V BI K M U TRUNG LUN ( MLAMADHYAMAKAKRIK ) TT.Thch Tm Thin ---o0o--Ngun http://thuvienhoasen.

org Chuyn sang ebook 8-8-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
LI DN BI K M U TRUNG LUN I. Cn c theo ch Hn II. Mt cch lun gii khc III. Cn c theo ch Phn

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LI DN
Chng ta bit rng Trung Lun l mt tc phm trit hc -bin chng ni ting ca Ngi Ngrjuna (Long Th) . Th cch ph bnh l lun ca n c nh gi l c mt khng hai trong lch s trit hc n thi c i. Ngi ta am m phong cch l lun trit hc ca Ngi phn ln l v y l mt loi trit hc X LY, mt loi trit hc hng tm thc ca con ngi vo th gii thc ti, xa ri mi cung si vng tng. V bi k m u ca Trung Lun c nhc n nh l tn tui ca trit hc Tnh Khng (sunyt), cng nh ngi ta thuc nm lng n nh mt cng n thin. Tuy nhin, mt vi im trong bi k m u ca Trung Lun thng rt db hiu nhm khi dch t Hn sang Vit, trong k c bn dch ca ti. Ma thu nm nay(1999), ti hn hnh nhn c mt bc th ca HT. Thch Thin Siu, mt v trng lo uyn thm v Hn hc. Trong th, Ngi ch r mt s im lm ln khi chuyn ng t Hn sang Vit bi k m u ca Trung Lun, v Ngi cng ch thn hiu chnh li by chng u trong bn dch Trung Lun ca ti . Hy vng tc phm ny s c ti bn trong mt ngy gn y. Bn cnh , chng ti cng nhn c mt tc phm Trung Lun hon chnh bng ting Phn v bn dch, ch ting Anh ca David J.

Kalupahana do Ven .Tu Hnh gi cho. Do , ti khi s lm mt i chiu nh v bi k m u ca Trung Lun , ng thi, gp nht kin ca ch tn c y v xin trn trng gii thiu cng bn c. ---o0o---

BI K M U TRUNG LUN
Bn Devanagari (nguyn bn) Anirodham anutpdam anucchedam assvatam, anekrtham annrtham anganam anirganam, yah prattyasamutpdam prapancopasamam sivam, desyams sambuddhah tam vande vandatam varam. Bn dch ting Anh (ca David J. Kalupahana) I salute him, the fully enlightened, the best of speaker, who preached the non- ceasing and the non-arising, the non-annihilation and the nonpermanence, the non-identity and the non-difference, the non-appearance and the non-disappearance, the dependent arising, the appeasement of obsessions and the auspicious. Bn dch ch Hn (ca Cu Ma La thp) Bt sinh dic bt dit, bt thng dit bt an, bt nht dic bt d, bt lai dic bt xut, nng thuyt th nhn duyn, thin dit ch h lun, ng kh th l Pht, ch thuyt trung nht. Bn dch ting Vit (theo bn Hn) Khng sinh cng khng dit, khng thng cng khng on, khng ging cng khng khc, khng n cng khng i; kho ni php nhn duyn, dit tr mi h lun, con nay knh l Pht, bc thuyt php nht. Bn dch ting Anh (ca Stcherbatsky) "The perfect Buddha, The foremost of all teachers I salute, He has proclaimed The principle of (universal) relativity. Is like Blissful (Nirvana), Quiescence of plurality There nothing appears,

Nothing has an end, Nor is there anything eternal Nothing is identical (with itself) Nor is there anything differentiated, Nothing moves, Neither hither no thither". Tm dch (theo bn ting Anh) Knh l ng ton gic v thng, Ngi tuyn thuyt Nguyn l tng i ca v tr Nh Nit bn Vng lng mi sai bit, Khng c g bin mt Cng khng c g xut hin Khng c g an dit Cng khng c g thng hng Khng c g ng nht( vi chnh n) Cng khng c g sai bit Khng c g di chuyn n ch ny hay ch kia. ---o0o--Phn ch thch Bn dch i chiu ( Sanskrit ? Anh ) ny v phn on c nhiu sai khc so vi bn Hn dch ca Ngi Cu Ma La Thp trong i chnh tn tu i tng kinh, v d : bi k s mt m u Trung Lun c tch ra thnh mt k c lp; bi k th ba ( nu tnh bn cu mt bi ) c sp xp thnh bi k th nht ca chng mt; bi k th nm tr thnh b th hai?.. I. Cn c theo ch Hn Bn cu u ca bi k ny rt r rng, khng c g bn thm. Vn nm bn cu sau . C nhin l do bn Hn dch qu c ng , li kh m h, nn phn ln cc bn dch Vit ng trc y, u dch nhm cu: " Nng thuyt th nhn duyn, thin dit ch h lun, ng kh th l Pht, ch thuyt trung nht ". (theo bn Hn). Cu ny, nu dch l : " Nu nu c nhn duyn ny, s dit tr mi h lun, con nay nh l Pht, xin dng Trung o " (phn ln cc bn dch c u theo cch ny), dch

nh th l khng ng vi bn Phn ln bn Hn. im ny, HT. Thch Thin Siu c hiu chnh li nh sau: Ha Thng khng nh, dch ng bi k trn, cn phi nm r ba im c bn sau: a/ V mt i t v ng (cm t) trong th k ch Hn, th nng thuyt (ni mt cch kho lo) i vi thin dit (dit tr mt cch thin xo), do , cu ny phi dch l: "Kho ni php nhn duyn (prattyasamutpda) , dit tr mi h lun (prapancopasma). b/ Trong ch Ch thuyt, th ch Ch l mt i t ch cho c Pht m khng phi l mt trng t hay danh t. c/ Ch Trung nht y khng h lin quan g n ngha ca Trung o hay Trung o l nht ngha . Do , cu Ch thuyt trung nht phi dch l c Pht l bc thuyt php nht (trong hng thuyt gio). V th , bi k ny nu dch ng, phi dch l:" ? kho ni php nhn duyn, dit tr mi h lun, con nay knh l Pht, bc thuyt php nht ". ---o0o--II. Mt cch lun gii khc Mt cch l gii khc, va da trn bn Hn dch li va da trn bn Phn, cho rng cc ng trong vn bn khng mang tnh i xng , hay i t g ht, tri li mi t v ng u xc lp mt gi tr ring. y, bn cu k ny, c ba chnh: a/ Nng thuyt th nhn duyn c th hiu l [Nu c] nhn duyn ny (yah prattyasamutpdam) , d nhin, duyn l gio l Duyn khi, nh trong cu: " Yo, bhiksavah, pratityasamutpdam pasyati, sa buddham pasyati; yo buddham pasyati, sa dharma pasyati " (Ai thy c Duyn khi th ngi thy Pht, ai thy c Pht th ngi thy php) ( xem BCAP,tr.368, hoc trong MKV,tr. 6,116) . b/ Thin dit ch h lun , y prapancopasama c th hiu l phin no tng do lun l hay cc hnh th ca ngn t em li. Do , thy c Duyn khi cng c ngha l dit tr phin no tng , s dit tr phin no tng mang tnh cch tt p ( thin , siva = prapancopasamam sivam) l Nit bn, nn ch Thin trong bn Hn dch c th hiu l Nit bn. c/

V, h lun , theo vn hc A- t- m, l phin no. Cho nn, phin no dit l Nit bn. Hoc Nit bn l dit tr phin no. T ba c s qui chiu trn, cch giy thch ny dng nh hng n xy dng mt ngha Nit bn nm phng pht u ngay ni bn cu k ny. ---o0o--III. Cn c theo ch Phn Nu cn c trn bn Phn (bn gc) th ni dung ca bn cu k trn c vit rt r rng:" yah prattyasamutpdam prapancopasamam sivam, desyams sambuddhah tam vande vandatam varam //" - rng (ng ton gic v thng[c Pht] thuyt ging nguyn l Duyn khi ny dit tr mi h lun mt cch tt p ?). y, siva c hiu nh mt trng t, c ngha l mt cch t t (kindly), mt cch lng, mt cch thng xt? Trong on k trn , hon ton khng c t hay no cp n Nit bn. Tuy nhin, qua lun gii nh va cp, th t Nit bn thng c nhc n nh mt yu t quan trng v nghe c v rt hp l. Ngay nh trong bn dch ca Stcherbatsky, vn xut hin ch Nit bn (Is like Blissful [ Nirvana ]?) .C l, y l mt s nh hng chung cho nhng ai khi dch da trn s gii minh theo dng trit hc Trung qun ca Nguyt Xng (Candrakti) ? T , chng ta thy rng, do tnh cht c ng ca bn Hn dch, nn rt d nhm ln nu dch thot , nht l khi suy lun xen vo. Cn vn lun gii qu thc l bt kh thuyt . Trn y l mt s im quan trng v cn thit thng to nn s ng nhn khi i vo nghin cu Trung Lun m chng ti c ch tn c ch dy , xin chia s cng bn c .

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