V d: HFONT hfnt, hOldFont; hfnt = GetStockObject(ANSI_VAR_FONT); if (hOldFont = SelectObject(hdc, hfnt)) {
Tr v handle font ch va s dng trc, li tr v

TextOut(hdc, 10, 50, "Sample ANSI_VAR_FONT text.", 26); SelectObject(hdc, hOldFont); } Xc nh kch thc font BOOL GetTextMetrics(HDC hdc, LPTEXTMETRIC lptm); typedef struct tagTEXTMETRIC // tm { LONG tmHeight; LONG tmAscent; LONG tmDescent; LONG tmInternalLeading; LONG tmExternalLeading; LONG tmAveCharWidth; LONG tmMaxCharWidth; LONG tmWeight; LONG tmOverhang; LONG tmDigitizedAspectX; LONG tmDigitizedAspectY; BCHAR tmFirstChar; BCHAR tmLastChar; BCHAR tmDefaultChar; BCHAR tmBreakChar; BYTE tmItalic; BYTE tmUnderlined; BYTE tmStruckOut; BYTE tmPitchAndFamily; BYTE tmCharSet; } TEXTMETRIC; Cu trc TEXTMETRIC gm 20 thnh phn, mt s thnh phn quan trng gm: tmHeight: Chiu cao k t tnh bng pixel. tmInternalLeading: Vng cha du trng m. tmExternalLeading: Khng gian gia 2 dng. tmAveCharWidth: B rng trung bnh mi k t. tmPitchAndFamily: H ca font (8 bit). V d: static int cxchar, cychar;

TEXTMETRIC tm; case WM_CREATE: { hdc = GetDC(hwnd); GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm); cxchar=tm.tmInternalLeading+tm.tmExternal; cychar=tm.tmAveCharWidth; ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc); return 0; } case WM_PAINT: { for(int i=0; i<10; i++) TextOut(hdc, cxchar, cychar*i, aaa, 3); } Tnh di ca xu k t Cc k t hin th c b rng khc nhau do vy khng nn dng hm strlen() ly s k t di. Dng hm: BOOL GetTextExtentPoint32 (HDC hdc, LPCSTR lpszString, int len, LPSIZE lpSize); typedef struct tagSIZE { long cx; long cy; //Tnh theo n v logic } SIZE; len: Tng s k t. To lp c tnh mi cho font ch HFONT CreateFont (int Height, int Width, int Escapement, int Orientation, int fnWeight, DWORD Italic, DWORD Underline, DWORD StrikeOut, DWORD CharSet, DWORD outputPrecision, DWORD ClipPrecision, DWORD Quality, DWORD PitchAndFamily, LPCSTR lpszFontName) Vi:

PitchAndFamily: DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE charSet: ANSI_CHARSET outputPrecision: OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS clipPrecision: CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS Quality: DEFAULT_QUALITY fnWeight: 0 Tn FW_DONTCARE FW_THIN FW_EXTRALIGHT FW_ULTRALIGHT FW_LIGHT FW_NORMAL FW_REGULAR FW_MEDIUM 1000 (thng thng l 400) Gi tr 0 100 200 200 300 400 400 500 Macro xc nh m nht lfWeight Tn FW_SEMIBOLD FW_DEMIBOLD FW_BOLD FW_EXTRABOLD FW_ULTRABOLD FW_HEAVY FW_BLACK Gi tr 600 600 700 800 800 900 900
Ti liu tham kho

[1] [2] [3] NG VN C: Lp trnh C trn Windows. Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc K Thut 1998. NGUYN NH QUYN MAI XUN HNG: Gio trnh lp trnh C trn Windows. Nh Xut Bn i Hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh 2003. MSDN 10/2001

Giao Trinh Lap Trinh C For Winform - Smith.N Studio

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Bi 1: GII THIU CHUNG .................................................................. 2

Bi 3: CC THIT B NHP LIU ...................................................... 31

Bi 4: HP THOI V IU KHIN ................................................... 45 Bi 5: X L VN BN ...................................................................... 62

Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................... 69

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Bi 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win ...............................................................................................Trang 2/69

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Cc th vin lp trnh ca Windows SDK Software Development Kit

started/Content of Platform SDK).

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Lp trnh s kin (Even driven programming)

USER.EXE Mouse Driver

Pht sinh cc s kin v thng ip

Virtual Key & Scan code GetMessage() TranslateMessage() DispatchMessage()

Qui trnh x l thng ip

Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win ...............................................................................................Trang 5/69

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MSG msg; while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } return msg.wParam;

Cc thnh phn giao din ha (GUI)

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Minimized, Restored, Maximized button menu bar

tool bar scroll bar

status bar Resized border

Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win ...............................................................................................Trang 9/69

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Cu trc chng trnh C for Win

Linker Library file (*.LIB)

Qui trnh hot ng ca chng trnh ng dng

Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win .............................................................................................Trang 10/69

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Lap trinh C for Win

#include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK XulyMessage (HWND,UNIT,WPARAM,LPARAM); char szAppName [ ] = Vidu;

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Bi ging: Lp trnh C for Win .............................................................................................Trang 13/69

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ComboBox The class for a combo box

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