CHAPTER 13

PROBLEM 13.1
A 454 kg satellite is placed in a circular orbit 4807 km above the surface of the earth. At this elevation the acceleration of gravity is 2.45 m/s 2. Knowing that its orbital speed is 22432 km/h, determine the kinetic energy of the satellite.

SOLUTION
Given: Weight of satellite, Speed of satellite, Find: Kinetic energy, T v = 6231.1 m/s 3.7 (4453. ) W = 4453.7 N v = 22432 103 m/h = 6231.1 m/s

Mass of satellite =

(9.81 m/s )
2

= 454 kg

T =

2 1 1 mv 2 = ( 454 ) ( 6231.1 ) = 8.8 MN.m 2 2

Note: Acceleration of gravity has no effect on the mass of the satellite. T = 8.8 MN.m

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PROBLEM 13.2
A 500-kg communications satellite is in a circular geosynchronous orbit and completes one revolution about the earth in 23 h and 56 min at an altitude of 35 800 km above the surface of the earth. Knowing that the radius of the earth is 6370 km, determine the kinetic energy of the satellite.

SOLUTION
Circumference v = Time

v=

( 2 )(6370 km + 35,800 km )(1000 m/km ) = 3075.2 m/s ( 23 hr )(3600 s/hr ) + (56 min )(60 s/hr )

v = 3075.2 m/s Kinetic energy, T = 1 1 2 mv 2 = (500 kg )(3075.2 m/s) 2 2 T = 2.36 GJ

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PROBLEM 13.3
A 2-kg stone is dropped from a height h and strikes the ground with a velocity of 24 m/s. (a) Find the kinetic energy of the stone as it strikes the ground and the height h from which it was dropped. (b) Solve part a, assuming that the same stone is dropped on the moon. (Acceleration of gravity on the moon = 1.62 m/s 2. )

SOLUTION
Given: Mass of stone: stone, Velocity of stone: stone, Acceleration of gravity on the moon: moon, Find: (a) Kinetic energy, T. T Height h, from which the stone was dropped: dropped (b) T and h on the Moon: Moon (a) On the Earth earth: T = 1 2 1 2 mv = ( 2 kg )( 24 m/s ) = 576 N m 2 2 T = 576 J m = 2 kg v = 24 m/s g m = 1.62 m/s 2

W = mg = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N T1 = U1 2 = T2 , Wh = T2 h= T1 = 0, 0 U1 2 = Wh, Wh T2 = 576 J

(576 N m ) = 29.36 m T2 = W (19.62 N )

h = 29.4 m

(b) On the Moon On the moon: Mass is unchanged. Thus T is unchanged. Thus,T is unchanged. Weight on the moon is, Wm = mg m = ( 2 kg ) 1.62 m/s 2 Wm = 3.24 N hm = m = 2 kg T = 576 J

(576 N m ) = 177.8 m T = Wm 3.24 N

hm = 177.8 m

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PROBLEM 13.4
A golfer hits a 48 gm ball with an initial velocity of 49 m/s at an angle of 25 with the horizontal. Determine (a) the initial kinetic energy of the ball, (b) the kinetic energy of the ball when it reaches its maximum height.

SOLUTION
49 m/s
m = 48 gm = 0.048 kg 1 1 m v = (0.048) (49 m/s) 2 2 2

(a) T =

T ==57.6 N . m T 57.6 N.m

At maximum height, v = vx = ( 49 m/s) cos 25 = 44.4 m/s (b) T = 1 m (4 4 . 4 )2 2

T = 47.3 N . m T = 47.3 N.m

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PROBLEM 13.5
Packages are thrown down an incline at A with a velocity of 1.2 m/s. The packages slide along the surface ABC to a conveyor belt which moves with a velocity of 2.4 m/s. Knowing that k = 0.25 between the packages and the surface ABC, determine the distance d if the packages are to arrive at C with a velocity of 2.4 m/s.

SOLUTION
Use work and energy with position 1 at A and position 2 at C. At 1

Fy = 0

N1 mg cos 30= 0
N1 = mg cos 30

At 2

Fy = 0

N 2 mg = 0
N 2 = mg

Work and energy T1 + V12 = T2 Where where T1 + 1 1 2 m v1 = m ( 1.2 m/s )2 = .72 m 2 2 (1)

V12 = k N1 d k N 2 ( 6 ) + mg (d sin 30) T2 = Into (1) .72 m k mgd cos 30 k mg ( 6 ) + mgd sin 30= 2.88 m Solve for d = 2.88 .72 + k g 6 2.88 .72 + (0.25) (9.81) ( 6 ) = 6.06 m = k g cos 30+ g sin 30 ( 0.25) (9.81) (0.866 + 9.81 (0.5)) 1 2 1 mv2 = m ( 2.4 ) 2 = 2.88 m 2 2

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PROBLEM 13.6
22.7-kg A 22.7 kg package is projected up a 20 incline with an initial velocity of 12.2 m/s Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the incline is 0.15, determine (a) the maximum distance x that the package will move up the incline, (b) the velocity of the package as it returns to its original position, (c) the total amount of energy dissipated due to friction.

SOLUTION
(a) Use work and energy from A to B. T1 = T1 + V12 = T2

1 1 2 mv1 = (22.7 kg) ( 12.2 m/s ) 2 = 1689.3 N . m N.m 2 2 (Stops at top)

T2 = 0

U12 = Nx mg x sin 20 N is needed. needed

Fy = 0
So

N = W cos 20= (222.6 N ) cos 20= 209.2 N

U12 = 0.15( 209.2 ) x 222.6 sin 20 x

= 107.57 x

Substitute 1689.3 107.57 x = 0 x = 15.7 m (b) Package returns to A use work and energy from B to A. A T2 + U 2 3 = T3 x = 15.7 m

where Where

T2 = 0 (At B) U 2 3 = W sin 20 x k Nx

= ( 222.6 ) sin 20 (15.7 ) 0.15 ( 209.2 ) (15.7) = 702.575 N . m N.m

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PROBLEM 13.6 CONTINUED

T3 = Substitute
2 0 + 702.575 = 11.35 v 3

1 1 2 2 2 mv3 = 22.7 v3 = 11.35 v3 2 2

v3 = 7.86 m/s (c) Energy dissipated is equal to change of kinetic energy. energy T1 T3 = 1 1 2 2 m v1 m v2 2 2 1 2 22.7 (12.22 7.86 ) 2

v3 = 7.86 m/s

20

= 986.769 N . m N.m
Energy dissipated = 987 N . m Energy dissipated = 987 N.m

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PROBLEM 13.7
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o incline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The brakes are then applied, causing the automobile to come to a stop at point C, 20 m from B. Knowing that slipping is impending during the braking period and neglecting air resistance and rolling resistance, determine (a) the speed of the automobile at point B, (b) the coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road.

SOLUTION
Given: Automobile Weight W = mg = (2000 kg) (9.81) W = 19,620 N Initial Velocity A, Incline Angle, v A = 0 m/s

= 6

Vehicle brakes at impending slip for 20 m from B to C vC = 0 Find; speed of automobile at point B, vB Coefficient of static friction, (a) U A B = WhA B (19620 N) (150 m)sin 6
= 307.63 103 N m

U A B = TB TA = 307.63 103 N m =

1 2 mv 0 2

1 2 (2000 kg) vB 0 2 vB = 17.54 m/s

(b)

U A C = WhA C Fd B C = TC TA = 0 d B C = 20 m F =N Where = coefficient of static friction U AC = (19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) F (20 m) F = (19620 N) cos 6 (19620 N) (sin 6) (170 m) (19620 N) (cos 6) (20 m) = 0

170 tan 6= 0.893 20

= 0.893

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PROBLEM 13.8
A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on a 6o incline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to point B. The brakes are then fully applied, causing the automobile to skid to a stop at point C, 20 m from B. Knowing that the coefficient of dynamic friction between the tires and the road is 0.75, determine the work done on the automobile by the combined effects of air resistance and rolling resistance between points A and C.

SOLUTION
Given: Automobile weight, W = (2000) (9.81) = 19620 N Initial velocity at A, v A = 0 m/s Incline Angle, = 6

Vehicle coasts 150 m from A to B. Vehicle costs 150 m from A to B

Vehicle skids 20 m from B to C. C Dynamic friction coefficient, = 0.75

Find: Work done on automobile by air resistance and rolling resistance between points A and C. U AC = U R + WhAC F (20 m) = TC TA = 0 F = N = 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6 UR = Resistance work

= 0.75 (19620 N) cos 6 (20 m) (19620 N)sin 6 (170 m)

U R = 56.0 103 N m or 56.0 103 J

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PROBLEM 13.9 PROBLEM 13.9

A 40.8 kg package is at rest on an incline when a constant force P is applied A 40.8-kg package is at rest on an incline when a constant force P is applied to it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the to it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the incline is 0.35. Knowing that the speed of the package is after it has incline is 0.35. Knowing that the speed of the package is 0.6m/s after it has moved up the incline, determine the magnitude of the force P. moved .9 m up the incline, determine the magnitude of the force P.

SOLUTION

400

FN = N 400 cos 20 P sin 50 = 0

N = 400 cos 20 + P sin 50

U12 = [ P cos 50 400 sin 20 0.35 N](0.9 m) T2 = 1 40.8 kg (0.6 m/s)2 2

( P cos 50) .9 (400 sin 20 ) (.9 ) 0.35 (400 cos 20 + P sin 50).9 = T2 P (.9 cos 50 0.35(.9) sin 50) = 400 sin 20 (.9) + 0.35 (400 cos 20 )(.9 ) + P= 1 40.8 (. 6 )2 2 248.87 = 738 N .337218

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PROBLEM 13.10
A 1.36 kg model rocket is launched vertically from rest with a constant thrust of 24.5 N until the rocket reaches an altitude of 15.2 m and the thrust ends. Neglecting air resistance, determine (a) the speed of the rocket when the thrust ends, (b) the maximum height reached by the rocket, (c) the speed of the rocket when it returns to the ground.

SOLUTION
(a) First stage: N.m = T U 1 2 = ( 240.3 12.75 ) (15.2 ) = 3458.76 N . m= T2 2 T2 = 1 2 1.3 v2 2 v2 = 72.9 m/s (b) At the top: U 2 3 = 12.75 ( h 15.2) = 0 3458.76

h = 286.5 m
(c) At the return: U 3 4 = + 12.75 (286.5) = T4 = 1 2 (1.3)v4 2

h = 286.5 m

v4 = 75 m/s

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PROBLEM 13.11
The 7-kg block A is released from rest in the position shown. Neglecting the effect of friction and the masses of the pulleys, determine the velocity of the block after it has moved 0.6 m up the incline.

SOLUTION

Given: Block A is released from rest and moves up incline 0.6 m. Friction and other masses are neglected Find: Velocity of the block after 0.6 m, v From the Law of Cosines d 2 = (1.2)2 + (0.6) 2 2(1.2) (0.6) cos 15 d 2 = 0.4091 m 2 d = 0.63958 m U C = WC (Distance pulley C lowered) WA = 7(9.81) = 68.67 N

1 = 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m 2

U A = 68.67 N (sin15) (0.6 m) = 10.6639 N m U = T2 T1 = U C U A 1 mA v 2 0 = U C U A 2 1 (7 kg) v 2 = (39.229 10.6639) N m 2 v 2 = 8.1615 v = 2.857 m/s v = 2.86 m/s 15

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PROBLEM 13.12
The 7-kg block A is released in the position shown with a velocity of 1.5 m/s up the incline. Knowing that the velocity of the block is 3 m/s after it has moved 0.6 m up the incline, determine the work done by the friction force exerted on the block. Neglect the masses of the pulleys.

SOLUTION
Given: Block A is released at the position shown at a velocity of 1.5 m/s up. After moving 0.6 m the velocity is 3 m/s. Find: work done by friction force on the block, Vf J From the Law of Cosines d 2 = (1.2)2 + (0.6)2 2(1.2) (0.6) (cos 15) d 2 = 0.4091m 2 d = 0.63958 m WA = 7(9.81) = 68.67 N

1 UC = 140 N (1.2 0.63958) m = 39.229 N m 2

U A = 68.67 N (sin15) (0.6 m) = 10.664 N m U C + U A U friction = T2 T1 = 1 2 2 mA [v2 v1 ] 2 1 (7 kg)[(3)2 (1.5) 2 ] m 2 2

39.229 10.664 U friction =

U friction = 39.229 + 10.664 + 23.625 = 4.94 J

U friction = 4.94 J

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 409

PROBLEM 13.13
Boxes are transported by a conveyor belt with a velocity v 0 to a fixed incline at A where they slide and eventually fall off at B. Knowing that k = 0.40, determine the velocity of the conveyor belt if the boxes leave the incline at B with a velocity of 2 m/s.

SOLUTION
Given: At A, For AB, At B, Find: v0 TA = 1 2 mv0 2 TB = 1 2 1 2 mvB = m ( 2 m/s ) 2 2 v = v0

k = 0.40
v = 2 m/s

TB = 2 m U A B = (W sin15 k N )(6 m )

F = 0

N Wcos15 = 0

N = W cos15 U A B = W (sin15 0.40cos15)( 6 m ) U A B = (0.76531)W = 0.76531 mg TA + U A B = TB 1 2 mv0 0.76531 mg = 2 m 2

2 v0 = ( 2) 2 + (0.76531) 9.81 m/s 2 2 v0 = 19.0154

))
v0 = 4.36 m/s

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 410

PROBLEM 13.14
Boxes are transported by a conveyor belt with a velocity v 0 to a fixed incline at A where they slide and eventually fall off at B. Knowing that k = 0.40, determine the velocity of the conveyor belt if the boxes are to have a zero velocity at B.

SOLUTION
Given: At A, At B, For AB, Find: v0 TA = 1 2 mv0 2 TB = 0 v = v0 v=0

k = 0.40

U A B = (Wsin15 k N )(6 m )

F = 0

N W cos15 = 0 N = W cos15

U A B = W (sin15 0.40cos15)( 6 m ) U A B = (0.76531)W = 0.76531 mg TA + U A B = TB 1 2 mv0 0.76531 mg = 0 2

2 v0 = ( 2 )( 0.76531) 9.81 m/s 2
2 v0 = 15.015

)
v0 = 3.87 m/s Down to the left.

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PROBLEM 13.15
The subway train shown is traveling at a speed of 54 km/h when the brakes are fully applied on the wheels of cars B and C, causing them to slide on the track, but are not applied on the wheels of car A. Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.35 between the wheels and the track, determine (a) the distance required to bring the train to a stop, (b) the force in each coupling.

SOLUTION

Car C

Fy 0 NC M C g = 0 NC = (35 103 kg) (9.81 m/s 2 ) = 343.35 103 N

So, FC = (0.35) (343.35 103 ) = 120.173 103 N

Car B

Fy = 0 N B M B g = 0 N B = (45 103 kg) (9.81m/s 2 ) = 441.45 103 N

So, Also, v1 = (54 km/h) (1h/3600s) (1000 m/km) = 15 m/s FB = 0.35(441.45 103 ) = 154.508 103 N

(a) Work and energy for the train T1 + U12 = T2 1 (35 103 + 45 103 + 35 103 ) (15) 2 (120.173 103 + 154.508 103 ) x = 0 2 x = 47.10 m x = 47.1 m

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PROBLEM 13.15 CONTINUED

(b) Force in each coupling Car A T1 + U12 = T2 1 2 35 103 (15) FAB ( 47.10) = 0 2 FAB = 83.599 103 N FAB = 83.6 kN Tension

Car C T1 + U1x = T2 1 2 35 103 (15) + FBC 120.173 103 ( 47.10) = 0 2 Solve for FBC FBC = 36.6 103 N FBC = 36.6 kN Tension

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission. 413