Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Mc lc
Li ni u...............................................................................3
1.1 Khi nim...........................................................................4
1.2 Nguyn tc lm vic v cu to....................................... 4
1.3 L thuyt tnh ton....................................................... 11
1.3.1 Trao i nhit khi khi sy tip xc vi b mt nng11
1.3.2 H thng sy tip xc trong cht lng nng...............15
2 Tnh ton v la chn my sy.........................................17
2.1 Tnh ton thit b sy......................................................17
2.1.1 Yu cu tnh ton.........................................................17
2.1.2 Phn tnh ton..............................................................18
2.2 Chn la my sy............................................................21
2.2.1 C s cho vic chn la...............................................21
2.2.2 Phng php chn.......................................................25
3 Khi nim............................................................................27
4 V Tr ca sng in dng cao tn....................................27
5 Nguyn l lm vic.............................................................27
6 Qu trnh lm nng bng in trng cao tn................29
7 u, nhc im..................................................................30
7.1 u im............................................................................30
7.2 Nhc im......................................................................31
8 ng dng.............................................................................31
Li ni u
Nc ta l mt nc c nn nng nghip rt pht trin vi sn
lng xut khu nng sn rt ln, trong nm 2011 ring mt hng go
th tng lng go xut khu c th t 8 triu tn vi kim ngch t gn
4 t USD.
V mt cng on rt quan trng trong sn xut nng nghip l
khu bo qun sau thu hoch, trong my sy l mt thit b khng th
thiu trong cng vic bo qun nng sn.
V vi bi bo co v thit b sy tip xc chng ti hi vng s
mang n cho cc bn mt ci nhn khi qut v thit b sy ny.
Trong qu trnh thu thp ti liu, nghin cu cng nh bin son
khng th thiu nhng sai st, do mong cc bn thng cm v rt hn
hnh nhn c nhng ng gp t cc bn.
PHN I
3
THIT B SY TIP XC
1.1 KHI NIM
H thng sy tip xc l mt h thng chuyn dng. Vt liu nhn trc tip bng
dn nhit hoc t mt b mt nng hoc t mi trng cht nng. Ngi ta chia h thng
sy tip xc thnh hai loi: loi tip xc trong cht lng v loi tip xc b mt.
2- C cu cp liu
3-
4- B phn khuy
5- B phn gt 6- Vt ti
V thit b
My sy kiu trc cn
Trong kiu ny b mt gia nhit l mt trc rng, mi cht gia nhit l hi nc
ngng t bn trong. Vt liu sy l cc loi bt nho nh sa, thc n gia sc. Vt liu
sy c vo b mt trc. Trc quay lm vt liu c cn thnh lp mng v c
sy kh. Chiu dy lp vt liu khong 1 2 mm. Cng bay hi m trn b mt A =
30 70 kg/m2h ty thuc vo loi vt liu v p sut hi nc bn trong. V d, khi sy
sa :
My sy kiu l quay
2- Chn kh
3- Bng giy
4- Khng kh nng
Sy bng qu cu nng
Bung sy c gn vi vt ti quay chm c cha cc qu cu bng s, c lm
nng bng khng kh nng, thi vo bung sy. Nguyn liu dng vin, cc c sy ch
yu do s dn nhit do s tip xc vi nhng qu cu nng v c dch chuyn qua
bung sy bng vt ti, thot ra y. Thi gian sy c kim sot bng tc vt ti
v nhit ca nhng qu cu nng.
My sy bng chuyn chn khng v k sy chn khng (vacuum band dryer,
vacuum shelf dryer)
Nguyn liu di dng st c tri hoc phun ln 1 bng chuyn thp chy qua 2
trc ln rng trong 1 bung chn khng c p sut 1-70 mmHg. Lc u nguyn liu
c sy bng trc ln c lm nng bng hi nc v sau bng ng xon trao i
nhit c hi nc lm nng hoc cc thit b cp nhit bc x t pha trn cc bng
chuyn. Sn phm sy c lm ngui bng trc ln th 2 c nc lnh trong v c
tch ra bng li dao.
K sy chn khng gm cc k t trong 1 bung chn khng vi p st 1-70
mmHg. Nguyn liu c t thnh 1 lp mng trn cc khay thp phng c lm cn
thn m bo s tip xc tt vi cc k. Hi nc hoc nc nng chy qua cc k
cp nhit cho qu trnh sy. Qu trnh sy nhanh v s h hi do nhit n sn phm c
hn ch gip cho 2 phng php ny thch hp vi cc nguyn liu nhy cm vi nhit.
Tuy nhin, cn cn thn trnh sn phm khi b chy trn cc khay trong cc k sy
chn khng v s co ngt lm gim s tip xc gia nguyn liu vi b mt nng c 2
thit b. Chng c gi thnh cao, chi ph vn hnh cao v nng sut thp, c dng ch
yu sn xut cc sn phm sy phng (puff dried).
Trn th cho thy sau pha hm nng (khong 0,07 0,1 so vi thi gian c qu trnh).
Nhit vt liu tng nhanh, sau khong thi gian no tr nn khng i, v sau
bt u gim v thi k th hai li nng ln mt ln na. Vic gim nhit l do sc
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Theo B.B Kratnhicp, su vng bc hi giai on sy th hai tun theo lut tuyn tnh
Tuy nhin tc su trong vng II, 7 10 ln(i vi xenlul) vt qu
tc su c trng u giai on th hai (b2 = 7 10 ln b1).
H s b1,b2 c trng cho tc su vng bc hi
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ca vt liu)
S chuyn hi qua khi sy tip xc, gn ng th nht c th vit
y qm mt dng phn t ca hi (kg/m2s)
- Gradien p sut hi nc bn trong vt liu (Pa/m hoc mmHg/m)
Kp H s dch chuyn phn t hi (s dn hi) trong vt xp ng mao (kg/msPa) hoc
(kg/ms.mmHg)
H s Kp khng ph thuc thng s ch l sc cn thy lc ca vt liu. Gim chiu
dy vt liu,Kp tng t ngt ( hnh 1.7).
p sut hi bo ha Ph cht lng trong ng mao l hm ca nhit v bn knh ng
mao r
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Trong :
fs(r) Hm phn b ng mao theo tit din vt liu
- mt cht lng v cht kh
Thay vo cng thc(1.1) gi tr ca
ta c:
Khi t > 1000, thnh phn th nht ca phng trnh ng vai tr chnh do c th b
qua s ph thuc vo ph vo r v u. Khi i vi thi k sy th nht vt liu mng, mt
ca dng phn t s l
Khi t < 65 850C mt dng khuch tn m biu din qua phng trnh dn m
khng ng nhit.
Nh khuch tn nn xy ra s di chuyn m khi vng bc hi. Ngoi tr lp tip xc
hng gradien nhit trng vi hng gradien m bn trong vt liu, do cng
dn nhit m s tng mnh trong sut qu trnh.
c trng c cu to thnh v di chuyn hi bn trong vt liu trong qu trnh sy tip xc,
B.B Krasnhicop dng m hnh ha chun bin i pha.
Trong :
hai)
Trong thi k th nht
gim t ngt ti gi tr
bt u tng mt cht.
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y:
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, W = G 1 G2
17
phng thc cung cp nhit (i lu, tip xc...) cch un nng tc nhn sy (loi
calorife) phng thc tun hon ca tc nhn sy (cng bc, t nhin...)
- V sn phm sy : m ban u v ban cui, nhit cho php cc i, thnh phn
nhy cm nht i vi nhit, khi lng ring, nhit dung ring, kch thc ln
nht, b nht ca sn phm sy.
- V ch sy : cc thng s ca khng kh bn ngoi v ca tc nhn sy, nhit un
nng cho php cc i m, vn tc ca tc nhn, thi gian sy, nhit vo v ra ca
tc nhn sy...
Ngoi nhng s liu cho trc theo yu cu ca thit k, nhng cng c s liu ngi
thit k phi t chn ph hp vi iu kin c th. Ni dung tnh ton gm cc phn c
bn sau :
- Phn chung : la chn my sy v phng thc sy.
2.2. CHN LA MY SY
2.2.1. C S CHO VIC CHN LA
Mun chn my sy thch hp nht cho mt nguyn liu nht nh t nhiu loi
my sy, cn phi xem xt tt c cc thng s quan trng i vi qu trnh lm vic ca
my sy.
- Tnh cht vt liu sy :
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thi gian sy ca n.
C th phi hp 2 my sy, v d : i vi sn phm dng ri c th kt hp my sy kh
ng tc dng nhanh vi my sy thng quay tc dng chm. i vi sn phm dng
pasta c th kt hp my sy trc ln vi my sy bng ti.
S nhy cm vi nhit ca sn phm sy
Nhng vt liu cho php s dng nhit cao : c th dng loi my sy c tc nhn sy
l khi l.
Tit gia sc, cc cht chit t ng thc vt cn phi sy trng thi n ho, gi li
nhng tnh cht c gi tr ca n.
Trong my sy phun v sy kh ng, sn phm ch lu li thi gian rt ngn nn
c php s dng nhit cao hn so vi sy hm.
Trong tt c nhng my sy ph bin th nhng my sy i lu kim sot nhit ca
sn phm sy tt nht, v c th d dng iu chnh trng thi khng kh thch hp.
Trong my sy tip xc, sn phm sy nhn nhit ca b mt b un nng
nhng ch tip xc, bi vy ch s dng i vi nhng sn phm nhy cm vi nhit ,
qu trnhsy xy ra rt nhanh Khng s dng my sy bc x i vi nhng sn phm
nhy cm vi nhit , v sn phm d b un nng cc b gy nguy him cho sn phm.
i vi mt s sn phm cn ch n s nhy cm v sc cng, d b co ngt,
nt n trong qu trnh sy di tc dng sc cng c hc mnh : c th s dng my sy
i lu cho php iu chnh c cc thng s sy thch hp vi tng loi sn phm sy.
Trong mt s trng hp c th s dng nhng phng php sy c bit : sy bng
dng in cao tn, sy chn khng v sy thng hoa.
i vi mt s sn phm khng c php s dng tc nhn sy l khi l, nhng sn
phm d b oxy ho, b chy : s dng my sy chn khng hoc my sy dng kh tr
tun hon.
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23
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PHN II
THIT B SY DNG IN TRNG DNG
CAO TN
3) KHI NIM :
-Qu trnh sy l qu trnh tch m , ch yu l nc hi nc khi vt liusy
thi vo mi trng m c trong vls nhn c nng lng theo mt phng thc no
tch khi VLS dch chuyn t trong long vt ra b mt t b mt vt vo mi
trng bao quanh (qu trnh lm kh VLS )
-Sy l khu quan trng trong dy truyn cng ngh c s dng nhiu ngnh
cng nghip ch bin cc loi nng lm hi sn .,
sy l khu quan trng Trong dy truyn cng ngh nhiu ngnh cng nghip ch bin
cc loi nng lm hi sn ., qu trnh sy khng phi ch l qu trnh tch nc v hi
nc ra khi vt liu mt cch thun ty m l mt qu trnh cng ngh phc tp .
-Sn phm sau khi sy i hi phi m bo cht lng theo mt ch tiu no
vi mt chi ph nng lng ti thiu .
5)NGUYN L LM VIC :
- Vt liu sy t gia 2 bn t c in p tn s cao .di tc dng ca in
trng tn s cao vt liu c gia nhit v m trong vt liu x ha hi v thot ra ngoi
- Sy bng in trng tn s cao c u im hn cc kiu sy khc l s gia nhit
vt lu c thc hin trong ton b th tch vt nn nhit d ng u hn .khi gia
26
27
f:tn s bc x (Hz)
E :lc in trng (v/cm )
:loss factor (LF)
28
d=
2 ( 1 / 2 )
Ttrong : bc sng
- Tn s LF cng thp , chiu su thm nhp cng ln .
- Nc c LF cao , nn hp th bc x tt
- Nc ng bng c LF thp , thy tinh , giy v cc loi polymer c LF thp , v
vy khng b un nng bng vi sng
- Kim loai phn x sng in trng dng cao tn , v vy lm tng hiu qu nng
lng ca thit b .
7. U ,NHC IM :
7.1 u im :
- Khc phc nhng nhc im ca i lu .
-Tc truyn nhit chm do dn nhit ca nguyn liu kh km .
-H hi cc gi tr cm quan v dinh dng cho thi gian sy lu v qu nhit b
mt .-Oxy ha cc sc t v vitamin .
-Gy hin tng cng v .
-Sy in trng dng cao tn ngn nga s h hi b mt , ci tin s truyn m
p giai on sau ca qu trnh sy v loi b hin tng cng v . bc x ch lm nng
nhng vng m , khng nh hng ti vng khc . khng can phi un nng lng ln
khng kh v oxy ha c hn ch ti thiu .
7.2 NHC IM :
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8)NG DNG :
-My sy sy g ti s dng cng ngh sng cao tn (sng viba) nhn hiu
GOSABA VIBA 20 va c ng LNG NGC D & ng V HIP , cng ty
TNHH Thng Tin Minh D , cho ra i .
-Nguyn l hot ng ca my dng cc neon cao tn ph v cc phn t nc
ra khi g . chic my sy ny c th cho sy kh trong 4 gi mt lng g m m sy
bng nhit phi mt 15 pht mi thc hin c .
-My cho php sy kh nhng thanh g c kch thc ti a 20 .20.110cm . vi
cng sut 4m3/ngy . my ny cn c th sy kh cc loi hng nng sn ,thc phm
hoc vi , cc tng m khng h lm thay i tnh cht ban u.
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