Xac Dinh CTPT Hop Chat HC Educationpva - TK - Merged

Bi 1: Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit
A- L THUYT
I. KHI NIM V HP CHT HU C V HA HC HU C Cacbon l mt nguyn t ha hc rt c bit: cc nguyn t cacbon c th kt hp vi nhau v vi nhng nguyn t ca cc
nguyn t khc to nn hn 20 triu hp cht khc nhau. Trong

khi , cc nguyn t ha hc cn li trong h thng tun hon ch c th to nn chng hn mt triu hp cht khng cha cacbon.
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit 2
Cc hp cht ca cacbon (tr CO, cacbonic, mui cacbonat, cacbua kim loi, xianua, axit axanhiric, ) c gi l hp cht hu c.
Ngnh ha hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht hu c c

gi l ha hc hu c.
II. C IM CHUNG CA CC HP CHT HU C

1. Trong thnh phn cht hu c c th gp hu ht cc nguyn t ha hc, song s lng cc nguyn t thng xuyn to nn hp cht hu c th khng nhiu: nht thit phi c nguyn t C, thng c H, hay gp O, N, sau n halogen, S, P,
2. Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng

ha tr.
3. Cc hp cht hu c tng i d bay hi, km bn vi nhit v d chy. 4. Phn ln cc hp cht hu c khng tan hoc rt t tan trong nc, d tan trong cc dung mi hu c. 5. Cc phn ng ha hc ca hp cht hu c thng din ra chm v theo nhiu hng khc nhau to thnh hn hp cc sn phm.
III. CC LOI CNG THC CA HP CHT HU C 1. Cng thc tng qut cho bit thnh phn nh tnh ca cc nguyn t. Th d: Cht c cng thc tng qut C xHy O z (x, y, z l cc s nguyn dng cha bit), cng thc ny ch cho bit trong phn t c 3 nguyn t l C, H, O. 2. Cng thc thc nghim cho bit t l v s lng cc nguyn t trong phn t. Th d: (CH2O)n vi n l s nguyn dng cha c xc nh c th, n 1. Cng thc ny cho bit t l s nguyn t C : H : O = 1 : 2 : 1
3. Cng thc n gin nht c ngha tng t nh cng thc thc nghim.
Th d:
CH2O (trong cng thc n gin nht khng ghi bi s n)
4. Cng thc phn t cho bit r s lng nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong phn t
Th d: (CH2O)2 hay C2H4O2 c ngha l trong phn t c 2 nguyn t C, 4 nguyn t H

v 2 nguyn t O. xc nh c thnh phn nguyn t c trong 1 cht, ngi ta phi phn tch nguyn t
(nh tnh v nh lng). T thnh phn nguyn t c th lp cc cng thc nu trn.
IV. PHN TCH NH TNH NGUYN T

Mc ch: Xc nh loi nguyn t c trong hp cht hu c. Nguyn tc: Chuyn cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c thnh cc cht v c n gin ri nhn ra sn phm da vo nhng tnh cht c trng ca chng
1. Xc nh nguyn t cacbon v hiro
un nng hp cht hu c vi CuO (cht oxi ha) chuyn

cacbon thnh cacbonic, chuyn hiro thnh nc ri nhn ra cacbonic bng nc vi trong (to ra kt ta trng), nhn ra nc bng ng sunfat khan (mu trng chuyn thnh mu xanh ca CuSO4.5H2O )
Th d:
C6H12O6 Ca(OH)2 CuSO4
CuO,t o
CO2 H2O CaCO3 H2O CuSO 4 .5H2O

9
CO 2 5H2O
2. Xc nh nit
Khi un vi axit sunfuric c, nit c trong mt s hp cht hu c

c th chuyn thnh mui amoni v c nhn ra di dng amoniac:
CxHyOzNt (NH4 )2 SO4
H2SO4d,to
(NH4 )2 SO4 ...

to
2NaOH
Na2SO4
2NH3
2H2O
10
3. Xc nh halogen
Khi t mnh giy lc tm ru etylic v hp cht hu c cha

halogen (tr F) s sinh ra hiro halogenua, ta c th nhn ra bng bc nitrat (to kt ta AgHal c mu c trng)
C xHyOzClt HCl AgNO3
CO 2 H2O HCl AgCl HNO3
11
V. PHN TCH NH LNG

Mc ch: Xc nh thnh phn % v khi lng ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c . Nguyn tc: Chuyn hon ton cc nguyn t trong mt lng cn nht nh ca hp cht hu c thnh cc cht v c n
gin. Xc nh khi lng hoc th tch cc sn phm , ri

tnh thnh phn % cc nguyn t.
12
1. nh lng cacbon, hiro
Oxi ha mt lng chnh xc a gam hp cht hu c A. Kh

cacbonic v hi nc sinh ra c hp th hon ton v ring r bi nhng cht hp th thch hp c cn trc v sau th nghim. Th d: hp th nc bng bng dung dch NaOH,
H2SO4
c, hp th cacbonic
13
Gi s trong th nghim sinh ra m gam cacbonic v m gam nc, ta tnh c:

mC mH 12m 44 2m' 18 %C %H mC 12m .100% .100% a 44a mH 2m' .100% .100% a 18a
14
2. nh lng nit
Nung nng mt lng cn chnh xc a gam hp cht hu c vi CuO trong dng kh cacbonic chuyn ht lng nit trong hp cht thnh kh
CuO,CO2 ,t o
N2
CxHyOzNt
CO2 H2O N2
Hp th cacbonic v nc bng dung dch KOH 40%, o c th

tch kh cn li.
15
Gi s xc nh c V (lt) kh nit (ktc) th khi lng nit v

hm lng phn trm ca nit c tnh nh sau:
28V (g) 22, 4 mN .100% a 28V .100% 22, 4a
mN
%N
16
3. nh lng cc nguyn t khc - Halogen: Phn hy hp cht hu c bng oxi hoc HNO3 bc khi chuyn halogen thnh HX ri nh lng di dng AgX (X l Cl, Br)
- Lu hunh: Phn hy hp cht hu c ri nh lng lu hunh

di dng sunfat
17
- Oxi: Thng thng, hm lng oxi trong 1 hp cht hu c c xc nh mt cch gin tip bng cch ly 100% tr i tng s ca cc nguyn t khc c trong hp cht.
18
VI. CCH THIT LP CNG THC PHN T HCHC
Gi s hp cht c C, H, O
1. Da vo cng thc n gin nht a, Cc d kin cn c: - Thnh phn % v khi lng ca tng nguyn t, hoc khi lng tng nguyn t trong a gam hp cht, hoc s mol tng nguyn t. - Khi lng phn t
19
b, Cch thit lp CTPT: - Nu bit thnh phn % v khi lng ca tng nguyn t: T l v s nguyn t trong phn t:
C:H: O
%C %H %O : : 12 1 16
a:b:c
Vi a, b, c l cc s nguyn dng, khng c c chung khc 1.
20
Cng thc n gin nht l Cng thc thc nghim l
CaHbOc
(CaHbOc )n
Da vo khi lng phn t tm ra n cng thc phn t
21
- Nu bit khi lng tng nguyn t trong hp cht (bit c

thng qua sn phm ca phn ng oxi ha)
T l v s nguyn t trong phn t:

mC mH mO : : 12 1 16
C:H: O
a:b:c
Tm c cng thc n gin nht, bit khi lng phn t ta s tm c cng thc phn t.
22
- Nu bit s mol tng nguyn t. T l v s nguyn t trong phn t:

C:H: O nH nC : nH : nO nCO2 a:b:c
2nH2O ,nC
Tm c cng thc n gin nht, ta lm tng t nh trn.
23
2. Da trc tip vo khi lng sn phm t chy, khng qua cng
thc n gin nht

a, Cc d kin cn c: - Khi lng hp cht hu c em t chy - Khi lng phn t hp cht hu c - Khi lng sn phm ca phn ng chy
24
b, Cch thit lp CTPT

t cng thc ca hp cht l S t chy:
CxHyOz xCO2
C xH y O z
Theo phng trnh:

a M x mCO2 44 x 44a
y H2O 2
mH2O 9y ;y M.mH2O 9a
M.mCO2
Da vo M v x, y tm c suy ra z.
25
3. Da vo thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t, khng

qua cng thc n gin nht a, Cc d kin cn c:
- Thnh phn % v khi lng ca tng nguyn t

- Khi lng phn t
26
b, Cch thit lp CTPT

V thnh phn % cc nguyn t t l vi khi lng mi nguyn t trong phn t, nn ta c:
12 x %C x y %H 16z %O 12 x y 16z 100 M 100
M.%C ;y 12.100
M.%H ;z 100
M.%O 16.100
27
B BI TP 1. t chy ht 0,9 gam mt hp cht hu c A thu c 1,32 gam cacbonic v 0,54 gam nc. KLPT ca A l 180. Tm CTPT ca A. Nhn xt: t chy hp cht hu c A sinh ra cacbonic v nc nn trong A phi c 2 nguyn t C, H v c th c O Gi CTPT ca A l C xHy O z .
mA MA 0, 9 0, 005 mol 180
nA
28
S phn ng t chy:
CxHyOz
y H2O 2 0, 005y 0, 005 0, 005x (mol) 2 1, 32 0, 005x 0, 03 x 6 44 0, 005y 0, 54 y 12 0, 03 2 18 xCO2
M M = 12x + y + 16z = 180 z = 6 Vy CTPT ca A l

C6H12O6
29
2. X l hp cht cha 24,24%C; 4,04%H, 71,72%Cl v khi lng. t chy 0,12 gam Y thu c 0,072 gam nc v 0,176 gam cacbonic. a, Tm cng thc n gin nht ca X v Y.
b, Bit KLPT ca X v Y ln lt l 99 v 60. Tm CTPT ca X v

Y.
30
Gii a, T l s nguyn t trong X l:
C : H : Cl
%C %H %Cl : : 12 1 35, 5 24, 24 4, 04 71, 72 : : 12 1 35, 5 2, 02 : 4, 04 : 2, 02 1 : 2 : 1
Cng thc n gin nht ca X l
CH2Cl
31
i vi cht Y:
mC mH mO
12mCO2
12.0,176 0, 048g 44 44 2mH2O 2.0, 072 0, 008g 18 18 mY mC mH 0,12 0, 048 0, 008
0, 064g
32
T l s nguyn t trong Y l:
mC mH mO : : 12 1 16 0, 048 0, 008 0, 064 : : 12 1 16 0, 004 : 0, 008 : 0, 004 1 : 2 : 1
C:H:O
Cng thc n gin nht ca Y l
CH2O
33
b, Gi cng thc thc nghim ca X v Y ln lt l
(CH2Cl)n;(CH2O)m
MX MY
99 60
(12 2 35, 5)n 99 (12 2 16)m 60
n m
2 2
Vy CTPT ca X v Y ln lt l
Hoc C2H4Cl2;C2H4O2
(CH2Cl)2 ;(CH2O)2
34
3. t chy ht 10,4 gam hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm chy ln lt qua

bnh 1 ng axit sunfuric c, bnh 2 ng nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 3,6 gam bnh 2 thu c 30 gam kt ta. Ha hi 5,2 gam A thu c th tch bng th tch ca 1,6 gam oxi cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
35
Gii
5,2 gam A tng ng vi s mol ca 1,6 gam oxi KLPT ca A l:
MA mA nA 5, 2 1, 6 / 32 104
S mol ca A tng ng vi 10,4 gam l 0,1 mol Khi lng bnh 1 tng chnh l khi lng ca nc
nH2O nCO2
3, 6 18
0, 2mol 30 100 0, 3mol
nCaCO3
36
t chy A sinh ra cacbonic v nc nn trong A phi c C, H, c th c O

Gi CTPT ca A l
C x Hy O z
CxHyOz 0,1
xCO 2 0,1x
y H2O 2 0,1y (mol) 2 x y 3 4
0,1x 0, 3 0,1y 2 0, 2
z = (104 12 . 3 4)/16 = 4 Vy CTPT ca A l

C3H4O4
37
4. (2009A): Mt hp cht X cha ba nguyn t C, H, O c t l khi lng mC : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 4. Hp cht X c cng thc n gin nht trng vi cng thc phn t. S ng phn cu to thuc loi hp cht thm ng vi cng thc phn t ca X l A. 4. B. 3. C. 6. D. 5. 5. Mt cht hu c A c 51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O v khi lng. T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh l 4,034. a. Xc nh cng thc GN ca A.
b. Xc nh CTPT ca A.
38
6. Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na2CO3 v 0,672 lt kh CO2. Cng thc GN ca X l A. CO2Na. B. CO2Na2. C. C3O2Na. D. C2O2Na. 7. t chy hon ton 1,88 gam cht hu c A cha C, H, O cn 1,904 lt O2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch 4 : 3. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, bit t khi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7. A. C8H12O5 B. C4H6O2 C. C8H12O3 D. C6H12O6
8. t chy hon ton 1 lt kh X cn 6 lt oxi thu c 4 lt CO2 v 5 lt hi nc (cc kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C4H10. B. C4H10O. C. C4H10O2. D. C4H10O3.
39
Kha hc LTH mn Ha C Son
Xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht hu c
XC NH CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C BI TP T LUYN

Cu 1. Chn khi nim ng nht v ho hc Hu c. Ho hc Hu c l ngnh khoa hc nghin cu A. cc hp cht ca cacbon. B. cc hp cht ca cacbon, tr CO, CO2. C. cc hp cht ca cacbon, tr CO, CO2, mui cacbonat, ccxianua... D. cc hp cht ch c trong c th sng. Cu 2. Cho hn hp hai cht l etanol (ts = 78,3oC) v axit axetic (ts = 118oC). tch ring tng cht, ngi ta s dng phng php no sau y? A. Chit. B. Chng ct thng. C. Lc v kt tinh li. D. Chng ct p sut thp. Cu 3. Hn hp X gm mt hirocacbon trong iu kin thng th kh v hiro. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 6,7. Cho hn hp i qua Ni nung nng, sau khi hirocacbon phn ng ht thu c hn hp Y c t khi vi hiro bng 16,75. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon l A. C3H4. B. C3H6. C. C4H8. D. C4H6. Cu4. Theo thuyt cu to ha hc trong hp cht hu c, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau theo A. ng s oxi ho v theo mt th t nht nh. B. ng ho tr v theo mt th t nht nh. C. ng s oxi ho v khng cn theo mt th t nht nh no. D. ng ho tr v khng cn theo mt th t nht nh no. Cu 5. Mt hp cht hu c Z c % khi lng ca C, H, Cl ln lt l 14,28%; 1,19% v 84,53%. Cng thc phn t ca Z l A. CHCl2. B. C2H2Cl4. C. C2H4Cl2. D. C3H3Cl6. Cu 6. Nguyn tc chung ca php phn tch nh tnh cc hp cht hu c l A. chuyn ho cc nguyn t C, H, N thnh cc cht v c n gin, d nhn bit. B. t chy cht hu c tm cacbon di dng mui en. C. t chy cht hu c tm nit do c mi kht tc chy. D. t chy cht hu c tm hiro di dng hi nc. Cu 7. Cho cc cht: CaC2, CO2, HCHO, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, NaCN, CaCO3. S cht hu c trong s cc cht cho l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. Cu 8. Thnh phn cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c l A. bao gm tt c cc nguyn t trong bng h thng tun hon. B. gm c C,H v cc nguyn t khc. C. nht thit phi c C, thng c H, hay gp O, N, S, P, halogen. D. thng c C, H, hay gp O, N, sau n halogen, S, P. Cu9. Tm nh ngha nhm chc chnh xc nht? A. Nhm chc l nhm nguyn t gy ra nhng phn ng ca phn t hp cht hu c. B. Nhm chc l nhm nguyn t gy ra nhng phn ng c trng ca phn t hp cht hu c. C. Nhm chc l nguyn t gy ra nhng phn ng c trng ca phn t hp cht hu c. D. Nhm chc l nhm phn t gy ra nhng phn ng c trng ca phn t hp cht hu c. Cu 10. Phn tch nh tnh nguyn t nhm xc nh A. cng thc cu to. B. cc nguyn t c mt trong hp cht hu c. C. cng thc phn t. D. t l khi lng cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c. Cu 11. Xc nh s c mt ca Cacbon v Hiro trong hp cht hu c bng cch chuyn hp cht hu c thnh CO2 v H2O, ri dng cc cht no sau y nhn bit ln lt CO2 v H2O? A. Ca(OH)2 khan, dung dch CuSO4. B. Dung dch Ca(OH)2, CuSO4 khan. C.Dung dch Ca(OH)2, dung dch CuSO4. D. Ca(OH)2 khan, CuSO4 khan. Cu 12. Khi thuc l lm tng kh nng b ung th phi, hot cht c c trong thuc l l nicotin. Nicotin c th c hp th vo c th do n ung, ngi, k c cc vt try ngoi da.Xc nh khi lng phn t ca nicotin c gi tr khong 160. Phn tch nguyn t nh lng cho thnh phn phn trm khi lng nh sau:74,031%C, 8,699%H, 17,27%N. CTPT ca nicotin l A.C5H7N. B. C10H14N2. C. C10H15N2. D. C9H10ON2. Cu 13. Cng thc phn t ca cht c thnh phn 85,71%C, 14,29%H, M=56 l A. C4H8. B.C4H6. C.C3H8. D.C3H6. Cu 14. Cng thc phn t ca A trng vi cng thc n gin nht, thnh phn 51,3%C, 9,4%H, 12,0%N, 27,3%O v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca A l Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12 - Trang | 1 -
A.C5H11ON. B.C5H11O2N. C.C5H10ON. D.C4H11O2N. Cu15. Cng thc phn t ca cht c thnh phn 54,5%C, 9,1%H, 36,4%O, bit 0,88g hi chim th tch 224ml ( ktc ) l A. C4H8O. B. C4H8O2. C. C4H8O3. D. C4H6O. Cu16. nh ngha ng v ng ng l A. nhng hp cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 nhng c cng tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau. B. nhng n cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 nhng c cng tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau. C. nhng hp cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt nhm CH2 nhng c cng tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau. D. nhng hp cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 nhng c tnh cht ho hc khc nhau. Cu17. nh ngha ng v ng phn l A. nhng hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng cng thc phn t. B. nhng n cht khc nhau nhng c cng cng thc phn t. C. nhng hp cht ging nhau nhng c cng cng thc phn t. D. nhng hp cht khc nhau nhng c cng cng thc cu to. Cu 18. Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, t l khi lng ca C, H, O v N ln lt l 72 : 5 : 32 : 14. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C6H14O2N. B. C6H6ON2. C. C6H12ON. D. C6H5O2N. Cu19. Ho hi hon ton 1 hirocacbon A thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch CO2 thu c khi t chy ht cng lng hirocacbon (cc th tch o cng iu kin ).Vy A l A.C2H4. B.CH4. C.C2H2. D.Khng xc nh c. Cu20. t chy 1 hirocacbon A thu c s mol nc bng s mol CO2. Cng thc tng qut ca A l A. CnH2n-2. B. CnH2n-6. C.CnH2n. D.CnH2n+2. Cu 21. Khi t chy 0,42g mt hp cht hu c thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Hp cht hu c trn c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t? A. C, H. B.C, H, O. C.C, O. D.H, O. Cu 22. Khi t chy 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi. Sau phn ng thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi nc. Xc nh cng thc phn t A? (th tch o cng iu kin) A.C2H4O2. C.C3H8O. B.C2H4. D.C3H8. Cu 23. Mt hp cht hu c A cha 2 nguyn t X, Y v c khi lng mol l M bit 150 < M <170. t chy hon ton m(g) A thu c m(g) nc. CTPT A l A. C10H22. B. C11H24. C. C12H18. D. C12H22. Cu 24. Bit m(g) mt hp cht A chim cng th tch vi m(g) CO2 cng iu kin nhit p sut. CTPT A l A. CH4. B. C2H6. C. C3H6. D. C3H8. Cu 25. t chy hon ton 1,47 gam cht hu c X ch cha C, H, O bng mt lng va 1,0976 lt kh oxi (ktc) thu c H2O, 2,156 gam CO2. T khi ca X so vi khng kh nm trong khong (3; 4). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6O2. B. C3H4O2. C. C3H6O3. D. C3H8O3. Cu 26. t chy m (g) mt hp cht A to ra CO2 v H2O c khi lng ln lt l 2,75m(g) v 2,25m(g). CTPT ca A l A. C2H4. B. C3H8. C. CH4. D. C2H6. Cu 27. t chy hon ton 1,88 gam cht hu c A cha C, H, O cn 1,904 lt O2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v hi nc theo t l th tch 4 : 3. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A bit t khi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 7. A. C8H12O5 B. C4H8O2 C. C8H12O3 D. C6H12O6 Cu 28. t chy hon ton 14,4g mt hirocacbon A thu c 44g CO2. CTPT A l A.C2H6. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C5H12. Cu 29. Cng thc chung ca dy ng ng hirocacbon mch h c cha 2 ni i v 1 ni 3 trong phn t l A.CnH2n-2. B. CnH2n-4. C. CnH2n-6. D. CnH2n-8. Gio vin: Tng Th Son Ngun: Hocmai.vn
Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 2 -
XC NH CNG THC PHN T HP CHT HU C P N BI TP T LUYN

1C 11B 21A 2B 12B 22D 3A 13A 23C 4B 14B 24D 5B 15B 25C 6A 16A 26C 7C 17A 27A 8C 18D 28D 9B 19B 29C 10B 20C
Gio vin: Tng Th Son Ngun: Hocmai.vn
Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
- Trang | 1 -

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Bi 1: Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

nguyn t khc to nn hn 20 triu hp cht khc nhau. Trong

Ngnh ha hc chuyn nghin cu cc hp cht hu c c

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

II. C IM CHUNG CA CC HP CHT HU C

2. Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Th d: (CH2O)2 hay C2H4O2 c ngha l trong phn t c 2 nguyn t C, 4 nguyn t H

(nh tnh v nh lng). T thnh phn nguyn t c th lp cc cng thc nu trn.

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

IV. PHN TCH NH TNH NGUYN T

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

1. Xc nh nguyn t cacbon v hiro

un nng hp cht hu c vi CuO (cht oxi ha) chuyn

CO2 H2O CaCO3 H2O CuSO 4 .5H2O

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Khi un vi axit sunfuric c, nit c trong mt s hp cht hu c

CxHyOzNt (NH4 )2 SO4

(NH4 )2 SO4 ...

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Khi t mnh giy lc tm ru etylic v hp cht hu c cha

C xHyOzClt HCl AgNO3

CO 2 H2O HCl AgCl HNO3

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

V. PHN TCH NH LNG

gin. Xc nh khi lng hoc th tch cc sn phm , ri

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

1. nh lng cacbon, hiro

Oxi ha mt lng chnh xc a gam hp cht hu c A. Kh

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Gi s trong th nghim sinh ra m gam cacbonic v m gam nc, ta tnh c:

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Hp th cacbonic v nc bng dung dch KOH 40%, o c th

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Gi s xc nh c V (lt) kh nit (ktc) th khi lng nit v

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

- Lu hunh: Phn hy hp cht hu c ri nh lng lu hunh

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

VI. CCH THIT LP CNG THC PHN T HCHC

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Vi a, b, c l cc s nguyn dng, khng c c chung khc 1.

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

Cng thc n gin nht l Cng thc thc nghim l

Da vo khi lng phn t tm ra n cng thc phn t

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

- Nu bit khi lng tng nguyn t trong hp cht (bit c

T l v s nguyn t trong phn t:

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

- Nu bit s mol tng nguyn t. T l v s nguyn t trong phn t:

Tm c cng thc n gin nht, ta lm tng t nh trn.

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

2. Da trc tip vo khi lng sn phm t chy, khng qua cng

thc n gin nht

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

b, Cch thit lp CTPT

Theo phng trnh:

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit

3. Da vo thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t, khng

- Thnh phn % v khi lng ca tng nguyn t