ngha ch Khng Trong Trung Qun Php S n Thun Thch Hnh Bnh dch Vit ---o0o--Ngun http://thuvienhoasen.

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1. Khng 2. Duyn khi, t tnh, khng

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1. Khng
Khng l im cng thng gia cc b phi, nhng quan nim ca cc nh Trung qun khng ging vi cc hc phi khc. Nh "i Tr Lun" quyn th 12 gii thch ch khng c 3 ngha: 1. Phn ph khng 2. Qun khng 3. Thp bt khng "Phn ph khng": Thin Thai tng gi l Chit php khng. V d nh chng ta ly si lng chia ch thnh cc vi, ri tip tc chia ch, cho n khi no khng cn hnh th tng trng, biu hin khng tng, ci cc vi ny c gi l "lng h". y l ng trn phng din vt cht trong khng gian m ni, cn v mt thi gian, em thi gian phn chit thnh tng st na, l thi gian ngn nht, phn chia cho n khi no khng cn tng trc sau, khng cn thi gian tnh, lin xut hin khng tng. Do vy phng php phn ph, l phn chit s tn ti ca thi gian v khng gian tr thnh khng. "Qun khng" l t tc dng ca qun tm. Nh qun si lng l mu xanh lin thnh lng xanh, qun lng l mu vng, thnh lng vng v.v... Trong Thp bin x qun, y ch thuyt minh c th phng php Qun khng. V dng phng php qun khng m bit c ngoi cnh l ci s qun l khng, y mn ngui n

lm v d, hnh dung c th v cnh tng khng ny: nu l k th khi nhn thy c ta th sanh lng on hn, l ngi yu th sanh lng luyn i, l con chu th sanh lng cung knh, l chim th th hong s xa bay. Do s on th thn yu, tt xu, th t u do tm nng qun khng ging nhau m biu hin, cnh vn khng c tht th cho nn gi l qun khng. "Thp bt khng", kinh Bt Nh ch trng t tnh khng. T tnh khng l bn th ca tt c php, u l ci bt kh c, ng th l khng. i Tr Lun tuy cp 3 loi khng qun, nhng cha phn bit ci trit v ci khng trit ca n. Da vo s gii thch ca Ngi Long Th, 3 loi khng qun ny, u c th khin ngi khc hiu c ngha ca ch khng, tuy ch hiu cn su ca mi ngi khng ging nhau, nhng n khng lm mt i tnh cht phng tin, lm r ngha ch khng, do Lun Tr cp n tam khng. Nu nghin cu mt cch nghim tc v quan im i Tiu tha cc b phi, Phn ph khng l phng php thng c cc nh lun s A T t Ma s dng. Nh Hu b dng qun tu, phn tch cc sc thnh lng h, vt qua ci lng h ny l khng. Nhng Hu B khng tha nhn tt c php l khng, ngc li cho cc php c t tnh. Bi v, cn c trn s phn tch m bit c cc php, do gi hp m c, nhng ci gi c ny, ly nguyn t lm ch s y, cc vi l n v nh nht. i vi tm php cng dng phng php ny, phn tch cho n trong mt nim st na l thi gian ngn nht. Phng php phn tch ny, khng th dn n kt lun, tt c php l khng, ngc li dn n kt lun tt c php l tht c t tnh. Nh em cc vi phn chit cho n tn cng, c thuyt cho rng c hnh tng l c th phn chit, c thuyt cho rng, c hnh tng nhng khng th phn chit, nhng bt lun nh th no, cc thuyt u cha nhn cc php tht c t tnh l cc vi. Nh c nhn ni rng, nht xch chi mc, nht th k bn, chung c bt tn. Loi phn tch php khng ny vn c Kinh A Hm cp "Tn khng"; tuy ngha khng trit , nhng c th ly lm im cn c, do Ngi Long Th vn dng n.

Khng qun, l Duy Thc tng v.v...s dng. Phng php ny cng c cc nh Kinh B s dng mt cch trit . Cc nh Kinh B cho rng, 12 x l cn v cnh chng tht c, do thnh lp cnh s qun khng tht c. V sau cc nh i Tha Duy Thc Hc s dng phng php qun khng ny mt cch cc oan, nh cho rng: "Qu, bng sanh, nhn, thin, mi loi ty theo nghip duyn ca mi loi m ng hin c sai khc, nhng sai khc ny do s d bit ca tm, nhng khong c ngha chn tht". Nh c cho nc l nh, Tri cho l lu ly, qu cho l mu huyt, ngi cho l nc, t v d ny cho ta thy rng nh, thy tinh lu ly v.v... u khng tht c, tt c u do nghip bo khng ng ca mi ngi m hin thnh. A T t Ma i Th a Kinh, cc nh Du gi u y ni php ny m minh chng ngoi cnh l khng tht c, thnh lp tr v phn bit, ly ngn th chng t tnh. r rng hn v phng php ny xin tham kho Nhip i Tha Lun v.v... S khng ging nhau phng php Khng qun v Phn ph khng l: Phn ph khng, nhn phn chit s gi tht m thnh lp ci gi danh l khng; Qun khng, l ng trn quan im nhn thc lun, thy r cnh s qun l khng tht c. Cng ging nh th, qun khng khng th t n tt c php rt ro l khng, bi v, qun khng hn ch ch l dng tm nng qun, qun st ngoi cnh l bt kh c, bn thn ca tm nng qun, khng th dng phng php qun khng ny, qun st tm nng qun cng l khng, do s dng kt qu ca qun khng mt cch tt nhin, mun t n t tng "Hu tm v tng". Cnh khng tm c, c nhin cng c th cho l v mun thu r Khng ngha. Nh trn tng thut, mi loi ngha ca ch khng, khng nhng ci gi l Khng khng trit , m cn em khi nim Khng bin thnh rng khng. Nh cc hc gi Phn ph khng tha nhn cc vi, tm v tm s tht c t tnh, l nhng hin tng do cc vi hnh thnh, hay l do nm un to thnh ci gi l Ng, do vy, cho l tt c u l php khng tht c. Cc hc gi ny khng ch tnh duyn khi ca cc php l gi c, cho rng h khng tha nhn cc php l duyn khi. Do vy, mt mt h khng th thu trit ch khng, cng thm chp trc; mt khc, php duyn khi m khng nn ph hoi cng l khng, thnh ra chp tn gim. Cc nh Duy thc hc, em php duyn khi t vo tm v tm s php - l y tha khi tnh, khng th thu r tm v t tnh; i vi su trn -

tnh duyn khi ca cnh khng c ch ca tm, do vy khng th ph hp vi ngha trung o. Ngha ca ch khng m B Tt Long Th pht huy l t tnh khng, khng phi ch mi mt b phn no l khng, cng khng phi l bt khng, li cng khng th cnh khng m tm c. i Tr Lun (quyn 74) cp n 3 loi khng: 1. Tam mui (tm) khng, 2. S duyn (cnh) khng, 3. T tnh khng. "Tam mui khng" cng vi Qun khng trong tam khng va trnh by trn khng ging nhau. y l qun khng lc tu tam mui, tm nng qun hin ra khng tng. Nh Thp bin x qun, lc qun mu xanh tt c php u xanh, qun mu vng th tt c php u bin thnh mu vng, xanh v vng l cnh qun ca tm qun. Th th, khng l v qun tng khng qun m thnh khng. Trong kinh ni, tt c php l khng, nhng da vo qun tu ca tm nng qun m qun l khng, i vi ngoi cnh khng khi chp trc, la h lun, do gi l khng, nhng tht ra nhng php ny khng phi l khng. iu ny ging nh ni: Khng l do tm tng tng m thnh, khng phi tht tng ca cc php l khng. Th th ri vo chp "bt khng", cng khng tha nhn hc thuyt cc php l khng. "S duyn khng" l tng phn vi hc thuyt va nu trn, cnh gii s duyn vn l khng, tm nng qun y c cnh s duyn ny m qun l khng. Ci s duyn l khng, th tt nhin tm nng qun l bt khng, quan im ny ging vi qun khng trong tam khng va nu. Chng qua, qun khng l cnh ty theo tm qun m di i, cn s duyn khng l cnh s duyn vn khng tht. Ngi Long Th bnh lun: "c ngi ni, Tam tam mui v tng v tc tm s php gi l khng, khng cho nn c th qun cc php l khng. C ngi ni rng: Cnh s duyn bn ngoi l sc ... tt c cc php ny l khng, do ngoi cnh l khng, cho nn gi l khng tam mui. Pht ni: khng ly ci khng tam mui cho l khng , cng khng ly cnh s duyn cho l khng. Ri xa hai kin chp ny gi l Trung o, do gi cc php do nhn duyn ha hp m sanh. l php ha hp, khng c php nht nh, cho nn gi l khng".

Long Th minh chng im ny, l cn c kinh Bt Nh ni: khng c php nht nh cho nn gi l khng, c ngha l tt c php do duyn ha hp m thnh, do duyn ha hp, tc l khng c tnh nht nh, khng c tnh nht nh ng ngha khng, ch khng ny, ch cho khng c t tnh, tc khng thuyt. Do r bit, ch khng ca Trung qun l thuyt nhn qa ca php duyn khi, t duyn khi m bit c cc php khng c t tn, do khng c t tnh m bit c cc php vn khng. Nu thin v Tam mui khng hoc s duyn khng, l php chuyn y vo nhn thc lun, khng th ri duyn khi m bit khng, cng khng th t n kt lun tt c php l khng. T khng v tha khng, l hai loi khng qun khng ging nhau. Th nh qun a hoa l khng, i vi t khng m ni, ng th ca hoa l khng. i tha khng, trong hoa khng c nhng yu t ny, do ni l khng, nhng khng c ngha l bn thn ca hoa l khng. Nh trong Lun Du Gi phm chn tht ngha ni rng: "Do b c khng, b tht th v; th nhi khng, th tht th hu, do th o l, kh thuyt vi khng". C ngha l, php ny do v hy dit php kia, v khng c php kia, cho nn gi l khng, nhng i php ny l c. Cc nh hc gi Duy thc cho l khng, cho d s l gii xo diu nh th no cng khng trnh khi phm vi tha khng. Tha khng lun ny, cng khng phi l ci c c sng to ca cc nh Duy thc, ngun gc sng to ca n l pht xut t b phi Tt B a. V lun s ni ting Th Hu cho rng: Khng v v ng khng ging nhau, v ng l cu cnh liu ngha, khng, khng phi l cu cnh liu ngha. Nh ni ng un l v ng, l trit , chnh l v ng; nu ni ng un l khng, th khng trit . Do v ng un l v ng, cho nn Pht ni khng nhng i vi sc, th v.v... khng phi l khng. Nh gii kinh ni: Ch hnh khng, cng ni trong cc hnh khng c ng v ng s, do gi l khng, khng phi l khng hnh ca cc hnh. Cc nh hc gi Duy thc k tha t tng ny, do cho rng: Do y tha khi m xa la tng bin k s chp, cho nn gi l khng; nhng t tng ca y tha khi l c, khng th ni l khng. Ni xa mt t, t tng tha khng sm xut hin trong Trung A Hm kinh, nh Kinh Tiu Khng trong Trung A Hm, chuyn tho lun v tha khng. T tng ny cng vi Pht Gio ty Bc n c s quan h mt thit. Tha khng trong Tiu Khng Kinh tc l b

nhng php no, bo tn nhng php no, vn l php th ca thin nh, gi ci ny l khng nhng khng th gi tt c php khng. Bi kinh ny ly Lc t mu ging ng lm v d, nh ni Lc t mu ging ng l khng, ni trong ging ng ny khng c tru, d v.v... cho nn ni l khng, chng phi ging ng l khng, cng chng phi trong ging ng khng c cc v T kheo, li khng phi l ni khc khng c tru d, cho nn gi l khng. y l khng qun cn nng cn, kinh Lng Gi gi l b b khng. Loi khng qun ny (Do b c khng, b tht th v; th nhi khng, th tht th hu), c rt nhiu loi, nhng puhng php c bn vn khng thay i. Do , ngha ca ch khng theo cc nh Duy thc hc, ly tha khng lun ca vng Ty Bc n lm cn bn, tuy c nh hng thuyt "nht thit php giai khng" ca i tha, nhng vn khng ng nht. T tng "T khng", ngun gc ca t tng ny cng pht xut t A Hm. Nh Tp A Hm Kinh ni: thng khng... ng ng s khng, tnh t nh c. y c ngha l: ng th ca thng, ng, ng s l khng; khng phi l ngoi khng ring c ci gi l thng, ng, ng s l bt khng. Thng, ng, ng s v.v... l khng, bi v thng, ng, ng s l nh vy. Li nh Thng Ngha Kinh trong Tp A Hm ni rng: khng c ng v ng s, ch c s lu chuyn ca nhn qu nghip bo, nhng khng phi l trong thng ngha c s lu chuyn nhn qu nghip bo ny, do ni rng: Th tc cho rng, do y c cho nn kia c, do y sanh cho nn kia sanh, ngha l v minh duyn hnh... S tng tc ca nhn qu duyn khi l th tc, trong thng ngha l v ng, ng s tc khng. Ci c ca th tc, cng ci khng ca thng ngha l xut hin t kinh ny. Tm li t khng l da vo ng th ca php m hiu r khng, tha khng l trong php ny hy b php kia nh vy m r c khng. Do , Trung qun cho l th tc do gi danh m c, thng ngha rt ro khng, cc nh tha khng lun th khng chp nhn quan im ny. H cn c kin ca mnh m sa i l: Tt c php giai khng l php khng liu ngha, quan im ny cng vi cc nh c lp trng, t tnh khng th khng ng nht. V sau cc hc gi khng lun duy thc, bn b i thuyt bin k s chp; khng nhng khng th ni duyn khi l do khng biu hin, cng khng th xc nhn cc php l khng, do t khng v tha khng

cn bn khng ging nhau. Thnh Duy thc lun cho l nu chp duy thc l tht c, y cng l php chp, cho l duy thc cng cp duyn khi tm tm s php u khng, t hn iu ny khng sao trnh khi s thm tht. Ti cho rng tt c php giai khng ca Trung qun, ch yu t tng ny xut pht t nhn qu duyn khi, nhng Duy thc tng th xut pht t nhn thc. Nhng nh Duy thc hc cho rng, da trn nhn qu duyn khi m r khng, t tng ny cng vi tiu tha u khng trit , i tha t nhn thc m ni nh Nhip i tha lun: "T nhin t th v, t tnh bt kin tr, nh chp th bt hu, c ha v t tnh" V t tnh khng c ngha l t tnh hon ton khng c. Nh php v lai, sanh v lai, chc chn phi c nhn duyn khng th t nhin m sanh, do vy gi l v t nhin tnh. Qu kh dit khng tht th ng ngha trong bi tng gi l t nhin v. Hin ti sanh dit khng ngng, ng trong tng gi l t tnh bt kin tr. y i khi l s lu ng ca tam th nhn qu, l thuyt v t tnh. Trong A Hm kinh cng c t tng ny, do nhip lun cho t tng ny l tiu tha. "Nh chp th bt hu c ha v t tnh". y l i khi i vi bin k v t tnh m ni, i vi tt c php chp l t tng, cng tng, php tng, ng tng v.v... u da vo danh m sanh ngha, y vo ngha m sanh danh, hin l gi danh Khng phi l c t t tnh, ri khi bin k ny khng c t tng, l thuyt khng c t tnh ca i tha, y l im cc nh hc gi Duy thc khng ng quan im vi Tiu tha. Nhng nghin cu mt cch nghim tc, ci gi l "chp th tng bt hu" ny, trong Kinh A Hm cng c nihu ni cp "Bt kh th bt kh c". "Nh chp th bt hu", cc bc Thinh vn cng khng t n, Tp A Hm ni: Ngi Ca Chin Din khi vo chn tht thin nh thng ngha, y c ngha l khng ly nht thit tng m nhp thin nh. Mt bn dch khc ni rng: "Ch l gi nhn duyn ha hp ma c tt c mi th danh tng, qun tt c tng ny l khng tch, khng cn thy hu php v phi php". Phm Chn tht ngha trch dn y m cho l gio chng ca ly ngn php tnh, th th c th ni Thinh Vn khng c php ny sao? Do y m bit, trn nhn thc khng chp ly khng ca cc tng cng l Tiu tha. Da vo php nhn qu duyn khi m r c v t tnh khng, cng vi tam thuyt ca Nhip lun khng ging nhau. Duyn sanh

l khng t tnh, t tnh m bt kh c tc l khng; bi v v t tnh khng, do chp c t tnh l in o h lun, nh tht chnh qun l khng chp trc cc tng. Khi vo thng ngha thin nh, khng chp tt c tng, ng nhin y khng phi tch ri nhn qu duyn khi m thnh lp. Kinh Bt Nh ni: Nu c mt php no kh c, ch Pht B Tt c li lm, ngha l tp nhim khng phi l php thanh tnh, y l im m kinh A Hm cp n. Da vo php duyn khi nhn qu m hiu r tt c php u khng, l v khng mn; khng chp ly tt c tng, l v tng mn. Khng mn, v tng mn, v tc mn, l phng tin khng tn hi khng ging nhau, chnh l nht ng, nht thit ng, tam gii thot mn ng duyn mt tht tng. Trung qun ly khng mn v khi duyn tnh lm nn tng, cha tng cp v tng mn. Nhng Duy thc li t qun khng r "Bt nh s hu th", khng th t nhn qu m r khng, y l s bt ng quan im gia hai Tng. Va trnh by trn l minh chng duyn khi v t tnh, mc ch lm r ngha ch khng. Long Th cp n im ny rt nhiu, nhng trn cn bn khng ng quan im vi cc hc phi khc. Do , khng nn c thi vng vn sanh ngha, thy t duyn khi, t tnh, khng bn vi vng cho l ging nhau. ---o0o---

2. Duyn khi, t tnh, khng

By gi em thuyt duyn khi, t tnh, khng va tho lun trn, tip tc tng hp tho lun: Duyn khi v t tnh l tuyt i tng phn, duyn khi l v t tnh, t tnh l phi duyn khi. Chng sanh, ngoi o thm ch cho n mt s hc phi khc u cho t tnh l cn nguyn, l khi im. i vi im ny Pht cng ngoi o khng ging nhau, Pht cho l duyn khi, lun nhn ni nhn. Do da vo hc thuyt ca Trung qun c th gi trung qun l Duyn khi tng, cc hc phi khc c th gi l T tnh khng, cng c ngha l khng c s phn bit gia hai tng. Nu ly duyn khi cng khng hp li m ni, duyn khi tc l khng, khng cng tc l duyn khi, hai khi nim ny, chng qua l hai quan im khc nhau ca cng mt ni dung, trong kinh gi l

"Sc tc th khng, khng tc th sc". Duyn khi v khng l ng nht, v duyn khi l duyn khi ca v t tnh, duyn khi l ci t n rt ro khng; nu c t tnh, th khng nhng l bt khng, cng khng thnh duyn khi. Ngoi o cho rng, khng l khng c, l khng trn, nay lun duyn khi l khng, lm tng ci g cng khng c. Bi v h cho rng, duyn khi c th c t tnh, duyn khi cng khng khng tng thun. Nhng cc nh Trung qun cho rng, v tt c php rt ro khng, do c php duyn khi, khng chng ngi sanh t lu chuyn. Trung qun ni khng, khng phi l khng c, ch l v t tnh m thi. Nh nh trng trong lng nc, tuy tnh ca trng vn khng, nhng nh trng chng ta c th trng thy. Do vy khng v duyn khi tng thun, nu nh ri duyn khi m ni khng, ni duyn khi l bt khng, y g l c khng. Ni n khng v t tnh, mt mt t tnh vn l khng. Nhng khng th gi khng l t tnh, khng l bn tnh ca tt c php, l chn tng rt ro ca tt c php, nhng chng qua t tnh b in o vng chp. Nhng im rt ro ca thuyt t tnh, khng l chn tht, l cu cnh, cng c th gi khng l t tnh. Nh kinh Bt Nh ni: "T tnh ca tt c php u khng th c, t tnh khng th c tc l t tnh ca tt c php". i khi thuyt cu cnh khng cng c th gi l tht tng, tht tnh, chn tht. V tnh ca ch php l cu cnh khng, by gi tr v bn lai ca n l khng, khng tng, khng gim, nhng khng phi l h ngy in o, cho nn c th gi n l chn l tht. Tng kt nh bn di y: * T tnh v duyn khi - Tng phn tng ot - T tnh phi duyn khi, duyn khi phi t tnh. * Duyn khi v khng tch - Tng phn tng thnh - V duyn khi dn n khng tch, v khng tch cho nn duyn khi. * Khng tch v khng tnh - Tng thun tng phn - T tnh l khng tch, khng tch l t tnh

* Tng phn tng thnh - Khng c t tnh cho nn gi l khng - Khng tc l t tnh. i Bc ngy 15 thng 8 nm 1999, Trch dch t Trung Qun Kim Lun ca Php s n Thun, Thch Hnh Bnh (Email: m8721017@cat.hfu.edu.tw ) ---o0o--HT