BI TP XC NH CTPT CA HCHC

Cch 1:
- T m H2O , mCO2 , m N2 xc nh mH, mC, mN hoc %H, %C, %N
- Xc nh CTGN: Tm t l C:H:O:N suy ra CTGN
mC m H mO m N
%C % H %O % N
:
:
:
:
:
:
hoc x : y : z : t =
= : : :
12 1 16 14
12
1
16 14
- Tm MA suy ra CTPT
Cch 2:
- Tm th tch hoc s mol cc cht tng ng ri th vo phn ng chy tng qut.
- Phn ng chy tng qut:
y
y
C x H y + ( x + )O2 xCO2 + H 2 O
4
2
y z
y
C x H y Oz + ( x + ) O2 xCO2 + H 2O
4 2
2
y
y
t
C x H y N t + ( x + ) O2 xCO2 + H 2 O + N 2
4
2
2
y z
y
t
C x H y Oz N t + ( x + ) O2 xCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2
2
2
- T s mol cc cht tm c x, y, t.
- T MA suy ra CTPT
x:y:z:t=

Bi 10. t chy hon ton 2,85 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy ch c
CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng 44 : 15.
1. Xc nh CTGN ca X.
2. Xc nh CTPT ca X bit rng th khi hi ca X i vi C2H6 l 3,80.
Bi 11. HCHC A c thnh phn phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t nh sau: C chim 24,24%; H chim 4,04%;
Cl chim 71,72%.
1. Xc nh CTGN ca A.
2. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A i vi CO2 l 2,25.
Bi 12. Tm CTPT cht hu c trong mi trng hp sau:
1. t chy hon ton 10 g hp cht, thu c 33,85 g CO2 v 6,94 g H2O. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi
KK l 2,69.
2. t chy 0,282 g hp cht v cho cc sn phm sinh ra i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2 khan v KOH thy
bnh ng CaCl2 khan tng thm 0,194 g, bnh KOH tng thm 0,80 g. Mt khc t chy 0,186 g cht ,
thu c 22,4 ml nit ( ktc). Phn t ch cha mt nguyn t nit.
Bi 13. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 g CO2 v 0,09 g H2O. Khi xc
nh clo trong lng cht bng dd AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 g AgCl.
Bi 14. Phn tch mt HCHC cho thy: c 2,1 phn khi lng C li c 2,8 phn khi lng O v 0,35 phn khi
lng H. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c trn bit 1,00 g hi cht ktc chim th tch 373,3 cm3.
Bi 15. t chy hon ton 0,9 g HCHC A thu c 1,32 g CO2 v 0,54 g H2O. T khi ca A so vi H2 l 45.
Xc nh CTPT ca A.
Bi 16. t chy hon ton 100 ml hi cht A cn 250 ml oxi to ra 200 ml CO2 v 200 ml hi H2O. Xc nh
CTPT ca A, bit th tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.
Bi 17. Khi t 1 lt kh A cn 5 lt oxi sau p thu c 3 lt CO2 v 4 lt hi H2O. Xc nh CTPT ca A, bit th
tch cc kh o cng k v nhit v p sut.
Bi 18. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d cn
trng. Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l oxi. Lp
CTGN, CTPT ca metylgenol.
Bi 19: Xc nh CTPT ca mi cht trong cc trng hp sau:
a.
Tnh phn nguyn t: 85,8%C; 14,2%H; d A/H2 = 28
b.

51,3%C; 9,4%H; 12%N; 27,3%O; dA/KK = 4,035

S: C4H8; C5H11O2N

Bi 20: Tm CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau:

a.

t chy 0,6g cht hu c A th thu c 0,88g CO2 v 0,36g H2O v d A/H2 = 30

b.
t chy 7g cht hu c B th thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (kc) v 9g H2O. Khi lng ring ca B kc l
1,25g/l
c.
t chy hon ton 10g cht hu c C thu c 33,85g CO2 v 6,94g H2O. T khi hi ca C so vi
khng kh l 2,69.
S: C2H4O2; C2H4; C6H6
Bi 21: t chy hon ton m(g) mt Hydrocacbon A th thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (kc) v 3,6g H2O.
a.
Tnh m v % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ?
b.
Xc nh CTGN; CTPT ca A bit d A/H2 = 8
S: 1,6g; 75%; 25%; CH4
Bi 22: Tm CTGN v CTPT ca mi cht trong tng trng hp sau:
a.
t chy 0,176g hp cht A sinh ra 0,352g CO2 v 0,144g H2O. Bit dA/KK = 1,52.
b.
Phn tch 0,31g cht hu c B (C; H; N) th thu c 0,12g C v 0,05g H. Bit d B/H2 = 15,5
c.
Phn tch cht hu c D th thy c 3 phn khi lng C th c 0,5 phn khi lng H v 4 phn khi
lng O. Bit d D/H2 = 30
S: C2H4O; CH5N; C2H4O2
Bi 23: t chy hon ton 0,9g mt cht hu c c thnh phn gm cc nguyn t C, H, O ngi ta thu c
1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O. Khi lng phn t cht l 180vC. Hy xc nh CTPT ca cht hu c ni trn ?
S: C6H12O6
Bi 24: t chy hon ton 5,2g hp cht hu c A ri cho sn phm ln lt qua bnh H2SO4 th khi lng
bnh tng 1,8g v qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 15g kt ta. Xc nh CTPT ca A bit d A/O2 = 3,25
S: C3H4O4
Bi 25: t chy hon ton mt lng Hydrocacbon A ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng
H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 0,36g v bnh hai c
2g kt ta trng.
a.
Tnh % khi lng cc nguyn t trong A ?
b.
Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 0,965 ?
c.
Nu ta thay i th t hai bnh trn th tng khi lng mi bnh ra sao sau th nghim ?
S: 85,71%; 14,29%; C2H4; tng 1,24g v khng i
Bi 26: t chy hon ton 10,4g hp cht hu c (A) ri cho ton b sn phm ln lt qua bnh mt ng
H2SO4 ri qua bnh hai ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh mt tng 3,6g v bnh hai c
30g kt ta trng. Khi ha hi 5,2g (A) thu c mt th tch ng bng th tch ca 1,6g kh O 2 cng iu kin
nhit v p sut. Xc nh CTPT ca (A) ?
S: C3H4O4
Bi 27: t chy 0,45g cht hu c A ri cho ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 112 cm3
N2 (kc) thot ra khi bnh, khi lng bnh tng 1,51g v c 2g kt ta trng.
a.
Xc nh CTN v CTPT ca A bit rng 0,225g A khi th kh chim mt th tch ng bng th tch
chim bi 0,16g O2 o cng iu kin ?
b.
Tnh khi lng Oxy cn cho phn ng chy ni trn ?
S: C2H7N; 1,2g
Bi 28: t chy hon ton 3,2g mt cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d thy khi
lng bnh tng 13,44g v c 24g kt ta. Bit dA/KK = 1,38. Xc nh CTPT ca A ?
S: C3H4
Bi 29: t chy hon ton 0,6g cht hu c A ri cho sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d thy c 2g kt
ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24g.
a.
Tm CTN ca A ?
b.
Tm CTPT ca A bit 3g A c th tch bng th tch ca 1,6g O2 trong cng iu kin ? S: C2H4O2
Bi 30: t chy hon ton 2,46g cht hu c A ri dn sn phm qua bnh mt cha H2SO4 v bnh hai cha
Ca(OH)2 d thy thot ra 224ml N2 (kc) v khi lng bnh mt tng 0,9g v khi lng bnh hai tng 5,28g.
a.
Tm CTN ca A ?
b.
Tm CTPT ca A bit dA/KK = 4,242 ?
S: C6H5O2N

PHN TRC NGHIM

Cu 1. t chy hon ton m(g) cht hu c A cha C, H, O khi lng sn phm chy l P(g). Cho ton b sn
phm ny qua dung dch nc vi trong c d th sau cng thu c t gam kt ta, bit P = 0,71t v t
=(m+p)/1,02. Xc nh CTPT ca A?
A. C2H6O2
B. C2H6O
C. C3H8O3
D. C3H8O
Cu 2. t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c hn hp sn
phm Y gm: CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z (c t khi
hi vi H2 l 20,4).Xc nh cng thc phn t X. Bit th tch cc kh u o ktc.
A. C2H5ON
B. C2H5O2N
C. C2H7ON
D. C2H7O2N
Cu 3. t chy hon ton 1,12g cht hu c A, ri cho hp th ton b sn phm chy trong dung dch Ba(OH) 2
d thy khi lng bnh cha tng 3,36g. Bit rng s mol CO 2 gp 1,5 ln s mol ca nc. CTPT ca A l:
(bit A c 1 nguyn t oxi trong phn t):
A. C3H8O
B. CH2O
C. C4H10O
D. C3H6O
Cu 4. Khi phn tch a(g) cht hu c A cha C, H, O thy tng khi lng 2 nguyn t cacbon v hiro l 0,46g.
Nu t chy hon ton a(g) cht A cn va 0,896 lt O2 ( ktc). Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh
cha dung dch NaOH d, thy chng b hp th hon ton v khi lng bnh cha tng thm 1,9g. Cng
thc phn t ca A l : A. C6H6O2
B. C6H6O
C. C7H8O
D. C7H8O2
Cu 5. t chy 0,45g cht hu c A ri cho ton b sn phm qua bnh ng nc vi trong d th c 112 cm3 N2
(kc) thot ra khi bnh, khi lng bnh tng 1,51g v c 2g kt ta trng.Cng thc phn t ca A l :
A. C4H14N2
B.C2H7N
C. C2H5N
D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 6. t chy hon ton 1,48g cht hu c A dng 2,016 lt oxi (ktc) th thu c hn hp kh c thnh phn
nh sau: VCO2 = 3VO2 v mCO2 = 2,444mH2O. Tm cng thc phn t ca A bit khi ho hi 1,85g A chim th
tch bng th tch ca 0,8g oxi cng iu kin.
A. C4H10O
B. C2H2O3
C.C3H6O2
D. C2H4O2
Cu 7. t chy hon ton 18g cht hu c A cn va 16,8 lt O2 thu c CO2 v hi nc c t l th tch =
3: 2. Xc nh CTPT ca A?.
A. C4H6O2
B. C3H4O2
C. C3H4O
D. C4H6O
Cu 8. t chy hon ton 4,45 g cht hu c X phi dng ht 4,20 lt kh oxi (ktc). Sn phm chy gm c
3,15 g H2O v 3,92 lt hn hp kh gm CO2 v N2 (ktc). Xc nh CTGN ca X.
A. C3H9N
B. C3H7O2N
C. C2H7N
D. C2H5O2N
Cu 9. T genol (trong tinh du hng nhu) iu ch c metylgenol (M = 178 g/mol) l cht dn d cn trng.
Kt qu phn tch nguyn t ca metylgenol cho thy: %C = 74,16%; %H = 7,86%, cn li l oxi. Tng s
lin kt trong phn t metylgenol l: (Cng thc tnh s lin kt pi ca hp cht CxHyOz l: s lin kt pi
= (2x-y+2)/2).
A. 5
B. 4
C. 6
D. 3
Cu 10. Phn tch a(g) cht hu c A thu c m(g) CO2 v n(g) H2O. Cho bit m = 22n/9 v a = 15(m+n)/31. Xc
nh CTPT ca A. Bit t khi hi (d) ca A i vi khng kh th 2 < d <3.
A. C3H6O
B. C3H6O2
C. C2H4O2
D. C2H4O
Cu 11. t chy hon ton 1,47 gam cht hu c X (ch cha C,H,O) bng 1,0976 lt kh O 2( ktc) lng dng
va th sau th nghim thu c H2O , 2,156 gam CO2. Tm CTPT ca X, bit t khi hi ca X so vi
khng kh nm trong khong: 3<dx < 4.
A. C3H4O3
B. C3H6O3
C. C3H8O3
D. p n khc
Cu 12. Cho 2 cht hu c X, Y (gm C, H, O) u c cha 53,33% oxi v khi lng. Khi t chy 0,02mol hn
hp X, Y cn 0,05mol oxi. Khi lng phn t ca Y gp 1,5 ln khi lng phn t ca X.M ca hai cht X
v Y ln lt bng:
A. 60 v 90
B. 30 v 45
C. 40 v 60
D. 80 v 120
Cu 13. t chy cht hu c A (cha C, H, O) phi dng mt lng oxi bng 8 ln lng oxi c trong A v thu
c lng kh CO2 v H2O theo t l khi lng l 22/9. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A bit rng A ch
cha 1 nguyn t oxi :
A. C2H4O
B. CH2O
C. C3H6O
D. C4H8O
Cu 14. Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca
hp cht c th l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C3H6O2.
C. C2H2O3.
D. C5H6O2.
Cu 15. t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm CO 2 v H2O vi t
l khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C2H6.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H6O2.
D. C2H4O.
Cu 16. Trong mt bnh kn cha hi cht hu c X (c dng CnH2nO2) mch h v O2 (s mol O2 gp i s mol
cn cho phn ng chy) 139,9oC, p sut trong bnh l 0,8 atm. t chy hon ton X, sau a v nhit
ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny l 0,95 at. X c cng thc phn t l
A. C4H8O2.
B. C3H6O2.
C. CH2O2.
D. C2H4O2.
Cu 17. t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c A mch h cn dng 10,08 lt O2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm
chy (gm CO2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,4g v c
70,92g kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C2H5O2N. B. C3H5O2N.
C. C3H7O2N.
D. C2H7O2N.
Cu 18. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca
axit l
A. C6H14O4.
B. C6H12O4.
C. C6H10O4.
D. C6H8O4.
Cu 19. Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO 2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; ng thi lng oxi cn
dng bng 4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C2H6O.
B. C4H8O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu 20. t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v
H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cng thc n gin nht ca X l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C5H10O.
Cu 21. t chy hon ton 4,3gam mt cht hu c n chc A cha C, H, O ri dn sn phm chy qua bnh 1
cha P2O5 d v bnh 2 cha NaOH d. Sau th nghim bnh 1 tng 2,7g; bnh 2 thu c 21,2g mui. Cng
thc phn t ca A l
A. C2H3O.
B. C4H6O.
C. C3H6O2.
D. C4H6O2.
Cu 22. t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht B (CxHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b hn hp kh
sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht
thot ra khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch. Cng thc phn t ca B l
A. C2H7N.
B. C3H9N.
C. C4H11N.
D. C4H9N.
Cu 23. Trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp hi cht A (CxHyO) vi O2 va t chy hp
cht A 136,5oC v 1 atm. Sau khi t chy, a bnh v nhit ban u, th p sut trong bnh l 1,2 atm.
Mt khc, khi t chy 0,03 mol A lng CO2 sinh ra c cho vo 400 ml dd Ba(OH)2 0,15M thy c hin
tng ho tan kt ta, nhng nu cho vo 800 ml dd Ba(OH)2 ni trn th thy Ba(OH)2 d. Cng thc phn
t ca A l
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cu 24. Trn mt hirocacbon X vi lng O2 va c hn hp A 0oC v p sut P1. t chy ht X, tng
th tch cc sn phm thu c 218,4oC v p sut P1 gp 2 ln th tch hn hp A 0oC, p sut P1.
A. C4H10.
B. C2H6.
C. C3H6.
D. C3H8.
Cu 25. t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 g CO2; 1,215g H2O v 168ml N2 (ktc).
T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C7H9N.
B. C6H7N.
C. C5H5N.
D. C6H9N.
Cu 26. t chy hon ton 5,8 gam cht A thu c 2,65 gam Na2CO3; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,1 gam CO2. Cng
thc phn t ca A l
A. C6H5O2Na. B. C6H5ONa.
C. C7H7O2Na. D. C7H7ONa.
Cu 27. t chy hon ton 1,88g A (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O vi t l
mol tng ng l 4:3. Cng thc phn t ca A l
A. C4H6O2.
B. C8H12O4.
C. C4H6O3.
D. C8H12O5.
Cu 28. t chy hon ton mt lng cht X (cha C, H, O) cn 0,6 mol O 2 to ra 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,6 mol H2O.
Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C6H12O6.
B. C12H22O11.
C. C2H4O2.
D. CH2O.
Cu 29. t chy hon ton mt lng cht Y (cha C, H, O) cn 0,3 mol O2 to ra 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2O.
Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C2H6O.
B. C2H6O2.
C. CH4O.
D. C3H6O.
Cu 30. t chy hon ton mt lng cht hu c cha C, H, Cl thu c 2,2 gam CO2; 0,9 gam H2O. Khi xc
nh clo trong lng cht bng dung dch AgNO3 th thu c 14,35 gam AgCl. Cng thc phn t ca
hp cht l
A. C2H4Cl2.
B. C3H6Cl2.
C. CH2Cl2.
D. CHCl3.