Cu 1:Cc lnh vc ng dng ca SCADA ?

Tr li: - H thng SCADA ng dng hiu qu nht trong vn t ng ho iu khin qu trnh lin tc v phn b. -Cng ngh du kh. -iu khin sn xut, truyn ti v phn phi in nng . -Cung cp nc, lm sch nc v phn phi nc. -iu khin nhng i tng v tr; -iu khin trong giao thng (tt c cc dng giao thng: hng khng, ng st, ng b, ng thu, tu in ngm). -Vin thng. -Qun s. Cu 2: S phn cp qun l ca h SCADA? Tr li: c chia ra lm 3 cp: Cp 1: -Phn t c chc nng gim st cc thng s vn hnh ca li, - iu khin ra lnh cho cc phn t ng ct, ghi chp phn tch cc s c xy tra trn li:cch li,my ct,Atomat. Cp 2: Cp th 2 ca h thng SCADA l cc iu khin cc trm v thit b u cui RTU c chc nng ch yu l thu thp d liu t cc IEC,lu li d liu trong my tnh ca trm ch,phc v cho vic c d liu qua cc giao tip ngi my v truyn d liu thu thp c ln cp qun ly cao hn theo cc chun truyn tin.(chun sinh ra c tnh lp ln) Cp 3: Cp th 3 l trung tm iu khin ton h thng,ni thc hin,thu thp s liu t c trm iu khin v cc RTU.thc hin cc chc nng tnh ton nh gi trng thi ca h thng,d bo nhu cu ph ti v thc hin cc chc nng iu khin quan trng nh phn phi cng sut gia cc nh my in,ln k hoch vn hnh cho cc h thng in. Cu 3: Trnh by cc yu cu chung ca h thng scada (cc chc nng ca h thng scada)? Tr li: Mt h thng SCADA chun phi cung cp c cc chc nng sau: Chc nng gim st Gim st v m bo c tnh chnh xc ton b cc thng s vn hnh ca h thng nh dng in, in p, cng sut, tn s, v tr nc ca my bin p, Gim st c cc trng thi ca cc phn t ng ct trong h thng. l trng thi ng/m ca my ct, dao cch ly, dao tip a Chc nng iu khin Qu trnh iu khin phi chnh xc, tin cy. Trong qu trnh thc hin cc thao tc ng/m my ct, dao cch ly, iu khin chuyn nc phn p ca my bin p, t xa ( t Trung tm iu vng/min hoc quc gia phi m bo tuyt i tin cy, khng c nhm ln, c ngha l cc thao tc phi c gim st cht ch v tnh lin ng phi hp gia my ct, dao cch ly v cc thit b lin quan tun theo quy trnh quy phm vn hnh ca h thng. Ci t thng s t xa. Khi c s thay i v cu trc ca li hoc nng cao cng sut chng qu ti th cc thng s vn hnh ca li v thit b s thay i, v vy ta cn phi t li cc thng s chnh nh bo v r le hoc thay i t s bin i trong cc thit b o m nh ng h v cng t cho ph hp vi thc t. Vic ci t ny c th c thc hin t xa ti cc Trung tm iu vung/min hoc quc gia Qun l v lu tr d liu

Gim st c cc s c xy ra trn li cng nh ca cc thit b, cnh bo s c bng m thanh, mu sc hoc thng bo trn mn hnh hin th, ghi li c cc chui s kin, s c xy ra v xc nh chun on s c. Tt c cc chc nng trn ca h thng phi c bo mt mc cao nht v tuyt i tin cy. Tnh nng thi gian thc SCADA l mt h thng iu khin gim st v thu thp d liu trong thi gian thc, do tnh nng thi gian ca h thng l rt cn thit v quan trng. S hot ng bnh thng ca h thng k thut ni chung, h thng in ni ring lm vic trong thi gian thc khng ch ph thuc vo chnh xc, ng n ca cc kt qu u ra, m cn ph thuc vo thi im a ra kt qu. m bo tnh nng thi gian thc, mt h thng Bus phi c nhng c im sau : 1) nhy nhanh: Tc truyn thng tin hu ch phi nhanh p ng nhu cu trao i d liu trong mt gii php c th 2) Tnh tin nh: D on trc c v thi gian phn ng tiu biu v thi gian phn ng chm nht vi yu cu ca tng trm. 3) tin cy, kp thi: m bo tng thi gian cn cho vic vn chuyn d liu mt cch tin cy gia cc trm nm trong mt khong xc nh. 4) Tnh bn vng: C kh nng x l s c mt cch thch hp khng gy thit hi thm cho ton b h thng. Cu 4: Anh (ch) hy v s mt h thng SCADA c ban v nu tn cc khi trong s ? Tr li: S ca mt h thng SCADA c bn l:

Cc khi trong s : + Trm iu khin trung tm + Cu trc truyn thng + Giao din Ngi My HMI + Cc thit b in t thng minh IED + Cu trc thit b u cui RTU + Khi iu khin lp trnh PLC Cu 5: Thit b IED l g? Trnh by nhim v v chc nng ca IED trong h SCADA ? Tr li : IEDs l cc thit b nh rowle k thut s DR (Digital relay),ng h k thut a chc nng DMM,cng t in t nhiu biu gi,cc b bin i T (Transducer),....c nhng chc nng v nhim v sau : - Bo v tc ng khi sy ra s c - Biu th trng thi ca cc phn t ng ct ca li :trng thi ng m ca my ct v dao cch ly,v nc phn p ca my bin p... - iu khin cc thit b ng ct ca li - Ghi li cc s c,s kin sy ra trn li

- Kim tra tnh trng hot ng ca bn thn chng Ngy nay cc IEDs hin i c trang b cng truyn tin ni tip hoc cng truyn thng tin quang.Thng qua cc ng truyn thng tin chng c ni h thng trm ch v cc d liu ca chng c kim sot,x l. Mt s IEDs thng dng l: rle k thut s,cng t in t nhiu biu gi. Cu 6: RTU l g? Nu cu trc c bn phn cng RTU ? Tr li: Thit b u cui RTU l mt thit b thu thp thng tin t cc IEDs do n qun l, lu vo c s d liu v gi thng tin ti trm ch hoc cp qun l cao hn qua cc ng truyn tin. Thng thng, RTU l thit b x l thng minh c th gim st v iu khin cc thit b t xa trung tm iu khin v truyn cc tn hiu thu thp c n trung tm iu khin. Mt RTU loi nh thng c t hn 20 tn hiu s v tng t, loi RTU trung bnh c 100 tn hiu s v khong t 30 n 40 tn hiu tng t. Nhng loi RTU c s lng IO ln hn na th c gi l RTU loi ln. Cu trc phn cng c bn ca RTU bao gm: main

Central bus

Central

Non Volatile memory Volatile memory

240V AC source

Power Processing Supply Unit

Analog Output module

Analog Input module

Digital Input module

Digital Output module

-B x l trung tm CPU (Central Processing Unit) -Cc u vo tng t AI ( Analog Input) -Cc u ra tng t AO( Analog Output) -Cc u vo m -Cc u vo s DI ( Digital Input) -Cc u ra s DO ( Digital Output ) -Giao din truyn thng; -Ngun cp.(Power supply) Cu 7: Trm ch l g?trnh by cu trc v chc nng ca mt tram ch? Tr li:

Cu trc ca mt trm ch: Cu trc c bn ca mt trm ch bao gm mt hoc nhiu trm lm vic,trm ngh lin kit vi nhau bng 1 mng lan,v cc h thng truyn thng nh cc moodem v cc thit b thu pht sng radio.Thng thng ngi ta s dng h thng PLC c t trm ch v v tr t thit b u cui iu khin i tng Cc chc nng chnh ca mt trm ch bao gm:thu thp d liu t cc RTUs cc trm con ,iu khin cc thit b chuyn dng thng qua cc trm vn hnh hoc cc trm ngh. S cu trc 1 trm ch nh sau:

Trm thu pht radio modem modem

RS_232 Thit b giao tip ti M Trm lm vic My in tc cao

Trm ngh

Cc cng giao tip Thit b ghi

Mang lan PLC

Cng giao tp PLC ( c c knh truyn)

Cu 8:ng dng SCADA trong gim st li in h th tha mn nhng muc tiu no? Tr li: Mng SCADA gim st li din h th,trong su th pht trin hin nay,ngoi chc nng gim st v thu thp s l d liu,cn phi gp phn tha mn nhng mc tiu sau: - m bo tnh lien tc ca li in h th - Ti u ha cc ngun ti nguyn cng nh cht lng bo tr - Nng cao cht lng in nng - m bo an ton li h th

Cu 9: V v gii thch s SCADA ng dng cho mt nh my in? Tr li: S m t h thng SCADA cho mt nh my in nh sau:

Cp gim st v qun l i PC
Gim st ti nh my qua mng ni b Gim st t xa qua mng
Internet

Gi PC

ROUTER

ROUTER

Cp iu khin

PC

Trm lm vic iu khin gim st

PC

Trm lm vic iu khin gim st

SWITCH

Cp trng B iu khin

Thit b chp hnh

Thit b o

thch s :

Thng thng s m t h thng SCADA cho mt nh my in c chia lm 3 cp: 1) Cp vn hnh(cp trng) Cp vn hnh l cp cc k s,cng nhn vn hnh,theo di hot ng ca thit b,cc thng s theo quy trnh cng ngh t ra. 2) Cp iu khin(dt ti phng iu khin) Cp iu khin l cp cc k s iu khin t ng s gim st,iu khin cc thng s,tnh trng ca cc thit b v ton b dy truyn sn xut theo quy trnh t ra bng thao tc,theo di trn bng thng s,mn hnh hin th v iu khin qua giao din phn mm HMI hay mn iu khin OP. 3) Cp gim st,qun l i vi cp gim st qun l c hai hnh thc tng ng nhau l: Gim st ti nh my(ti nh vn hnh): Nhn qun l s theo di cc thng s,tnh trng thit b v ton b hot ng ca day truyn sn xut theo yu cu qua giao din my tnh c kt ni trc tip vi phng iu khin qua c th nm c tnh hnh sn xut,tnh trng vt t thit b,ln k hoch sn xut,truyn ti, Gim st t xa(ti trung tm):Ti trung tm tng cng ty,nh qun l ti y c th theo di,gim st mi hot ng ca nh my thng qua my tnh c kt ni t xa qua mng.t c k hoch sn xut,iu bn hng v nhp hng. Cu 10: Thng tin trong h thng SCADA c truyn i bng cch s dng cc mng thng tin no? Tr li: Cc mng thng tin c s dng trong h thng SCADA: Mng in thoi c nh (ra i sm trc mng Internet) c s dng truyn tn hiu trong h thng in,khng tun theo cc quy lut ca mng Internet. Mng khng dy,wifi Mng my tnh,Internet,mng LAN