UCP 600 (IU 27-39)

GV: PHAN CHUNG THY

LI M U
Xu hng quc t ha nn kinh t m ra cho nhn loi cnh ca giao lu y trin vng, cc nc ang xch li gn nhau thng qua chic cu ni thng mi quc t. Vt qua khng gian v thi gian, nhng lung chu chuyn hng ha, dch v v tin t to ra s gn kt bn vng gia cung v cu nhng nc c trnh kinh t khc nhau v ngy cng tr nn phong ph, a dng ko theo s phc tp ngy cng ln trong mt xch cui cng ca qu trnh trao i, thanh ton quc t. iu t ra cho cc ngn hng thng mi phi pht trin cc dch v kinh t i ngoi mt cch tng ng, trong khng th khng k n hot ng thanh ton quc t vi nhiu phng thc thanh ton a dng v phong ph. Trong cc phng thc thanh ton ny, tn dng chng t l phng thc thanh ton c s dng ph bin nht do nhng u vit ca n. Song tn dng chng t khng phi l nghip v n gin, trong thc t cng tc ny gp phi khng t nhng ri ro gy thit hi c v ti chnh ln uy tn cho cc ngn hng thng mi cng nh cc doanh nghip Vit Nam. Cc doanh nghip cn hiu r i tc v nng lc ti chnh, tiu s v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, lnh vc xut nhp khu; khi k hp ng phi cht ch v tun th cc quy nh ca tiu chun quc t, cc ngun lut cn tun th khi c xy ra tranh chp s d gii quyt. UCP ra i vi mc ch khc phc cc xung t v lut iu chnh tn dng chng t gia cc quc gia bng vic xy dng mt bn quy tc thng nht cho hot ng tn dng chng t. Bn UCP ang c p dng hin nay l UCP 600 (The Uniform Custom and Practice for Documentary Credits) do Phng thng mi quc t ICC (The International chamber of commerce) ban hnh vn cn kh mi m i vi cc DN cng nh cc NHTM. Trong bi tiu lun ny nhm em s khi qut v ICC, UCP cng nh phn tch ni dung chnh ca UCP (t iu 27-39) km mt s tnh hung pht sinh thc t. Rt mong nhn c s gp ca c.

PHN I: GII THIU S LC V ICC v UCP 600

I. VI NT V PHNG THNG MI QUC T ICC
Quyt nh thnh lp Phng thng mi quc t (The International chamber of commerce di y vit tt l ICC) c thng qua ti Hi ngh quc t v thng mi, hp ti thnh ph Atlantic-city vo thng l0/1919, vi s tham gia ca i din gii thng mi v cng nghip ca 5 nc M, Anh, Php, B v . Ngy 24/10/1919 ngy thng qua quyt nh thnh lp ICC c coi l ngy thnh lp ICC. Thng 6/1920, ti Pa-ri tin hnh hp i hi sng lp
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(Constituent Congress) ICC vi s tham gia ca gn 500 i din ca 5 nc ni trn. Ti i hi ny, ngi ta thng qua iu l, thnh lp cc c quan chc nng v quyt nh ly Paris lm tr s chnh ca ICC. Theo iu l, ICC l mt lin on tp hp nhng lc lng kinh t ch yu nht ca tng nc hi vin vo cc y ban quc gia (National committes) ICC l mt t chc Quc t phi chnh ph. Mc ch v nhim v chnh thc ca ICC, nh iu l qui nh l: thng qua vic tc ng ti tt c cc lnh vc ca hot ng kinh t quc t bao gm thng mi, cng nghip, vn ti v ti chnh) nhm ci thin cc iu kin quan h kinh t gia cc nc v gii quyt nhng vn kinh t quc t, thit lp cc mi giao tip quc t v s hiu bit tng h gia cc gii kinh t v cc t chc ca chng trn c s "gn gi ha bnh v cng c cc mi quan h hu ngh gia cc dn tc".

II. VI NT KHI QUT V UCP 600

Mt trong nhng phng thc thanh ton hin nay c s dng ph bin l phng thc thanh ton tn dng chng t. Ni dung phng thc thanh ton tnh dng chng t c thc hin theo Qui tc v thc hnh thng nht v tn dng chng t (Uniform Customs and practice for documentary credits) do Phng thng mi quc t (ICC) ban hnh. Vn bn u tin c xut bn nm 1933 (UCP No 82) sau UCP c 6 ln sa i b sung qua cc nm 1951 (UCO No 131), 1962 (UCP No 222), 1974 (UCP No 290), 1983 (UCP No 400), 1993 (UCP No 500), 2007 (UCP No 600) y l vn bn mi nht, c gi tr hiu lc t ngy 1/1/2007. Hin nay, UCP c s dng trn 180 nc trn th gii, nm 1962 ln u tin c dch ra ting Vit. UCP c coi l mt vn bn quy tc hng dn, cc bn s dng c quyn la chn mt trong su bn UCP. Tuy nhin, ch c bn UCP bng ting Anh mi c gi tr php l. Khi s dng ch cn dn chiu UCP vo L/C th UCP tr thnh mt trong nhng c s php l quan trng gii quyt nhng tranh chp pht sinh gia cc bn tham gia. UCP l vn bn hin hnh v c xy dng vi 2 nhm quy nh sau y: Nhm quy nh mang tnh bt buc: y l nhng quy nh ny mang tnh cht ch o lm nn tng vng chc cho phng thc thanh ton tn dng chng t nn mang tnh bt buc cao, khng c lm tri vi nhng iu bt buc m
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UCP ra nu cc bn thng nht s dng phng thc ny. Nhm quy nh khng mang tnh bt buc: bao gm mt s iu khon trong L/C cho php la chn. Ty theo iu kin v kh nng m cc bn tham gia s bn bc v tha thun c th, sau la chn v c th ha thnh cc iu khon v iu kin trong L/C. iu ny gp phn to nn s ng dng phong ph v a dng ca UCP 600, ngy cng ph hp vi xu hng pht trin thng mi quc t. Nhn chung, UCP 600 ra i c hon thin v pht trin trn nn tng ca UCP 500 nhm ph hp vi thng mi quc t, tp trung gii quyt nhng vn vng mt trong qu trnh ng dng UCP 500. S ci tin ca UCP 600 hng n gii quyt cc vn chnh yu nh sau: Thay i kt cu ca UCP 500 theo hng ph hp vi kt cu ca cc vn bn php l v ti chnh ca cc quc gia thnh vin ICC. Gim thiu cc trng lp khng cn thit. Gim thiu mu thun, nhm to iu kin cho qu trnh vn dng UCP 600 ca ngn hng cc nc. B sung cc quy nh php l, thng nht mt s quy nh c th. Tinh gin cc iu khon. UCP 600 c trnh by vi ngn ng d hiu, lc b li vn rm r gy tranh ci v hiu nhm. UCP 600 gm c 39 iu: iu 1: Phm vi s dng UCP iu 2: Cc nh ngha iu 3: Gii thch iu 4: Th Tn dng v hp ng iu 5: Cc chng t v hng ha, dch v hoc thc hin iu 6: C gi tr thanh ton, ngy v ni ht hn hiu lc cho vic xut trnh iu 7: Cam kt ca Ngn hng pht hnh iu 8: Cam kt ca Ngn hng xc nhn iu 9: Thng bo tn dng v tu chnh iu 10: Tu chnh Th tn dng iu 11: Tn dng v tu chnh c chuyn bng in v s bo iu 12: S ch nh iu 13: Tha thun hon tr lin ngn hng iu 14: Tiu chun kim tra chng t iu 15: Chng t xut trnh hp l iu 16: Chng t bt hp l iu 17:Chng t gc v bn sao
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iu 18: Ha n thng mi iu 19: Chng t vn ti iu 20: Vn n ng bin iu 21: Vn n ng bin khng lu thng (khng chuyn nhng) iu 22: Vn n theo hp ng thu tu iu 23: Chng t vn ti hng khng iu 24: Chng t vn ti ng b, ng st v ng sng iu 25: Bin lai chuyn pht, bin lai bu in hay giy chng nhn gi bu in iu 26: Trn boong ngi gi hng xp v m ngi gi hng k khai gm c v chi ph ph thm vo cc ph iu 27: Vn n hon ho iu 28: Chng t bo him v cc hnh thc bo him iu 29: Gia hn ngy ht hn hiu lc hay ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t iu 30: Dung sai ca s tin, s lng v n gi iu 31: Thanh ton hoc Giao hng tng phn iu 32: Thanh ton giao hng nhiu ln iu 33: Gi xut trnh chng t iu 34: S min trch v hiu lc chng t iu 35: Min tr trch nhim trong vic chuyn in v dch thut iu 36: Bt kh khng iu 37: T b trch nhim v hnh ng ca bn c ch th iu 38: Th tn dng chuyn nhng iu 39: Chuyn nhng tin hng thu c

PHN II: NI DUNG CA UCP 600 ( T iu 27 n iu 39 )

iu 27: vn n hon ho (sch) Ngn hng s ch chp nhn mt vn n hon ho. Mt vn n hon ho l mt vn n khng c iu khon hay ghi ch no v s khim khuyt ca hng ha hay bao b. T clean khng cn phi ghi trn vn n, ngay c khi th tn dng yu cu xut trnh vn n clean on board. Gii thch: Vn n hon ho l vn n m trn khng c ph ch xu v hng ha cng nh tnh trng hng ha lc giao. Mt vn n m ngi chuyn ch hay i din ca h khng ghi ch g th cng coi l vn n hon ho.Ly c mt vn n hon ho c ngha rt quan trng trong thng mi quc t. Ngi mua cng nh ngn hng u yu cu phi c vn n hon ho, vn n hon ho l bng chng hin nhin ca vic xp hng tt. Mun ly c vn n hon ho th khi xp hng ln tu phi m bo hng khng b h hng v, bao b khng b rch , khng b t.
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Cc iu khon ghi ch trn B/L tuyn b mt cch r rng v tnh trng khuyt tt ca hng ha v/hoc ca bao b l khng th chp nhn. Cc iu khon hoc ghi ch trn B/L khng tuyn b r rng v tnh trng khuyt tt ca hng ha v/hoc ca bao b th khng coi l c sai bit. T hon ho khng nht thit phi th hin trn B/L cho d L/C c th yu cu . Nu t hon ho xut hin trn B/L v c xa i th B/L vn c coi l hon ho, tr khi B/L c iu khon hoc ghi ch l hng ha hoc bao b c khuyt im. Cu hi: 1- Trn vn n c nhng ph ch chung chung nh: "bao b dng li second hand cases", hoc "bao b c th khng thch hp cho vn ti ng bin packaging may not be sufficient for the sea journey"... vi B/L nh vy th c c chp nhn thanh ton hay khng? Tr li: Cc ngn hng vn cho rng nhng ph ch khng phi l nhng ph ch xu vn n vn c coi l hp l. V trn B/L khng tuyn b r rng, chnh xc v khuyt tt ca hng ha hoc bao b.
2- Trn vn n c ghi ch clean, sau ch clean c xa i. Hi vn n ny

c b ngn hng t chi thanh ton v khng hon ho hay khng? Tr li: Vn n vn c chp nhn thanh ton v theo iu 27 quy nh t clean khng nht thit phi ghi trn vn trn. Tr trng hp trn B/L c iu khon ghi ch thm l hng ha hoc bao b c khuyt tt, s b t chi thanh ton. iu 28: Chng t bo him v hnh thc bo him. a. Mt chng t bo him nh: bo him n (an insurance), giy chng nhn bo him (an insurance certificate) hoc bo him ng (a decralation under an open cover) phi th hin l c cp v k bi mt cng ty bo him, cc hng bo him, cc i l hay ngi c y nhim ca h. Bt c ch k ca i l hay ca ngi c y nhim phi ghi r l i l hay ngi c y nhim k nhn danh cng ty bo him hay cc hng bo him. Gii thch: Trc tin chng ta s tm hiu v mt s cm t sau: v Bo him n: l chng t bo him do cng ty bo him cp cho ngi c bo him nhm cam kt s bi thng thit hi cho ngi c bo
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him trong phm vi gi tr bo him khi c tn tht xy ra. Ni dung ca bo him n: - Cc iu khon chung v c tnh cht thng xuyn, l nhng iu khon quy nh trch nhim ca ngi bo him v ngi c bo him theo tng iu kin bo him. - Cc iu khon ring ca hp ng bo him bao gm: - i tng bo him nh: tn hng, s lng, k m hiu phng tin chuyn ch. - Gi tr bo him: Mc bo him ti thiu thng thng l 110% tr gi hng v phi th hin bng ng tin ghi trong hp ng hoc L/ C. - iu kin bo him c tha thun (AR, WA, EPA, SRCC ). - Tng s ph bo him. v Giy chng nhn bo him: l chng t do cng ty bo him cp cho ngi c bo him chp nhn bo him cho mt l hng no . Ni dung giy chng nhn bo him bao gm nhng im gn ging nh ni dung ca bo him n v nhng iu khon ni ln i tng c bo him, cc chi tit cn thit cho vic tnh ton ph bo him v iu kin bo him tha thun. Tuy nhin, trong giy chng nhn bo him khng c iu khon chung v c tnh cht thng xuyn v cc diu khon quy nh trch nhim ca ngi bo him v ngi bn bo him. n v kinh doanh thng yu cu cng ty Bo him Vit Nam cp giy chng nhn bo him trong trng hp mua bo him hng nhp khu hoc trong trng hp mua hng xut khu cho mt khch hng quen thuc. Cn trong trng hp xut khu (theo iu kin CIF) cho khch hng mi, tng cng ty hoc cng ty xut khu yu cu cng ty him Vit Nam cp bo him n bn cnh vic chng nhn mua bo him cn gii thiu vi khch hng nhng iu kin bo him ca Vit Nam.
v Hp ng bo him ng hay cn gi l hp ng bo him bao (a

declaration under an open cover): l hp ng theo cng ty bo him nhn bo him mt khi lng hng c vn chuyn trong nhiu chuyn k tip nhau vi thi hn thng l 1 nm. Khi k hp ng bao him bao, cc bn cha xc nh c c th khi lng hng vn chuyn l bao nhiu. Theo hp ng bo him bao, mi ln c vn chuyn hng, ngi mua bo him bao khai bo cc chi tit cn thit nh s lng hng ho, tn tu, cng xp hng, cng d hng,
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ngy xp hng ln tu, s vn n, d kin ngy khi hnh, ngy n ...., cng ty bo him c th k chp nhn vo t khai theo hp ng bo him bao, xem nh chuyn hng c bo him v c lm nh th cho n khi vn chuyn ht ton b hng ho. v i l bo him (Insurance Agent): L t chc, c nhn c doanh nghip bo him u qun trn c s hp ng i l bo him theo quy nh ca php lut. Thng thng th trn mt chng t bo him th ngi ta thng s nhng mc nh: - Tn, a ch ca cng ty bo him. - Tn, a ch, s in thoi, s ti khon ca ngi c bo him. - Tn hng, s lng, trng lng, k m hiu,tnh cht bao b. - Gi tr hng ha v s tin bo him. - Phng tin vn chuyn hng ho. - Ngy khi hnh. - Cng xp hng, cng d hng, cng chuyn ti, nu c. - iu kin bo him. - Ni thanh ton tin bi thng. - Ngy thng v ch k ca ngi c bo him. Cu hi: 1- Ai l ngi lp v k tn trn cc chng t bo him th c chp nhn thanh ton? a. Cng ty bo him, cc hng bo him, cc i l ca h. b. Ngi c y quyn bi cng ty bo him hoc cc hng bo him. c. Cng ty bo him, cc i l, ngi c y quyn ca h. d. C a, b, c u ng. Tr li: d (theo iu 28a) 2- Chng t bo him do Vn phng mi gii bo him cp v k c c Ngn hng chp nhn thanh ton trong phng thc L/C hay khng? a. C. Nhng vi ii kin Vn phng bo him phi l i l hoc ngi c y quyn ca bo him hay ngi bn bo him. b. C. Khng cn bt k iu kin no. c. Khng c chp nhn thanh ton. Tr li: a (theo iu 28a). Nhng lu khi Vn phng mi gii k tn phi nu r l k thay v i din cho ai? Cho cng ty bo him hay cc hng bo him no?
b. Khi mt chng t bo him th hin n c cp nhiu hn mt bn th tt
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c cc bn chnh phi c xut trnh. Gii thch: Lm th no chng ta bit c chng t bo him th hin n c cp nhiu mt bn? Chng ta thy nu trn chng t bo him c ghi ch bn gc th nht,bn gc th hai hay hai bn gc nh nhau hoc trn chng t bo him c dng ch Number of originals sau s ghi s 1 c ngha l c mt bn gc chng t bo him, nu ghi s 2 hoc s 3 c ngha l c hai hoc ba bn gc chng t bo him. Nu nh trn chng t bo him c ghi qu mt bn gc chng t bo him th bt buc chng ta phi xut trnh tt c cc bn gc. Cu hi: Trong L/C khng quy nh r s lng cc chng t bo him phi xut trnh m trn chng t bo him c ghi number orginals: 3 . Vy khi dn ngn hng thanh ton ngi ny phi xut trnh bao nhiu bn chng t? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 Tr li: c.
c. Phiu bo him s khng c chp nhn.

Gii thch: Phiu bo him cng c cc chi tit tng t nh Bo him n (Insurance Policy) hoc nh Chng nhn Bo him (Insurance Certificate) nhng v n c cp tm thi, do vy, v mt php l, n khng c gi tr chuyn nhng hoc lm c s yu cu bi thng khi tn tht xy ra. V vy n khng c chp nhn.
d. Mt bo him n c chp nhn thay cho mt chng nhn bo him hay

mt bo him ng. Gii thch: Ni chung cc chng t bo him ny iu c gi tr nh nhau i cng ty bo him bi thng khi c tn tht. Tuy nhin, v mt hnh thc th ch c bo him n l c in km cc nguyn tc chung ca cng ty bo him quy nh. V vy, thng th nh nhp khu vn mong mun v yu cu nh xut khu phi trnh bo him n hn. V vy bo him n c th thay th giy chng nhn bo him v bo him ng. Cu hi: Trong cc loi chng t bo him sau th chng t bo him no c
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chp nhn thanh ton: a. Bo him ng, bo him n. b. Phiu bo him ng, chng nhn bo him. c. Chng nhn bo him, bo him n, hp ng bo him ng. d. Tt c u ng. Tr li: c
e. Ngy ca chng t bo him khng c tr hn ngy giao hng, tr khi

chng t bo him th hin n c hiu lc t ngy khng tr hn bo him ngy giao hng. Gii thch: Thng thng ngy k chng t bo him cng l ngy hiu lc ca bo him, ngy ca chng t bo him c th trc hoc trng vi ngy giao hng nhng khng c php tr hn ngy giao hng v nu chp nhn chng t bo him tr hn ngy giao hng th nh nhp khu hay nh xut khu s khng mua bo him cho hng ha ca mnh trc khi c ri ro xy ro, h s i n khi c ri ro xy ra th mi mua, nu nh vy th s thit hi cho cng ty bo him. Cu hi: Cng ty A k hp ng bo him v giao hng cho cng ty B vo th 6 ngy 13/5/2011 nhng do s c k thut nn ngy 14/5/2011 cng ty A mi nhn c hp ng bo him. Vy khi xy ra ri ro cng ty bo him c chp nhn thanh ton cho cng ty A hay khng? a. C. b. Khng Tr li: a.
f. i. Chng t bo him phi ghi r s tin bo him v phi cng n v tin t

nh trong th tn dng. Gii thch: Nu s tin bo him l 500 t EUR th trn chng t bo him chng ta phi ghi r s tin bo him bng s l 500 t EUR v ghi bng ch l nm trm t EUR. Nu trong th tn dng ghi n v tin t thanh ton l EUR th trong chng t bo him bt buc phi ghi n v tin t thanh ton l EUR. n v tin t ca hai chng t ny phi ging nhau. Cu hi:
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Chn p n sai . Trn th tn dng yu cu s tin c bo him l 18900 USD . T gi hin ti USD/VND l 20.Trn chng t bo him phi ghi s tin c bo him l: a. 19800 USD. b. 18900 USD. c. 378000 VND ( 20*18900). d. a, c. Tr li: d
ii. Th tn dng yu cu mc bo him bi thng trn t l phn trm gi tr

hng ha, gi tr ha n hay nhng chng t tng t th c coi l yu cu mc bo him thp nht. Nu th tn dng khng ghi r yu cu v s tin bo him th s tin bo him t nht phi bng 110% tr gi CIF hay CIP ca hng ha. Nu khng xc nh c tr gi CIF hay CIP trn chng t th tr gi bo him phi c tnh trn nn tng l gi tr yu cu thanh ton hoc chit khu hay tnh trn tr gi rng ca hng ha c ghi trn ha n, ci no ln hn th s c p dng. Gii thch: - CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) chnh l tin hng, bo him v cc ph. - CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid ) l cc ph v ph bo him tr ti. Khi chng ta khng xc nh c s tin bo him th chng ta c th yu cu tnh theo tr gi CIF hay CIP c th bng 130% hay 150 % ,ty thui vo, v mc yu cu thp nht ca chng ta c th yu cu bi thng l 110%. Cu hi: 1. L/C quy nh: Giy chng nhn bo him ti thiu cho 110% gi tr hng ha. Giy chng nhn xut trnh: ghi hng ha c bo him 130 % gi tr. Hi chng t bo him c c chp nhn thanh ton hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: a (c). V iu 28 mc f(ii) ch quy nh s tin bo him ti thiu ch khng quy dnh mc ti a. 2. Nu th tn dng khng quy nh s tin bo him nhng xc nh c tr gi CIF=1000USD. Hi: s tin bo him m ngi mua bo him c th yu cu bi thng l:
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a.1100 USD b.1200 USD. c.1500 USD. d.a, b, c u ng. Tr li: d. V theo iu 28 mc f(ii) quy nh ti thiu 110% tr gi CIF hay CIP ch khng quy nh tr gi ti a. 3. Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau y: Tr gi bo him phi c tnh trn nn tng l gi tr yu cu thanh ton hoc chit khu hay tnh trn tr gi rng ca hng ha c ghi trn ha n khi: a. Xc nh c gi tr CIF hay CIP. b. Khng xc nh c gi tr CIF hay CIP. c. Th tn dng khng ghi r yu cu v s tin bo him. d. b,c ng. Tr li: d. theo iu 28 mc f(ii). 4. Chn cu ng. Trong L/C khng quy nh r yu cu mc bo him hng ha, khi ri ro xy ra do khng xc nh c tr gi CIF v CIP ch bit rng gi tr yu cu thanh ton l A v tr gi rng ca hng ha l B(B<A). Mc yu cu bi thng l: a. Theo A. b. Theo B. c. A,B u ng. d. A, B u sai. Tr li: a.
iii. Chng t bo him phi ghi r ri ro c bo him, t nht gia ni nhn

hng hay ni giao hng v ni d hng hay ni ch nh quy nh trong th tn dng. Cu hi: Trong quy nh: Hng ha dc giao t cng Si Gn n Osaka(Japan). Hng ha phi c giy chng nhn bo him. Vn n xut trnh li th hin: Place of Receipt: ng Nai. Port of Loading: Si Gn. Place of Delivery: Kioto. Port of Discharge: Osaka.
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Giy chng nhn bo him xut trnh ghi: Ga tr bo him c tnh t cng Si Gn n cng Osaka m thi. Hi: giy chng nhn bo him xut trnh l: a. Bt hp l v khng ghi ni nhn hng v ni giao hng ging vn n. b. Khng bt hp l. Tr li: b. V theo iu 28 mc f(iii), trong trng hp ny chng t bo him th hin i im bo him c th l t cng Si Gn n cng Osaka, ph hp vi L/ C quy nh.
g. Mt th tn dng c quy nh loi hnh bo him v nu c nhng ri ro

b sung c bo him th mt chng t bo him s dc chp nhn m khng xt n nhng ri ro khng c bo him nu th tn dng s dng nhng t m h nh ri ro thng thng hay ri ro theo tp qun. Gii thch: Cc loi hnh bo him trong th tn dng l: bo him loi A,B,C. Ri ro thng thng: L ri ro c bo him trong nhng iu kin bo him hng ha thng thng nh A, B, C. V vy ri ro thng thng cn c gi l ri ro c bo him. Ri ro thng thng gm: Ri ro mc cn, chm m, chy, m v, nm hng xungbin, mt tch, v cc ri ro ph nh rch, v, g, bp, cong vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, v p v hng ha khc, nc ma, hnh vi c , trm, cp, cp, mc cu. Cu hi: L/C quy nh: Xut trnh chng t bo him vi mc bo him ri ro thng thng. Chng t bo him xut trnh: trn khng ghi r bo him rui ro thng thng Vy chng t bo him ny c c coi l bt hp l hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b
h. Khi mt th tn dng yu cu bo him mi ri ro v mt chng t bo

him c xut trnh m c bt c ghi ch hay iu khon mi ri ro d n c tiu mi ri ro hay khng th chng t bo him ny vn c chp
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nhn m khng xt n bt c ri ro no c loi tr. Gii thch: Nu th tn dng yu cu chng ta mua bo him mi ri ro. Th khi xut trnh chng t bo him chng ta lu rng : Nu chng t bo him c ghi ch hay trong iu khon ca n c ghi ch mi ri ro d trn tiu chng t bo him khng ghi ch mi ri ro th chng t ny vn c xem l hp l. Nu chng t bo him c tiu mi ri ro th trong iu khon khng cn ghi mi ri ro v n c xem l hp l. Cu hi: Cng ty A mua chng t bo him mi ri ro nhng trn chng t bo him ch c ghi ch mi ri ro m khng c tiu mi ri ro. Hi chng t bo him c c coi l bt hp l hay khng? a. C b. khng Tr li: b Mt chng t bo him c th dn chiu n bt k iu khon loi tr no. Gii thch: Khi cng ty bo him cm thy tng lai c kh nng xy ra cc ri ro nh chin tranh, ni lon, th cng ty bo him c th ngh vi ngi mua bo him c th loi tr ri ro chin tranh, ni lon ra khi hp ng. Nu bn nh h khu ng th trong tng lai nu c xy ra chin tranh, ni lon v lm nh hng n l hng ca nh nhp khu i na th cng ty bo him cng s khng chu trch nhim. Cu hi: Cng ty A xut trnh chng t bo him khng th hin ch mi ri ro.
i.

Li c iu khon min tr khng b. Hi chng t bo him c iu khon min tr c b coi l bt hp l hay khng? a. C b. Khng. Tr li: b Mt chng t bo him c th ghi iu khon quy nh bi thng ty thuc vo mc gim khu tr vt tri. Cu hi:
j.
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Giy chng nhn bo him ghi: Bi thng s c thc hin khi c 6% tr gi hng ha tr ln b tn tht Mc thit hi theo gim nh ca cng ty bo him l 5.5% tr gi hng ha. Hi cng ty bo him s n b bao nhiu cho ngi ch s hu hng ha. a. Khng bi thng. b. C bi thng. Tr li: a iu 29 : Gia hn ngy ht hiu lc hay ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t
a. Nu ngy ht hn hiu lc ca mt th tn dng hay ngy cui cng xut

trnh chng t ri vo ngy m ni chng t xut trnh ng ca khng phi nguyn nhn nu trong iu 36 , ngy ht hn hiu lc hay ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t s c gia hn sang ngy lm vic tr li u tin ca ngn hng . Gii thch : ni ngy ht hiu lc hay ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t m ri vo ngy m ngn hng ngh lm vic nhng khng phi do nhng nguyn nhn trong iu 36 (l do vic gin on nghip v v thin tai , ri lon , dn bin , ni dy , chin tranh , hot ng khng b hay do bt k cuc nh cng hay b xng hoc bt c nguyn nhn no nm ngoi kh nng kim sot ca ngn hng .)th ngy ht hn hiu lc hay ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t s c gia hn sang ngy lm vic u tin ca ngn hng. Cu hi: L/C quy nh: b chng t xut trnh cho NH Agribank mun nht vo ngy 02/9 . Ngy 02/9 (ch nht) l ngy l ca Vit Nam, h thng NH c ngh. Hi b chng t xut trnh vo ngy no th c thanh ton? a. 31/8 b. 03/9 c. 04/9 d. C a v c Tr li: d
b. Nu vic xut trnh chng t vo ngy lm vic tr li u tin ca ngn

hng , ngn hng chit khu phi gi cho ngn hng pht hnh hay ngn hng xc nhn mt bc th gii thch rng vic xut trnh chng t c thc hin trong thi hn c gia hn theo ng iu khon 29a . c. Ngy giao hng chm nht s khng c gia hn nh quy nh iu 29a .
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Gii thch : ny c ngha l ngn hng ch gia hn ngy ht hiu lc i vi th tn dng v ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t thi nh iu 29a ni cn di vi ngy giao hng th s khng c gia hn nh ngy ht hn v ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t. Cu hi : Ngy giao hng theo quy nh trong L/C l ngy 02/9. Nhng 02/9 ri vo ngy ch nht th bn giao hng c th giao hng vo ngy 03/9 c khng? c b. Khng Tr li: khng (nh iu 29c nu l ngy giao hng chm nht s khng c gia hn nh iu 29a. ) iu 30: Dung sai ca s tin, s lng v n gi a. Nhng t khong , xp x c s dng cho s tin ca th tn dng th c hiu l cho php dung sai khng vt qu 10% hay t hn 10% ca tng s tin, s lng hay n gi m n cp n. Gii thch: Cc t about (khong) hoc approximately (xp x) c s dng cho s tin ca L/C hoc s lng hoc n gi ghi trong L/C c hiu l cho php dung sai hn hoc km 10%. ca s tin, s lng hoc n gi m chng ni n. V d nh: L/C quy nh : Tr gi thanh ton khong 1 triu USD ( Amount: about 1 milion USD). iu ny c hiu l cho php sai lch hn hoc km 10% so vi 1 triu USD.
b. Mt dung sai khng vt qu 5% hay t hn 5% khi lng hng ha c a.

cho php min l th tn dng khng quy nh s lng tnh bng n v bao kin hoc bng n v ring l v tng s tin thanh ton khng vt qu s tin ca th tn dng. Gii thch: Mt dung sai khng vt qu 5% hoc l t hn 5% khi lng hng ha c cho php,min l th tn dng khng quy nh s lng tnh bng n v bao kin hoc bng n v ring l v tng s tin thanh ton khng vt qu s tin ca th tn dng. Bao kin v n v ring l y c ngha l: - Bao kin: 100 hp (10 cartons), 50 thng (50 barells), 10 kin hng (10
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packages)... - n v ring l: 10 chic xe ti (10 trucks), 5 t (5 cars), 2 chic (2 units)... Cu hi: 1. + L/C quy nh: Tr gi thanh ton 15000 USD. + M t hng ha trong L/C: 10 MT Coffee. Ha n thng mi xut trnh ghi :
-

Tr gi: 15000USD Khi lng hng : 10,5 MT Coffee ( MT y c ngha l tn)

Hi b chng t c hp l khng? a. c b. khng Tr li: a 2. + L/C quy nh : Tr gi thanh ton 15000 USD + Hng ha giao: 100 set (b) TV Ha n thng mi ghi: -Tr gi thanh ton: 15000 USD - S lng TV: 104 set (b) Hi b chng t c hp l khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b 3. + Tr gi L/C: 510.000USD n Gi: 510 USD/MT S lng: 1000MT Trong ha n thng mi ( C 4 trng hp) ghi: I. 1001 MT- 500 USD/MT II. 995MT 500USD/MT III. 1000MT- 511USD/MT IV. 1005MT- 510 USD/MT Trng hp no sau y hp l? Trng hp no bt hp l? a. I v IV hp l b. I v II v III hp l
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c. III v IV khng hp l d. Khng c p n ng!

Tr li: c
c. Ngay c khi khng cho php giao hng tng phn , dung sai khng vt t

hn 5% s tin ca th tn dng c cho php vi iu kin s lng hng ha quy nh trong th tn dng phi c giao v nu n gi c nu trong th tn dng th n gi khng c gim xung, khng p dng iu 30b- dung sai ny khng p dng khi th tn dng p dng mt dung sai c th hay cc quy nh ghi trong phn 30a c p dng . Gii thch: Ngay c khi cm giao hng tng phn, mt dung sai khng vt 5% t hn s tin ca L/C l c php, min l s lng hng ho, nu quy nh trong L/C, c giao y v n gi, nu quy nh trong L/C, khng c gim hoc iu 30 (b) khng p dng. Dung sai ny khng p dng nu L/C quy nh mt dung sai c th hoc s dng cm t nh cp ti iu 30 (b). Cu hi: + L/C quy nh: Tr gi thanh ton 500.000USD - S lng 5.000 MT clinker. - n gi 100USD/MT. Ho n thng mi ghi: - Hng ho : Clinker - S lng : 4.800 MT - n gi : 100USD/MT Tng cng : 480.000USD Hi b chng t c hp l khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b iu 31: Thanh ton hoc giao hng tng phn a. Thanh ton hoc giao hng tng phn c cho php.
b. Chng t xut trnh bao gm nhiu hn mt b vn n m cho thy vic

giao hng c thc hin trn cng mt phng tin vn ti v cng mt hnh trnh, min l chng th hin cng mt ni n th s khng c coi
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l giao hng ton phn ngay c khi chng ghi ngy giao hng hay cc cng bc hng, ni nhn hng khc nhau. Nu chng t xut trnh c nhiu hn mt vn n th ngy giao hng chm nht ghi trn cc chng t vn ti c coi l ngy giao hng. Chng t xut trnh bao gm mt hay nhiu hn cc b vn n m cho thy vic giao hng trn nhiu hn mt phng tin vn ti trong cng mt phng thc vn chuyn s b coi l giao hng tng phn, ngay c khi cc phng tin vn ti khi hnh cng mt ngy n cng mt a im ch. Cu hi: Trong cc trng hp sau y, trng hp no l giao hng tng phn TH1: L/C qui nh: cho php giao hng tng phn Hng c giao t cng Bunsan, Hn Quc. Hng ha l xe ti Huynhdai, s lng 25 chic. Nh XK HQ xut trnh cc vn n. V 1: Cp 07/02/2009, s xe :10 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, tu Hanjin IV. V 2: Cp 10/02/2009, s xe: 5 chic, t cng Ulsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin IV. V 3: Cp 15/02/2009, s xe: 10 chic, t cng Qung Chu n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin IV. Tr li: Trng hp trn khng phi l giao hng tng phn v tuy ngy giao hng v cng bc hng khc nhau nhng vic giao hng c thc hin trn cng 1 phng tin l tu Hanjin IV. TH2: L/C qui nh: cho php giao hng tng phn Hng c giao t cng Bunsan, Hn Quc. Hng ha l TiVi LG, s lng 300 chic. Nh XK HQ xut trnh cc vn n. V 1: Cp 07/02/2010, s lng :100 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin II. V 2: Cp 10/02/2010, s lng: 100 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG,
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trn tu Hanjin III. V 3: Cp 15/02/2010 s lng: 100 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin IV. Tr li: Trong trng hp ny c xem l giao hng tng phn. V vic giao hng l trn 03 tu khc nhau. Khng cn bit chng xut pht v n cng cng hay khc cng. TH3: L/C qui nh: cho php giao hng tng phn - Hng c giao t cng Si Gn - Hng ha l go, s lng 450 tn - Nh XK Vit Nam xut trnh cc b vn n: V 1: cp ngy 10/6/2010, s lng 100 tn, t cng SG n cng Bunsan, trn tu SG-1234. V 2: cp ngy 20/6/2010, s lng 150 tn, t cng HP n cng Bunsan, trn tu HP-1234 V 3: cp ngy 16/6/2010, s lng 200 tn, t cng SG n cng Ulsan, trn tu SG-1234 Tr li: Trng hp trn khng c xem l giao hng tng phn. V tuy cng n l khc nhau v giao hng nhiu ln nhng c cng tu SG-1234. TH4: L/C qui nh: cho php giao hng tng phn Hng c giao t cng Bunsan, Hn Quc. Hng ha l xe ti Huynhdai, s lng 25 chic. Nh XK HQ xut trnh cc vn n. V 1: Cp 07/02/2010, s xe :10 chic, giao hng t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin II. V 2: Cp 07/02/2010, s xe: 5 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin III. V 3: Cp 07/02/2010 s xe: 10 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin IV. Tr li: Trng hp trn c xem l giao hng tng phn v tuy c cng ngy, cng cng xut pht v ch n nhng trn nhng con tu khc nhau. Th vn c xem l giao hng tng phn.

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c. Chng t xut trnh nhiu hn mt bin lai chuyn pht nhanh, bin lai bu

in hoc giy chng nhn bu phm s khng c coi l giao hng tng phn nu nhng bin lai chuyn pht nhanh, bin lai bu in hoc giy chng nhn bu phm c ng du hoc k bi cng mt hng chuyn pht nhanh hoc bu cc ti cng mt ni, cng ngy v cng mt ni n. iu 32: Thanh ton giao hng nhiu ln Nu vic thanh ton hoc giao hng nhiu ln trong nhng thi k nht nh c quy nh trong th tn dng v mt ln no khng thanh ton hoc giao hng trong thi gian n nh th th tn dng khng cn gi tr di ln v i vi nhng ln tip theo. Gii thch: c hiu l Nu trong L/C quy nh thanh ton hoc gi hng lm nhiu ln trong nhng thi gian quy nh.Trong trng hp ny,nu mt ln no khng thanh ton hoc khng gi hng ng thi k dnh cho ln th L/C s khng cn gi tr i vi ln v cc ln tip theo. Cu hi: Cng ty A ti Vit Nam xut khu go cho Hn Quc.Trong L/C cho php giao hng tng phn v quy nh nh sau:
-

Chuyn 1: Giao 10.000 MT go ,ngy mun nht l ngy 04/03/2010 Chuyn 2: Giao 10.000MT go, ngy mun nht l ngy 04/04/2010 Chuyn 3: Giao 15.000MT go, ngy mun nht l ngy 04/07/2010 Chuyn 4: Giao 5.000MT go ,ngy mun nht l ngy 04/12/2010 Cng ty A khng kp thc hin chuyn giao hng th 2.Sau cng ty A thc hin hon chnh chuyn giao hng th 3. Hi b chng t do Cng ty A xut trnh c c chp nhn thanh ton khng?

Tr li: khng chp nhn thanh ton cho ln v th tn dng khng cn gi tr di ln v nhng ln tip theo. iu 33: Gi xut trnh chng t Ngn hng khng c ngha v tip nhn chng t xut trnh ngoi gi lm vic ca mnh. Cu hi: Ngn hng ng ca vo lc 17h chiu, nhng NH vn c 1 vi nhn vin
Nhm NH11,12_KHI 4_K34Trang 20

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cha v. Ngi hng th xut trnh chng t vo lc 17h10 pht chiu. Hi Nhn vin NH x l th no v b chng t xut trnh trn?
a. Khng nhn b. Nhn c. Ty tng nhn vin d. Tt c u sai

Tr li: c. Ty vo nhn vin NH. C th tip nhn hoc khng. iu 34: s min trch nhim v hiu lc chng t: Ngn hng khng chu trch nhim v hnh thc, s y , tnh chnh xc, tnh chn tht, s gi mo hoc hiu lc php l ca bt k chng t no hoc v nhng iu kin chung hoc ring quy nh trong mt chng t hoc ghi thm vo cc chng t ; ngn hng cng khng chu trch nhim v m t hng ha, s lng, trng lng, phm cht, trng thi, bao b, vic giao nhn, tr gi hoc tnh trng hin hu ca hng ha, dch v hay cc giao dch khc c th hin trn chng t, hoc thin ch, hoc hnh vi v nhng khim khuyt, hng ha, thc thi ngha v ca ngi gi hng, ngi chuyn ch, ngi giao nhn, ngi nhn hng hoc ngi bo him hng ha hay bt c ngi no khc. Cu hi: 1- Ngi hng li xut trnh cc chng t m t hng ha khng trung thc (mt s phn b m t, ng gi khng ng quy cch, khi lng thiu,). V khi nhn hng, nh nhp khu mi pht hin s khng trung thc ny. Hi NH pht hnh L/C hoc NH ch nh phi chu trch nhim lin i nh th no khi NH thanh ton xong cho ngi hng li? Tr li: NH s khng chu bt k trch nhim no v theo iu khon 34 UCP 600 nu r.
2- NH pht hnh yu cu NH xc nhn kim tra tnh xc thc v hp l ca

b chng t do cng ty MTV gi n. Sau khi kim tra NH xc nhn thy hp l v ng thanh ton cho cng ty MTV. Nhng sau ngi NH pht hnh pht hin b chng t l gi v t chi thanh ton li cho NH xc nhn? Theo bn trong trng hp trn NH xc nhn c b mt khon tin thanh ton khng?
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Tr li: khng. V theo quy nh ca iu 34 (v 12), UCP 600 NH xc nhn khng phi chu trch nhim g c. iu 35: Min tr trch nhim trong vic chuyn in tn v dch thut
-

Ngn hng khng c trch nhim v nhng hu qu pht sinh do s chm tr, mt mt trong qu trnh chuyn giao in tn, ct xn hoc sai st xy ra trong vic chuyn giao in tn, th t hay chng t, khi nhng thng ip, th t hay chng t nh vy c truyn hoc gi i theo yu cu ca th tn dng; hoc khi ngn hng ch ng la chn dch v chuyn giao m khng

c nhng ch th trong th tn dng. Gii thch: Khi ngn hng xc nhn chuyn giao chng t cn thn theo yu cu ca th tn dng th mi hu qu pht sinh sau khi chuyn giao ngn hng khng chu trch nhim. Cu hi: Nu d liu thng tin c gi bng fax, telex,swift b mt hoc khng c chuyn ht ni dung, b ct xn th NH s chu trch nhim. ng hay sai? Tr li: sai - Nu mt ngn hng c ch nh xc nh chng t hp l v chuyn chng t v ngn hng xc nhn, d ngn hng c ch nh c thanh ton hay chit khu b chng t hay khng, th ngn hng pht hnh hay ngn hng xc nhn cng thanh ton hoc chit khu hoc hon tr li cho ngn hng c ch nh ngay c khi chng t b mt trong vic chuyn giao gia ngn hng ch nh v ngn hng pht hnh hay ngn hng xc nhn hoc gia ngn hng xc nhn v ngn hng pht hnh. Gii thch: Ngn hng ch nh l ngn hng m theo L/C c gi tr ti n, l ngn hng c ch nh thanh ton hoc chit khu, bt k ngn hng no cng l ngn hng c ch nh. Ngi xut khu la chn ngn hng c ch nh trng hp ngi xut khu khng la chn ngn hng ch nh th ngn hng pht hnh s la chn ngn hng ch nh. Ngn hng xc nhn l ngn hng xc nhn trch nhim ca mnh s cng ngn hng m th tn dng, bo m vic tr tin cho ngi xut khu trong trng hp ngn hng m th tn dng khng kh nng thanh ton, ngn hng xc nhn c th va l ngn hng thng bo th tn dng hay l mt ngn hng khc do ngi xut khu yu cu, thng l mt ngn hng ln, c uy tn trn th
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trng tn dng v ti chnh. Thng t nc ngi bn loi tr ri ro bt n v chnh tr nc ngi mua Khi ngn hng ch nh xc nh chng t hp l v chuyn chng t v cho ngn hng xc nhn, th nu ngn hng c ch nh c s tin th s thanh ton hoc chit khu b chng t cho ngi hng li, cn nu khng ngn hng ch nh s i ngn hng pht hnh chuyn s tin thanh ton hoc chit khu b chng t v cho ngn hng ch nh ri ngn hnh ch nh thanh ton hoc chit khu cho ngi hng li. Ngay c khi chng t b mt trong vic chuyn giao gia ngn hng ch nh v ngn hng pht hnh hay ngn hng xc nhn hoc gia ngn hng xc nhn v ngn hng pht hnh. Th ngn hng xc nhn hay ngn hng pht hnh cng phi thanh ton hoc chit khu cho ngn hng ch nh ngn hng ch nh thanh ton cho ngi hng li. Nu ngn hng ch nh thanh ton cho ngi hng li ri th ngn hng xc nhn v ngn hng pht hnh phi hon tr li cho ngn hng ch nh. Cu hi: -Ngn hng c ch nh kim tra b chng t v xc nh b chng t thanh ton hp l. -Ngn hng chuyn giao chng t n ngn hng pht hnh thng qua cng ty pht chuyn nhanh A. -Cng ty pht chuyn nhanh A lm tht lc chng t thanh ton. Hi ngn hng pht hnh hoc ngn hng xc nhn c thanh ton tin li cho ngn c ch nh hay khng? Tr li: Theo iu khon 35 UCP 600 nu r nu ngn hng c ch nh khng nh l chng t xut trnh ph hp v chuyn chng t n ngn hng pht hnh hoc ngn hng xc nhn th d ngn hng c ch nh thanh ton hay chit khu chng t ri hay cha, th ngn hng pht hnh hoc ngn hng xc nhn vn phi thanh ton hay chit khu li cho ngn hng c ch nh, ngay c khi b chng t thanh ton b tht lc trong qu trnh chuyn giao t ngn hng c ch nh n ngn hng pht hnh hoc ngn hng xc nhn .
-

Ngn hng khng c ngha v hoc trch nhim v cc sai st trong dch thut hoc gii thch cc thut ng chuyn mn v c th chuyn cc iu khon ca th tn dng m khng dch thut chng.

Nhm NH11,12_KHI 4_K34Trang 23

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Cu hi: Nhn vin ngn hng A gii thch hoc dch sai ni dung ca L/C, gy chm tr cho vic xut trnh chng t hp l ca cng ty hng li. Hi ngn hng A c phi chu trch nhim lin i nh th no?
a. Khng chu trch nhim g c b. Phi chu mi trch nhim lin quan c. Ty vo ngi hng li quyt nh

Tr li: a. Ngn hng A khng chu trch nhim gi c v iu khon 35 UCP 600 nu r Ngn hng khng c ngha v hoc trch nhim v cc sai st trong dch thut hoc gii thch cc thut ng chuyn mn. iu 36 : Bt kh khng Ngn hng khng chu trch nhim v nhng hu qu pht sinh do vic gin on nghip v v thin tai , ri lon , dn bin , ni dy , chin tranh , hot ng khng b hay do bt k cuc nh cng hay b xng hoc bt c nguyn nhn no nm ngoi kh nng kim sot ca ngn hng . Khi hot ng kinh doanh tr li , ngn hng s khng thanh ton ng hn hay chit khu theo cc th tn dng ht hiu lc trong thi gian ngn hng b gin on hot ng nh trn . Gii thch : Khi ngn hng hot ng kinh doanh tr li th ngn hng cng s chp nhn thanh ton hay chit khu nhng s khng m bo l s thanh ton ng hn hay chit khu nh trong th tn dng quy nh. Cu hi: Ngy xut trnh chng t mun nht ca cng ty UR theo quy nh ca L/C l ngy 8/7. Nhng ngy 8/7 NH ng ca v b ha hon. Do vy, cng ty UR khng th xut trnh, n 2 ngy sau tc ngy 10/7 NH hot ng tr li bnh thng cng ty UR mi xut trnh b chng t. Vy NH s: a. Khng chp nhn thanh ton. b. Thanh ton c. Chp nhn thanh ton d. Ty theo 2 bn tha thun Tr li: c (v trong iu 36 c ni l khi ngn hng hot ng tr li th NH s
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khng thanh ton ng hn nhng ngn hng phi chp nhn thanh ton nhng khng m bo thi hn nh trong L/C quy nh. ) iu 37: T b trch nhim v hot ng ca bn c ch th a. Khi s dng dch v ca mt hay nhiu ngn hng khc thc hin ch th ca ngui m th tn dng, ngn hng thc hin vic vi ph tn v ri ro thuc v ngi m. Gii thch: iu ny c ngha l khi ngn hng tin hnh m L/C th ngn hng c th s dng dch v ca mt hay nhiu ngn hng nh: ph tu chnh L/C, ph pht hnh th tn dng, in ph,khc h tr cho vic thc hin ch th ca ngi yu cu m L/C (nh nhp khu). Chi ph pht sinh t vic s dng dch v ca cc ngn hng c ch nh h tr ny s do ngi yu cu m L/C tr. V d: TDT c ngn hng A pht hnh theo lnh ca cng ty X cho cng ty Y qua ngn hng B (ngn hng i l ca ngn hng A) v thng bo qua ngn hng C (ngn hng ca cng ty Y) v c ngn hng B xc nhn. Nu TDT khng quy nh khc th ph ngn hng v cc chi ph pht sinh ca TDT s c thu nh sau:
-

Ngn hng C s yu cu ngn hng B thu t ngn hng A ph thng bo (ln 2). Ngn hng B s thu ca ngn hng A: ph thng bo (ln 1), ph xc nhn v ph ca ngn hng C (ln 2) v tt c ch ph khc: in ph, bu ph...

- Ngn hng A (ngn hng pht hnh) s thu ca ngi m: ph m TDT, in ph (telex/swift. fax...) ca mnh v cc khon chi ph ca ngn hng B, C. Ngn hng B v ngn hng C (ngn hng c ch th) i li cc khon chi ph t ngn hng A (pha ch th). Cui cng l ngi m TDT - pha y nhim (principal) v l pha khi im ca mi ch th, phi thanh ton ht tt c cc chi ph pht sinh t giao dch TDT trn. Nu TDT khng ghi iu khon v ph ngn hng v cc chi ph pht sinh th cc ngn hng, ngi m v ngi hng phi hiu l ph ny do ngi m tr. Do vy, ngi mua v ngi bn phi cp iu khon ph ngn hng trong giao dch TDT vo hp ng thng mi. Ngc li, ngi mua khi m TDT c quyn ni r ch ph pht sinh ngoi
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ngn hng pht hnh do ngi hng chu, ng nh tp qun Quc t ang ph bin v c cng nhn nh l s cng bng cho c 2 pha. Nhng nu iu khon ph nh vy b ngi hng t chi th gii quyt th no ? Tr li th d trn, nu TDT ghi: tt c ph pht sinh ngoi ngn hng pht hnh do pha ngi hng tr, ngn hng s yu cu ngn hng C thu ph thng bo (ln 1) v ph xc nhn t cng ty Y. Nu ngn hng B v C sau khi hon thnh mi ngha v ca mnh i vi ch th ca ngn hng A m vn khng c ngi hng tr v bt c l do g, th h c quyn i ngn hng A (ngn hng pht hnh) tr cc chi ph . Ngay c trng hp thanh ton, chit khu, chp nhn chng t, nu ngn hng thanh ton, ngn hng chit khu khng th tr tin ph vo tr gi hi phiu/ ha n v nhiu l do (quy ch ca ngi hng, hi phiu khng c thanh ton vo ngy o hn do cc bn lin quan ng b tr hp ng thng mi no ...), th ngn hng pht hnh phi thanh ton li cho cc ngn hng trn. D nhin, ngn hng pht hnh A s thu li nhng ph tr cho cc ngn hng B v C t ti khon ngi m TDT. Cu hi: Khi thc hin ch th ca ngi m th tn dng, tn cc chi ph sau: pht hnh th tn dng, in ph, bu ph, ph thng bo. Hi ai s l ngi tr cc chi ph trn? a. NH b. Ngi yu cu m th tn dng. c. Ty theo 2 bn tha thun Tr li: b
b. Ngn hng pht hnh hay ngn hng thng bo khng chu trch nhim nu

nhng ch th h truyn t n ngn hng khc khng c thc hin, ngay c khi h ch ng la chn ngn hng . Gii thch: Khi mt ch th do Ngn hng pht hnh hay ngn hng thng bo truyn t n NH khc khng c thc hin. Khng c thc hin y c th l: h c thc hin nhng khng t kt qu, hoc l khng thc hin. Vy trong trng hp NH pht hnh hay NH thng bo khng phi chu bt c trch nhim g, mc d h l ngi chn NH thc hin ch th ca mnh.
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Cu hi:
(1)

NH pht hnh ch nh ngn hng thng bo v chuyn L/C n cho NH NH thng bo gi L/C lc a ch khin ngi hng li (nh xut

thng bo.
(2)

khu) khng giao hng, gy thit hi cho ngi mua (nh nhp khu). Hi NH pht hnh chu trch nhim php l th no? NH pht hnh c n b thit hi cho ngi lm n xin m L/C khng? Tr li: Trong trng hp ny NH pht hnh ch ng la chn ngn hng thng bo nhng NH thng bo li khng hon thnh ngha v dn n gy thit hi cho nh nhp khu. Theo mc b iu 37 UCP: NH pht hnh khng c nhim v php l trong trng hp ny v cng khng c trch nhim n b thit hi cho nh nhp khu.
c. Mt ngn hng ch th cho mt ngn hng khc thc hin cc dch v phi c

ngha v thanh ton bt c th tc ph ngn hng, chi ph, tn tht pht sinh m ngn hng c ch th tr thc hin cc ch th . Nu mt th tn dng quy nh cc chi ph do ngi hng chu v ph khng c thu hay tr vo tin hng th ngn hng pht hnh vn phi chu trch nhim thanh ton cc ph . Mt th tn dng hay tu chnh khng nn quy nh vic thng bo n ngi th hng ph thuc vo bin lai thu ph ca ngn hng thng bo hoc ngn hng thng bo th hai. Gii thch: iu ny c ngha l NH no ra ch th thc hin dch v th mi chi ph pht sinh khi thc hin dch v phi do NH tr. Nu L/C c quy nh ngi hng tr nhng ngi hng li khng tr hoc khng thu c th NH pht hnh vn phi tr.
d. Ngi xin m th tn dng s b rng buc v chu trch nhim bi thng

cho ngn hng v nhng hu qu pht sinh ch ti ca php lut v chu trch nhim chu thu theo php lut v tp qun nc ngoi quy nh. Gii thch: Cc quc gia khc nhau c lut l v tp qun thanh ton chng t khc nhau. Trong qu trnh thanh ton ngn hng pht hnh gp nhng ri ro do c s khc bit v lut l v tp qun thanh ton quc t th ngi yu cu m L/C s b rng buc v chu trch nhim php l ng ra n b thit hi cho ngn hng
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pht hnh. iu 38. Th tn dng chuyn nhng a. Mt ngn hng khng c ngha v chuyn nhng mt th tn dng tr khi ngn hng ny c s ng r rng v mc v cch chuyn nhng. Gii thch: - Khi c ngi th hng th nht yu cu chuyn nhng, ngn hng c quyn nhn hay t chi chuyn nhng. - Ngn hng thc ra khng c trch nhim g v h qu pht sinh do hnh ng chuyn nhng ca mnh v n gin n ch l ngn hng c ch nh. Ngn hng ny khng b rng buc v vic thanh ton,chp nhn Ngn hng hay chit khu chng t ca ngi hng th hai xut trnh ti n. Do vy, trong cc thng bo chuyn nhng, ngn hng chuyn nhng ni r v tr ca mnh: "theo lnh ca...v khng cam kt g v pha chng ti, chng ti chuyn nhng TDT ny s..." (by order .. of..and without any engagement from our part, we hereby transfer the Letter of Credit No...) - Tuy vy, cc ngn hng c yu cu chuyn nhng vn c quyn t chi chuyn nhng. Ti sao v trong trng hp no ngn hng c yu cu li t chi chuyn nhng? V trch nhim v ngha v (liability and responsibility) c min trch nhng thc t giao dch s c nhng pht sinh phc tp m ngn hng chuyn nhng c th lin quan trong lc mc ph chuyn nhng li rt thp. Hn na ngn hng phi xem xt tnh cht ca v chuyn nhng v mt php l: lut qun l ngoi hi, quy ch ca a phng.. Ni dung ca TDT phi c kim tra k cc iu khon, iu kin nhm bo m vic chuyn nhng c gi tr thc hin. TDT c nhng iu kin bt hp l, khng logic hoc gy kh khn cho vic thc hin th ngn hng khng sn sng chuyn nhng hoc ch chuyn nhng khi TDT c sa i. Th d: TDT vi iu kin giao hng C&F nhng ngi hng yu cu chuyn nhng vi iu kin FOB. Trong thc t giao dch, ni chung cc ngn hng u sn sng chuyn nhng TDT v y l dch v v l nghip v ca ngn hng thng mi i vi khch hng. Cu hi: Trong L/C quy nh Ngn hng Vietcombank l ngn hng chuyn (Transferring bank). Hi ngn hng Vietcombank c b buc l ngn hng chuyn nhng L/C theo yu cu ca ngi th hng th nht hay khng?
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a. C b. Khng

Tr li: b b. V mc ch ca iu khon ny : - Th tn dng chuyn nhng c ngha l mt th tn dng c quy nh l n c th chuyn nhng . Mt th tn dng chuyn nhng c th c gi tr chuyn nhng mt phn hay ton b cho mt ngi th hng khc (ngi th hng th hai) theo yu cu ca ngi th hng th nht. Gii thch: Mt th tn dng chuyn nhng c th chuyn nhng mt phn hay ton b gi tr th tn dng cho ngi th hng th hai theo yu cu ca ngi th hng th nht. Nhng ngi th hng th hai khng c quyn chuyn nhng cho bt k ngi th hng no khc, nhng ngi th hng th hai c quyn ti chuyn nhng cho ngi th hng th nht (trong trng hp ny ngi th hng th nht khng c xem l ngi th hng k tip ngi th hng th hai ). - Ngn hng chuyn nhng l mt ngn hng c ch nh chuyn nhng th tn dng hoc trong trng hp th tn dng t do chit khu , ngn hng chuyn nhng l ngn hng c ngn hng pht hnh y quyn chuyn nhng th tn dng v ngn hng chuyn nhng th tn dng . Mt ngn hng pht hnh cng c th l ngn hng chuyn nhng . Gii thch: ny mun ni l ngn hng chuyn nhng c th l mt ngn hng c ch nh chuyn nhng trong th tn dng hoc ngn hng c ngn hng pht hnh y quyn chuyn nhng hoc c th l ngn hng pht hnh. - Vic chuyn nhng th tn dng l vic lm cho th tn dng c gi tr thanh ton cho ngi th hng th hai bi mt ngn hng chuyn nhng . Gii thch: Nu khng c xy ra vic chuyn nhng th tn dng th th tn dng ch c gi tr thanh ton cho ngi th hng th nht m khng lin quan n ngi th hng th hai. Ngc li , c xy ra vic chuyn nhng th tn dng th th tn dng ch c gi tr thanh ton cho ngi th hng th hai m khng lin quan n ngi th hng th nht. Cu hi: 1. Trn th tn dng ( L/C) ghi r c th chuyn nhng (transferable).
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Hi ngi hng li th nht c th ch th chuyn nhng cho ngi th hng khc tr g bng bao nhiu so vi tr gi ca th tn dng ? a. mt phn b. ton b c. a v b ng d. a v b sai 2. Ngn hng chuyn nhng c th l ngn hng no? a. Ngn hng c ch nh chuyn nhng b. Ngn hng c ngn hng pht hnh y quyn chuyn nhng c. Ngn hng pht hnh d. Tt c cc cu trn 3. Ngn hng pht hnh c th lm chc nng chuyn nhng c khng ? a. c b. Khng 4. NH chuyn nhng c ngha v phi thanh ton cho ngi th hng th hai hay khng? a. C b. Khng c. Ty theo tha thun gia NH pht hnh v NH chuyn nhng d. C b v c u ng. Tr li: 1c , 2d , 3a. , 4d
c. Tr khi c tha thun khc ti thi im chuyn nhng, tt c cc ph (nh

th tc ph, tin ph ngn hng, chi ph pht sinh) lin quan n vic chuyn nhng th tn dng do ngi th hng th nht tr. Gii thch: iu ny c ngha l nu ti thi im chuyn nhng khng c tha thun g th tt c cc chi ph lin quan n vic chuyn nhng s do ngi th hng th nht tr. Nu c tha thun v vic chi tr cc khon ph th s lam theo tha thun. Cu hi: Ti thi im chuyn nhng L/C, nh trung gian v nh XK c tha thun l: chi ph NH, v cc chi ph khc s do nh XK tr. Vy trong trng hp ny th ai s l ngi chi tr cc khon ph trn? a. Nh trung gian
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b. Ngi xut khu c. C 2

Tr li: b d. Mt th tn dng c th chuyn nhng cho nhiu hn mt ngi th hng th hai min l th tn dng cho php tr tin hay giao hng tng phn. Mt th tn dng chuyn nhng khng th chuyn nhng theo yu cu ca ngi th hng th hai cho bt c ngi th hng no tip theo.Ngi th hng th nht khng b xem l ngi th hng k tip ngi th hng th hai. Gii thch: Nu l th tn dng cho php tr tin hay giao hng nhiu ln th c php chuyn nhng cho nhiu hn mt ngi th hng th hai.Nhiu hn mt ngi th hng th hai c ngha l : c 1 hoc 2 hoc 3ngi th hng th hai u c v nhng ngi ny u c coi l ngi th hng th hai. Ngi th hng th hai khng c php chuyn nhng cho bt c ngi th hng no tip theo.Ngha l vic chuyn nhng ch cho php thc hin mt ln (ngi th hng th nht chuyn nhng cho ngi th hng th hai). Nhng ngi th hng th hai c th ti chuyn nhng cho ngi th nht(ngha l ngi th hng th nht khng b xem l ngi th hng k tip ca ngi th hng th hai). Cu hi: Ngi hng li th hai chuyn nhng tr gi ca L/C cho ngi hng li th ba hoc chuyn nhng li mt phn tr gi L/C cho hng li th nht c khng? a.Khng th c b. Hin nhin l c Tr li: a
e. Bt c yu cu no v vic chuyn nhng phi quy nh iu kin sa i,

nu c c th thng bo cho ngi th hng th hai.Tn dng c chuyn nhng phi quy nh r nhng iu ny. Gii thch: Bt c s tu chnh sa i no cng phi c thng bo cho ngi th hng th hai. Cu hi:
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+L/C chuyn nhng,giao hng tng phn. + Ngi hng li th nht chuyn nhng mt phn tr gi cho ngi th th hai (cng ty B) v chuyn nhng phn tr gi cn li cho cng ty C. + Ngi th hng th nht ngh tu chnh c cu hng giao trong L/C chuyn nhng cho cng ty B. Hi ngi th hng th nht cn lm g? a. Yu cu ngn hng thng bo nhng tu chnh cho cng ty A v cng ty B. b. Yu cu ngn hng thng bo nhng iu khon sa i cho cng ty B c. Khng cn phi thng bo cho bn no c. Tr li: b Nu mt th tn dng c chuyn nhng cho nhiu hn mt ngi th hng th hai, vic t chi tu chnh ca mt hay nhiu ngi th hng th hai khng lm v hiu ha s chp thun ca ngi th hng th hai khc m i vi h th tn dng chuyn nhng c tu chnh. i vi bt k ngi th hng th hai no t chi chp nhn tu chnh th th tn dng chuyn nhng vn c coi nh cha tu chnh. Gii thch: L/C c th c chuyn nhng cho nhiu mt hay nhiu ngi th hng th hai. Khi sa i L/C th phi thng bo cho ngi hng li bit, ngi hng th hai c th chp nhn hoc t chi sa i. Vic t chi ca mt ngi th hng th hai khng nh hng n vic chp nhn ca nhng ngi th hng th hai cn li. iu ny xut pht t thc t l, c nhng sa i ch ph hp vi mt hoc nhiu ngi th hng th hai, cc ngi th hng th hai cn li khng c nhu cu sa i nh vy, hoc khng th xut trnh chng t theo sa i . Mt nguyn tc chung l, khi ngi th hng th nht chuyn nhng L/C cho pha th ba, th ngi c chuyn nhng s ton quyn thc hin ng cc iu khon v iu kin ca L/C chuyn nhng, ng thi c quyn chp nhn hay t chi nhng sa i . Mi ch hng c chuyn nhng L/C c ngha v v quyn li c lp vi nhau trong cng mt L/C. Vic thc hin L/ C ca ngi ny khng nh hng n vic chp nhn sa i ca ngi hng khc v ngc li. Tuy nhin, nu NHPH hay NHXN (nu c) khng cho php vic chp nhn hay t chi ring l ca tng ngi th hng th hai th phi quy nh r rng trong L/C l mi sa i phi c tt c cc ngi th hng. Cu hi: Mt ngi th hng th nht Singapore chuyn nhng L/C cho mt ngi ngi hng li th hai l A v mt ngi na l B. L/C yu cu thay f.
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i cng giao hng, cng bc cng khc. Ngi A ng nhng ngi B khng ng . Vy vic khng ng ca ngi B c nh hng g n vic ng ca ngi A hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: Nh vy th phn chuyn nhng cho ngi A coi nh c thc hin. Phn chuyn nhng cho ngi B coi nh khng c thc hin. S khng chp nhn ca ngi B khng nh hng g ti s chp nhn ca ngi A bi v hai ngi ny c lp vi nhau. H c ngha v v quyn li ca khc nhau bi v L/C ch chuyn nhng mt phn cho mi ngi m thi. g. Th tn dng chuyn nhng phi phn nh chnh xc cc iu kin v iu khon ca th tn dng, bao gm c s xc nhn nu c, ngoi tr: - S tin - n gi nu trong th tn dng - Ngy ht hn hiu lc - Thi hn xut trnh - Ngy giao hng tr nht hay thi hn giao hng Bt c im no hay tt c cc im trn y u c th c gim xung. Gii thch: Bt k cc iu khon trn c th thay i thng qua vic tu chnh. - T l phn trm ca bo him c th tng ln tng ng t n s tin bo him c quy nh trong th tn dng hoc iu khon ny. Gii thch: T l bo him c th tng ph hp vi s tin bo him theo yu cu ca LC gc. Nu chng t bo him c yu cu theo LC gc khng quy nh t l bo him th s tin bo him c hiu l bng 110% gi tr hng ha. Cu hi: Hy gii p cho trng hp sau y: - Tr gi ca L/C gc l 150.000 USD - Trong L/C gc yu cu phi xut trnh giy chng nhn bo him 110% tr gi ca ha n thng mi; - L/C c chuyn nhng tr gi l 120.000 USD v c thay i v chng t bo him. Hi tnh t l tr gi bo him trong L/C chuyn nhng l bao nhiu? C phi l 110% tr gi ca ha n thng mi khng?
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Tr li: iu 38g UCP 600 nu r: t l bo him c th tng ln t c n s tin bo him c quy nh trong L/C, cho nn t l bo him ca L/C chuyn nhng khng phi l 110%, m l: (150.000USD/120.000USD) X 110% = 137,5 % - Tn ca ngi th hng th nht c th c thay th cho tn ca ngi m th tn dng. Gii thch: Trong trng hp ngi hng li th nht mun gi b mt kinh doanh v khng mun cho ngi hng li th hai bit ai l ngi lm n xin m L/c khi thc hin chuyn nhng th c th ghi tn ca ngi m th tn dng. - Nu th tn dng yu cu ghi tn ca ngi xin m th tn dng trn cc chng t tr ha n th yu cu phi c phn nh trong th tn dng chuyn nhng.a Gii thch: C ngha l yu cu ghi tn ca ngi xin m th tn dng cng s c ghi trong th tn dng chuyn nhng. Trn cc chng t tr ha n ca th tn dng chuyn nhng phi ghi tn ca ngi xin m th tn dng. V nguyn tc ngi hng th hai khi lp chng t s ghi tn ngi mua tc l ngi m TDT . Tuy nhin ngi chuyn nhng c th yu cu ngi hng th hai ghi tn ca mnh vo cc chng t nh l ngi m TDT. Ngi hng th hai phn vn l liu vic hay i tn ngi tr tin nh vy c vi phm nguyn tc lp chng t ca TDT chuyn nhng, hoc c lm thay i ngha v ca ngi m hoc c lm nh hng n vic thanh ton. h. Ngi hng li u tin c quyn thay th ha n v hi phiu ca ngi hng th th hai bng ha n v hi phiu ca mnh vi s tin khng vt qu s tin gc c quy nh trong th tn dng v khi thay th nh vy, ngi hng li th nht c th thu c khon chnh lch nu c gia ha n ca h vi ha n ca ngi hng th th hai. Gii thch: Nu trong th tn dng quy nh s tin gc ca ha n v hi phiu ca ngi hng th th nht l USD20 t v USD 30 t th ngi th hng th nht ch c th thay th ha n v hi phiu ca mnh cho ngi th hng th hai vi s tin ti a l USD20 t v USD 30 t, khng c vt qu sn tin . Cu hi:
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Trong L/C quy nh: s tin trong ha n v hi phiu ca ngi th hng th nht l USD195 t v USD 385 t. Ha n v hi phiu ca ngi th hng th nht c tr gi USD 195 t v USD218 t. Ha n v hi phiu ca ngi th hng th hai c tr gi USD195 t v 298 t. Hi: ha n v hi phiu ny c bt hp l hay khng v ngi hng th t hai c khon chnh lch hay khng, bao nhiu? a. Bt hp l, ngi hng th th nht thu khan chnh lch l USD80 t. b. Khng bt hp l, ngi hng th th nht thu khan chnh lch l USD08 t. c. Khng bt hp l , ngi hng th th nht thu khan chnh lch l USD87 t. d. Tt c iu sai. Tr li: d Nu ngi th hng th nht phi xut trnh ha n v hi phiu nu c nhng khng lm vy trong ln yu cu u tin hoc nu ha n do ngi th hng xut trnh c bt hp l trong khi ha n do ngi th hng th hai xut trnh khng c bt hp l v ngi th hng th nht khng th sa cha n trong yu cu u tin th ngn hng chuyn nhng c quyn xut trnh chng t m n nhn c t ngi th hng th hai n ngn hng pht hnh m khng c trch nhim g vi ngi th hng th nht. Gii thch: hiu c iu ny ta quay li quy trnh thanh ton LC chuyn nhng. Sau khi nh XK gi hng ti a ch quy nh trong LC chuyn nhng th lp b chng t thanh ton gi thng n ngn hng chuyn nhng hoc gi qua ngn hng phc v mnh. Lc ny, NH chuyn nhng s thng bo cho nh trung gian v b chng t nh trung gian thay th ha n v hi phiu (nu c). Nh trung gian s thay th ha n, hi phiu ca mnh (c gi tr bng hoc cao hn gi tr gc ca LC) ri chuyn ti cho NH chuyn nhng. NH chuyn nhng s gi ti NH pht hnh c thanh ton. y, nu NH chuyn nhng nhn thanh ton theo ha n v hi phiu ca ngi th hng th nht th gi tr s cao hn v ngi th hng th nht cng s c li nhiu hn khi xut trnh ha n ca ngi th hng th hai.
i.
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V vy, trong iu ny LC quy nh, nu ngi th hng th hai khng xut trnh ha n hay hi phiu ca mnh trong ln u tin, hay nu c xut trnh nhng c ch khng hp l m khng chnh sa kp trong ln yu cu u tin th NH chuyn nhng c quyn chuyn cho NH pht hnh ha n hp l m n nhn c t ngi th hng th hai. Trong trng hp ny n khng chu bt k khiu ni hay trch nhim g vi ngi th hng th nht. Cu hi: - LC chuyn nhng. - NH chyn nhng yu cu ngi th hng th nht xut trnh b ha n v hi phiu. Ngi th hng th nht lm ng yu cu nhng khi xut trnh li pht hin c im khng hp l nn ngi trung gian mang v sa v s xut trnh ng thi hn. NH chuyn nhng phng nga ri ro nn thng bo cho ngi th hng th hai xut trnh ha n. V ti ngy NH chuyn nhng phi gi ha n v hi phiu cho NH pht hnh m Ngi th hng th nht vn cha chnh sa kp. Lc ny NH chuyn nhng gi ha n ca ngi th hng th hai cho NH pht hnh. Ngi th hng th nht mi khiu ni. Hi: trong trng hp ny ngi th hng th nht c c quyn khiu ni hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b
j.

Ngi th hng th nht c th ghi r trong yu cu chuyn nhng l vic thanh ton hoc chit khu c thc hin cho ngi th hng th hai mt ni m th tn dng c chuyn nhng. iu ny khng nh hng

n quyn li ca ngi th hng th nht theo iu 38h. Gii thch: TDT chuyn nhng c nhng iu kin bt li cho ngi hng th hai. Do vy vic chit khu thng b ngn hng t chi. Bt k thc tin ngi hng th nht mun to thun li cho ch hng bng cch ghi thm yu cu ca mnh trong ch th chuyn nhng l chng t c th c chit khu ti ngn hng ca ngi hng th hai (ngn hng chuyn chng t). Tuy nhin nu TDT gc khng cho php nh vy m li quy nh cu th chit khu ti ngn hng chuyn nhng hoc thanh ton ti ngn hng pht hnh th yu cu ca ngi hng th nht khng c ngn hng chp nhn. Vic chit khu hay thanh ton ca bt k ngn
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hng no i vi b chng t u khng nh hng n quyn c hng khon tin chnh lch ni trn ca ngi hng th nht theo iu.
k. Vic xut trnh chng t bi hoc nhn danh ngi hng th th hai phi

c thc hin ngay ti ngn hng chuyn nhng. Cu hi: Ngi hng th th hai xut trnh chng t th thc hin bi ngn hng no? a. NH thng bo. b. NH chuyn nhng. c. NH pht hnh. d. Tt c iu ng. Tr li: b iu 39: chuyn nhng tin hng xut khu Mt th tn dng khng th chuyn nhng s khng nh hng n quyn ca ngi th hng chuyn nhng khon tin m ngi th hng s nhn hay c quyn c nhn theo th tn dng , ph hp vi nhng quy nh ca php lut hin hnh. iu khon ny ch lin quan n vic chuyn nhng tin hng ch khng phi chuyn nhng quyn thc hin th tn dng. Gii thch: i vi mt th tn dng khng th chuyn nhng, ngi hng li u tin khng c quyn chuyn nhng mt phn hay ton b tr gi L/C cho ngi hng li khc, c ngha l khng c chuyn nhng quyn thc hin th tn dng. Nhng ngi th hng c th c th chuyn nhng khon tin m h nhn c t th tn dng cho ngi hng li th hai min l vic chuyn nhng ny khng tri vi lut hin hnh v thanh ton quc t quc gia .

PHN III: TNG HP CU HI V TNH HUNG PHT SINH iu 27:

1. Trn vn n c nhng ph ch chung chung nh: "bao b dng li second

hand cases", hoc "bao b c th khng thch hp cho vn ti ng bin packaging may not be sufficient for the sea journey"... vi B/L nh vy th c c chp nhn thanh ton hay khng?
a. Chp nhn b. Khng chp nhn
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Tr li: a. Cc ngn hng vn cho rng nhng ph ch khng phi l nhng ph ch xu vn n vn c coi l hp l. V trn B/L khng tuyn b r rng, chnh xc v khuyt tt ca hng ha hoc bao b.
2. Trn vn n c ghi ch clean, sau ch clean c xa i. Hi vn n

ny c b ngn hng t chi thanh ton v khng hon ho hay khng? Tr li: Vn n vn c chp nhn thanh ton v theo iu 27 quy nh t clean khng nht thit phi ghi trn vn trn. Tr trng hp trn B/L c iu khon ghi ch thm l hng ha hoc bao b c khuyt tt, s b t chi thanh ton.

iu 28
28a. 1. Ai l ngi lp v k tn trn cc chng t bo him th c chp nhn thanh ton? a. Cng ty bo him, cc hng bo him, cc i l ca h. b. Ngi c y quyn bi cng ty bo him hoc cc hng bo him. c. Cng ty bo him, cc i l, ngi c y quyn ca h. d. C a, b, c u ng. Tr li: d (theo iu 28a) 2. Chng t bo him do Vn phng mi gii bo him cp v k c c Ngn hng chp nhn thanh ton trong phng thc L/C hay khng? a. C. Nhng vi ii kin Vn phng bo him phi l i l hoc ngi c y quyn ca bo him hay ngi bn bo him. b. C. Khng cn bt k iu kin no. c. Khng c chp nhn thanh ton. Tr li: a (theo iu 28a). Nhng lu khi Vn phng mi gii k tn phi nu r l k thay v i din cho ai? Cho cng ty bo him hay cc hng bo him no? 28c,d Trong cc loi chng t bo him sau th chng t bo him no c chp nhn thanh ton: a. Bo him ng, bo him n. b. Phiu bo him ng, chng nhn bo him. c. Chng nhn bo him, bo him n, hp ng bo him ng. d. Tt c u ng.
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Tr li: c 28e. Cng ty A k hp ng bo him v giao hng cho cng ty B vo th 6 ngy 13/5/2011 nhng do s c k thut nn ngy 14/5/2011 cng ty A mi nhn c hp ng bo him. Vy khi xy ra ri ro cng ty bo him c chp nhn thanh ton cho cng ty A hay khng?
a. C. b. Khng

Tr li: a. 28f(i) Chn p n sai . Trn th tn dng yu cu s tin c bo him l 18900 USD. T gi hin ti USD/VND l 20.Trn chng t bo him phi ghi s tin c bo him l: a. 19800 USD. b. 18900 USD. c. 378000 VND ( 20*18900) . d. a, c. Tr li: d 28f(ii) L/C quy nh: Giy chng nhn bo him ti thiu cho 110% gi tr hng ha. Giy chng nhn xut trnh: ghi hng ha c bo him 130 % gi tr. Hi chng t bo him c c chp nhn thanh ton hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: a (c). V iu 28 mc f(ii) ch quy nh s tin bo him ti thiu ch khng quy dnh mc ti a. 2. Nu th tn dng khng quy nh s tin bo him nhng xc nh c tr gi CIF=1000 USD ca hng ha. Hi: s tin bo him m ngi mua bo him c th yu cu bi thng l: a.1100 b.1200 c.1500 d.a, b, c u ng.
1.
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Tr li: d. V theo iu 28 mc f(ii) quy nh ti thiu 110% tr gi CIF hay CIP ch khng quy nh tr gi ti a. 3. Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau y: Tr gi bo him phi c tnh trn nn tng l gi tr yu cu thanh ton hoc chit khu hay tnh trn tr gi rng ca hng ha c ghi trn ha n khi: a. Xc nh c gi tr CIF hay CIP. b. Khng xc nh c gi tr CIF hay CIP. c. Th tn dng khng ghi r yu cu v s tin bo him. d. b,c ng. Tr li: d. theo iu 28 mc f(ii). 4. Chn cu ng. Trong L/C khng quy nh r yu cu mc bo him hng ha, khi ri ro xy ra do khng xc nh c tr gi CIF v CIP ch bit rng gi tr yu cu thanh ton l A v tr gi rng ca hng ha l B(B<A). Mc yu cu bi thng l: a. Theo A. b. Theo B. c. A,B u ng. d. A, B u sai. Tr li: a. 28f(iii) Trong quy nh: Hng ha dc giao t cng Si Gn n Osaka(Japan). Hng ha phi c giy chng nhn bo him. Vn n xut trnh li th hin: Place of Receipt: ng Nai. Port of Loading: Si Gn. Place of Delivery: Kioto. Port of Discharge: Osaka. Giy chng nhn bo him xut trnh ghi: Ga tr bo him c tnh t cng Si Gn n cng Osaka m thi. Hi: giy chng nhn bo him xut trnh l: a. Bt hp l v khng ghi ni nhn hng v ni giao hng ging vn n. b. Khng bt hp l. Tr li: b. V theo iu 28 mc f(iii), trong trng hp ny chng t bo him th
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hin i im bo him c th l t cng Si Gn n cng Osaka, ph hp vi L/ C quy nh. 28g. L/C quy nh: Xut trnh chng t bo him vi mc bo him ri ro thng thng. Chng t bo him xut trnh: trn khng ghi r bo him rui ro thng thng Vy chng t bo him ny c c coi l bt hp l hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b 28h. Cng ty A mua chng t bo him mi ri ro nhng trn chng t bo him ch c ghi ch mi ri ro m khng c tiu mi ri ro. Hi chng t bo him c c coi l bt hp l hay khng? a. C b. khng Tr li: b 28i. Cng ty A xut trnh chng t bo him khng th hin ch mi ri ro. Li c iu khon min tr khng b. Hi chng t bo him c iu khon min tr c b coi l bt hp l hay khng? a. C b. Khng. Tr li: b 28j. Giy chng nhn bo him ghi: Bi thng s c thc hin khi c 6% tr gi hng ha tr ln b tn tht Mc thit hi theo gim nh ca cng ty bo him l 5.5% tr gi hng ha. Hi cng ty bo him s n b bao nhiu cho ngi ch s hu hng ha. a. Khng bi thng.
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b. C bi thng.

Tr li: a

iu 29:
29a. L/C quy nh: b chng t xut trnh cho NH Agribank mun nht vo ngy 02/9 . Ngy 02/9 (ch nht) l ngy l ca Vit Nam, h thng NH c ngh. Hi b chng t xut trnh vo ngy no th c thanh ton? a. 31/8 b. 03/9 c. 04/9 d. C a v c Tr li: d 29b,c. Ngy giao hng theo quy nh trong L/C l ngy 02/9. Nhng 02/9 ri vo ngy ch nht th bn giao hng c th giao hng vo ngy 03/9 c khng? c b. Khng Tr li: khng (nh iu 29c nu l ngy giao hng chm nht s khng c gia hn nh iu 29a. )
a.

iu 30: 30b. 1. + L/C quy nh: Tr gi thanh ton 15000 USD. + M t hng ha trong L/C: 10 MT Coffee. Ha n thng mi xut trnh ghi :
-

Tr gi: 15000USD Khi lng hng : 10,5 MT Coffee ( MT y c ngha l tn) Hi b chng t c hp l khng? a. C b. Khng

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Tr li: a 2. + L/C quy nh : Tr gi thanh ton 15000 USD + Hng ha giao: 100 set (b) TV Ha n thng mi ghi: -Tr gi thanh ton: 15000 USD - S lng TV: 104 set (b) Hi b chng t c hp l khng? a. c b. khng Tr li: b 3. Tr gi L/C: 510.000USD n Gi: 510 USD/MT S lng: 1000MT Trong ha n thng mi ( C 4 trng hp) ghi: V. 1001 MT- 500 USD/MT VI. 995MT 500USD/MT VII.1000MT- 511USD/MT VIII. 1005MT- 510 USD/MT Trng hp no sau y hp l? Trng hp no bt hp l? a. I v IV hp l b. I v II v III hp l c. III v IV khng hp l d. Khng c p n ng! Tr li: c

iu 31:
1. L/C qui nh: cho php giao hng tng phn Hng c giao t bt k cng no. Hng ha l xe ti Huynhdai, s lng 25 chic. Nh XK HQ xut trnh cc vn n: TH1 TH2

TH3

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V 1: Cp 07/02/2009, s xe :10 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, tu Hanjin IV. V 2: Cp 10/02/2009, s xe: 5 chic, t cng Ulsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin IV. V 3: Cp 15/02/2009, s xe: 10 chic, t cng Qung Chu n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin IV.

V 1: Cp 07/02/2010, s xe :10 chic, giao hng t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin II. V 2: Cp 07/02/2010, s xe: 5 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin III. V 3: Cp 07/02/2010 s xe: 10 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin IV.

V 1: Cp 07/02/2010, s lng :10 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin II. V 2: Cp 10/02/2010, s lng: 05 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin III. V 3: Cp 15/02/2010 s lng: 10 chic, t cng Bunsan n cng SG, trn tu Hanjin II.

1/ Trng hp no c xem l giao hng tng phn: a. TH1, TH2 b. TH2 c. TH3 d. C 3 u sai Tr li: b 2. Ngy giao hng trong TH3 l ngy no?
a. 07/02/2010 b. 10/02/2010 c. 15/02/2010

Tr li: c

iu 32:
Cng ty A ti Vit Nam xut khu go cho Hn Quc.Trong L/C cho php giao hng tng phn v quy nh nh sau:
-

Chuyn 1: Giao 10.000 MT go ,ngy mun nht l ngy 04/03/2010 Chuyn 2: Giao 10.000MT go, ngy mun nht l ngy 04/04/2010 Chuyn 3: Giao 15.000MT go, ngy mun nht l ngy 04/07/2010 Chuyn 4: Giao 5.000MT go ,ngy mun nht l ngy 04/12/2010 Cng ty A khng kp thc hin chuyn giao hng th 2.Sau cng ty A thc hin hon chnh chuyn giao hng th 3. Hi b chng t do Cng ty

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A xut trnh c c chp nhn thanh ton khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b. khng chp nhn thanh ton cho ln v th tn dng khng cn gi tr di ln v nhng ln tip theo.

iu 33:
Ngn hng ng ca vo lc 17h chiu, nhng NH vn c 1 vi nhn vin cha v. Ngi hng th xut trnh chng t vo lc 17h10 pht chiu. Hi Nhn vin NH x l th no v b chng t xut trnh trn?
a. Khng nhn b. Nhn c. Ty tng nhn vin d. Tt c u sai

Tr li: c. Ty vo nhn vin NH. C th tip nhn hoc khng.

iu 34:
1. Ngi hng li xut trnh cc chng t m t hng ha khng trung thc

(mt s phn b m t, ng gi khng ng quy cch, khi lng thiu,). V khi nhn hng, nh nhp khu mi pht hin s khng trung thc ny. Hi NH pht hnh L/C hoc NH ch nh phi chu trch nhim lin i nh th no khi NH thanh ton xong cho ngi hng li? Tr li: NH s khng chu bt k trch nhim no v theo iu khon 34 UCP 600 nu r.
2. NH pht hnh yu cu NH xc nhn kim tra tnh xc thc v hp l ca b

chng t do cng ty MTV gi n. Sau khi kim tra NH xc nhn thy hp l v ng thanh ton cho cng ty MTV. Nhng sau ngi NH pht hnh pht hin b chng t l gi v t chi thanh ton li cho NH xc nhn? Theo bn trong trng hp trn NH xc nhn c b mt khon tin thanh ton khng? a. C b. Khng
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Tr li: b. V theo quy nh ca iu 34 (v 12), UCP 600 NH xc nhn khng phi chu trch nhim g c.

iu 35:
1. Nu d liu thng tin c gi bng fax, telex,swift b mt hoc khng c

chuyn ht ni dung, b ct xn th NH s chu trch nhim. ng hay sai? Tr li: sai 2. -NH c ch nh kim tra b chng t v xc nh b chng t thanh ton hp l. -NH chuyn giao chng t n NH pht hnh thng qua cng ty pht chuyn nhanh A. -Cng ty pht chuyn nhanh A lm tht lc chng t thanh ton. Hi NH pht hnh c thanh ton tin li cho ngn c ch nh hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: a. Theo iu khon 35 UCP 600 nu r nu ngn hng c ch nh khng nh l chng t xut trnh ph hp v chuyn chng t n ngn hng pht hnh hoc ngn hng xc nhn th d ngn hng c ch nh thanh ton hay chit khu chng t ri hay cha, th ngn hng pht hnh hoc ngn hng xc nhn vn phi thanh ton hay chit khu li cho ngn hng c ch nh, ngay c khi b chng t thanh ton b tht lc trong qu trnh chuyn giao t ngn hng c ch nh n ngn hng pht hnh hoc ngn hng xc nhn . 3. Nhn vin ngn hng A gii thch hoc dch sai ni dung ca L/C, gy chm tr cho vic xut trnh chng t hp l ca cng ty hng li. Hi ngn hng A c phi chu trch nhim lin i nh th no?
a. Khng chu trch nhim g c b. Phi chu mi trch nhim lin quan c. Ty vo ngi hng li quyt nh

Tr li: a. Ngn hng A khng chu trch nhim gi c v iu khon 35 UCP 600
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nu r Ngn hng khng c ngha v hoc trch nhim v cc sai st trong dch thut hoc gii thch cc thut ng chuyn mn.

iu 36:
Ngy xut trnh chng t mun nht ca cng ty UR theo quy nh ca L/C l ngy 8/7. Nhng ngy 8/7 NH ng ca v b ha hon. Do vy, cng ty UR khng th xut trnh, n 2 ngy sau tc ngy 10/7 NH hot ng tr li bnh thng cng ty UR mi xut trnh b chng t. Vy NH s: a. Khng chp nhn thanh ton. b. Thanh ton c. Chp nhn thanh ton d. Ty theo 2 bn tha thun Tr li: c (v trong iu 36 c ni l khi ngn hng hot ng tr li th NH s khng thanh ton ng hn nhng ngn hng phi chp nhn thanh ton nhng khng m bo thi hn nh trong L/C quy nh. )

iu 37:
37a. Khi thc hin ch th ca ngi m th tn dng, tn cc chi ph sau: pht hnh th tn dng, in ph, bu ph, ph thng bo. Hi ai s l ngi tr cc chi ph trn? a. NH b. Ngi yu cu m th tn dng. c. Ty theo 2 bn tha thun Tr li: b 37b. NH pht hnh ch nh ngn hng thng bo v chuyn L/C n cho NH thng bo. NH thng bo gi L/C lc a ch khin ngi hng li (nh xut khu) khng giao hng, gy thit hi cho ngi mua (nh nhp khu). Hi NH pht hnh chu trch nhim php l th no? NH pht hnh c n b thit hi cho ngi lm n xin m L/C khng? a. C b. Khng
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Tr li: b. Trong trng hp ny NH pht hnh ch ng la chn ngn hng thng bo nhng NH thng bo li khng hon thnh ngha v dn n gy thit hi cho nh nhp khu. Theo mc b iu 37 UCP: NH pht hnh khng c nhim v php l trong trng hp ny v cng khng c trch nhim n b thit hi cho nh nhp khu.

iu 38:
38a. Trong L/C quy nh Ngn hng Vietcombank l ngn hng chuyn (Transferring bank). Hi ngn hng Vietcombank c b buc l ngn hng chuyn nhng L/C theo yu cu ca ngi th hng th nht hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b 38b. 1. Trn th tn dng ( L/C) ghi r c th chuyn nhng (transferable). Hi ngi hng li th nht c th ch th chuyn nhng cho ngi th hng khc tr g bng bao nhiu so vi tr gi ca th tn dng ? a. mt phn b. ton b c. a v b ng d. a v b sai 2. Ngn hng chuyn nhng c th l ngn hng no? a. Ngn hng c ch nh chuyn nhng b. Ngn hng c ngn hng pht hnh y quyn chuyn nhng c. Ngn hng pht hnh d. Tt c cc cu trn 3. Ngn hng pht hnh c th lm chc nng chuyn nhng c khng ? d. c e. Khng 4. NH chuyn nhng c ngha v phi thanh ton cho ngi th hng th hai hay khng? a. C b. Khng c. Ty theo tha thun gia NH pht hnh v NH chuyn nhng d. C b v c u ng.
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GV: PHAN CHUNG THY

Tr li: 1c , 2d , 3a. , 4d 38c. Ti thi im chuyn nhng L/C, nh trung gian v nh XK c tha thun l: chi ph NH, v cc chi ph khc s do nh XK tr. Vy trong trng hp ny th ai s l ngi chi tr cc khon ph trn? a. Nh trung gian b. Ngi xut khu c. C 2 Tr li: b 38d. Ngi hng li th hai chuyn nhng tr gi ca L/C cho ngi hng li th ba hoc chuyn nhng li mt phn tr gi L/C cho hng li th nht c khng? a.Khng th c b. Hin nhin l c Tr li: a. tr khi ngi hng li th hai ti chuyn nhng cho ngi hng li th nht th mi c chp nhn. 38e. +L/C chuyn nhng,giao hng tng phn. + Ngi hng li th nht chuyn nhng mt phn tr gi cho ngi th th hai (cng ty B) v chuyn nhng phn tr gi cn li cho cng ty C. + Ngi th hng th nht ngh tu chnh c cu hng giao trong L/C chuyn nhng cho cng ty B. Hi ngi th hng th nht cn lm g? a. Yu cu ngn hng thng bo nhng tu chnh cho cng ty A v cng ty B. b. Yu cu ngn hng thng bo nhng iu khon sa i cho cng ty B c. Khng cn phi thng bo cho bn no c. Tr li: b 38f. Mt ngi th hng th nht Singapore chuyn nhng L/C cho mt ngi ngi hng li th hai l A v mt ngi na l B. L/C yu cu thay i cng giao hng, cng bc cng khc. Ngi A ng nhng ngi B khng ng . Vy vic khng ng ca ngi B c nh hng g n vic ng ca
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GV: PHAN CHUNG THY

ngi A hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b. Nh vy th phn chuyn nhng cho ngi A coi nh c thc hin. Phn chuyn nhng cho ngi B coi nh khng c thc hin. S khng chp nhn ca ngi B khng nh hng g ti s chp nhn ca ngi A bi v hai ngi ny c lp vi nhau. H c ngha v v quyn li ca khc nhau bi v L/C ch chuyn nhng mt phn cho mi ngi m thi. 38g. Hy gii p cho trng hp sau y: - Tr gi ca L/C gc l 150.000 USD - Trong L/C gc yu cu phi xut trnh giy chng nhn bo him 110% tr gi ca ha n thng mi; - L/C c chuyn nhng tr gi l 120.000 USD v c thay i v chng t bo him. Hi tnh t l tr gi bo him trong L/C chuyn nhng l bao nhiu? C phi l 110% tr gi ca ha n thng mi khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b. iu 38g UCP 600 nu r: t l bo him c th tng ln t c n s tin bo him c quy nh trong L/C, cho nn t l bo him ca L/C chuyn nhng khng phi l 110%, m l: (150.000USD/120.000USD) X 110% = 137,5 % 38h. Trong L/C quy nh: s tin trong ha n v hi phiu ca ngi th hng th nht l USD195 t v USD 385 t. Ha n v hi phiu ca ngi th hng th nht c tr gi USD 195 t v USD218 t. Ha n v hi phiu ca ngi th hng th hai c tr gi USD195 t v 298 t. Hi: ha n v hi phiu ny c bt hp l hay khng v ngi hng th t hai c khon chnh lch hay khng, bao nhiu? a. Bt hp l, ngi hng th th nht thu khan chnh lch l USD80 t. b. Khng bt hp l, ngi hng th th nht thu khan chnh lch l
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GV: PHAN CHUNG THY

USD08 t. c. Khng bt hp l , ngi hng th th nht thu khan chnh lch l USD87 t. d. Tt c iu sai. Tr li: d 38i. - LC chuyn nhng. - NH chyn nhng yu cu ngi th hng th nht xut trnh b ha n v hi phiu. Ngi th hng th nht lm ng yu cu nhng khi xut trnh li pht hin c im khng hp l nn ngi trung gian mang v sa v s xut trnh ng thi hn. NH chuyn nhng phng nga ri ro nn thng bo cho ngi th hng th hai xut trnh ha n. V ti ngy NH chuyn nhng phi gi ha n v hi phiu cho NH pht hnh m Ngi th hng th nht vn cha chnh sa kp. Lc ny NH chuyn nhng gi ha n ca ngi th hng th hai cho NH pht hnh. Ngi th hng th nht mi khiu ni. Hi: trong trng hp ny ngi th hng th nht c c quyn khiu ni hay khng? a. C b. Khng Tr li: b 38k. Ngi hng th th hai xut trnh chng t th thc hin bi ngn hng no? a.NH thng bo. b.NH chuyn nhng. c.NH pht hnh. d.Tt c iu ng. Tr li: b

HT

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MC LC
PHN I: GII THIU S LC V ICC v UCP 600
I. VI NT V PHNG THNG MI QUC T ICC II. VI NT KHI QUT V UCP 600

PHN II: NI DUNG CA UCP 600 (T iu 27 n iu 39) iu 27: Vn n hon ho iu 28: Chng t bo him v cc hnh thc bo him iu 29: Gia hn ngy ht hn hiu lc hay ngy cui cng xut trnh chng t iu 30: Dung sai ca s tin, s lng v n gi iu 31: Thanh ton hoc Giao hng tng phn iu 32: Thanh ton giao hng nhiu ln iu 33: Gi xut trnh chng t iu 34: S min trch v hiu lc chng t iu 35: Min tr trch nhim trong vic chuyn in v dch thut iu 36: Bt kh khng iu 37: T b trch nhim v hnh ng ca bn c ch th iu 38: Th tn dng chuyn nhng iu 39: Chuyn nhng tin hng thu c PHN III: TNG HP CU HI V TNH HUNG PHT SINH

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UCP 600 (IU 27-39)

GV: PHAN CHUNG THY

TI LIU THAM KHO

Gio trnh THANH TON QUC T (Ch bin: PGS.TS. Trn Hong

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