PHT HC CHNH CNG

Tc-Gi Thi-H i-S

HT.Tm-Chu Phng dch

---o0o--Ngun
http://thuvienhoasen.org
Chuyn sang ebook 18-7-2009
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Mc Lc
PHT HC CHNH CNG
I.NGUYN-L HIN-THC CH-NGHA
1) HIN-HNH THC S
2) HIN-S THC-TNH
3) HIN-LNG THC-TNG
4) HIN-BIN THC-LC
II. NG C BNH-NG CH-NGHA
III. BIN-PHP TIN-HA CH-NGHA
IV. HIU-QU T-DO CH-NGHA
1. CNH-TR T-DO
2. NGHIP-QU T-DO
3. HON TON T-DO

---o0o---Hin-thc ch-ngha
-Bnh-ng ch-ngha
-Tin-ha ch-ngha
-T-do ch-ngha
Trn thuyt
... i tm hiu, t ti mc-ch ca s tm hiu, chc cc bn mun tm
hiu, sn c bn-lnh bn-vng, nng-lc di do, tm-hn chu ng,
thc-nghim su-dy v gic-quan xa rng trn s thc. V, s thc l s
thc, con ngi l con ngi. Con ngi khng nh gi s thc, tt nhin
s thc khng thc.

Nhn sang Pht-Php. Pht-Php, bn-lai l bn-thn php-gii khng sinh,

dit, khng trc, sau, khng nh, sch... Nn cc bn mun tm hiu n,
cc bn phi c mt minh-thc no? Hn cc bn ng quan-nim: khng
nhn vo hnh-tng sai bit ca n, do ch-quan, t-kin v hn lng ca
c-nhn, ca phng s, m cc bn tm hiu n trong tinh-thn i bnh
ng, phng tm mt tr-quang, gic chiu cng khp v d hai tay m v
tr vo lng.
Loay-hoay trong a-ht tn-gio, trit-hc, khoa-hc, ch-ngha, chnh-tr,
qun-s... tm hiu v em li mt gii php CHN, THIN, M cho xhi con ngi, thi hnh nh b ngng tr bi thc-trng ca th-gii nhnsinh hin ti.
Mun sng li nh sng sn c, mun sng li l sng nh thc, Thi-H
i-S (Trung-quc) thu tm tinh-hoa Pht-hc thnh cun sch nh ny,
gip thm vo s thnh- cng ca cc bn, nu cc bn mun thnh-cng.
Ti vinh-hnh c gp cc bn trn con ng l-tng.
Vit ti Si-thnh, u Thu nm t-Mi (1955)
Thch-Tm-Chu
---o0o---

PHT HC CHNH CNG

H c tm-linh hiu bit u c
kh-nng-tnh thnh Pht(1)
Bnh thng ngi ta hay ni n ch Pht, l ni tt hai ch PHT- ca
ting Phm, m n c -ngha l GIC GI (Ngi gic ng), cng nh
ngi c hc-vn i, ngi ta thng gi l Hc-gi.
S d c s hiu bit rt-ro, cng khp m gi l GIC-GI, l v ngi
gic- ng l ngi biu hin c nhn-cch ti cao ca nhn-loi con
ngi l tiu v-tr cng dung-hp mt mi vi i v-tr, ly ton v-tr
lm t-th, l gi-tr ti cao ca nhn-sinh v t c mc-ch y l
ngha ti cao ca nhn-sinh; v vy, th-gii nhn-loi khng th khng tm

ti thc-hin c nhn-cch ti cao -, nhn-loi t ti ch gic-ng ti

cao y l PHT.
PHT l bc m-phm ti cao ca nhn-loi, ch dn cho chng ta phng
php lm ngi, phng-php tin n a v siu nhn v n ch gic ng
hon ton nh th no. Do , tin PHT khng phi l m-tn, m l trit-
ph tan m mui, l xu- hng n ch gic-ng hon ton.
V chng, c PHT cha tng ni: Ch c ta l PHT, mi ngi nn tnknh, ngng-vng ta tri li, Ngi thng ni: H c tm-linh hiu-bit,
u c kh-nng-tnh thnh Pht.
c Pht ch-trng BNH-NG, l ch-trng ai ai cng u kh d
thnh Pht, tc l mc-ch Pht hc vy.
- C ngi ni: Pht-php khng phi l tn-gio, khng phi l trit-hc.
Thc th, ng trn lp-trng cn-bn m ni, Pht-php chnh khng phi
l tn-gio cng khng phi l trit-hc, Pht-php tuy c th bao-qut c
tn-gio ln trit-hc, nhng n vt trn ht thy tn-gio v trit-hc.
Pht-php khng phi nh tn-gio khc, l ngi tn-ngng khng th
bnh-ng vi bc c tn-ngng. V th, Pht-gio ch gi chung l Phtphp, ch khng phi l tn-gio cng khng phi l trit-hc.
---o0o---

I.NGUYN-L HIN-THC CH-NGHA

(tc Php nh nh th: s s, vt vt nh th)
Ht thy s thc tn ti, hnh bng
thu xa xa th no u r rng th y,
v s tht th no li hon nh th
Nguyn-l Pht-hc dng mt th danh-t biu-th cho n l HINTHC CH-NGHA.
Ht thy s s, vt vt tn-ti trong v-tr, u c th gi l HIN v s
thc ca ht thy s tn-ti y gi l HIN-THC.

Y vo o-l Pht-hc m ging, HIN-THC CH-NGHA l ht thy s

thc tn-ti, hnh bng thu xa xa th no u r rng th y v s thc th
no li hon nh th. V nh bnh hoa l bnh hoa, khng th gi l ci chi
khc c.
- Di tiu HIN-THC CH-NGHA ti sao li ghi cu: PHP NH
NH TH (s s, vt vt nh th).
- c PHT i vi vn- v-tr NGI gic-ng hon ton , NGI
em ton v-tr gic-chiu ra bng cch rnh-r, cho nn Kh kinh mi ni:
Thy sut c thc tng ca mi php l thy sut c ci tng mo
t thu xa xa (bn lai din mc) ca ton v-tr. Ci tng mo t thu xa
xa ca ton v-tr y trong Pht- php gi l PHP NH NH TH; l
ni ht thy s thc tn-ti trong ton v-tr t thu xa xa ti nay nh th.
- Li duyn c g, hin- thc ch-ngha trong Pht-hc c th ni l chngha V CH-NGHA.
- Tt c ch-ngha trn th-gian u l ch-quan v t-kin ca c-nhn
tham gia, chng phi l cng-bnh, v t v bn-lai nh th (xa, nay nh
th) ca ton v-tr; hin-thc ch-ngha ca Pht l ch-ngha chn-thc
ca ton v-tr t thu xa ti nay nh th, tc l khng phi ch-quan cng
khng phi kin ring, nn gi l ch-ngha V CH-NGHA.
Tm li, c PHT tm dng ngn ng, vn t kho lo, nhim mu ni ra
s hin thc t thu xa xa ti nay nh th, gi l hin-thc ch-ngha, tc
l cn c vo gio-ngha PHT-, thuyt-minh chn-tng ht thy s
thc tn-ti trong v-tr,
Trn y thuyt-minh u mi, ci tn ca HIN-THC CH-NGHA,
nay xin phn-tch v ging-gii thm nh sau:
---o0o--1) HIN-HNH THC S
Ht thy s vt hin hin, sinh, dit,
nh, ln, lu-hnh, bin-ha nh dng
nc chy

Hin l hin hin l ci c thc, trong hin ti -. Nh c th gii hin ti, c

nhn loi hin ti, c vn vt hin ti... S vt hin c ni trc mt chng
ta, khng lc no n khng trong s bin ha, lu-hnh, ngha l n khng
phi th c nh. Ht thy s s, vt vt trong v-tr, ln nh th-gii, nh
nh vi-trn u nm trong s bin-ha, lu-hnh y nn gi l HIN-HNH
THC S. Nh: mt i con ngi, nm, thng, ngy no mi sinh, nm,
thng ngy no cht; cc th vt, gi pht no mi thnh, gi pht no
hng; qu a cu, bao nm thnh hnh, bao nm s tan hoi v ngay n
vng thi dng cng c khi thnh, li cng c khi hoi, cho nn th s u
c hn lng nht nh trong s thnh, hoi, sinh, t.
Vy, thy c hnh tng ca s, vt nh th cha phi l thy c chntng ca n, bi v mun s, mun vt trong v-tr khng nhng n binha tng gi, tng pht m thi. Ht thy s vt hin hin, sinh, dit, nh,
ln, lu-hnh, bin-ha nh dng nc nhy rng. Dng bin-ha y c th
gi l dng sinh-mnh. V, ht thy s thc tn ti trong v tr, ln, nh
dung thng vi nhau, trc, sau, duyn sinh vi nhau, cho n tch tc sinh
dit u ni tip vi nhau.
Nghin-cu theo khoa-hc cn i, l-thuyt, lu-hnh, bin-ha y, khng
nhng khng tri vi khoa-hc, li chng minh l l-thuyt rt chn thc.
Khoa-hc phn-tch s vt lm phn-t, nguyn-t, in-t... in-t c tnh
nng, lnh (m, dng) l tng gi, tng pht c s bin-ha, do , thy
r mun s, mun vt lu-hnh khng ngng.
- Khoa-hc i vi Pht-hc tuy c ch chng-minh, nhng khoa-hc cn c
vo s cm-gic ca ng quan; m Pht-hc li cho l gic-tri bng trc-tip
- . Th l thy chn tng ca v-tr, tc l thy ci thc s hin hnh trong
v-tr vy.
Hn na sinh-mnh ca nhn-loi, tri qua t v th (khng lc bt u)
khng phi nm no sinh, ri sau mi c v mt i con ngi ch l mt
on ca dng sinh mnh hin ra, ch chng phi l ton th, v nh mt
khc sng trong con sng di dc. Mt ln sng, mt ln cht chng qua l
mt th gi tng bin-ha ca dng sinh mnh. Ht thy s vt u nh
th, ngha l n bin-ha tng gi tng pht m li ni tip nhau mi mi
khng dt. Hiu r o l y l kh d ph tr c rt nhiu m- hoc.
- Ngi ta thng hiu rng: nhn-sinh l khng h, khng c ngha,
khng c gi tr, ngoi vic n ung, trai gi... ra, vic g cng u l khng

c. l phn kt- qu ca s m-hoc, phng t-st ca t-tng cao xa

nhm ln, h cho mc-ch ca nhn-sinh ch c s tha-mn v cm n,
o mc, ni ... l , nn h ph thc tt c tinh thn ca h vo vic tm
ti sinh-hot cho s hng th m-mn. Bi th ngi ny k kia tranh
nhau, khin th-gii nhiu-lon khng ngng, s tnh khn kh ca tranh
u trng ti u cng u nh th, kt-qu dn th-gii n thi kip rt bithm. Th l, i vi chn-tng lu-hnh, bin-ha ca v-tr khng hiu
c minh bch, l khng hiu c u mi ca HIN HNH THC S,
thi cha phi l ngi gic-ng.
- C nhng ngi suy xt rng: trn th gii ny nht nh c mt bc cht, sng-to Sng-to v lm ch-t mun vt trong th-gii, do , sinh ra
s m-tn ca tn-gio, lm ngn che ci tnh kh-nng gic-ng ca thu xa
xa, khng th hin th ra c.
V TH, V CHUNG, vng quanh khng u, l ci chn-tng sn c ca
s s, vt vt. Ngi ta khng r o-l y, ch nhn thy mt on i ca
dng sinh- mnh, cho nn mi gi ra ci tn l to-vt-ch.
- Th hi, to-vt-ch l mt vt th no? Gi nh khng phi l mt vt,
chc khng c t thn, thi ly chi m c th to vt khc. - V, nu l mt
vt, thi ai to ra to-vt-ch y? Nh th thuyt to-vt-ch khng th
thnh lp c.
Vy, cn bit: mun vt trong th-gii, u khng phi dng n vt no
khc to ra n, n do s sinh dit, tip ni nhau, lu-hnh chng dt t thu
xa xa nh th.
Nu hiu r chn-tng ca nhn-sinh, th-gii l V TH, V CHUNG,
sinh, dit, thnh, hoi; l s lu-hnh khng ngng, vng quanh chng dt,
thi c th em tm lng phng i n v lng, v bin, tm phng i
tc l khng cn chp trc, l kh-hp vi chn-tng ca-v tr.
Hin-hnh thc-s l v th, v chung, thi nhn-sinh, th-gii cng u nh
th, u thc hin ci sinh-mnh, v th, v chung. Ht thy hnh vi qu-kh
l nhn, hin-ti l qu, ht thy hnh-vi hin-ti li pht-sinh ci kt-qu
tng-lai, nhn qu trng trng, ni tip khng ht, cho nn kip nhn-sinh
mi c gi tr bt h.
Vi nhng o l y, khng nhng hc Pht ct bit o thnh Pht, m ct
bit lm ngi c nhn cch, c o-c, u nn hiu n bng cch r-rng,

khng thi n s sinh ra nhng phin no. Chiu theo o-l i-tha m
ni, trc nht cn lm mt con ngi hon thin, nhin hu tin n bc
B-tt siu-nhn v s tin n bc siu- siu-nhn l Pht.
i vi vn- hin-hnh thc-s, ngi mong tng lm mt ngi hon
thin, trc tin khng phi khng hiu bit r-rng; hiu bit r-rng l V
th, V chung, l bit hnh-vi ca nhn-sinh vnh-cu, ni tip bt dit; lm
hnh-vi g u c ngha bt h v gi tr bt h.
---o0o--2) HIN-S THC-TNH
Mun s, mun vt u do nhiu
nhn duyn to thnh, khng c tnh
c-nh v khng c tnh c-lp
Hin-s tc l s-thc ca hin-hnh,
Kho-st t-m: mt con ngi hoc mt ci nh u c c-th ca n, k
thc c-th y, khng c tnh c-nh cng khng c tnh c-lp; song,
ging theo Pht- php, th l Nhn-duyn-sinh. Nh: phn vit l do
t, (th t dng lm phn) nc, nhn cng, khun, mi duyn hp li
mi thnh; nh thnh mt thn cy l do ht ging, nc, t, nh mt tri...
ngha l nhn phi c duyn mi c. Li nh nhn-sinh l do dng sinhmnh, thm c duyn ha hp ca cha m v quan-h n t, nc, nh
sng mt tri, khng-kh v.v... Ni rng hn na, s thnh-cng ca th-gii
cng l do nhn-duyn m c.
- Nhn l bn i(2) chng t(3) duyn l ht thy nghip lc(4) ca chng
sinh - . V th, suy lun ra, mun s mun vt, u do rt nhiu nhn-duyn
to thnh, khng c tnh c-nh v khng c tnh c-lp.
Nh trn ni s thnh-cng ca con ngi l do phn t hp ca ht
thy... trong v-tr, cho nn con ngi l x-hi-tnh v v-tr-tnh con
ngi thnh-cng l v-tr thnh-cng.
C nhn ni: Mt li ni lm hng thnh cho nc, mt li ni lm mt
nc. V mi hnh-ng ca con ngi u c s quan-h, rng buc v
nh hng ln nhau.

S thnh-cng ca th-gii, u do nghip lc ca nhn-loi, l mt chn-l

xc-thc, khng huyn tng. - Mt a-phng c o-c, c phc-kh, t
nhin kh d to thnh mt a-phng tt, tri li, ch to thnh mt aphng xu m thi. Vy nn con ngi thuc x-hi-tnh, v-tr-tnh, ch
khng c mt ci TA thc th no T-ng-tnh (tnh ca t ci TA ring
bit).
Bc i-thnh, i-hin pht-huy lc-lng, nhm vo s quan-h ca ton
x- hi, ph bin cho ton nhn-loi, ton th-gii hiu r con ngi c th
chuyn di c ht thy; nn ht thy hnh-ng ca con ngi i vi xhi khng th khng xt nt cn thn. Hnh-vi, nghip-lc ca con ngi
khng nhng nh hng n nhn-loi, li cn nh hng n c th-gii. (th-gii thnh l do nghip-lc lm duyn).
Con ngi khng c ng tnh, ch l x hi tnh, nn mt li ni, mt vic
lm ca con ngi c th nh hng n ton x-hi, ton th-gii. th,
nhng ngi hiu con ngi l khng c t-ng-tnh, cn y vo o l y m
lm vic, thi t c tnh cng-bnh, tc thnh tnh i cng v ng (tnh rt
cng-bnh khng c bn ng ring bit); i cng v ng l thc-tnh ca vtr.
Ngi bnh thng nhn-nh c t ng, t li u tranh khng ngng, n
ni th-gii, nhn-sinh khng ngy no yn n. K thc, nhn-loi ch nn
h tr, khng nn u tranh. Tn-Trung-Sn ging v TAM DN CHNGHA cng c ging ti ch . ng ni: u-tranh l bnh thi ca xhi, thi- chn-chnh ca nhn-sinh phi l h tng iu ha.
R-rng chn-thc-tnh ca hin-thc l x-hi-tnh, v-tr-tnh, l i cng
v ng, do , pht tm lm vic, t nhin l ha bnh, an lc. Ci y khng
min cng to-thnh, m ch l ci tnh chn-thc ca mun s, mun vt
trong v-tr t thu xa xa nh th.
Nguyn-l Pht-hc ch Mi duyn hp thnh, bn khng v ng. Hiu
r chn-tng ca nhn-sinh v-tr nh th thi v phng-din tr-thc s
thm tr tu, v phng-din hnh-vi, s l phng-php dn dt con ngi
n ch lm ngi bng cch tha ng vy.
---o0o---

3) HIN-LNG THC-TNG
Thc-tng ca hin-lng l chnthc-tng ca nhn-sinh, v-tr, vn
hu, tc l cnh gii v phn-bit tr
ti cao gic ng ca Pht-
LNG l suy-xt, o-lng. Nng-lng l tri-thc; dng tri-thc o
lng v-tr, vn-vt, nn v-tr vn-vt l b lng.
C hai th:
1) Hin-lng.
2) T-lng.
Hin-lng l tr-thc bng cch trc-tip, nh trng thy nhan sc, nghe
thy ging ting l hin-ti hin-hin.
T-lng l y vo trc-tip gic-tri m suy-xt mi bit, nh trng thy tr,
bit l th ung khi kht.
Vy Lng l s tr-thc chn-chnh, xc-ng khng mt cht sai lm.
HIN-LNG l trc-tip gic-tri trn s thc, T-LNG l s suy bit
trn l- lun. Cn mt th c lng sai lm, thng gi l PHI-LNG, l
ci tri-thc khng chn-chnh, xc-ng.
Tri-thc y c vo khoa-hc l tri-thc bnh thng, rt nhiu s sai lm.
HIN- LNG ca th-gian l kinh-nghim tng b-phn l t, khng phi
l ph-bin v hon-ton, nn s thiu st ca n phi do T-LNG btc. T-LNG c tnh- cch ph-bin, nhng li thiu st v tnh-cch
xc-thc. Do hai s thiu st y, nn thi thng hay pht-sinh s sai lm.
V nh chnh tr i xa, l thch-dng vi hon- cnh ng thi; ngi
ng thi tuy nhin nhn l thin-kinh, a-ngha. (o thng ca tri, l
phi ca t xa nay khng bao gi thay i c), li khng thch-dng vi
hin-ti. Cho nn bit rng: T-LNG xa cch tnh xc-thc, thi s sinh
ra lu- t v do s sai lm m sinh ra au kh.
HIN-LNG chn-chnh l trc-tip tri-thc, hon ton v ph-bin,
khng cn suy-lun cng bi-b vo s thiu st ca tri-thc bnh
thng. Chun-nhn thc-tng HIN-LNG, l chn-thc-tng ca

nhn-sinh v-tr vn-hu, tc l cnh-gii v-phn-bit tr ti cao gic-ng

ca PHT-.
V tri-thc tng-i l tri-thc c s phn bit, khng c hon ton,
khng c ph-bin m li l trong vng tng-i, v nh s tri-thc v
mu en v mu trng chng hn. Pht-hc vi s cn-yu thnh-cng phi
ni tr-tu, ngha l cn em ci tri-thc tng-i, khng hon ton y
vt ln thnh ci tri-thc tng-i, khng hon ton y vt ln thnh ci
tri-thc hon ton v ph-bin Nht-thit-tr (hiu bit tt c s s, vt
vt). Thnh-cng trong tr-tu y, tc l mc-ch ca Pht- php vy.
Hc Pht l phng-php t c tr-tu hon ton. t c tr-tu
hon ton y, l thn chng c thc-tng ca v-tr nhn-sinh, c th
bit c s pht- huy ca tnh gic-ng hon ton. y l l-do hc Pht.
Nhn-sinh au kh u do s sai-lm khng hiu r ci HIN-LNG
chn- chnh m ra, nu chng c NHT-THIT-TR thi ht thy mvng phi lui, ht thy au-kh u khng. Song, n c Pht-tr y phi
lm th no mi c, tt nhin phi dy cng-phu tu-tr. Vy, hai lp trn
(hin-lng, t-lng) c th dng l lun gii-thch, nhng lp th ba
(chng Nht-thit-tr) cn phi y theo phng-php thc-hnh mi c. Ai
ai cng c th thnh, cn nht phi c phng-php thch-ng. Tu-tch
thnh-cng, t ti mc-ch thnh Pht, l ch tinh-yu ca Pht-hc.
---o0o--4) HIN-BIN THC-LC
Mun s, mun vt u bin
ha. Lc-lng bin-ha chnthc l tm ca con ngi v
tm ca tt c chng-sinh
Ht thy s s vt vt, hin-nhin, tn-ti trong ton v tr, u l ty thi
bin-ha, m trong s bin-ha y c mt th lc lngNNG- BIN
l HIN-BIN THC-LC.
Ngi bnh thng cho NNG-BIN-LC l Thn, hoc To-vt-ch,
nhng, y theo Pht-hc m ni, thi nhng s u sai lm.

Lc-lng nng-bin theo nh kinh Pht ni: TAM GII DUY TM,
VN PHP DUY THC (Ba ci(5) ch do tm, mun s, mun vt, ch do
thc), thi l lc-lng ca TM THC.
Mun s, mun vt u bin-ha. Lc-lng bin-ha chn-thc l tm ca
con ngi v tm ca chng-sinh. Ai ai cng c tm, nn ai ai cng c ci
nng-bin-ha ni t-k, u c t-do, t-ch, song ch cn t-k i vi
chn-tng v-tr c s nhn thc tng ng, lp ch, gng lm l s t
ti mc-ch. Bc i-thnh, i- hin, anh-hng, ho-kit cho n ngi
pht i-nguyn thnh Pht, u c th t-do, t-ti, nhng chng qua ch
hiu bit n a-v no thi. Nh Duy-vt s-quan ch nhn thy mt
phng-din o-l duy-vt ch chng bit n l duyn-c ca dc-vng trithc tin-b, pht-kin, pht-minh dn ln.
Do tm-thc bin-ha, m hnh-vi ca nhn-sinh bin-ha, d ch phngphp sinh sn cng t bin-ha, cho n tm-l dn-tc, tri-thc nhnloi, u l nguyn- nhn ca th-gii chuyn-bin. Cho nn c s, vt, u
l theo tm-l tri-thc m bin-ha.
Xa hn mt cht, nh Thin-vn-hc kho-cu v ton v-tr cng xc-thc
l theo s bin-ha ca tm-l chng-sinh m hin-hin. Th coi ngi tudng tng-ng trong Pht-hc, h c th trng thy nhng ci g khng
th trng thy, nghe thy nhng ci g khng th nghe thy, v lc-lng
tm-l ca h c th xung qua ci duyn-c v ci lc-lng ca t-nhingii.
Tm li, lc-lng nng-bin tm. Chng ta u c tm, nn chng ta u
c t- do, t-ch, hng-thng, t ti a-v ti cao thnh Pht.
Nh th, Pht-hc khng phi l tiu-cc, chn i hoc m-tn, m l s
tin-b m-mang cho nhn-sinh t ti a-v ti-cao, ti-vin-mn. Dng
ci m-phm ti-cao thnh Pht y, dn dt con ngi em li bn-tnh
thc-hin v t nhn-sinh th-hin c chn-tng ca ton v-tr, l hon
thnh c -ngha ca con ngi.
---o0o---

II. NG C BNH-NG CH-NGHA

(Tc i-t-bi tnh)

Thc s, thc tnh hon ton bnh ng,

nh t mt vi-trn, ln n mt th-gii,
gn t nhn-loi, xa n ht thy chng
sinh u l ci dng sinh mnh lu hnh
khng ngng.
Theo nguyn-l Pht-hc ni trn, thi bit rng ai ai cng u c th
thnh Pht, c Pht khng nhng ch b ngi ta tn-ngng m li l lm
ngi m-phm. Ch cn hiu r c Pht l ngi pht-tm th no, tuhnh th no v thnh-cng th no, soi m i, thi kh d thnh Pht.
PHT TM l ng c. ng c chnh ng, nht nh sau s sinh ra hnhvi, kt-qu vin mn; ng c lch-lc, sai lm, nht nh kt-qu cng
khng c hon thin. ng c Pht-hc, thnh Pht l BNH-NG
CH-NGHA, nh trong Kinh ni: Ht thy chng-sinh u bnh-ng.
Tc l, gn t nhn-loi, rng n v-tr, ht thy hnh hnh, sc sc u
bnh-ng. Song, nhn vo th php, thy khng c nh th, v cn phn
bit mi loi, mi loi tc l khng c bnh-ng. V nh: phn bit loi
t, l v-sinh-c, loi c cy l hu-sinh-c, loi ng-vt l c cm
tnh, tri--gic; cho n loi ngi li c t tng, l tnh o-c, nh th c
th ni ta h khng c bnh-ng.
cho ht thy chng-sinh loi u cng bn-ng, vy n ch no l ch
rt ro ca n?
c Pht tng ni: Thc s, thc tnh, hon ton bnh-ng, nh t mt vi
trn, ln n mt th-gii, gn t nhn-loi, xa n ht thy chng-sinh, u
c ci dng sinh- mnh lu-hnh khng ngng. Th l, u cng bnh-ng
im .
Ht thy chng-sinh u c tm, u c hin bin, thc lc, u c khnng- tnh c th t ti ch ti-cao gic-ng, l Pht-tnh. Y vo im y
m ging, l ht thy bnh-ng. Chng-sinh u c th t ti a-v ticao-thng, ti-vin-mn, thi a-v Pht u phi vt ra ngoi ht thy
nhn-loi. Vi t tng y c th tng hp vi o-l Quc-gia Dn-ch,
v ngi nc Dn-ch c kh-nng-tnh lm mt v Nguyn-th trong
nc.
Ch-ngha bnh-ng ca Pht l ch-ngha bnh-ng ca ton v-tr-gii,
ton chng-sinh-gii. ng c ca Pht cn c ni a-phng pht tm
cho ton v-tr u cng bnh-ng, ngha l pht tm thnh Pht v ht thy

chng-sinh trong ton v -tr chng phi thnh Pht v mt ngi, mt thi
i hay mt a-vc, l ci nguyn tm bnh-ng rt ph-bin v cng l
tm T-Bi rng ln vy.
Tm Pht vn c sn ci tr-tu i quang-minh ph-bin ton v-tr v ht
thy nng lc o-c hon ton. Ht thy chng-sinh u y tr-tu,
c tng NH-LAI, song, t trc ti nay m mui khng bit, c nm
gi ci t-k nh-nhen, em mt im gi tng trn dng sinh-mnh lm
t-k, hng ngoi suy cu; ai ai cng u nh th, tc l ngn cch,
tranh u ln nhau, thi tt c kh no cng theo m pht minh. K thc,
u l oan-ung, hon ton do t tnh bt gic, t mang ly au kh. Cng
u chng phi l ngoi vt cp cho chng ta, chng phi l s tuyt i
khng th bin i, chng qua, i vi chn-tng ca v-tr, t tnh khng
gic- ng c, nn khi ra mi th suy cu, tranh u m sinh ra mi th
kh no.
Ai cng u l Pht, ngha l u c kh-nng-tnh thnh Pht, song, u m
mui khng bit, thc ng thng st. Bit rng ht thy chng-sinh trong
ton v-tr, u ng thng st, v u c th thnh Pht, li phi oan-ung
chu kh no lun-hi sinh-t, nn cn phi pht khi tm i-t-bi. Bi th
tm t-k khng th thnh Pht, vnh-vin khng th thot khi ni au kh,
thi ht thy chng-sinh cng u th. Phm cha n a-v thnh Pht,
cha c vin mn, thi hng ngoi khng th cn c ch suy cu, bin
ha, m trong ch bin ha lu chuyn y, c ch khng c t ch, nn c
ra mi th kh no. Nhng, bn tnh chng-sinh cng nh nc chy trong
khe ni, nghn vng trm on n bin l ngng. Bn nng gic-tnh ca
ht thy chng-sinh cng nht nh chy qua sng vo bin, tc l i trn
con ng thnh Pht. C con ng y thi ht thy chng-sinh u c
kh-nng-tnh thnh Pht. Hiu r ngha Ht thy bnh-ng pht tm t
trn l-tnh y, tc l i trn con ng thnh Pht vy. Nguyn cho chngsinh khi mi kh no, bng cch rt ro c mi s an vui l ng c
thnh Pht. Nu ch v t-k c nhn, hoc cho vic thnh Pht l khng th
ti c, tng li Pht cu phc, trnh ha, thi chng phi l ngi
hc Pht.
Ngi bnh thng cho Pht v qu-thn nh nhau, tin Pht c th khi ha
c phc, th ng c y trong Pht Php l m ch khng phi l tn.
Ngi hc Pht cn pht tm v ht thy chng-sinh cn hng tm trn s
thc-hnh; hng tm trn s thc-hnh nn c th tm dng nhng

phng-php bt ng. Nh nc chng ta, hin-ti chu bao ni p-bc,

kh-thng ngi dn phi lm s-nghip cu quc, cu dn, l ng-c
chnh-ng. Song, l thc-hnh, hn phi t ch c th thc-hnh trc tin
i, nhng, trn ng-c cn phi hon-ton bnh-ng mi c. V, c pht
tm trn ch ngha i-Bnh-ng, mi c th lm c ci s-nghip cu
quc, cu nhn-loi. S pht tm y ging theo Pht Php tc gi l: Pht
tm B-, tu hnh B-tt. Pht-ng t trn Pht-tnh: v x-hi-tnh, vtr-tnh m pht tm, thi t nhin l thin, khng cn c c, y l ng-c
ca ngi hc Pht nh th.
Th nhn i vi vic hc Pht, thng lm tng cho l t-t, t-li, ngi
c sch thu xa cng cho l hc Pht, sau khi cht c an-lc. K
thc, ci -ngha c- nhn gii-thot y vn c ni b-phn Tiu-tha song,
u chng phi l cn bn Pht-Php. Cn bn ca Pht-Php, ch pht
tm v ht thy chng-sinh ngha l Chng-sinh v bin th-nguyn .
ng-c pht tm xut-gia, tu o, th ca c PHT THCH-CA
MU-NI, do s qun-st i vi t-nhin-gii. T-nhin-gii tuy sinh
sinh khng ngng, chng-loi ng o, nhng, thin a bt nhn, cho
mun vt l th s-cu, cn-x nhau, tn-st nhau, mun sinh-tn khng
c sinh-tn, mun an-lc khng c an-lc th m khng thy thin a
hi han g?
Ht thy sinh loi tranh nhau, git nhau sng ly mt ngy, bit rng qu
tn khc, thc rt thng hi; v th Ngi i tm phng-php g, tr khi
c ht thy s bun thm au kh cho chng-sinh, y l tm i-t-bi.
Nh ng c dn-sinh ch- ngha ca TN-TRUNG-SN, cng pht xut
t tng: mun cho nhn-loi khi au kh, c ha-bnh, an-lc,
cng l s pht xut mt im ca tm B-tt.
Tm i-t-bi ca Pht, v ht thy chng-sinh, song, mun khi s sinh
hot bi thm ca chng-sinh, u tin cn t-k gic-ng c chn-tng
ca v-tr nhn- sinh mi y cng-nng cu-t chng-sinh c. c
PHT THCH-CA khi ng thi nin thiu c mt ln Ngi i qun st ni
lng mc, Ngi trng thy ngi nng phu cy t, loi trng t trong t b
ra, chim chc theo sau m n Ngi ta thn: s sinh-hot tn khc ca tnhin-gii thc ng thng hi, lng d bun ru, t Ngi pht tm
kho-st chn-tng ca v-tr, nhn-sinh th no, phng-php thot au
kh th no, mi cn cu i o v thng chnh-gic. Th l pht tm

thnh Pht khng phi l tiu-cc m l kt-qu c s sinh-hot ha thin,

an vui tc l i- Nit-Bn vy.
ng-c tu o ca c Pht THCH-CA ch l mt v Pht thnh v
thng chnh-gic, nn sau khi Ngi thnh Pht, Ngi khng yn ch no,
lun lun i thuyt Php nhn, do , bit rng Ngi pht tm l v ht
thy chng-sinh, chng phi l t t, t li, cng chng phi l khng
tng lm khng ti ch, m l mt bin php tha ng thit thc tin
hnh n ch thc hin.
Ngi bnh thng cho Pht-php l: Phi nhn sinh, chn i, phi lun l
u l nhn xt sai lm c. Dng sinh-mnh khng t gic-ng c, nn
mi c trng-thi bt an ninh; cu cho s sinh-hot ca th-gii nhn-loi
c hon ton bnh-ng, li tin bc na cu cho ht thy chng-sinh
u c bnh-ng an-lc, tc l ng-c thnh Pht. Cho nn Pht-php
khng phi l Phi nhn-sinh m l pht-t nhn-sinh; li chng phi chuyn
pht-t v sinh-hot vt-cht; cng chng phi chuyn pht-t v tinh-thn
m pht-t v sinh-hot sinh-mnh c hon ton m-mn. y l bnngha ca Pht-php i-tha, l ng-c hc Pht, nn bin-bit r-rng.
Hc Pht c phn ra Tiu-tha v i-tha. ng-c ca Tiu-tha ch cu
gii-thot cho t-k. Ngi bnh thng cho Tiu-tha l Pht-php chnchnh; li cn i vi chn-l Pht-php, h khng hiu c r rng, h
cho Pht l qu-thn, nh th u l sai lm v li sinh ra nhiu bnh-lun sai
lm na. Cho nn phi phn-bit r-rng v ng-c hc Pht c th tm tt
lm bn ngha:
a) u c Pht-tnh.
b) u thnh Pht c.
c) Thng mnh, thng ngi.
d) Cng thnh chnh-gic.
Tc l ni: chng-sinh u c kh-nng-tnh thnh Pht u c thc-tnh v
kh-nng-tnh hc Pht bnh-ng, nn u c th thnh Pht.
Hn na, vi nhng ngha trn, c th chia ging lm tng th nh sau:
- Tng th nht: cng tin rng v-tr, vn-hu c mt th chn-l ph-bin
hon ton.

-Tng th hai: cng tin rng trong chn-l y c ci nhn thc hon ton ticao v thng i-gic-ng (v thng B-).
- Tng th ba: cng tin rng ci v thng chnh-gic y c th t ti c
nh c PHT THCH-CA.
- Tng th t: cng tin rng ai cng t ti c.
Tn-ngng cn-bn ca Pht-hc khng ngoi bn tng th y.
Song, nhn-loi hin-ti trn tri-thc, hnh-vi, nng-lc, sinh-hot vt-cht,
sinh-hot tinh-thn, u khng c vin mn, sinh ra mi th dc vng, d
ch sinh ra mi th au kh, tuy ni u c th thnh Pht, m thc l vo
a-v ng thng xt. em so snh s au kh ca th-gii, nhn-loi,
chng-sinh ny, u cng nh s au kh ni t thn ta, pht tm thng
mnh, thng ngi y l ng c ca i-tha Pht-php. Cng cch thc
y, pht khi i tm, v ht thy chng sinh, cu c v thng chnhgic, c chn-gic-ng mi ph c m v ht thy hnh-vi mi c hp
l.
Duy Pht-Php mi hiu r rng c ci nguyn-khi ca ht thy s au
kh m-hoc, o-nh n ci r, mi c th ni l cch-mng n trit. M ng-c thnh Pht, mi c th ni l ci-to thnh s sinh-hot anton cho ton v-tr, ton nhn-loi c.

III. BIN-PHP TIN-HA CH-NGHA

(Do nhn-sinh thnh Pht)
T a-v chng-sinh, dng
phng tin tu chng, i
ti a-v Pht, mi gi l
tin-ha
C ng-c, khng c bin-php thch-ng, khng th thc-hin c;
bin-php bt i, kt-qu hn tri vi s thch-ng ca n. V nh chngha x-hi, mc-ch ca n cng mun cho s sinh-hot ca nhn-loi
c phong-ph, an-lc, nhng, n khng c phng-php thch ng, n
li dng phng-php thin-v, him-khch, c ng ci tm bt-bnh,

ghen-ght, bc-tc ca nhn-loi n ni nhn-loi khng nhng khng th

t ti ch an-ninh, li khin x-hi hin-ti khng c an vui sung sng.
Vy nn bit rng l-tng tuy hay, nhng khng c bin-php tngng, li thnh ci kt-qu khng tt. Hc Pht cng th, bt u ging
xong nguyn-l, ging xong ng-c, nu khng c bin-php, thi thnh
Pht th no c? V nh khch l-hnh cn c mt ng i mi c th
tin-tin, con ng Pht-php, l mt th tin-ha ch-ngha.
Ch-ngha tin-ha ca Pht-php, bt ng vi ch-ngha tin-ha bnh
thng. Ging theo Pht-php, thi ht thy chng-sinh trong t-nhin-gii
l tun- hon, lu-chuyn (lun-hi) khng phi l tin-ha, v tng-tin n
mt hn- nht nh lin li thoi-hi. Nh con ngi khi cn l tr con t
kinh-nghim, lc thiu-nin cu tr-thc hc-vn, lc khn ln ra lm vic,
n khi s-nghip thnh-cng xong, tin dn n thi-k gi yu, kt-qu
khng khi mt ln cht. Mt i ni tip trong s tin-ha n lc cht l
tiu-hy hon-ton. Nh qu a cu, c s bin-ha trong thnh, tr, hoi,
khng, cng l tun-hon ch khng phi l tin-ha. Nhn-loi v th-gii
chng qua l ci c mt i, ci mi sinh ra m thi. Hin-tng t-nhin ca
bnh thng, khng ngoi s tun-hon ca sinh-t lun-hi trong Phtphp, n khi hn- y lin thoi lui khng th thnh tin-ha c.
V, ch-ngha tin-ha hin-ti l gi tin-ha, khng phi l tin-ha cucnh.
S lu-chuyn tun-hon trong lun-hi sinh-t, l vic rt khng may, rt
ng thng, phi c phng-php ph s b buc ca lun-hi sinht, mi hay t ti tin-ha chn-chnh c. Gi nh, hiu r rng c
dng sinh-mnh, ln, nh quan-h v giao-thng ln nhau, thi y vo s
thy chn-sinh-mnh khng c hn- , khng b ngn-ngi, khng b chptrc, m ch thy tng-tin, khng thy thoi lui.
Trn kia ni, khng c vt g u l s quan-h ca ton v-tr to-thnh,
mt vt tc tt c mi vt, mt l trong tt c. Ngha l, trong chn-tng
y, c-th ca mi mi s vt, khng c thc-t-ng, l ci gi-tng ca
mi th quan-h tp- hp ca ton v-tr to-thnh; m chn-tng l phbin ton v-tr.
Hn na, nhn-sinh v th-gii, l khng trc, khng sau, khng b ci,
khng hn-; bit rng khng hn-, tc l thy ci khng lng ca
v-tr nhn-sinh l hon ton kh-hp cng chn-tng, em t tng,

hnh-vi ci-thin nhn-sinh, dn dn tin-b thnh tin-ha, y l khi-im

vt khi sinh-t lun-hi.
i-tha Pht-php, do pht tm B-, tu hnh B-tt (B-tt khng phi l
i-danh-t ca thn-tng, l chng-sinh c gic-ng hon ton), -ph s
lu chuyn tun-hon, i ln i l tin-ha. Ngha l t a-v chng-sinh,
dng mi phng-php tu-chng i ti a-v Pht, mi gi l tin-ha. V
cng l con ngi tu n a v Thp-tn(6) ca B-tt, qua Thp-tr(7),
Thp-hnh(8), Thp-hi-hng(9), T-gia -hnh(10) v Thp-a(11) tri
qua mi bc tin-ha y, n a-v Pht mi l vin-mn. Th nn bit rng:
v tr l tin ha, con ngi cha phi l ci kt-qu ca ti-hu tin-ha, li
cn c a v siu-nhn na.
Con ngi hon thnh a-v Thp-tn tng ng nh bc i-thnh, ihin th-gian; Thp-tr l a v siu-nhn; Thp-tr tr ln l a-v siuvit nhn. Pht ly ton v-tr lm sinh-mnh, ton v-tr v hn lng,
Pht thn cng v hn lng, y mi l s kt-qu ca ti hu tin-ha.
Pht tuy nhin ph- ht thy chng-sinh, ht thy chng-sinh c khnng- tnh thnh Pht, song, ch c nhn-loi l rt hp vi s tu hc trong
Pht-php. Nhn- loi tr xung, nhng chng-sinh nh loi sc-sinh, v s
au kh bc bch, v s tr- thc khng pht t, nn tuy rng c Pht thuyt
php h cng khng th lnh hi c.
Nhn-loi tr ln, thi vo cnh-gii rt p, rt vui, tm b cnh-gii
ng tin lm say m, nn khng tng hc Pht, cho nn nhn-loi l mt
o rt c tm oan chnh, xu-hng B- trong su o(12) ch c nhnloi l rt giu kh-nng- tnh thnh Pht(13). V th c Pht th-hin
trong nhn-loi, ni ht thy php, m s ging Pht-php trong hin-ti tc
l lu-hnh Pht-php trong nhn-loi vy.
T khi c THCH-CA thnh Pht n nay, hn 2000 nm lu-hnh bao
quc- u c s tt p, nhng s kinh-qu do thi-i bt ng, dn-tc
bt ng, nn Pht-gio-s, c s duyn-cch, bin-ha ln nhau theo aphng. Nhn trn s gio-ha ca Pht, th nht l phi hp chn-l. Chnl l i-tr-tu vin-mn ca Pht, chng c chn-tng ca v-tr,
nhn-sinh, th hai l cn hp thi-c tc l ph hp thi-i, tro-lu v
tm-l qun chng; nu khng hp thi-c, l khng c thng hnh. Phtphp lu-hnh hn vi ngn nm, tri qua bao nhiu nc nh th, ng
nhin l phi ph hp vi tm-l qun chng. Cho nn chn-l Pht-php

tuy nhin thng sut xa nay khng ri i, nhng v ph hp vi s bt

ng ca cc thi- i, cc t-tng, dn-tc, nn php mn ca Pht-php
cng ty theo s bt ng y m lm vic li-ch.
Ti y, xin em li mt thuyt ni v s bin thin ca lch-s Pht-gio:
Khi c THCH-CA xut th ti n-, quc-gia an-tnh, dn thnh, vt
nhiu nhng, nhn dn ch s v sinh, gi, m, cht. V lo s cht n cc
, nn h lin tm phng-php gii-thot c-nhn. Do Ngi mun thch
hp vi tm-l cu gii-thot c-nhn ca qun-chng n- ng thi,
nn Ngi mi ni ra php Tiu-tha trc nht. Ni khc hn, ng thi
rt nhiu ngi cu gii-thot, nhng u khng bit rng: ng th ca
nhn-sinh, th-gii l v th, v chung, v hn-lng v khng c sinh-t
gii-thot, cho nn Pht-php khng th khng dng phng-php vng
quanh khc- chit, thch hp vi tm-l cu gii-thot ca qun-chng
ng thi, m ni ra php V ng gii-thot.
C-nhn coi nh khng, ci TA li khng c, thi khng chi l sinh-t lu
chuyn? Trn v ng ph nhn t ng, thi khng phi -ngha chn-chnh
ca Pht- php, song chng qua thch hp vi tm-l qun-chng ng
thi m thi. V vy, ni ra php gii-thot Tiu-tha, l vng quanh, khcchit, khin do ni Tiu-tha t ti ni i-tha, nh trong kinh i-tha
Diu-Php Lin-Hoa kinh ni: Tiu-tha l phng-tin nht thi, nu
khng dng phng-tin nh th, thi qun-chng khng sinh lng tin,
khng th vo trong Pht-php c. c Pht, xa nay ch do mt nhn
duyn i s, mi xut hin ra i, cho ht thy chng-sinh, nhn s khai
th ca Pht chng ng Pht-tr, c s vui v, an-ninh khng chng-ngi.
ng thi c mt on ngi ch lu truyn v Tiu-tha; sau bn, nm
trm nm. Ngi Long-Th mi xng-minh i-tha, song vn l hnh-thc
Tiu-tha. n khi B-la-mn gio phc-hng, Pht-gio suy tn, v ttng i-tha vi dn-tc n- khng c thp phn tng hp. Mi
v sau i-tha mi t Bc n- truyn sang Trung-Hoa. T-tng ngi
Trung Hoa l thun t nhin, trng nhn-sinh nn t- tng Tiu-tha khng
hp, m lu-hnh t-tng i-tha. Song, s lu-hnh ph- thng trn xhi, li khng phi l Pht-gio thun-chnh, m l Pht-gio thit-gio trn
thn-o sn-tp. T-tng i-tha i vi t-tng Nho-gia h cho nh l
ngoi chnh-tr, x-hi, ch c th lui ni rng, khng lm c s-nghip
x-hi v khng x-hi-ha c, nn tuy rng xng-minh t-tng itha cng cha thnh x-hi, dn-tc gio-ha. Cn-lai pht-gio li c ci

xu-th tim-suy v khng th theo vi s bin thin ca dn-tc m tin-b

c.
Hin-ti ging v Pht-php cn phi quan-st c-im tm-l dn-tc
ch no, tm-l nhn-loi th-gii th no, nm c hai th y m xem xt,
mi c th nm c l sng cn cho Pht-gio hin-dng, lu-hnh gia
lng ngi.
Nhn tm th-gii hin ti ch trng v vn nhn-sinh, mong cu s sinhhot ca nhn-loi lm sao ti c ch ha-bnh u-m. Cng-c ng-dng
l khoa- hc, phng-php thc-hnh l x-hi v c t-chc sinh-hot
qun-chng.
Tiu-tha Pht-php; ly khai th-gii, ph nh nhn-sinh, l khng thch
hp. i-tha n-gio(15) cng c ch khng hp vi t-tng hin-i.
Song c th hp vi nhn-loi th-gii hin-ti, cn dng i-tha Timgio(16) hn c. i-tha Tim-gio ly nhn-loi lm c-s, tin mt bc
c s thc chng ca mt bc, tc l phng- php khoa-hc-ha, t-chcha, dn dn c hon thin. Cho nn hin-dng Pht- php trong thi i
ny, cn phi -xng v i-tha Tim-gio.
Ni r hn, bc th nht ca Pht-hc ch hon thnh nhn cch lm
u, ngha l lm mt c-nhn ch sinh-a tt p. Phng-din sinh-hot
vt-cht nh cm n, o mc, ni ... cn c gii quyt tng ng, th
phng-din hnh-vi trn o-c, tr-thc, trn l-tnh cng cn hp vi
nhn-loi lm thnh con ngi c nhn cch tng hp vi ngi qun-t
thu xa, nhin hu mi em s hiu bit minh bch v nguyn-l ca vtr, nhn-sinh p dng vo thc-hnh. Ngha l trc nht lm cho con
ngi hon ton, an-ton sinh-hot vt-cht, tng cao sinh-hot tr-thc,
hon thin sinh-hot o-c li dng nhng ci m hon thnh gia-nh
u-m, x- hi lng-thin quc-gia ha-lc, th-gii an-ninh, nh th tc l
Nho-gio ni: Con ngi t n a-b hy-vng ca k s thnh ngi
hin, ngi hin thnh bc Thnh, bc Thnh-nhn thnh cng trong loi
ngi. Nhn cch hon thnh, hon thin ri, li pht i tm V thng
vin-gic, khi i nguyn ph- chng-sinh, nh th tc l Nho-gio ni:
Con ngi t ti a-v hy-vng ca bc Thnh thnh Tri, th l cu
tin-ha trn nhn-sinh ch quyt khng phi l sinh-hot c-thin, xa cch
th-gian. Cng th, tin-ha cao thng k t a-v B-Tt Thp-tn-tm
l a-v t ti nhn cch u-m cao-thng khin th-gian c th lnh-th
s gio-ha, C lai Thnh-hin u nh th. l bc thc-hnh th nht

ca i-tha Pht-php. V s b ca i-tha Pht-php l hng v ht

thy s thc-hnh o-c ca con ngi trn th-gian.
Bc th hai l Thp-tr cng tri qua mi giai on. V c hon thnh
cng-nng c-dng ca Thp-tn-tm mi kt hp thnh S Pht tm tr;
thnh-cng c tr tm y ri, mi l con ng chn-chnh i ln s tinha. n thi-gian y dng sinh-mnh khng phi nh theo gi tri dt v
cng khng phi lun-hi lu- chuyn na. pht khi tm quyt nh i
i ph- chng-sinh u cng thnh Pht, cho nn cn hc rng ht thy
hc-vn th-gian mi c th so snh kp. V cng do tm B- kin c y,
t ch c s tin-ha ch khng c s thoi-ha. V t S Pht Tm tr
tr ln, cn c chn tr tm na mi tr tm u theo mt giai-on ca con
ng y, m mi giai-on l u hng v s tin-ha.
Bc th ba l Thp-hnh, tu Thp-tr-tm tin thm mt bc vo a v
Thp- hnh. Thp-tr-tm l do dng tm trn l quan-st n khi tu hnh
vin-mn i vi l-tnh ca chn-l tri qua v ph hp thnh mt mi.
C nng-lc c-bn y hay lm nhng vic hy-sinh li tha, tu nhng hnh
rt-ro (Ba-la-mt Tu dch l o b ngn) nh: tu hnh b-th, cng gi l
hnh hoan-h, ngha l ly ht thy s vui mng ca chng-sinh trn th-gian
lm s vui mng ca mnh, sinh-mnh ti-sn u em b-th, cho n hysinh mt mnh cu ngi, cu i, cu nc. l ti-th. Li cn phpth. Php-th l dng tt c s pht-minh ca chn-l cng nhng phngphp hay, b-th cho ht thy mi ngi. Sau cng l tr khi khng-b
nguy-him cho chng-sinh, gip ngi, cu i gi l v-y-th. Nh th
tri qua c mi giai-v, thi s tu-hnh cng t mt bc tin ln mt
bc. Trong Pht-php thng ni v s thn-thng chng-nghim, khng
phi l thn-b, u do s thc-hin ca nhng bc kinh-qu trn y
m ra.
Bc th t l Thp-hng. Hng l -t hi-hng. Trn y ni v
Thp- tr, Thp-hnh, nhng Thp-tr cn thin v l, Thp-hnh thin v
s, n Thp- hng s, l mi hp v mt mi (quay v s hng v l
quay v l hng v s n ch s, l khng hai), l tng th nht ca
hi-hng. Hn na, quay tm chng-sinh hng v Pht, quay tm Pht
hng v chng-sinh, quay ht thy cng-c t-k hng v chng-sinh v
quay ht thy chng-sinh hng v t-k. Hi t hng tha, hi tha hng
t , t, tha l mt, y l tng th hai ca hi-hng.

Th bc tri qua trn ng tin-ha, do con ngi i t Tn, Tr, Hnh,

Hng v i c mt phn ba, tc nh trong sch pht-hc gi l v s
kip u tin (s A tng k kip). Li khi cng Gia-hnh tc l tp trung
nhng hnh tu-hnh t trc ti nay tng thm ci hnh v cng-dng.
Do Gia-hnh n c ni s-a Hoan-h- a thi khi y n a v
kin-o, th-nghim ti ch thc-tng ca v-tr nhn- sinh, v th chung,
v phng th, xa ht thy ngn thuyt, khng th no ngh bn c (bt
ng vi gi t l-tng trn t-tng). Thn tm ci-bin, trnh- vt
cao lc-lng vt ln, l s him c ni t-tng ngi bnh thng. Lclng tm-l dn cao, sinh-l vt-l u bin ha, hin-thc th-gii ty
tm-l ci-bin, nn v-tr duy tm, vn hu duy thc, n u c th
thc-hin c. . Nhng ci c th thy c trn th-gii hin-thc thi
cng nh loi cn trng ch bit c cnh-gii ca loi cn trng, v n ch
c th ty theo sinh-l sinh-hot ca thin-nhin, ch khng th bng vo
tm-l m to tc c. Sinh-hot ca cao-ng ng-vt, thi c lc-lng
tm-l. Tm-l mnh nh hng sinh-l, sinh-l nh hng vt-l, n khi
thin-nh thnh cng ng-cn (tc ng-quan) bin-ha, t nhin ht thy
vt-cht cng u bin-ha, thi du rng vo ni nc la vn khng thy
nng, khng thy chm. kt-qu ci-to tin-b l tr-tu quang-minh ca
tm trn y ton v-tr tc l trong ton v-tr khng c ci g, ni no l
khng thng sut c ht thy.
Pht tm t s-a, chn-tng v-tr chng-minh c hon ton, tr-tu
li c ch kh d sung thc. Mt tng, mt tng tin-b n Php-vn-a
th mi thi hiu bit hon ton c ht thy s thuyt-php ca ch Pht
trong thp phng th- gii v mt tch tc trong tm, l ti a-v ti-cao
ca B-tt. Nh Ngi Qun-m B- Tt, rt gn Pht-v, ngha l thp-a
vin-mn l ti c a-v Pht. Pht khng phi l tng-i cng khng
phi l n-c m l khng th ngh bn c. khng phi l mt cng
khng phi l nhiu, khng phi l d, cng khng phi l ng, thi khng
k l xut hin ra t th g, t th y u trn y khp v-tr, ly ton v tr
lm Pht; m Pht ton v tr, l nh sng trong sch cu cnh, an-lc hon
thin. Cho nn Pht-php l bin-php ci-to nhn-loi, ci-to ton v-tr
u thnh ti thin vin-mn, thc-hin l-tng Pht. l thc s, nn
thc-hnh v nng thc- hnh, thi kh d do ni con ngi tin-ha ti ch
Pht-v.

IV. HIU-QU T-DO CH-NGHA

(C ngha l v-chng-ngi)
... T tha l mt, vin-dung v
-ngi, c i-t-do
T-DO CH-NGHA khng phi l phng-tng t-ng, tha-h lm cn.
Khng mt Pht-thn no khng phi khng bin-mn ton v-tr, tc l
PHP-GII V-CHNG-NGI v cng gi l PHP-THN VCHNG-NGI. V-chng-ngi cng v-ng, l rt hp nhau, v v-ng
nn v- chng-ngi, v-chng-ngi nn c t-do. Th l, em lclng quan-h ca ton v-tr, hp-thnh mt vt y (Php-thn) thng
lm ch, lm bn ln nhau, tc l Php-gii v-chng-ngi, ch, bn trngtrng v tn, khng th ngh bn c (t- tng bnh thng l t-tng
phn-bit tng-i, chng phi l t-tng b, th h- tng i-i). Ti
cnh-gii y tc l khng th ni c; nhng, chng phi khng ni m l
cc tn thuyt ci nng-s v-s bt thuyt (ngn-thuyt chng qua l li
ch- o phng-hng trn s tin-hnh, nh ly ngn tay ch mt trng m
thi). Mc-ch hc Pht, l thnh-cng Php-thn v-chng-ngi.
trong v-tr v-chng- ngi y, t tha l mt, vin-dung v-ngi, c it-do:
---o0o--1. CNH-TR T-DO
Cnh l ht thy s vt b tr-tu nhn-thc. Chn-tng ca ht thy s s
vt vt trong v-tr hon-ton v-ngi, cnh v-ngi nn hin th tr-tu
quang-minh v- ngi, tr v-ngi nn cnh cng v-ngi; khng c cnh
ngoi tr, khng c tr ngoi cnh, cnh, tr nht nh, khng th nhn thy
c hai tng, m li bit r-rng ht thy cnh, ht thy cnh l ci b bit
r (s liu) ca tr bit r ht thy (nht thit liu-tri tr). tc l V
thng chnh-bin gic-tri, bit r chn-tng ca v-tr ch php bng
cch vin-minh, khng b thi-gian, khng-gian cu-thc. Tr-thc bnh
thng l tng-i, cn b thi-gian, khng-gian cu-thc; v s quan-h
ca tm-l, sinh-l bt ng u cho tm-l cnh-gii l phi, nn u c s
chng, ngi. Pht thi hon ton v-chng-ngi. Bc B-tt thy chn-l
ph-bin, khng thy sai-bit; khng thy sai-bit nn trong tr-tu c
s khu-bit, c s cch-ngi. Tri li, tr- tu Pht l chnh-bin gic-tri, l
tr-tu bnh-ng ph-bin ht thy thi-gian, ht thy khng-gian ht thy

chng-loi, ng thi khng g l khng bit r bng cch chu-bin; nngtri-tr (tr hiu bit) s-tri-cnh (cnh b bit) vin-dung v-ngi. l cnh,
tr t-do, m trong sch Pht thng gi l TR-C.

2. NGHIP-QU T-DO
Nghip-qu l do nghip-lc trc lm nhn, tt nhin s c kt-qu, m
nghip-lc tc l nhng hnh-vi tin-thi ca n. Hnh-vi tin-thi kt hp
thnh hin- ti sinh-mnh, kt-qu l s thc-phc ca lc-lng hnh-vi
trong tin-th v hin- sinh, nn chu s tn trn i t (ci c mt i, ci
mi sinh ra), sinh-t lun-hi. Bc v-sinh (A-la-hn) ch t do tng b phn
v n Pht-v mi l i-t-do b ht thy nghip bt thin hu-lu, vinmn nghip nhn v-lu thanh-tnh t v lng kip, thnh-tu qu Nit-bn
v-chng thanh-tnh. Ht thy s bt ho u khng c, ht thy s diuho u vin-mn (vin-tch) l on tr c ht thy nghip nhn bt
lng, thnh-tu cng-c Nit-bn. l nghip-qu t-do m sch Pht
thng gi l ON-C.

3. HON TON T-DO

Hon ton t-do l PHP-THN, tc l bn thn php-gii v-chng-ngi
cng l ton th v-tr. Ht thy chng-sinh sinh-t trong Php-thn m
Php-thn hon ton t-do trong ton th-gii, ht thy sinh. V-tr phpthn, t tha khng hai, thng hay gip chng-sinh v lm li-ch cho
chng-sinh. Chng-sinh trong ch bt tri, bt gic, nhn s cm-ha ca
PHT, gii-thot ht thy kh-no, c ht thy s an-vui i vi chngsinh c n-c ln lao, nn trong sch Pht thng gi l N-C.
Ba th t-do trn y, tc l ba c ca PHT-QU, l ngi hc Pht hyvng s t ti mc-ch y.
Ch Thch:
1 Nhng hng ch nh di -mc trong cun sch ny l do -nguyn
chng ti mun nu ln nhng cu tot-yu ton mc, bn c tin b
nghin-cu v c-k (li Dch-gi).

2 Bn i tc l: t, nc, gi, la thuc v sc php.

3 Chng t l ht ging, nhng gi theo khoa hc l nguyn-t in-t.
4 Nghip lc l ci nng lc ca hnh vi.
5 Ba ci: ci dc, ci sc, v ci v sc.
6 Thp-tn: 1) Tn-tm. 2) Tinh-tin-tm. 3) Nim-tm. 4) nh-tm. 5) Tutm. 6) Th-tm. 7) Gii-tm. 8) H-tm. 9) Nguyn-tm. 10) Hi-hngtm. Mi bc ny u ly c Tn lm gc, cho nn gi l Thp-tn.
7 Thp-tr: 1) Pht-tm-tr. 2) Tr-a-tr. 3) Tu-hnh-tr. 4) Sinh-qu-tr.
5) Phng-tin-tr. 6) Chnh-tm-tr. 7) Bt-thoi-tr. 8) ng-chn-tr. 9)
Php-Vng-t-tr. 10) Qun-nh-tr. Mi bc ny u gi l Tr,
ngha l ch ca cc v B-tt an-tr-tm, i vi s tu hnh v lc- (a)
cha c rt-ro mu nhim, cho nn ch gi l Tr.
8 Thp-hnh: 1) Hoan-h-hnh. 2) Nhiu-ch-hnh. 3) V-khu-hnh. 4) Vtn-hnh. 5) Ly-si-lon-hnh. 6) Thin-hin-hnh. 7) V-trc-hnh. 8) Tntrng-hnh. 9) Thin-php-hnh. 10) Chn-thc-hnh. Mi bc ny chtrng tu-hnh v php lc- hn cc hnh tu khc, cho nn gi l Hnh.
9 Thp-hi-hng: 1) Cu-h chng-sinh ly chng-sinh tng hi-hng
(cu gip chng-sinh m khng chp-trc v s cu gip). 2) Bt hoi hihng (khng bao gi thoi lui lng cu gip chng-sinh). 3) ng ch Pht
hi-hng (lng T-bi cu gip chng-sinh bng ch Pht). 4) Ch nht
thit x hi-hng (lng cu gip chng-sinh mi vic u chu o). 5) V
tn cng-c-tng hi-hng (tch cha cng-c v tn). 6) Ty thun nht
thit kin c thin cn hi-hng (thun theo ht thy cn lnh bn cht). 7)
ng tm ty thun nht thit chng-sinh hi-hng (em tm bnh-ng
ty thun ht thy chng-sinh). 8) Nh tng hi-hng (lm cc cng-c
u hi-hng v t-tnh chn-nh). 9) V trc v phc gii thot tm
hi-hng (khng chp trc, khng rng buc mt lng gii thot). 10)
Php-gii v lng hi-hng (hi-hng v v lng php-gii). Mi bc
ny u gi l hi-hng, v nhng s tu-hnh ca cc v B-tt v bc y,
u em cng-c m hi-hng vy.
10 T-gia-hnh: 1) Non-php (y l li v d, nh ca cy ly la, la tuy
cha ra, nhng c nng; ngi tu hnh tuy cha c tr-tu vin-mn,
nhng c tng tr-tu pht-hin). 2) nh-php (cc cn lnh cn b sao

ng, bc ny cn trong thi-k tin thoi, nh nh ni c th ln xung).

3) Nhn php (c -ngha l n kh v quyt nh tin). 4) Th nht php
(bc ny tuy cha chng c chnh o nhng, c phn tn trng th
nht ca th gian). Bn bc ny gn kin-o, mt mc gia cng tu-hnh
nn gi l Gia-hnh.
11 Thp-a: 1) Hoan-h-a. 2) Ly kh a. 3) Pht quang a. 4) Dim tu
a. 5) Nan thng a. 6) Hin tin a. 7) Vin hnh a. 8) Bt ng a. 9)
Thin tut a. 10) Php vn a. Mi bc ny u gi l a, v tm thu
cc cng c hu vi v v vi dng lm t tnh, cng lm ch nng ta chc
chn hn c cho s tu hnh khin hay sin trng cho nn gi l a.
(a) Lc : B th, tr gii, nhn nhc, tinh tin, thin nh v tr tu.
12 Su o: Thin, nhn, a-tu-la, a-ngc, ng qu, sc sinh.
13 Mun r hn, cn xem cun o Pht vi con ngi .
14 n-gio: Gio-l dy bo li tu chng n ng, mt nim khng sinh
tc l Pht, khng cn lp ra tng bc trong khi on hoc chng l.
15 Tim-gio: Gio-l dy bo li tu chng dn dn, t ti ch cu cnh
---o0o--HT