BT THC QUI C TNG TRANG CH Qung Minh Dch Ngun http://www.thuvienhoasen.

org Chuyn sang ebook 25-7-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
LI NI U Chng 1: NM THC TRC Chng 2: THC TH SU Chng 3: THC TH BY Chng 4: THC TH TM PH LC SCH THAM KHO

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LI NI U
Bt thc qui c tng Trang ch c cho l ca ngi Huyn Trang hay t ca ngi bin tp, l mt trong nhng tc phm thng c xem l ph thng nht v Duy thc hc. Duy thc trong Bt thc qui c tng mang nng tnh cht lun l hc. Cc bi tng c ng nhng nhn thc ca ngi Huyn Trang v Duy thc, m trong ch trng n hnh thi v i tng ca nhn thc, ngang qua s khi im t phm tr tam tnh, tam lng v tam cnh. Tc phm chia lm 4 on, mi on ch vn vn 12 cu tng, v nh th ton tc phm ch c 48 cu tng. on mt, ni v nm thc trc; on hai, ni v thc, tc thc th su; on ba, ni v thc Mt na, tc thc th by; on bn, ni v thc A li da, tc thc th tm. Mi on u ch r v th tnh, hnh tng, hot dng v qu v ca mi thc. Vn php duy thc, l ni cc php ton l duy thc: mt l, v cc php khng c g tht c; hai l, v cc php u lin h n 8 thc; ba l, v ch th nhn thc bao gi cng c i tng nhn thc. Thc A li da c gi l cn bn y v cc php nhim tnh c bao qut v pht sanh. Thc mt na v thc c gi l nhim tnh y v phn bit y ca cc php nhim tnh, v cc php do v thc m thnh nhim tnh. Nm thc trc ch

nhn thc 5 cnh m khng c phn bit vng chp. Trong s phn bit vng chp, thc ng vai chnh, 5 thc trc ng vai ph, thc Mt na l o din, thc A li da l nh sn xut. Ct li ca s tu l lm sao chuyn ha s vng chp phn bit ca thc thnh tr v trn, tc ci tr gic ng thc tng khng tht ca trn cnh. Qu trnh chuyn vng qui chn ny i hi thc m tm s tu lm chnh, cng vi cc tm s bit cnh khc v cc tm s thin ging co mnh lit chng li nhng vng tng in o do phin no cn bn v phin no ty thuc dn dt. thc lun pht trin theo bn nng t ng ca thc Mt na vn c xy dng trn cn bn kin v i. Qua , tu tp l ch ng v ct t s pht sanh lin tc ci thc t ng hay ng chp. Tin c thc A li da l tin vo th tng dng ca Tm: th ca Tm l nng tnh hun tp cc php tp nhim hay thanh tnh, tng ca Tm l biu hin ca cc tm vng v cc tm s, dng ca Tm l nhim c th hy dit, thanh tnh c th thch ng. Ni cch khc, tu tp l bi trn hip gic, l b nhim m thnh thanh tnh, l chuyn b 8 thc m thnh tu 4 tr, m thut ng Duy thc gi l chuyn thc. Tc phm ny cn c mt gi tr c th l 51 tm s c nh ngha mt cch r rng v chnh xc. iu ny s gip rt nhiu cho ngi bc u hc Duy thc. Qui l mt loi thc trn. C l mt loi thc vung. Thc l dng c o c, lm ni tc thit lp cc vt dng. Hip c php (bt thc) v d (qui c), nn gi l Bt thc qui c tng.

Va c Qun Th m B Tt 19/9/inh Hi (29/10/2007) Cn bt Qung Minh ---o0o--LI TA B Bt thc qui c tng ca ngi Huyn Trang i s cha tng thy ch no bin chp rng ngi t ch gii li tng .

Ma h nm inh Mo, ti ni cha Linh n t H Lm. Lc c ngi m Huyn[1] ng ch, ngi t Tng, l bc hc rng nghe nhiu. Ngi ni vi ti rng, trong i tng kinh hin c bn khc b Bt thc qui c tng sao, i nh Minh. Trong b y chp rng, i nh ng, ngi tam tng php s Huyn Trang ch gii li tng. i nh Minh, ngi L Am php s, hiu l Ph Thi, b ch thm. i nh Minh, ngi T B thin s, hiu l t Qun, gii r li ch. t th gii b tt l ng L Ng Phng lm li tng sao. Bn ng gii ca ng l T Phan Lm, hiu l Hu Th, tham cu v hiu nh thm. Nhng li ch gii v b ch thm trng lp ln ln, r rng l do ngi i nh Minh lm ra. Ch c li ch gii ca ngi Huyn Trang, tc l b Bt thc qui c tng Trang ch ny, xt v danh v kim li s tht th cu ngha tht l gi dn, quyt chng phi l nhng ngi sau i nh ng c th g mn c. Tuy chng oan chc l ngi Huyn Trang t ch gii, nhng nhng li ch gii t cng t nhng bc hin ca ngi Huyn Trang thut li. c nh th th rt lm ca bu vy. Trong b Bt thc qui c tng sao, ti thy ni li ch gii ca ngi Huyn Trang v ca ngi Ph Thi c s xen tp ln xn, cu v ch cng c i lc sai lm. V vy, ti bn xem xt chnh chn qua mt lt v vng theo li dy ca ngi m Huyn ng ch, gn lc sao chp li, cho ghi vo b Hi triu m s 16, trang 8, hng 8 tht chng vy. Thi H i s [2] ---o0o---

Chng 1: NM THC TRC

Tnh cnh, hin lng, thng tam tnh (Nm thc trc ch duyn vi tnh cnh, hin lng, v gm 3 tnh) Cu ny ni v nm thc trc. Nm thc trc, i vi ba cnh ch duyn vi tnh cnh; trong ba lng ch duyn vi hin lng; v i vi ba tnh: thin, c, v k, th gm c. Ba cnh l tnh cnh, i cht cnh v c nh cnh. Tnh cnh l cnh c th tnh v (tc dng) chn tht, tc l cnh vt c tht cht lm i tng

cho nm cn, do tm php nng s [3] hp thnh. Ni cch khc, tnh cnh l cnh vt c th tnh v c tht cht, bao gm tng phn (ca thc th tm, ca nm thc trc v ng cu thc), m trong , tnh cnh c chng t sanh khi, c th tnh v tc dng chn tht vi cc php tht c ni hin ti, tc l ni n s duyn duy thc[4] . i vi hai loi bin [5] , nm thc trc ch duyn vi nhn duyn bin, ngha l ch duyn vi cnh t tng ly ngn; cn trong c nh cnh (ca thc th su) th duyn vi phn bit bin. i vi ba lng, nm thc trc ch tng ng vi hin lng. V tng ng vi hin lng nn khi duyn cnh, nm thc trc nhn thc trc tip, sng t cc cnh, do vy m ni nm thc trc ch duyn vi tnh cnh. Nm thc trc thng c ba tnh: thin, c v v k, bi v tnh cht ca nm thc th chng phi hng nht. Mun r th xem tip vn sau: Nhn, nh, thn tam, nh a c ( nh a, tc t s thin ly sanh h lc a thuc Sc gii, ch cn c 3 thc l nhn thc, nh thc v thn thc) Cu ny ni v gii v a ca nm thc. Gii c ba: Dc gii, Sc gii v V sc gii. a c chn: 1. Ng th tp c a (thuc Dc gii); 2. S thin ly sanh h lc a; 3. Nh thin nh sanh h lc a; 4. Tam thin ly h diu lc a; 5. T thin x nim thanh tnh a (thuc Sc gii); 6. Khng v bin x a; 7. Thc v bin x a; 8. V s hu x a; 9. Phi phi tng x a (thuc V sc gii). Dc gii l ci gii c ba vic l n ung, ng ngh v tnh dc. Ng th tp c a l tri, ngi, sc sanh, ng qy v a ngc. S d ni Ng th tp c l v nm loi chng sanh ny chung ln ln nhau trong Dc gii. Nh a c, l ch S thin ly sanh h lc ca Sc gii. T Nh thin tr ln, do khng c tm t[6] nn nm thc trc khng khi tc dng. Ni cch khc, by a sau khng c s nhim ca tm t. Cu tng trn n lc t thc v thit thc, ch c trong chng sanh Ng th tp c a ca Dc gii, v t ci thin thin (S thin) tr ln khng c on thc. on thc (, n bng thc phm,) dng ba trn: hng, v, xc lm th. Sc gii khng c on thc nn hai thc ny khng pht sanh.

V sao khng c on thc? V on thc chnh l iu chn ch cc ci thin thin. Bin hnh, bit cnh, thin thp nht Trung nh, i bt, tham sn si (Nhng tm s ca 5 thc trc gm c: 5 tm s Bin hnh, 5 tm s Bit cnh, 11 tm s thin, 2 phin no trung ty, 8 phin no i ty v 3 phin no cn bn) Hai cu tng trn ni v nhng tm s ca nm thc. Nhng tm s ny, trong ngha tng ng ca Duy thc, hm ba ngha: mt l, lun lun sanh khi theo tm thc; hai l, cng tng quan vi tm thc; ba l, h thuc vo tm thc. Th d nh nhng vt thuc v ta nn gi l ng s. Nm thc ny i vi su loi tm s ch thiu loi Bt nh. Tm s bin hnh: C 5 tm s l tc , xc, th, tng v t. 1. Tc (khi nim): c tnh ca tm s ny l nng lc nh thc tm. Hot dng ca n l hng dn tm vo cnh m tm thc duyn theo. S tc c hai cng dng: mt l, khi tm cha sanh khi, th n nh thc khin tm sanh khi; hai l, khi tm sanh khi ri, s tc dn dt tm hng theo cnh. 2. Xc (tip xc): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm (cht xc tc) cho tm vng, tm s tip xc c vi cnh. Hot dng ca xc l lm ch nng ta cho cc tm s khc nh th, tng, t v.v ... 3. Th (th dng): c tnh ca tm s ny l cm nhn nhng cnh tng thun (ng a), nghch (ng ght) v khng thun khng nghch (chng ng a m cng chng ng ght). Hot dng ca th l khi ln s ham mun. Li c ch ni, tm s th lm cho sanh khi nhng trng thi tm l nh vui mng hay lo bun, ri mun tip nhn hay bung b. 4. Tng (phn bit): c tnh ca tm s ny l i vi cnh (sau khi cm th) n nm gi nhng nh tng, tc l kh nng an lp bng t cnh phn ( ni tm thc). Hot dng ca tng l t by ra cc th danh ngn. iu ng ch l tm s tng an lp t cnh phn bng cc nh tng ri sau ty theo nh tng m khi cc th danh ngn.

5. T (suy ngh): c tnh ca tm s ny l thc y tm (tm vng v tm s khc) to tc (s suy ngh). Hot dng ca t l sai s tm theo chiu hng thin, c hay v k. Ni tm, tm s t c cng nng nm bt cc cnh tng t tng qut n chi tit ri sai s t tm khin to tc nhng s ngh ngi theo chiu hng thin, c hay v k. V sao gi l bin hnh? V cc tm s ny i cng khp trong bn lnh vc v c mt trong tt c tm vng (nh l iu kin cn v ) tm vng c th vn hnh (trong vic nhn thc vn php). Bn lnh vc: mt l, i khp 3 tnh (thin, c v v k); hai l, i khp 8 thc (tm vng); ba l, i khp 9 a (3 ci / tt c khng gian); bn l, i khp tt c thi gian (qu kh, hin ti v v lai). Tm s bit cnh: C 5 tm s l: dc, thng gii, nim, nh v tu. 1. Dc (mong mun): c tnh ca tm s ny l mong mun nhng cnh vui thch. Hot dng ca dc l sing nng theo ui (i tng a thch). Nhng cnh vui thch c ba loi: mt l, cnh ng a vui (trong hin ti); hai l, cnh mong cu c c (trong tng lai); ba l, cnh mun qun thy (trong khi tu tp ch qun), c bit c s hiu bit chn chnh. 2. Thng gii (hiu r): c tnh ca tm s ny l ghi nhn v gn gi nhng cnh quyt nh (trong ba loi cnh vui thch m tm s dc mun theo ui). Hot dng ca thng gii l khng th b dn chuyn (bi ci khc, sau khi n quyt nh chn la). 3. Nim (ghi nh): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm cho tm thc nh li r rng nhng cnh ( qua) tng hun tp (trong tm thc). Hot dng ca nim l lm ch nng cho tm s nh. 4. nh (chuyn ch): c tnh ca tm s ny l khin tm chuyn ch, khng cho tm tn lon i vi cnh s qun. Hot dng ca nh l lm ch nng cho tr (tm s tu). 5. Tu (sng sut): c tnh ca tm s ny l la chn cnh s qun. Hot dng ca tu l dt nghi ng. Nm tm s trn, do mi tm s duyn mi cnh ring khc m pht sanh, nn gi l bit cnh.

Tm s thin: Ni v 11 mn tm s thin, Duy thc tam thp tng c bi tng rng: Thin v: tn, tm, qi V tham ng tam cn Cn, an, bt phng dt Hnh x cp bt hi (Tm s thin gm c: tin, h thn, s nhc, khng tham lam, khng gin d, khng si m, sing nng, nh nhng, khng phng dt, bung th v khng tn hi) Tt c 11 tm s ny u c c tnh hin lnh nn gi l tm s thin. 1. Tn (tin): c tnh ca tm s ny l: vi chn l s tht (tht) th tin su, vi gi tr o c (c) th a mun, vi nng lc ca s tht v o c (nng) th lm cho tm thanh tnh. Hot dng ca tn l i tr s bt tn, v a thch iu thin. Tn c ba mt: mt l, tin vo chn l: l tin nhn su sc vo s tht (hin tng) v l tht (bn th) ca cc php; hai l, tin vo gi tr o c: l tin a su xa vo tam bo trong ngha Pht th chn tht, php th thanh tnh v tng th cng c; ba l, tin vo nng lc: l tin chu su chc vo thin php th gian c nng lc em n hnh phc th gian v thin php xut th gian c nng lc t thnh Thnh o xut th gian, m khi ln mong cu. Tn i tr c ci tm bt tn (vo tht, c, nng) v em li s a thch thin php th gian v s tu chng thin php xut th gian. Tin su l v c tm s thng gii lm nhn cho tn. a mun l v c tm s dc lm qu ca tn. Cng nng ca tn l lng trong, c th lm cho tm c thanh tnh, nh thy thanh chu c cng nng thanh lc nc bn. 2. Tm (h thn): c tnh ca tm s ny l nng vo sc mnh ca bn thn (t) v o l (php), sng knh ngi hin, coi trng iu thin. Hot dng ca tm l i tr tm khng bit h thn v ngn dt lm iu c. T l t thn, php l gio php. Nu t xt ti l ngi nh vy hay sao? v hiu r o l (lm ngi) l th no?, th th hi c dm lm iu c? 3. Qi (s nhc): c tnh ca tm s ny l nng vo sc mnh ca th gian coi nh ngi d, chng c iu xu (khinh c bo c). Hot dng

ca qi l i tr tm khng bit s nhc. Sc mnh ca th gian l s ch trch ca ngi i (d lun). Khinh c bo c l coi nh ngi d (bo) nn chng thn cn, chng c iu xu (c) nn chng dm lm. 4. V tham (khng tham lam): c tnh ca tm s ny l i vi s hin hu (hu) qua mi sc thi (ca qu d thc) m khng c ci tm tham m. Hot dng ca v tham l i tr tham m, v a lm vic lnh. 5. V sn (khng gin d): c tnh ca tm s ny l i vi s au kh qua mi hnh thc (kh kh, hnh kh, hoi kh )[7] m khng c ci tm on gin. Hot dng ca v sn l i tr sn hn, v a lm vic lnh. 6. V si (khng si m): c tnh ca tm s ny l hiu bit rnh r cc s l (th gian v xut th gian). Hot dng ca v si l i tr ngu si, v a lm vic lnh. 7. Cn (= tinh tn: sing nng): c tnh ca tm s ny l dng mnh trong vic dt cc vic d, lm cc vic lnh. Hot dng ca cn l i tr bing nhc, lm trn cc vic lnh. 8. Khinh an (nh nhng n nh): c tnh ca tm s ny l xa la nhng g nng n bc bi, iu ha thnh thi thn tm, tc ni kh nng bung th. Hot dng ca khinh an l i tr hn trm (thn tm nng n), v c qu chuyn y[8] . Xa la nhng g nng n bc bi l khinh (nh nhng). iu ha thnh thi thn tm l an (n nh). S y ca tm s ny l kh nng gnh vc v nhn chu, lm ch da cho thn tm chuyn b nhng g nng n bc bi (tp nhim) c thnh thi n nh (thanh tnh). 9. Bt phng dt (khng phng tng): c tnh ca tm s ny l tinh tn thnh tu ba thin cn l: v tham, v sn v v si, c kh nng ngn nga v ch ng tm trong vic on c tu thin. Hot dng ca bt phng dt l i tr tm phng tng thnh tu trn vn nhng iu thin ca th gian v xut th gian. Ni tm, tm s bt phng dt l tinh tn c c ba thin cn, c c cng nng ngn nga v ch ng. La b s tinh tn c c ba thin cn v cng nng ngn nga, ch ng , th th ca bn php: tinh tn, khinh an, bt phng dt v hnh x, khng th thnh lp. 10. Hnh x (bung th): Tinh tn c c ba thin cn lm nhn t cho tnh cch ca tm s ny, l tm an tr ni bnh ng, chnh trc v v cng dng[9] . Hot dng ca hnh x l tm an tr vng lng v i tr tro c (xao ng). Ch x y l x trong hnh un[10] , ch chng phi

x trong th un, v vy gi l hnh x. Tm an tr ni bnh ng, chnh trc v v cng dng ngha l khi bung x tm t th xa la trng thi hn trm (nng n) v tro c (xao ng) c c: u tin l tm bnh ng, k n l tm chnh trc[11] v sau cng l tm v cng dng. Mt php hnh x y cng tc l bn php: tinh tn, khinh an, bt phng dt v hnh x. Bi l, kh nng lm cho tm an tr vng lng l bn php[12] v biu hin cho tm an tr vng lng l tm bnh ng, tm chnh trc, tm v cng dng. 11. Bt hi (khng lm tn hi): c tnh ca tm s ny l khng lm tn hi cc loi hu tnh, v lun c tm s v sn i km. Hot dng ca bt hi l lng bi mn, c kh nng i tr tm tn hi. Cu tng trung nh, i bt, tham sn si l ni v nhim tm s (tm s nhim ). Nhim tm s gm c 26 loi (trong c 6 loi l phin no cn bn v 20 loi l phin no ty thuc). Nm thc trc ch c 13 loi nhim tm s, gm c: 3 trong 6 cn bn phin no v 10 trong 20 ty phin no. Ty phin no: gm c 20 loi, phn lm 3 bc l tiu, trung v i. Tiu ty c 10 loi l: phn, hn, ph, no, tt, xan, cung, sim, hi v kiu. Trung ty c 2 loi l: v tm v v qi. i ty c 8 loi l: tro c, hn trm, bt tn, gii i, phng dt, tht nim, tn lon v bt chnh tri. Tiu ty khng tng ng cng nm thc trc, ch c trung ty v i ty mi ph thuc nm thc trc. S d gi l ty phin no v 20 loi phin no ny ty thuc vo 6 loi phin no cn bn m sanh khi trong phm vi tng ng rng hp khc nhau. C 3 ngha: mt l, t loi cu khi (mi loi cng khi); hai l, bin nhim nh tnh (khp c hai tnh bt thin); ba l, bin ch nhim tm (khp c cc tm nhim ). Nu c 3 ngha th gi l i ty, c 1 ngha hay hn th gi l trung ty, khng c 3 ngha th gi l tiu ty. Hai tnh y l bt thin v hu ph (nhim ). Mi loi tiu ty, do mi loi ring bit sanh khi, nn thiu ngha t loi cu khi. Mi loi tiu ty ny l bt thin tnh, nn thiu ngha bin nhim nh tnh. thiu tnh hu ph v chng c ngha bin ch nhim tm, nn gi l tiu ty. Mi

loi tiu ty ny cng thc th su tng ng, v vy khng gii thch phn ny. Nm thc trc c 10 ty phin no: 2 thuc trung ty v 8 thuc i ty. V tm v v qi l t loi cu khi (v c mt trong khp c cc tm bt thin), thuc v trung ty. 1. V tm (khng bit h vi mnh): c tnh ca tm s ny l chng oi hoi n bn thn (t) v o l (php), coi thng ngi hin, chng c iu thin. Hot dng ca v tm l lm chng ngi tnh xu h (tm) v sanh ln vic xu c. 2. V qi (khng bit thn vi ngi): c tnh ca tm s ny l chng oi hoi n (d lun) th gian, coi nng ngi d (bo), tha hip iu xu (c). Hot dng ca v qi l lm chng ngi tnh s nhc (qi) v sanh ln vic xu c. (Tm loi phin no sau y thuc v i ty. Cc tm s ny bin khp cc tm s bt thin, phm vi hot ng li rng hn 2 loi trung ty, nn gi l i ty) 1. Tro c (xao ng): c tnh ca tm s ny l chng chu yn tnh khi tm i vi cnh. Hot dng ca tro c l lm chng ngi hnh x v cn tr xa ma tha (tu ch). 2. Hn trm (thn tm nng n): c tnh ca tm s ny l khng th gnh vc c vic g c (v kham nhm) khi tm i vi cnh. Hot dng ca hn trm l lm chng ngi khinh an v cn tr t bt x na (tu qun). 3. Bt tn (khng tin): c tnh ca n l vi chn l s tht (tht) th khng tin nhn; vi gi tr o c (c) th khng a mun; vi nng lc ca s tht v o c (nng) th (v khng tin nn) lm cho tm nhim . Hot dng ca bt tn l lm chng ngi vic tnh tm (tu ch qun) v lm ch nng cho gii i[13] . 4. Gii i (bing nhc): c tnh ca tm s ny l bing nhc trong vic on cc iu c, tu cc iu thin. Hot dng ca gii i l lm chng ngi tinh tn v tng thm tnh nhim . 5. Phng dt (phng tng): c tnh ca tm s ny l bung lung, phng tng, chng th ngn nga tm nhim , chng th ch ng (tm y) cho

thanh tnh. Hot dng ca phng dt l lm chng ngi bt phng dt v lm nn tng cho vic thm ln iu c, gim bt iu lnh. 6. Tht nim (mt chnh nim): c tnh ca tm s ny l khng th ghi nh r rng cnh s duyn. Hot dng ca tht nim l chng ngi chnh nim v lm iu kin cho tn lon sanh khi. Bn cht ca tht nim cng l bn cht ca tm tn lon. Tm s tht nim ny c hai phn: mt l, mt phn nhip vo tm s nim, nhng l s ghi nh (nim) no tng ng vi phin no; hai l, mt phn nhip vo tm s si, nh lun Du Gi ni, tht nim l mt phn ca si m, v si m lm cho tht nim. Ni mt cch khc, tht nim nhip vo hai phn: nim v si (= vng nim). 7. Tn lon (khng tp trung): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm cho tm tri ni, chy nhy trc cnh s duyn. Hot dng ca tn lon l lm chng ngi chnh nh v lm ch nng cho c tu[14] , v tn lon lm pht sanh c tu. 8. Bt chnh tri (Bit khng chnh xc): c tnh ca tm s ny l hiu bit sai lm i vi cnh s qun. Hot dng ca bt chnh tri l lm chng ngi s hiu bit chnh xc (chnh tri) v lm iu kin hy phm gii lut (do d to nghip bt thin). Cn bn phin no: Tham, sn, si l 3 trong 6 cn bn phin no (tham, sn, si, mn, nghi v c kin). 1. Tham (tham m): c tnh ca tm s ny l tham nhim, m trc s tn ti[15] trong mi qu bo d thc. Hot dng ca tham l chng ngi thin cn v tham v lm sanh khi cc kh lun hi. 2. Sn (nng gin): c tnh ca tm s ny l ni gin, ght b i vi cnh kh trong mi hnh thi kh au (kh kh, hnh kh, hoi kh). Hot dng ca sn l chng ngi thin cn v sn, lm cho thn tm khng yn n (v khng a thch nghch cnh) v lm ch nng cho c hnh. 3. Si (ngu si): c tnh ca tm s ny l m mui, khng nhn nh r cc s l (th gian v xut th gian). Hot dng ca si l lm chng ngi thin cn v si v lm im ta cho mi th tp nhim (lun thch ng vi phin no v ty phin no )[16]. Ba mn phin no cn li (mn, nghi v c kin) xin xem phn ch gii v thc th su. S d gi cc tm s ny l phin no cn bn l v n (lm ci

gc) sanh ra cc chng t ty min. Ty min khc vi phin no, v ty min l tp kh (chng t) ca phin no v v tng trng c hai th tri ngc nhau: phin no th l r d thy, ty min th nh nhim kh bit. Ty min v phin no nh hng ln nhau m lm c hai thm ln mnh. Ng thc ng y tnh sc cn (Nm thc u nng ni tnh sc cn c tc dng nhn bit) Cu tng ny ni, nm thc ly nm cn lm ch s y. Tnh sc cn cn gi l thng ngha cn[17] . S d gi nh vy l v th ca n chng phi l nhim php v tnh ca n l v ph, v k. Nm thc ty theo cn m lp danh, gm 5 ngha: y, pht, thuc, tr v nh (nng ta, pht sanh, ph thuc, tr gip v ging nh). Ch y trong cu tng l 1 trong 5 ngha trn. Nu gii rng ra th gi l thc ca y cn (thc nng vo cn hiu bit), thc ca thuc cn (thc ph thuc vo cn m thit lp danh xng), thc ca tr cn (thc tr gip cho cn hot ng), thc ca nh cn (thc ging nh cn tip nhn hnh nh), tt c u l y ch thch[18] . Thc ca pht cn: cn l ni thc pht sanh tc dng, l y s thch. Cu duyn, tht, bt ho tng ln (Nhn thc cn 9 duyn sanh khi, ba thc: t, thit v thn ch cn 7 duyn, nh thc ch cn 8 duyn, tt c c quan h qua li rt tt) y l ni 9 duyn nm thc c th pht khi phn bit. Chn duyn l: khng, minh, cn, cnh, tc , phn bit y, nhim tnh y, cn bn y v chng t. 1. Khng: l khong khng gian cch nhau gia cn v cnh. 2. Minh: l nh sng ca mt tri, mt trng, nh sng ca n. 3. Cn: l 5 cn lm ch ta cho 5 thc (pht sanh tc dng). 4. Cnh: l 5 trn cnh lm i tng cho 5 thc duyn theo. 5. Tc : ng ngha vi tm s tc trong 5 mn bin hnh. 6. Phn bit y: l thc th su. 7. Nhim tnh y: l thc th by. 8. Cn bn y: l thc th tm. 9. Chng t duyn: l chng t ca 8 thc, mi mi u nng chng t pht sanh.

Xt 9 duyn trn i chiu vi t duyn th chng t duyn l nhn duyn [19] , cnh l s duyn duyn[20] , 7 duyn cn li l tng thng duyn[21] . Cn ng v gin duyn [22] l ni tm thc tm vng, mi loi sanh dit trc sau, khng gin on, c lc dng nng dn v s dn (= duy tr hin hnh v duy tr chng t) bng nhau. Cu tng trn tuy n lc, nhng gm trong . Cho nn c bi tng rng: Nhn thc cu duyn sanh Nh thc duy tng bt T, thit, thn tam: tht Hu tam: ng, tam, t. (Nhn thc cn 9 duyn sanh khi, nh thc ch cn 8 duyn, ba thc: t, thit v thn ch cn 7 duyn, thc th 6, 7 v 8 tng ng cn 5, 3 v 4 duyn) Nu thm ng v gin duyn th mi thc tng thm 1 duyn. Thc th 6 c 5 duyn: 1. Cn duyn: l cn (mt na). 2. Cnh duyn: l 18 gii. 3. Tc duyn: l tc trong 5 mn bin hnh. 4. Cn bn duyn: l thc A li da. 5. Chng t duyn: l thc th 6 t thn sanh chng t. Thc th 7 c 3 duyn: 1. Chng t duyn: l thc th 7 t thn sanh chng t. 2. Tc duyn: l tm s tc trong 5 mn bin hnh. 3. Cn cnh duyn: cn v cnh u l thc th 8. Cho nn Duy thc tam thp tng vit: y b chuyn, duyn b (thc mt na do thc A li da sanh ra, ri tr li duyn thc A li da chp lm t ng). Thc th 8 c 4 duyn: 1. Cn duyn: l thc mt na. 2. Cnh duyn: l chng t, cn thn v kh th gii. 3. Tc duyn: l tc trong 5 mn bin hnh. 4. Chng t duyn: l thc th 8 t thn sanh chng t.

ng v gin duyn ngha l mi thc sau khi dit, lin m hay ng cnh gii ca mi thc, dn dt nim sau sanh khi, khong gia (2 nim) khng c gin on. Nu thm ng v gin duyn th nhn thc c 10 duyn; nh thc c 9 duyn; t, thit, thn thc c 8 duyn; thc c 6 duyn; mt na thc c 4 duyn; A li da thc c 5 duyn. V sao cc thc phi mn duyn mi pht sanh c? V cc thc l hu vi php nn phi mn nhn g duyn, thiu duyn th khng pht sanh c. Thc no nhiu duyn th (hot ng) ngn ngi, t duyn th (hot ng) di lu. Cu tng trn n lc 3 thc sau, v khng ni cc duyn. Hp tam, ly nh, qun trn th (Trong vic qun st trn th, t thc, thit thc v thn thc phi tip xc vi trn cnh, cn nhn thc v nh thc th cn c khng gian chia cch gia cn v cnh) Cu tng ny ni nhn thc v nh thc phi cch h (ly) trn cnh mi tip nhn c cnh; cn t thc, thit thc v thn thc phi chung ng (hp) trn cnh mi tip nhn c cnh. Qun, l qun st, l kin phn nng duyn[23] , l 5 thc trc v cc tm s. Trn th, l tng phn s duyn [24] , l 5 trn: sc, thanh, hng, v, xc. Ngu gi nan phn thc d cn (Hng tiu tha v ngi thng kh m c s hiu bit chn xc v thc v cn) Cu tng ny ni hng tiu tha thanh vn v ngi thng chp php nn chng bit rng cn v thc, mi ci c chng t v hin hnh, rng cn v thc c s h tng sanh khi. Chng t v hin hnh ca cn ch c th hng dn chng t v hin hnh ca thc, cho nn ni cn l duyn t sanh ra thc. Cn khng th l nhn t sanh ra thc c, v thc t n c chng t nng sanh (sanh ra hin hnh). Hng tiu tha tr thin tm th, cha dt tr s tri chng[25] , i vi cc php cha hiu r tng tn cho nn cha tin c gio l Duy thc ca i tha. Bin tng qun khng duy hu c (Ch c hu c tr mi chuyn i tng phn s duyn thnh kin phn nng duyn tip cn vi chn nh)

Nm thc ny ( giai on phm phu) bit r th tc (thy c) v thy khng[26] Bin, l chuyn i. Tng, l tng phn. Qun, l kin phn nng duyn. Khng, l chn nh s duyn. Duy hu c (ch c tr hu c )[27], l chng phi tr cn bn [28] , v 5 thc ny da vo sc cn (5 nm) m sanh khi. Tr hu c (ca 5 thc ny) khng th trc tip duyn chn nh [29] . Tr hu c l tr cn c phn bit, so lng, tnh ton nn khng th trc tip duyn vi l v phn bit. Khng, l tht tnh Duy thc [30] . Qu trung du t bt thuyn chn ( ngay ni qu Thnh cng khng th ni l nm thc trc trc tip duyn c chn nh) L ni v 5 thc tr thnh v lu (v lu ng thc). Khng phi trong lc tu nhn chng th ni chn, m ngay ni qu v (v lu) cng khng th trc tip duyn c chn nh. Nm thc ny da vo sc cn, c s phn bit, cho nn khng th trc tip duyn c chn nh. S d gi l tr hu c, v n sanh sau tr cn bn. Ngoi o chp rng, 5 thc trc khng c tr cn bn th lm sao c tr hu c c. Cu tr li l, tr cn bn v tr hu c u l tr (v phn bit [31] ) c v cng thng t s (l). Theo ngi An Hu[32] , 5 thc ny sau khi tu nhn ri tr thnh (5 thc) v lu, th bn thn 5 thc ny s t chuyn i tng phn ca chng duyn vi chn nh. Kin phn v tng phn (ca tm thc) thuc bin k chp tnh [33] . T chng phn [34] thuc y tha khi tnh [35] . n qu v Pht tc l t n t chng phn, th 5 thc trc trc tip duyn c chn nh, do khng cn kin phn v tng phn thuc bin k chp tnh na. Cho nn ngi H Php lun s [36] dng cu ny ph chp ca cc lun s khc. Vin minh s pht thnh v lu Tam loi phn thn tc kh lun (Thc thc tm va chuyn thnh i vin cnh tr th nm thc trc cng thnh v lu, ngha l thnh tu Thnh s tc tr. By gi, nm thc ny c cng dng ha hin 3 loi thn ha v dt tr ci kh lun hi cho chng sanh) Khi nhn tu trn vn, thnh tu qu v Pht, th 5 thc trc tng ng vi (c tnh ca mt trong t tr) tm phm, tc thnh tu Thnh s tc tr. By gi 5 thc ny c cng dng ha hin ra 3 loi thn ha v dt tr

cc kh sanh t lun hi cho chng sanh. Ni cch khc, ni qu v Pht, thc th tm, vn tng ng vi cc tm s, chuyn t V lu bch tnh thc thnh i vin cnh tr. S pht, l bng chc hin tin. Thnh v lu, ngha l khi thc th tm (vin minh) va chuyn (s pht) thnh i vin cnh tr, th 5 thc trc cng thnh v lu. Tam loi phn thn, ngha l khi tm s ca 5 thc chuyn thnh Thnh s tc tr, th tr c cng nng ha hin 3 loi ha thn. Ba loi ha thn ny thuc ha thn, 1 trong 3 thn: php thn, bo thn v ha thn. Cc ha thn ny bao trm cc cn c, u lit chng ng. Ba loi ha thn l: 1. i ha thn: cng gi l Thng ng thn. Thn ny cao 1 ngn trng, gio ha hng b tt i tha gia hnh v [37] . 2. Tiu ha thn: tc l Lit ng thn [38] . Thn ny cao 1 trng 6, gio ha hng b tt i tha 3 t lng v [39] . 3. Ty loi ha thn: Thn ny biu hin theo thn ca 6 loi chng sanh, bao gm tam tha v lc th. i vin cnh tr, Diu qun st tr, Bnh ng tnh tr v Thnh s tc tr l t tr tm phm m tng nhip ht tt c cng c hu vi vo Pht a. y l mt s chuyn ha cc thc hu lu l thc th 8, thc th 7, thc th 6 v 5 thc trc, tng ng c tnh ca mi thc, theo th t m c 4 tr. Tr tuy chng phi thc, nhng y thc chuyn (b 2 trng chng l phin no chng v s tri chng) m c. Thc lm ch, cho nn ni do thc chuyn m c 4 tr. a v hu lu th tr yu, thc mnh. Trong a v v lu th tr mnh, thc yu. V khuyn hu tnh nng ni tr m bung b thc, nn ni chuyn 8 thc c 4 tr, m thut ng thng gi l chuyn thc. ---o0o---

Chng 2: THC TH SU
Tam tnh, tam lng, thng tam cnh (Thc th su c 3 tnh, 3 lng v 3 cnh) Cu tng ny ni v thc th su. Thc th su c 3 tnh, 3 lng v 3 cnh. Ba tnh l: thin, bt thin v v k. Thin mang ngha thun ch:

thun theo l l chn chnh v li ch cho mnh ngi. Bt thin mang ngha nghch tn: nghch vi l l chn chnh v tn hi cho mnh ngi. V k l i vi iu thin v iu c khng th ghi nh, phn bit (l thin hay c). Sau y ly ngha thun nghch v tn ch gii thch 3 tnh. Thun ch 2 i gi l thin tnh. Nghch tn 2 i gi l bt thin tnh. i vi qu (d thc) c i dc [40] v khng c i dc m chng th ghi nhn v phn bit, gi l v k tnh. Ni cch khc, t th (= sinh th) v qu (= d thc ca sinh th ), c hai u c s lu luyn (i) v tha thch (lc), gi l thin tnh. Ngc vi thin tnh l bt thin tnh (= phi i lc). Khng c i lc (khng c a thch) v khng c phi i lc (khng c ght b), chng th ghi nhn v phn bit, gi l v k. Ngoi ra, c th ly 3 i hu lu v v lu gii thch 3 tnh. Ba lng l hin lng, t lng v phi lng. Hin lng gii, xin xem chng trc. y ch gii t lng v phi lng. T lng l hnh thi nhn thc c tnh so snh, suy on mt cch chnh xc v cnh (, do thc y c vo cnh bit). Phi lng l hnh thi nhn thc m v tnh cm th c, v l tr th khng, do khi so snh, suy on v cnh c s sai lm. thc c nhn din di 5 hnh thi: 1. nh trung c u thc (nh trung thc): l thc duyn vi cnh trong nh. Cnh trong nh c l (= nh t ti s sanh sc) v s. S li c cc lc sc [41] v cc hunh sc [42] . Tm li, trong thin nh, thc t ti sanh ra cc sc php thuc php x [43] (= php x s nhip sc). 2. Tn v c u thc [44] (c tn thc): l thc duyn vi th s dn sc [45] (v bin k s sc [46] ), ngha l thc trong s biu hin bin k khi ra cc sc php thuc php x. Nh hoa m gia h khng, hnh nh trong gng, mu sc phc ha u xp vo loi sc php ny, tc php x s nhip sc. 3. Mng trung c u thc (mng trung thc): l thc duyn vi cnh trong mng. 4. Minh liu thc (ng cu thc): l thc khi ln mt lt vi 5 thc trc cng duyn vi 5 trn.

5. Lon trung thc: l thc tn lon ri khi ra s cung lon biu hin qua 5 cn. Nh ngi mc bnh hon nhit thy mu xanh ra mu vng, chng phi do nhn thc lon m l thc cung lon. nh trung thc thuc hin lng. c tn thc i vi t lng v phi lng. Mng trung thc v lon trung thc u l phi lng. Minh liu thc gm c 3 lng, nhng phn nhiu l hin lng, phn t l t lng v phi lng. Ba cnh l tnh cnh, i cht cnh v c nh cnh. Tnh cnh gii chng trc, nay gii thch thm cng vi i cht cnh v c nh cnh. 1. Tnh cnh: l cn v trn tht s do 8 php nng s to thnh, (c khi) l nh qu sc [47] tht s, u do chng t tht s sanh khi. Tnh cnh ch c hin lng: tng phn ca 5 thc trc v tng phn ca thc th 8. Tnh cnh l cc cnh tht sc lm i tng s duyn ca ng cu thc [48] .Tnh cnh l t thn ca tht ti khng mang danh ngn (khi nim), khng b bin hnh v tc dng phn bit t gio ca nhn thc. Tr cn bn khi duyn chn nh cng l tnh cnh, do ci dng ca tr v phn bit, nhm vn th hi (chn nh). Tnh cnh chia thnh 2 loi: a. V cht tnh cnh: ni trn. b. Hu cht tnh cnh: hon ton khng c ngha ca v cht tnh cnh, ch l phn huyn tng (khng c ngha tht ti), ng trn phng din ngha ca sc cht m tm ni l tnh cnh. Do c tnh gi thuyt nn gi l hu cht tnh cnh. 2. i cht cnh: c 2 loi: a. Chn i cht cnh: ly tm duyn tm (nh thc th 7 duyn vi tng kin phn ca thc th 8), gia hai tm, tng phn ca tm nng duyn v tng phn ca tm s duyn cng lin i sanh khi, gi l chn i cht. b. T i cht cnh: ly tm duyn sc (nh thc nh li cc cnh qua, v cnh y ch l nhng bng dng ca trn cnh [php trn], khng phi t tng ca cnh), gia tm v sc, tng phn (ca cnh s duyn) ch t kin phn (ca tm nng duyn) sanh khi. Tnh cht va lin i, va chuyn bin (bin i) nn gi l t i cht cnh.

3. c nh cnh: c 2 loi: a. V cht c nh cnh: thc to dng th gii nh tng (tng phn) khng tht nh hoa m gia h khng, sng th, cc nh tng d vng, tng lai Cc nh tng v thc sanh ra t cng mt chng t. Ni tm, cc nh tng hoa m gia h khng v.v u khng phi tht cht, ch l sn phm tng tng ca thc. b. Hu cht c nh cnh: thc ti to nhng nh tng khi duyn cnh qua 5 cn, bng chng t v hin hnh (ca A li da lin tc p i: nng hun v s hun), v vy nhng nh tng sanh khi c bn cht vay mn. Cc nh tng (tng phn) v thc (kin phn) sanh ra t cng mt chng t, nn gi l c nh. Cnh l s duyn. Thc l nng duyn. Cnh v thc u c th tnh ring. Th ca Tnh cnh, xem gii thch trn. Thc nng duyn: tr thc Mt na, 7 thc cn li u s dng bn thn tm thc v nhng tm s ph thuc lm th tnh. Th ca c nh cnh l ly kin phn ca thc t bin hin gi lp lm tng phn; (r rng) th ca thc nng duyn chnh l t thn thc v nhng tm s ph thuc. Th ca i cht cnh l (thc nng duyn) t bin khi, khong gia (thc v cnh) gi lp ra tng phn (c bn cht s y ch khng c t tng ca cnh); ( y) th ca thc nng duyn l thc, thc Mt na v nhng tm s ph thuc. V vy, cu tng trn ni thc th su c i tng nhn thc gm c 3 cnh. Ng cu thc khi trong trng hp tri gic thun ty [49], th t ti cnh t tng, chnh l Tnh cnh. thc duyn tm v tm s l i cht cnh. thc duyn cc php khng c tht th [50] l c nh cnh. Ba trng hp trn y l ng v lnh vc phm phu hu lu m ni. ng v lnh vc Thnh gi v lu th 8 thc u duyn 3 cnh. Ni v 3 cnh, ngi Huyn Trang, da theo thuyt ca ngi H Php, c son ra bi tng rng: Tnh cnh bt ty tm c nh duy tng kin i cht thng tnh bn Tnh chng ng ty ng. (Tnh cnh l lnh vc t thn ca thc ti khng chu tc dng ca tm phn bit [bt ty tm]. c nh cnh l th gii nh tng do thc to

dng khi n hot ng c lp, v vy c nh cnh ly kin phn ca thc t bin lm th [duy tng kin]. i cht cnh lin h [lin i] vi tnh thc [ thc] v cn bn thc [A li da thc], l lnh vc ca tng [i tng ca thc] m trong tng phn s duyn c cu to trn nn tng kin phn ca tnh thc hay cn bn thc [thng tnh bn]. Tnh chng l A li da thc v cc thc khc, ty theo hot dng ca mi thc m tng ng vi Tnh cnh, c nh cnh hay i cht cnh [ng ty ng]). Tam gii lun thi d kh tri (D bit c hnh tng ca thc th su khi n lun chuyn trong 3 ci) Tam gii, gii thch chng trc. Lun, l lun chuyn. Cu tng mun ni, thc th su qua li ba ci rt d bit, do hnh tng ca n hin by mt cch r rng v hn hn cc thc khc. thc (a con ngi n cc no ng sanh t hay gii thot, bi l n) l ng lc ln nht v ch yu lm pht sanh hnh ng ca thn th v ngn ng: ng thn pht ng c vi ti. Tng ng tm s ng thp nht (Thc th su thch ng vi 51 loi tm s) Trong 8 thc tm vng ch c thc th su l tng ng c 51 mn tm s, cng h tng nhau, khng chng tri nhau. Nm tm s bin hnh, 5 tm s bit cnh, 11 tm s thin, 3 phin no cn bn (tham, sn, si), 2 phin no trung ty, 8 phin no i ty, tt c gii chng trc. Chng ny ch gii 3 phin no cn bn cn li (mn, nghi, c kin), 10 phin no tiu ty v 4 tm s bt nh. Ba cn bn phin no l: mn, nghi v c kin. 1. Mn (kiu ngo): c tnh ca tm s ny l cy (ti nng hay th lc) mnh m t thi cao ngo, khinh khi. Hot dng ca mn l lm nhn sanh ra cc ti kh v lm chng ngi tm khng kiu ngo. Ngi c tm kiu ngo th tm l ct cao, khng c s khim tn i vi tnh c (v lu ca bn tm) v ngi c o c; do y, dng sanh t lun chuyn khng cng, chu cc kh no. 2. Nghi (hoi nghi): c tnh ca tm s ny l do d (hoi nghi, hoang mang) i vi cc chn l chc tht (t ). Hot dng ca nghi l lm

chng ngi thin php v tr ngi tm khng hoi nghi. Chnh tm l do d (hoi nghi) m iu lnh chng th pht sanh. 3. c kin (thy bit sai lm): c tnh ca tm s ny l hiu bit, suy lun in o v cc chn l chc tht (t ). Hot dng ca c kin l lm chng ngi s thy bit thin php (chn chnh) v gy to ti kh. Chnh s thy bit in o (thc lon) m kh au (phi chu) cng thm nhiu. c kin c 5 loi: mt l, thn kin (chp c s tn ti ca ng); hai l, bin kin (chp mt bn: thng kin, cht ri vn thng cn, [hay] on kin, cht ri th mt hn); ba l, t kin (ph nh l nhn qu); bn l, kin th (chp kin gii sai lm cho l chn l); nm l, gii cm th (chp gi nhng tc l c h, gii lut sai lm). Mi phin no tiu ty: (do mi loi t lc sanh khi, phm vi tng ng nh hp, nn gi l tiu) 1. Phn (gin di): c tnh ca tm s ny l ni gin vi cnh tri nghch trc mt. Hot dng ca phn l mun chng tr v chng ngi tm khng ni gin. Ngi ni gin th phn nhiu biu l qua c ch v nt mt hung d. 2. Hn (on hn): c tnh ca tm s ny l kt on, do trc ni gin, sau m lng on ght khng tha. Hot dng ca hn l nng ny v chng ngi tm khng on hn. Ngi on hn th khng th nut hn, chp nhn, thng th hay nng ny. Phn v hn thuc v tm sn. 3. Ph (che giu): c tnh ca tm s ny l che giu ti li ca mnh lm v s mt ting tm v li lc. Hot dng ca ph l n nn, bun phin v chng ngi tm khng che giu. Ngi che giu ti li th sau thng hi hn, phin mun, tm khng an n. Ph thuc v tm tham v si. 4. No (bc tc): c tnh ca tm s ny l bc tc, do trc phn hn (gin hn), chm nc thnh hung d. Hot dng ca no l chm chch i phng (qua c ch v li ni) v chng ngi tm khng bc tc. No thuc v tm sn. 5. Tt (ganh ght): c tnh ca tm s ny l ganh ght, th mnh b mng chy theo danh li ch chng chu ngi khc c thng tin. Hot dng ca tt l lo ru v chng ngi tm khng ganh ght. Ngi c lng k th khi thy, nghe ngi khc c vinh hoa lin m lng su kh, lo bun, tm khng an n. Tt thuc v tm sn.

6. Xan (keo bn): c tnh ca tm s ny l bn xn, khng chu x b tin ti hay chia s gio php cho ngi. Hot dng ca xan l keo kit, tch cha v chng ngi tm khng bn xn. Ngi bn xn thng c tm l hp hi, keo rt, a tch cha ti vt m khng mun cho ngi. Xan thuc v tm tham. 7. Cung (di tr): c tnh ca tm s ny l gi di, qi quyt bng cch gi b biu hin l ngi c c c li dng v ting khen. Hot dng ca cung l mu sanh bt chnh (= t mng: cch sng khng trong sch) v chng ngi tm khng di tr. Ngi di tr th lng m p toan tnh, thng biu l nhiu vic khng tht v cch sng khng trong sch. Cung thuc v tm tham v si. 8. Sim (dua nnh): c tnh ca tm s ny l dua nnh quanh co ch la di ngi bng ci v b ngoi khc vi ni tm (= l ming v t mu thun nhau, v mu thun vi o php). Hot dng ca sim khc l ni nng b , nnh ht v chng ngi tm khng dua nnh (= tm cht trc). Dua nnh quanh co ch di tr ngi bng cch di lp nhng phng cch lm sao ly lng ngi khc, bit khi no th a dua, khi no th quanh co. Sim khc cn c ngha l kho (quanh co) che giu lm li ca mnh, bt chp li khuyn rn chn thnh ca thy bn. Sim thuc v tm tham v si. 9. Hi (tn hi): c tnh ca tm s ny l lm thng tn v ri lon v mt tm l ca ngi khc, do thiu lng bi mn. Hot dng ca hi l ln hip khin cho ngi sanh bc tc, v chng ngi tm khng tn hi. Ngi c tm tn hi th a thch thy ngi khc su kh. Hi thuc v tm sn. 10. Kiu (kiu ngo): c tnh ca tm s ny l kiu hnh v cao ngo, v t nhn l thnh cng trong s nghip (nh c giu sang, quyn th, c ti nng), ri t mnh m su, m say vo s tn thng y. Hot dng ca kiu l ch da cho php tp nhim (= phin no v ty phin no), v chng ngi tm khng kiu ngo. Ngi c tm kiu ngo th ln ln sanh trng tt c (phin no v nghip) tp nhim. Kiu thuc v tm tham. Trong 20 mn ty phin no, th 10 mn tiu ty ( trn) v 3 tm s: phng dt, tht nim, bt chnh tri (ca i ty) thuc v phn sai bit ca phin no cn bn (, do khng c bit th nn c mt phn c tnh ca phin no cn bn). By tm s cn li (v tm, v qi thuc trung ty, v bt tn, gii

i, hn trm, tro c, tn lon ca i ty) thuc v tnh ng lu (, do c bit th nhng c cng c tnh vi phin no cn bn). Bn tm s bt nh: Ni v 4 mn tm s bt nh, Duy thc tam thp tng c ghi: Bt nh v hi, min Tm, t, nh cc nh. (Tm s bt nh l: hi, min, tm v t; mi mn u 2 tnh thin v c (tnh v nhim)). Bn mn tm s bt nh ny khng ging vi 5 loi tm s trc (bin hnh, bit cnh, thin, phin no v ty phin no). Ch nh (nht nh), c ngha l bin khp 8 thc, 3 tnh, tt c thi v 9 a. Bn tm s ny mang ngha bt nh. (ngha l khng nht nh l thin hay c). Lun Du gi dng 4 nht thit (: thc, tnh, a v thi) gii thch 5 loi tm s khc nhau: 1. tm s bin hnh c 4 nht thit; 2. tm s bit cnh c nht thit thc (8 thc tm vng) v nht thit tnh (thin, c v v k); 3. tm s thin c nht thit a (3 ci, 9 a); 4. cn bn v ty phin no khng c 4 nht thit; 5. tm s bt nh ch c nht thit tnh. 1. Hi (n nn): Hi c ngha l tc [51] (ght vic lm). tc l nhn, hi l th ca tc. V th tc l nhn, nn lun ni rng, hi c ngha l tc, chnh l da vo ngha nhn qu. c tnh ca tm s ny l hi hn nghip c lm. Hot dng ca hi l chng ngi s tu ch. Ch, xa ma tha, l ngng li mi ngh tng v ng yn ni chnh nim. 2. Min (thy min): c tnh ca tm s ny l l ng, m ng, lm cho thn khng t ti, tm rt m mui. Hot dng ca min l chng ngi tu qun. Qun, t bt x na, l nhip cnh theo tm, ly qun tr (do vn, t, tu) lm th. Vn t ra l, nu khi m ng l khng c tm thc th lm sao c tc dng lm cho thn khng t ti, tm rt m mui ? c tc dng th phi c tm thc, v tm s thy min l mt tht th c tc dng ca n. 3. Tm (tm cu): c tnh ca tm s ny l chuyn ng vng v (th chuyn), lm cho tm thc ( thc) chuyn i vi vng trong ngn cnh.

4. T (qun st): c tnh ca tm s ny l chuyn ng iu luyn (t chuyn), lm cho tm thc ( thc) chuyn i chm ri trong ngn cnh. Hot dng ca 2 tm s ny c cn c v phn nh trn tc dng lm cho thn tm an hay thn tm bt an. Th no l ngn cnh? Cnh l i tng ca thc, v thc nm gi i tng phn nhiu bng danh ngn (= khi nim), cho nn gi l ngn cnh (cnh danh ngn ca thc). Tm v t u s dng mt phn ca tm s t v tm s tu lm th tnh. Nu khin tm an l do thc nhn thc cnh qua mt phn ca tm s t. Nu khin tm bt an l do thc nhn thc cnh qua mt phn ca tm s tu. Tm s t mang tnh chm ri (trong vic lo ngh, to tc) nn c s tinh t. Tm s tu mang tnh mau l (trong vic sng sut la chn) nn c s th ng. Nh vy, tm an th c ci dng ca tm s t, khng c tm s tu; cn tm bt an th c ci dng ca tm s tu, khng c tm s t. trn ni, tm v t u s dng mt phn ca tm s t v tm s tu lm th tnh, l th no? Ngi H Php gii thch rng, c s h tng trong tnh cch phi hp gia phn ph vi phn chnh. Nu dng tm s t lm chnh, th tm s tu ty theo tm s t m c tc dng khin tm an. Nu dng tm s tu lm chnh, th tm s t ty theo tm s tu m c tc dng khin tm bt an. Ni cch khc, tm v t u s dng t v tu m khng c s chng tri nhau. Ngha tng ng (= ha hp vi nhau) ny c 5 yu t l: thi, s y, hnh tng, s duyn v s. Th d, tm vng v tm s: ng thi sanh khi, ng mt s y l cn bn thc, ng c chung hnh tng l kin phn, ng mt s duyn, ng mt th s, cho nn ni c s tng ng. Thin c lm thi bit phi chi (Thc th su ring bit phi hp: khi th vi tm s thin, lc th vi tm s c) thc khi gp cnh thin th cng vi tm s thin tng ng. thc khi gp cnh bt thin hay v k th cng tm s bt thin hay v k tng ng. Cho nn ni l ty thi ring phi hp. Theo l lun bn, ly tnh suy xt cng c th bit c iu ny. Tnh, gii, th tam hng chuyn dch (Thc th su thng xuyn chuyn i gia 3 tnh, gia 3 ci, v gia 5 th)

Cu tng ny ni, thc th su lc no cng t chuyn ng lin tc theo 3 tnh (thin, c, v k), 3 gii (Dc, Sc, V sc) v 5 th (kh, lc, u, h, x), do hnh tng ca n d t thay i, d t vt thot. Ring v 5 th, lun thuyt c ch khng ging nhau. Thc th by v thc th tm ch c x th. Nm thc trc chuyn bin c kh th v lc th. V thc th su, c 2 lun s ni khc nhau. Lun s th nht ni, nu a [52] vn c kh (= tp nhim) th thc th su gm 5 th. Lun s th hai ni, nu a khng c kh th thc th su ch c 3 th l u, h v x. Ni n 2 hnh thi cm th: kh qu v vui qu, vn t ra l, khi thc xc i cnh kh qu hay cnh vui qu, th ci kh y hay ci vui y c tc ng vo tm thc khng? Cu tr li l, ci kh a ngc V gin hay ci vui ci tri tam thin, trong , thc lm sao c th qun mt c cnh thun nghch. (Ni cch khc, thc c mt trong 3 gii). Thn bc bch hay a thch, gi l kh th hay lc th. Tm bc bch hay a thch, gi l u th hay h th. Tm khng bc bch, cng khng a thch, gi l x th. Ly l m suy, v lun s ni, a vn c kh, cho thy ngha rt ro ca thc l vy. Cn, ty, tn ng tng tng lin (Cn bn phin no, ty phin no, bin hnh, bit cnh v bt nh, tc 51 tm s ni tip nhau chuyn i theo thc) Ch ng ch cho cc loi tm s cn li nh: bin hnh, bit cnh v bt nh. Cc php nhim tnh, tc 51 mn tm s cng ni tip nhau chuyn i theo thc, ging nh 3 tnh, 3 gii, 5 th ni trn. ng thn, pht ng c vi ti (Thc th su vt tri hn cc thc khc trong vic pht ng thn nghip v khu nghip) Trong 8 thc tm vng, hnh tng ca thc vt tri hn c, v tnh cht ch o trong vic lm cho thn th hnh ng v ngn ng pht sanh. i tha Thnh nghip lun (do b tt Th Thn son) ni v thc nh sau: Bn ngoi thn th hnh ng, ngn ng pht sanh, chng t bn trong c ci tm t duy; ging nh c n np di y nc, thy mt nc khua ng, chng t c c. Hot dng ca thc l s t duy. T duy c 3 loi: mt l, t duy xem xt, toan tnh (thm l t); hai l, t duy qu quyt, khng nh (quyt nh

t); ba l, t duy khi ng, pht sanh [qua thn th v ngn ng] (ng pht t). Cc thc khc khng c hot dng rng ri nh vy, cho nn ni thc ti thng hn cc thc khc. Dn mn nng chiu nghip lc khin ( thc c nng lc to nhip: dn nghip v mn nghip, v chiu qu: tng qu v bit qu) thc c th mt mnh to ra 2 nghip l dn nghip v mn nghip. Hai nghip ny c nng lc chiu cm 2 qu l tng qu v bit qu (tng bo v bit bo), v l sc mnh th thng ca nghip. Dn nghip, l nghip c cng nng dn ko. Mn nghip, l nghip lm trn y tng qu. Th d nh ngi ha s, trc phc ha tng th (= dn nghip), sau mi v k chi tit (= mn nghip). Ngha ny nn bit. Trong lun c ni 4 trng hp nghip dn: mt l, 1 nghip dn ra 1 qu; hai l, 1 nghip dn ra nhiu qu; ba l, nhiu nghip dn ra 1 qu; bn l, nhiu nghip dn ra nhiu qu. Qua y cho thy thc c nng lc to nghip, chiu qu. Mt phn thin c ca 5 thc trc cng c th to nghip. Thc th by v thc th tm, c hai khng th to nghip, v l tnh cht v k. Nu bn chung v 8 thc th: chiu nghip thnh qu, l thc th 8 v 1 phn ca 6 thc trc; khng c to nghip chiu qu, ch c thc th by. Mt phn ca 6 thc trc, l ni n tnh cht thin v bt thin (ca 6 thc ). Tng bo, l qu bo tng th ca d thc nh ng lnh, ng d (, tc nhng no ng sanh t, do dn nghip ca thc th 8 lm nghip ch yu chiu cm). Bit bo, l qu bo sai bit (trong tng bo) nh sng lu hay cht yu, giu sang hay ngho hn, p hay xu v.v (, mun ngn sai bit, do mn nghip ca 6 thc trc lm tng thng duyn). Pht khi s tm Hoan h a ( s tm Hoan h a, thc pht khi c ci nng lc th thng v lu c th tc thnh mi ngha li cho mnh v ngi) Hoan h a, s tm ca thc chuyn thnh v lu, bi v 2 chng phn bit ng chp v php chp (cng nhng s tp nhim trong c o [53] ) u on tr. Hi: Ba i on ht (lu) hoc hay sao? Nu hin ti on ht hoc, th hoc v tr chng cng sanh. Qu kh dit, v lai cha sanh, nh vy giai on no?

p: Ch bn lun khi tr khi th hoc tr, cho nn thi v lai, th ca hoc khng th tip tc sanh khi, v gi l on. Cu sanh du t hin trin mien (Tuy nhin, Hoan h a, vn cn c cu sanh ng chp v php chp cho nn vn cn c nhng hin hnh v chng t sanh khi) Trin l hin hnh (ngu ti). Min l chng t (nng n). Khi s tm Hoan h a, thc vn cn c hin hnh v chng t ca cu sanh phin no chng v s tri chng, do v thc cha thun v lu. thc li khng thng an tr trong s ch qun v ng khng v php khng. Vin hnh a hu thun v lu (Sau Vin hnh a th thc mi thun v lu) Vin hnh a tc l tht a. thc t tht a tr v trc, chng t hu lu v v lu chen nhau sanh khi, do thc cha thng an tr trong ch qun. T tht a tr v sau th thc mi thun v lu, do chng t cu sanh phin no chng v s tri chng khng cn hin hnh na, m thng an tr ni ch qun. Tuy nhin, ch qun v ng khng (sanh khng) th vin mn. Ch qun v php khng cn gin on (v thiu st). Li na, trong 10 a, 5 a u phn nhiu l ch qun hu tng, phn t l ch qun v tng. a th su, phn t l ch qun hu tng, phn nhiu l ch qun v tng. T a th by tr ln l thun ch qun v tng. Qun st vin minh chiu i thin (By gi, thc tht s chuyn thnh Diu quan st tr, c hot dng trn sng chiu soi khp i thin th gii) Thc th su s tm Hoan h a tuy khng cn 2 chng phn bit ng chp v php chp, chuyn thnh v lu, nhng vn cn chng t cu sanh phin no chng v s tri chng hin hnh trong cc a: Ly cu a, Pht quang a, Dim tu a, Nan thng a, Hin tin a. n a th by, Vin hnh a, th chng t cu sanh ca 2 chng vnh vin b hng phc, khng cn sanh khi na. By gi, v lu tnh thc thng hng sanh khi, thc vn tng ng cc tm s nay chuyn thnh Diu qun st tr, lun

trn sng (vin minh), chiu khp i thin th gii. Khng ni chiu soi mt th gii l v Diu qun st tr c cng nng chiu soi khp c vy. ---o0o---

Chng 3: THC TH BY
i cht, hu ph, thng tnh bn (Thc th by duyn vi i cht cnh, tng ng vi hu ph v k tnh, t thng c thc v bn thc) Cu tng ny ni v thc th by. Trong 3 tnh: thin, c v v k, thc th by ch tng ng vi v k tnh (trung tnh). Trong 4 tnh: thin, c, hu ph v k (trung tnh m c nhim) v v ph v k (trung tnh m khng nhim), thc th by tng ng vi hu ph v k tnh. Trong 3 cnh, thc th by ch duyn vi i cht cnh, do ly tm duyn tm. Ch tm trc l kin phn. Ch tm sau l bn cht. ( l thc th by ly kin phn ca mnh duyn qua kin phn ca thc th tm, nn gia 2 thc ny sanh ra 1 tng phn, gi l chn i cht cnh.) Tng phn mang (i) bn cht (= tnh cht ca cn bn thc) m sanh khi, gi l i cht. Ni khc l, tng phn mang kin phn ca thc th tm m sanh khi. V sao chng ni l mang (i) tnh cnh (cnh ca thc)? V tnh cnh th trn ngp trong c nh cnh (ca thc), nn khng cp n trong thc th by. Ty duyn [54] chp ng, lng vi phi (Thc th by do thc A li da sanh ra, ri tr li duyn thc A li da chp lm t ng. Trong 3 lng, thc ny thuc v phi lng) Thc th by theo st thc th tm, ly kin phn ca thc th tm lm i tng chp ng. Chp c ngha l m p, vng mc. Thc th by y cu sanh ng chp v php chp, cng nhau nhm vn sanh khi. Thc th by khng c ranh gii phn bit ci no l ng chp, ci no l php chp. V sao? V s sanh khi v mt t duy, so lng ca thc th by khng c mnh vy. Trong 3 lng, thc ny thuc v phi lng. Hnh thi nhn thc ca thc ny l bit sai lm v ng, l lun c thc t ng, cho nn gi l phi lng.

Bt i, bin hnh, bit cnh tu Tham, si, ng kin, mn tng ty (Thc th by tng ng vi 8 phin no i ty, 5 tm s bin hnh, 1 tm s tu trong bit cnh v 4 phin no cn bn l: tham, si, mn v ng kin) Hai cu tng trn ni v cc mn tm s ca thc th by. Thc ny khi duyn cnh th thch ng vi 8 mn i ty phin no (tro c, hn trm, bt tn, gii i, phng dt, tht nim, tn lon v bt chnh tri), vi 5 mn bin hnh (tc , xc, th, tng v t), vi tm s tu trong 5 mn bit cnh (dc, thng gii, nim, nh v tu) v vi 4 mn phin no cn bn (tham, si, mn v ng kin). Ngoi 18 mn tm s va nu, cc tm s khc v sao khng tng ng vi thc th by? Dc l tm mong cu nhng vic cha thnh, cha va . Thc ny ch nhm vn (= khng cn tc ) vin theo cnh thnh, va , khng c tm mong cu g na, v vy thc ny khng c tm s dc. Thng gii l ghi nhn v gn gi nhng cnh (trong lc) cha i n s quyt nh. Thc ny t v th lun vin theo cnh quyt nh v ch tri qua s ghi nhn v gn gi nh th, v vy thc ny khng c thng gii. Nim l nh li nhng s vic tng hun tp. Thc ny lun duyn theo cnh hin ti ang tip nhn, khng c s nh li (cnh qu kh), v vy thc ny khng c nim. nh l buc tm chuyn ch vo mt i tng. Thc ny trong tng st na nhm vn vin theo nhng i tng khc nhau, khng c s chuyn nht (vo mt i tng no c), v vy thc ny khng c nh. Tm s tu cng tc l ng kin (= ci thy theo thc t ng). T ng kin m trin khai ra 51 mn tm s khc nhau. thc t ng (ng kin) ca thc ny cn tm s tu lm duyn t quyt nh cho ci thc ly A li da lm t ng. Cc thin tm s (11 mn) l ng v mt thanh tnh m ni, nn thc ny khng thch ng.

Cn bn phin no v ty phin no bao gm 26 mn, ni tng qut th u thch ng vi ng kin. Tuy nhin, i su chi tit th thy thc th by: v thm st quyt nh chp (A li da lm) ng nn khng cn khi tm s nghi; v thm st luyn i ni ng (ng i) nn chng sanh tm s sn. Ni tm, thc th by ch thch ng vi 4 mn phin no l: tham, si, mn v ng kin. Hnh tng ca 10 mn tiu ty phin no nh phn, hn, ph, no v.v th th ng, cn hnh tng ca thc ny li thm t, cho nn khng c s thch ng vi nhau. Hai mn trung ty (v tm, v qi) thuc v bt thin, cn thc th by thuc v v k tnh, cho nn cng khng c s thch ng vi nhau. C thuyt cho rng, thc ny khng tng ng vi i ty phin no. Nu khng c tm s hn trm th thc ny phi khng chc c tnh khng kham nhm (khng th gnh vc c vic g c), (nhng s tht th thc ny c tnh y). Nu khng c tm s tro c th thc ny phi khng c tnh no ng, v nh vy th thc ny hn phi mang tnh cht nh cc tm s thin, ngha l chng phi cng v nhim . nh (cho rng thc ny l) tm nhim m khng c tm s tn lon, th (thc ny) phi khng c tnh rong rui, nn (thc ny) chng phi l tm thc nhim . Nu khng c tht nim, bt chnh tri, th thc ny lm sao c kh nng sanh khi phin no hin tin? Nh vy, thc th by, cn gi l nhim [55] , nht nh cng tng ng vi 8 mn i ty phin no m sanh khi (hot dng thc t ng). Ni v 4 mn tm s bt nh. tc l n nn vic lm qua, cn thc ny th nhm vn (t ng, khng cn tc ) lun vin theo cnh hin ti, khng phi vic qua, nn khng thch ng vi tm s hi. Thy min l da vo tnh trng thn nng n, tm m mui, v c khi tm sanh khi c l nh s gip sc ca cc duyn bn ngoi, cn thc ny t v th ch chp ng bn trong khng nh cc duyn bn ngoi, nn khng thch ng vi tm s thy min. Tm v t u hng vo i tng bn ngoi m chuyn vn: t duy c cn su, chuyn ng c th t. Thc th by ny ch hng vo i tng bn trong m chuyn vn, thc A li da lm t ng, nn khng thch ng vi tm s tm v t. Hng thm t lng ng tng ty (Thc th by thng xuyn t thc v t ng)

Thc th by thng xuyn suy xt, ngh tng, so o, chp kin phn ca thc th tm lm t ng, cho nn ni hng thm t lng ng tng ty. thc t ng (thm) trong tm thc tm vng c i chiu theo tnh cht thng hng (lin tc tip ni khng gin on) qua t c phn bit sau y: 1. Hng m khng thm: Thc th tm khng c chp ng, (v A li da chnh l t ng hng chuyn) khng gin on (m chng sanh t thc chp ly). 2. Thm m khng hng: Thc th su ly s chp ng ca thc th by lm ch da, nhng c lc gin on. 3. Va hng va thm: Thc th by chp A li da lm t ng, khng c lc no m khng chp. 4. Khng hng khng thm: Nm thc trc khng c chp ng, (nn vn thng xuyn chp ng khng t ra). Ngi H Php b tt ni: Ng, bt v php dic v nhn Lc, tht nh thc thm qun bnh (Nm thc trc v thc th tm khng c chp php v chp ng. Thc th su v thc th by rt bng nhau: mt bn chp php, mt bn chp ng) Hu tnh nht d trn hn m (Chng sanh hu tnh ngy m b che lp hn m bi s chp ng ca thc th by) Hu tnh lu chuyn trong m di sanh t m chng t thc tnh l do lun c ci thc t ng ca thc th by. Thc ny thch ng v cng sanh khi vi 4 mn phin no cn bn v 8 mn phin no i ty. T hoc, bt i tng ng khi

(Bn phin no cn bn v 8 phin no i ty tng ng sanh khi vi thc th by) Cu tng ny gii thch ngha ca cu tng trc. T hoc, l 4 mn phin no cn bn: ng si, ng kin, ng mn, ng i. Bt i, l 8 mn phin no i ty: tro c, hn trm, bt tn, gii i, phng dt, tht nim, tn lon, bt chnh tri. T hoc v bt i u c gii thch. Ni chung, phin no cn bn khng phi l y tha khi tnh, cn phin no ty thuc l y tha khi tnh. Lc chuyn h vi nhim tnh y (Thc th su chuyn i theo thc t ng. Chnh thc t ng lm cho tm thc tp nhim hay chuyn i i m lm cho tm thc thanh tnh. Do m ( nhim) c gi l nhim tnh y) Thc th su gi thc th by l nhim tnh y. Khi thc th by cn a v hu lu (th gian), thng xuyn thc A li da lm t ng nn thc th su theo mi nim m thnh nhim (= phm phu). Khi thc th by t n a v v lu (xut th gian), thng xuyn ng nhp v ng nn thc th su theo mi nim m thnh thanh tnh (= thnh gi). Nh vy, thc th su thnh nhim hay thanh tnh u do thc th by c. Cc h s tm bnh ng tnh ( s tm ca Cc h a, thc th by ang chuyn thnh bnh ng tnh tr) a th nht gi l Cc h, s tm ca thc th by chuyn thnh v lu. By gi thc ny tng ng vi (c tnh ca mt trong t tr) tm phm, ang trong giai on chuyn i thnh tr, v thc th su cng chuyn thnh v lu, do thc th su i vo ch qun v ng khng (sanh khng) v php khng. S i vo ch qun v ng khng ca thc th su lm chng ngi ci chp t ng ca thc th by khng cho sanh khi, tuy nhin, (chng t) php chp ca thc th by vn cn, cho nn lun ni rng: n chp Mt na c chng v/ Bnh ng tnh tr bt hin tin (Chng t php chp ca Mt na vn cn th Bnh ng tnh tr cha hin tin). Khi thc th su i vo ch qun v ng khng v php khng th chng ngi cho thc th by sanh khi chng t ng chp v php chp, cho nn lun ni rng: Song chp Mt na qui chng v/ Bnh ng tnh tr

phng hin tin (Chng t ng chp v php chp khng cn th Bnh ng tnh tr mi hin tin). Thc th by khng c nng lc on hoc v on chp, ton nh thc th su on dm cho. V vy c cu tng: Phn bit nh chng Cc h v Lc tht cu sanh a a tr tht tu o tr chng hin Kim cang o hu tng giai v. ( a v Cc h th c hai chng phn bit (ng chp v php chp) b i tr bi s ch qun ca thc th su cho n khng cn. Tuy nhin, cu sanh ng chp v php chp ca thc th by phi nh thc th su ( v lu) on tr t t, tri qua cc a. n a v tu o, tc t Bt ng a tr ln th thc th by mi tr c chng t v hin hnh ca ng chp. Khi chng Kim cang o th thc ny chuyn thnh tr, cu sanh php chp by gi khng cn na). Ni tm, thc th by thnh c v lu ton l nh thc th su tu ch qun i tr s chng ngi ca hoc tp nhim (= ng si, ng kin, ng mn, ng i) v chng c s thanh tnh ca lc tng thng [56] . V cng dng hnh ng hng ti (n a th tm, a m c v cng dng hnh, th ng chp ca thc th by mi c ph tr) T a th tm tr v trc, thc th by vn cn chp php, nhng chp ng c lc gin on. l do th th su khng thng xuyn an tr ni ch qun v ng khng v php khng. n a th tm, gi l Bt ng a, (v c v cng dng i vi v tng v trong cc tng th khng cn b phin no hin hnh lm xao ng), th chng t ng chp ca thc th by mi b on tr, nhng chng t php chp vn cn sanh khi c gin on. l do thc th su thng an tr ni ch qun v ng khng. V sao chng on c chng t php chp? V chng t php chp khng lm chng ngi nhn t (v duyn t ni ti m cc php sanh, cc php thnh, cc php sanh thnh ri tc dng), l lun thch ng vi trin mien [57], nhm vn [58] sanh khi, th (ca n v tng rt) vi t, tnh hu ph (nn nhim) vy.

Nh lai hin khi tha th dng Thp a b tt s b c (Khi thc th by chuyn thnh Bnh ng tnh tr th c nng lc ha hin tha th dng thn, nh c Nh lai ha hin tha th dng thn gio ha cho cc hng b tt Thp a) Khi thc th by tr thnh v lu th tng ng vi Bnh ng tnh tr. qu v Pht, Bnh ng tnh tr c nng lc ha hin ra 10 loi thn tha th dng. tc nng lc gio ha ca Pht, v i tng c gio ha y l b tt thp a. Bnh ng tnh tr c nng lc hin khi tha th dng thn l da vo ngha th thng (so vi 3 tr kia) m ni nh vy, k tht bn tr u c nng lc hin khi tha th dng thn. ---o0o---

Chng 4: THC TH TM
Tnh duy v ph, ng bin hnh (Thc th tm mang tnh cht v ph v k, v tng ng vi 5 tm s Bin hnh) Cu tng ny ni v thc th tm. Trong 4 tnh: thin, bt thin, hu ph v k, v ph v k, thc th tm thuc v ph v k, v thc ny khng mang tnh nhim (nn gi l v ph), v thc ny l s y cho thanh tnh v tp nhim mt cch bnh ng khng chng tri nhau (nn gi l v k), v thc ny c ci nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (, tc ni kh nng tip nhn cc php tp nhim hun tp ri lm nhn sanh ra cc php y). Khi duyn cnh, thc ny cng tng ng vi 5 tm s bin hnh: xc, tc , th, tng, t; nhng khng tng ng vi cc tm s khc. V sao? Tnh cht v k (trung tnh) l khng phi thin, khng phi c. Khng phi thin nn thc ny khng cng tng ng vi tm s thin, v khng phi c nn thc ny khng cng tng ng vi tm s c. Gii a ty tha nghip lc sanh

(Thc th tm ty theo nghip lc thin hay c m biu hin trong 3 ci, 9 a) Thc th tm chuyn hin trong 3 ci, 9 a, 5 ng, ty theo sc ca nghip thin hay c m chiu cm qu bo d thc. Thc th tm vi c tnh lm ch th tham d vo tng bo v bao qut tt c t th ([sanh mng] khc nhau) trong 3 ci, mi ng lnh ng d. c tnh lm ch th nh vy c 4 ngha: mt l, thc th tm l cn bn ca cc php hin hu, ni khc, n va l cht liu, va l t hp cho tt c t th v mi trng trong t th tn ti; hai l, thc th tm mang c tnh hng chuyn, ngha l t v th n thun nht [59] lin tc tip ni thng hng khng gin on; ba l, thc th tm khng mang tnh nhim nn l v ph, do v khng b trm kn bi khch trn phin no a; bn l, thc th tm c gi l thc d thc (= nghip thc), v n a n kt qu thnh thc ca nghip thin v bt thin trong cc ci, mi ng lnh ng d v trong cc sanh loi khc nhau. Trong tm thc, ch c thc th tm l hon ton do nghip lc hun tp. Thc th by tri li hon ton khng do nghip lc hun tp (, v n lun lun bm st A li da v vin chp A li da lm t ng = y b chuyn, duyn b). Su thc trc th c mt phn do nghip lc hun tp v mt phn khng do nghip lc hun tp. y l ni v s hun tp ca nghip thin v nghip bt thin (qua 8 thc tm vng). Tnh cht v k ca thc th tm c v nh cc t kh khng th nn thnh vin, do phi cn c nc, keo v.v ha trn vi t kh mi nn thnh vt c. Cng vy, di tc ng trc tip ca nghip lc thin c (d cho nc, keo) m thc th tm c th dn ra hin hnh ca n tham d vo 3 ci v 9 a. Cy, v.v t n khng th thnh vt m khng cn lc tc ng, cng vy, thc th tm khng th t chuyn hin v tham d vo gii, a m khng ty thuc vo sc mnh hun tp ca nghip thin, c. Nh tha bt liu nhn m chp (Hng nh tha do khng hiu r v thc A li da nn m chp cho rng khng c thc A li da) Thc th tm rt vi t, kh nhn bit, cho nn hng nh tha thanh vn (hiu sai v cc php s tri,) khng tin c thc ny, ch chp nhn 6 thc trc c

kh nng th hun v duy tr chng t [60] . l do hng nh tha tm tr cn ct m c ra s m chp nh vy. Do th nng hng lun ch tranh (Bi vy mi c s vic tranh lun v thc th tm gia cc lun s i tha v lun s tiu tha) Do hng nh tha khng hiu, cho rng khng c thc th tm, cho nn cc lun s i tha vin dn 3 kinh, 4 tng, 5 gio, 10 l chng minh rng c thc th tm. Kinh A t t ma, kinh Gii thm mt v kinh Lng gi l 3 b kinh i tha m tiu tha b phi khng chp nhn. i chng b c kinh A cp ma, Thng ta b c lun Phn bit, Ha a b v Thuyt nht thit hu b c kinh Tng nht. Ba kinh lun ny c 4 b phi tiu tha v i tha chp nhn. Bi tng Thp chng sau y nu ra 10 c tnh chng minh s hin hu ca thc th tm: Tr chng, d thc tm Th sanh, hu, th thc Sanh t, duyn, y thc Dit nh tm, nhim tnh. (Thc th tm l thc chng t c cng nng duy tr chng t, l thc (tm) d thc v l a n kt qu chn mui (thc) ca nghip thin v bt thin trong cc ci, mi ng lnh ng d v trong cc sanh loi khc nhau. kit sanh lin tc ri th chnh thc d thc chp th sc cn v s y ca cc sc cn (= chp th thn th v th gii ca thn th). A li da c c tnh lm nhn trong s kt sanh lin tc (sanh) nn gi l thc chng t. A li da c c tnh lm qu trong s lnh th qu d thc sau khi cht (t) nn gi l thc d thc. A li da lm nhn duyn cho cc php sanh khi nn gi l thc nhn duyn. A li da lm thc thc cho hu tnh sanh ra trong ba ci, tc ni s duy tr cn thn ca thc d thc. Nhp dit tn nh th thc d thc vn khng ri thn, v khng do i tr thc y m c dit nh. Tch ri thc chng t d thc th phin no tp nhim v s thanh tnh ca th gian v xut th gian bt thnh, ni khc, A li da vi tnh v k lm s y cho thanh tnh v tp nhim mt cch bnh ng)

Bi tng trn gm 10 ngha sau y: 1. Tr chng tm: a. Nh kinh i tha A t t ma cng c bi chnh c sau y: V th thi lai gii Nht thit php ng y Do th hu ch th Cp nit bn c chng. (Gii [= thc chng t], t v th n nay, l s y ca ht thy php. Do m c s lun hi trong mi ng lnh ng d v c s chng c qu nit bn.) Bi tng ny ni v t tnh vi t ca thc th tm. Ngang qua tc dng ca thc ny m c th hin th c t tnh ca n. Hai cu u ca bi tng cho thy tc dng nhn duyn ca thc th tm. Hai cu sau l ni tc dng nng ta v duy tr (y tr) ca th, nn, thc (th tm) trong s lu chuyn v hon dit. V th thi lai gii (gii t v th li), l ni c tnh lm nhn ca thc th tm, ngha l thc chng t t v th n nay trin chuyn lin tc tip ni lm nhn pht sanh cc php tp nhim (, tc chng t sanh hin hnh). Nht thit php ng y (ht thy php u nng), l ni c tnh lm duyn ca thc th tm, ngha l thc chp tr t v th n nay lm ch nng ta cho cc php tp nhim, ni khc, thc th tm c nng tnh thu gi chng t nn lm ch nng ta tip nhn cho cc php tp nhim hun tp (, tc hin hnh sanh chng t). Hai cu u ca bi tng gii thch cho tr chng tm. Do th hu ch th (do c cc th), l ni do c thc th tm ny chp tr (chp th v nm gi) tt c php (tp nhim) thun vi s lu chuyn, v vy mi c s lu chuyn sanh t (lun hi) ca cc loi hu tnh. Tuy bit hoc, nghip l nhn ca s lu chuyn (tp ), nhng ch th (ng lnh ng d) l qu bo ca s lu chuyn (kh ), nn nhn mnh im ny. Ch th, cng c th hiu l nng th (nhn) v s th (qu), u cng trong phm vi lu chuyn sanh t, trong tc dng duy tr v nng ta ca thc th tm. Cp nit bn chng c (v nit bn chng c), l ni do c thc th tm ny chp tr (chp th v nm gi) tt c php (thanh tnh) thun vi s hon dit, v vy mi c s chng c nit bn ca ngi tu hnh. y ch ni

phn o nng chng, l con ng a n nit bn (o ), v nit bn khng da thc ny m c. Hoc cng ni l nit bn s chng (dit ), l ch mong cu ca ngi tu hnh. Hoc cng ni nng v s, nhng c hai u nhip vo s hon dit nit bn. Nh vy, hai cu tng sau ni v v lu php nhng cng y vo thc th tm m hin th. b. Kinh i tha A t t ma li c bi tng rng: Do nhip tng ch php Nht thit chng t thc C danh A li da Thng gi [61] ng khai th. (L ci ch thc thu tng chng t ca cc php, nn mnh danh l A li da, i vi ngi thng th Nh lai khai th cho ) Do bn thc th tm y cc chng t nn c kh nng thu gi (nhip tng) cc php tp nhim, theo ngha ny m lp danh A li da. Thc ny t v th cho n Bt ng a khng cn ng chp, tn gi l A li da, dch ngha l tng thc. y l t cng nng m lp danh. c. Kinh Gii thm mt c bi tng: A na thc thm thm t Tp kh chng t nh bc lu Ng phm phu bt khai din Khng b phn bit chp vi ng. (Thc A na cng cc vi t, tt c chng t nh dng nc mnh. Nh lai khng ni cho k phm ngu, s h phn bit chp lm bn ng.) A na, i ng dch l chp tr, tc l thc th tm (m n lc mt na thc: ci thc t ng lc no cng c). V c kh nng chp tr (nm gi) chng t cc php tp nhim, chp th cc sc cn, thn th (= s y ca cc sc cn) v th gii ca cn thn y, chp th s kit sanh lin tc, cho nn thc ny tn l A na. Ni tm, thc ny c 3 ngha nn gi l A na: mt l, chp tr chng t cc php tp nhim khng cho ri mt; hai l, chp th sc cn (= cc gic quan), sanh mng (y) v i sng (x) ca sanh mng y; ba l, chp th s kit sanh lin tc (, ngha l, A na l ch th nm ly sanh mng t khi sanh n khi cht, lin tc nm ly t i sng ny n i sng khc).

Hng hu tnh khng c chng tnh gic ng th khng th nhn thc cng tt cn ca thc A na, nn ni l rt su (= thm thm). Hng nh tha dn thn i ti nit bn th khng th thng t thng ngha ca thc A na, nn ni l vi t. y l ni chng t chn tht (= chng t trong [62] ) c nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (= th hun) ht thy cc php tp nhim, nu c duyn t tc ng th pht sanh cc chuyn thc khc (= thc th dng, l 6 thc trc, th dng qu bo kh vui), v nh (c duyn t lm cho) nhiu cn sng (= chuyn thc) ni ln, nhng bn thn dng nc (= thc A na) vn chy mi, khng t khng ht, nn ni nh dng nc chy mnh (= bc lu). V s k phm ngu (= phm phu v nh tha) i vi thc ny khi tm phn bit, chp lm t ng m a vo cc ng c hay chng ngi s sanh Thnh o, cho nn c Th tn khng ging ni thc ny cho h. Duy c hng b tt i tha th Th tn mi v h m khai th thc ny. Bi tng ny cng chng minh ngha tr chng tm. Su chuyn thc trc (v thc mt na c n lc) khng c ngha tr chng tm. d. Trong kinh Lng gi c bi tng rng: Nh hi ng thun phong Khi chng chng ba lng Hin tin tc dng chuyn V hu gin on thi. Tng thc hi dic nhin Cnh gii phong s kch Dn khi ch thc lng Hin tin tc dng chuyn. (Nh bin gp duyn gi m khi ra th sng mi, ngay trc mt thy tc dng chuyn ng khng c lc no gin on ca sng mi. Bin tng thc cng vy, b gi cnh gii kch ng nn lc no cng sanh khi cc sng thc m hin tin thy chng c tc dng chuyn bin lin tc.) Bi tng ny ni v c tnh ca thc th tm; cc chuyn thc khc khng c c tnh ny. Thc th tm l bin tng thc, v bin tng thc hng khi cc sng thc (6 thc trc) trin chuyn sanh dit, lin tc khng dt. Trn y dn chng 4 bi tng ca kinh lun i tha gii thch ngha tr chng tm ca bi tng Thp chng.

Kinh A cp ma (= A hm) ca i chng b dng mt m ni A li da vi ci tn thc cn bn, do v A li da l s y cho cc chuyn thc. Kinh in Thng ta b v lun Phn bit u c mt gi thc ny l thc hu phn. Hu, l tam hu (3 ci). Phn, l ngha nhn t. Ch c thc th tm hng bin 3 ci v lm nhn t (= thc thc) cho hu tnh sanh ra trong 3 ci. Ha a b dng mt m ni A li da l ci un cng tn sanh t [63] , bi v la A li da th khng c un php no ring khc m c th i n tn cng ngn m sanh t, khng lc no gin on. Kinh Tng nht a hm ca Thuyt nht thit hu b cng mt ni thc th tm l A li da, nh ni chng sanh yu A li da, thch A li da, a A li da, khoi A li da. Do trong gio ngha ca Nht thit hu b c ci tn A li da, nn khng nh l thc th tm. Trn y dn ra 4 gio ngha ca cc b phi tiu tha chng minh c thc th tm. Th nhng cc b phi tiu tha vn chp chc rng ch c 6 thc trc thi (v cho 6 thc trc l s hun). Kh kinh c ni, ni thu gi v pht sanh chng t ca cc php tp nhim v thanh tnh l tm. Thc l d danh ca tm. Nu khng c thc th tm th ci tm duy tr chng t kia cng khng c. Cc chuyn thc c s gin on khi Dit tn nh, bi v cc chuyn thc c cn s y, cnh s duyn v tc ring bit (nn khng ng thi sanh khi v tng ng, do khng c tnh cht nng hun v s hun), c tm s thin v nhm loi khc nhau (thch ng v hin hnh, nhng trong dit nh li khng c s thch ng v hin hnh y). Tm li, cc chuyn thc (m cho l tm) u d sanh khi, d bin mt, khng kin tr, khng c nng tnh hun tp v duy tr chng t, (nn chng phi l ci tm thu gi v pht sanh chng t ca cc php tp nhim v thanh tnh). Ch c thc th tm vi c tnh ng nht, thng hng, khng gin on, kin tr, tip nhn hun tp (, nh m p hoa, m vi hoa cng sanh cng dit, ri m thnh ra c ci hi thm ca hoa,) mi thch ng vi ch tm ca kh kinh. y l chng minh thc th tm l tm, ph hp vi tr chng tm trong cu u ca thp chng tng. 2. Tm d thc:

Kh kinh li ni, c tm d thc l do nghip hoc thin c cm ng. Nu khng c thc th tm th tm d thc khng th c. Ch c ci tm chn d thc p ng s li ko ca dn nghip i khp (3 ci) khng c gin on. Tm d thc, l thc th tm. Ch tm trong cu tng u thng ngha 4 ch tr chng, d thc. Trn y gii thch xong ngha cu th nht ca Thp chng tng. 3. Th v sanh: Kh kinh li ni, hu tnh lu chuyn trong 5 th hng, 4 sanh loi. Nu khng c thc ny th th ca th v sanh y khng th c c. Hi 4 ngha: tht c, thng hng, bin khp, khng tp lon, th mi c th gi l th ca th v sanh chn tht v chnh xc. Nhng th chiu cm bi nghip ca 5 thc trc u khng bin khp cc th v sanh, v trong ci V sc hon ton khng c 5 thc trc. Nhng th chiu cm bi nghip ca thc tuy bin khp cc th v sanh, nhng khng hng hu. Ch c tm d thc cng vi tm s ca n l tht c, thng hng, bin khp, khng tp lon. Chnh tht th v sanh vn ch l tm d thc v tm s ca n. V nh vy, nu tch ri thc th tm, th th v sanh theo l bt thnh. y l gii thch 2 ch th sanh chng minh thc th tm l th ca th v sanh. 4. Chp th thc: Li na, kh kinh ni, c ci cn thn hu sc l c s chp th sc cn. Nu khng c thc th tm th s chp th sc cn khng th c c. y, ch c tm d thc mi l ci tm c th chp th (sc cn hu lu). Nhng thc khc, nh nhn thc v.v, khng c ngha chp th sc cn (, v chng u c ci cn s y khc nhau, u khng kin tr, m cc sc cn th khng th tch ri vi tm). 5. Th, nn, thc: Li na, kh kinh ni, th, nn v thc, ba ci ny nng ta v duy tr ln nhau c th cng tn ti lin tc tip ni. Nu cho l khng c thc th tm, th khng mt thc no khc c th duy tr s tn ti di lu ca th v nn (= th mng v hi m). Bi v, nh m thanh, gi v.v khng c ci dng thng xuyn duy tr (, ngha l lc c lc khng); cng vy, cc chuyn thc c gin on, c chuyn bin, khng c ci dng thng xuyn duy tr th v nn, nn khng th xc lp l thc duy tr th v

nn. Ch thc d thc mi c ci dng thng xuyn duy tr th v nn, nn c xc lp l thc duy tr th v nn. on ny gii thch ngha ca ch thc. Ch thc ny bao gm cc ch ng trc: thc th ca th sanh, thc chp th hu sc cn thn, thc duy tr th nn. n y gii thch xong cu: Th sanh, hu, th thc. Sau y gii thch cu tng: sanh t, duyn, y thc. 6. Tm sanh t: Li na, kh kinh ni, ht thy loi hu tnh khi th sanh, khi mng chung, nht nh trong trng hung tn tm, khng phi l trng hung v tm nh. Nu khng c thc th tm, th khi sanh, khi t, ci tm tn lon kia cng phi khng c. Bi v, khi sanh, khi t thn tm m mt nh gic ng khng chim bao, hay nh khi b m ngt, (by gi) thc sng sut chc chn khng hin khi. trng hung v tm (nh khi ng say khng chim bao, khi hn m cc im) th hnh tng v s duyn ca su chuyn thc khng c nhn bit (, ngha l thc khng hot ng). Trng hp khi th sanh hay mng chung phi c ci tm tn lon, cn gi l tm sanh t. C b phi chp rng, trng hung khi sanh, khi t, c mt loi thc vi t m hnh tng v s duyn ca n khng th bit r; nn bit loi thc vi t l thc th tm. Li na, khi sp cht th ty nghip thin hay nghip c lm m ni thn th, hoc bt u t di tr ln, hoc bt u t trn sp xung, dn dn pht lnh. Nu khng c thc th tm th s th nh vy khng th c c. Cc chuyn thc th khng th chp th cn thn. y chng minh c ci tm khi sanh, khi t, tm l thc th tm. 7. Thc duyn danh sc: Li na, kh kinh ni, thc duyn danh sc, danh sc duyn thc. Hai php nh vy ln lt nng ta vo nhau, y nh b lau ta nhau m ng. Nu khng c thc th tm ny th t th ca thc (trong thc duyn danh sc) khng th c c. V li, hot ng ca cc chuyn thc c tnh gin on nn khng nng lc thng xuyn duy tr danh sc, th lm sao ni chng thng xuyn lm duyn cho danh sc. Cho nn, thc trong thc duyn danh sc, r rng l th th tm. y l gii thch ch duyn trong bi tng Thp chng. 8. Thc thc:

Li na, kh kinh ni, tt c hu tnh u nng vo n m tn ti. Nu khng c thc th tm th th ca thc thc khng th c c. Do y bit chc rng ngoi cc chuyn thc cn c thc d thc, l thc thng hng, bin khp, c kh nng duy tr thn mng khng cho hoi dt. Nng theo l , c Th tn ni, tt c hu tnh u nng vo n m tn ti. Nn bit ch c thc d thc l c tnh cht n hn ht (trong 4 cch n: on thc, xc thc, t thc v thc thc). Thc thc chnh l thc th tm. Cu th ba, sanh t, duyn, y thc, ca bi tng Thp chng gii thch xong. 9. Dit tn nh tm: Li na, kh kinh ni, ngi tr dit nh th thn hnh, ng hnh v tm hnh u dit, nhng mng sng v hi m vn cn, cn khng bin hoi, thc khng ri thn. Nu khng c thc th tm th s th thc khng ri thn ca ngi tr dit nh khng th c c. Nhn thc v.v c hnh tng th ng, v vy i vi cnh s duyn thc phi ch pht mi phn bit lao nhc. Do nhm chn s phn bit lao nhc ca thc kia m ngi tu dit nh tm thi mong cu nh ch n, ri dn dn ch phc, cho n khi dit hn thc. Cn c trng hung khng c thc m xc lp ngi tr dit nh. Cho nn, trong nh ny, 6 thc u dit. Nu khng tha nhn tn ti mt loi thc vi t, thng hng, bin khp, c kh nng duy tr mng sng v hi m, th cn c vo u m ni thc khng ri thn. Nu hon ton khng c thc no c th ng vi ngi , m ngi th khng c tnh thc. T l l ny m bit ngi tr dit nh bt buc phi c thc (d thc). Ci thc khng ri thn V tng nh, V tng thin, cn c theo y m bit. y l gii thch 3 ch dit nh tm. 10. Nhim tnh tm: Li na, kh kinh ni, tm tp nhim nn hu tnh tp nhim, tm thanh tnh nn hu tnh thanh tnh. Nu khng c thc th tm th tm tp nhim, tm thanh tnh kia khng c. Cc php tp nhim v thanh tnh ly tm lm cn bn, nhn ni tm m sanh, nng ni tm m tr. y l gii thch 3 ch tm nhim tnh. Ch tm ng gia cu tng th t dng chung cho 2 ch trc: dit nh v 2 ch sau: nhim tnh. Trn y lc dn vn ca lun Thnh duy thc. Mun hiu r tng tn ngha l xin xem vn ca lun y, quyn th 3 v quyn th 4. Vic minh

chng c thc th tm l l v bin, xem khng phi ch c 10 ngha chng minh c thc ny m thi. Trong lun Du gi cng c 8 ngha chng minh c thc ny, s phin nn khng dn. Nh vy dn gii xong bi tng Thp chng. Do v hng tiu tha khng tin c thc th tm ny m ngi H Php lun ch dn d nhiu ln sao cho sng t, t li vn ri ging r, cho nn c cu tng: Do th nng hng lun ch tranh. Ho ho tam tng bt kh cng (C 3 c tnh su rng, ni khng th cng tn v A li da, l: nng tng, s tng v ng i chp tng) Ho ho, l su rng. Tam tng, l nng tng, s tng v ng i chp tng. Thc ny c nng tnh duy tr chng t pht sanh cc php (, lm nhn cho cc php, tc chng t sanh hin hnh), nn gi l nng tng. Thc ny c nng tnh tip nhn cc php hun tp chng t (, lm qu cho cc php, tc hin hnh sanh chng t), nn gi l s tng. Thc th by chp kin phn ca thc th tm lm t ng, nn gi l ng i chp tng. V vy, (kinh i tha A t t ma) c bi tng rng: Ch php thc tng Thc php dic nh Cnh h vi qu tnh Dic thng vi nhn tnh. (Cc php (= cc chuyn thc) i vi tng thc th no th tng thc i vi cc php cng vy, lm qu cho nhau m cng lm nhn cho nhau.) ca bi tng ny ni, thc A li da cng cc chuyn thc trin chuyn tng sanh, h tng nhau lm nhn, lm qu trong mi thi gian. Nhip i tha lun ni, A li da vi cc php tp nhim ng thi lm nhn duyn cho nhau. Dn lun ny thy thc th tm c 3 ngha: nng tng, s tng v ng i chp tng. Th v dng ca A li da rt su rng, nn hng phm phu v tiu tha khng thng t c. Kinh gii thm mt cng ni, thc A na cng cc vi t. Xin xem ch gii vn trn. Dn bi tng ny chng minh danh ngha chp tr ca thc th tm, qua thy hng phm phu v nh tha khng thng t c. Uyn thm tht lng cnh vi phong

(T ni bin tng thc su thm, do gi cnh gii thi ti m 7 cn sng chuyn thc hin khi trn mt bin y) y l ni A li da, nh nc, (lm nhn) hin khi cc chuyn thc (th dng qu bo kh vui). Cc chuyn thc, nh sng, hin hnh ri tr li (lm nhn) hun tp chng t ni A li da. Bn duyn l, cn (Mt na), cnh (cn thn, th gii), tc v chng t, d nh gi. Nu gi 4 duyn thng xuyn tc ng nc A li da hin hnh cc chuyn thc (= chng t sanh hin hnh), ng thi sng 7 thc thng hin khi tr li hun tp chng t ni A li da (= hin hnh sanh chng t). V mt d, nhiu gi thi n th nhiu sng ln sanh, t gi thi n th t sng nh khi. V mt php, nhiu duyn th nhiu thc sanh, t duyn th t thc khi. Cho nn kinh Lng gi ni, nh bin gp duyn gi m khi ra th sng mi v.v, xin xem vn trn. Th hun, tr chng, cn thn kh (A li da c nng tnh th hun v tr chng. Chng t, cn thn v kh th gii u l cnh s duyn ca A li da) y l ni thc th tm c nng tnh tip nhn hun tp t 7 thc trc, cng nh nng tnh duy tr chng t cc php hu lu v v lu (= cc php nhim tnh). Nng tnh duy tr chng t (tr chng) ca thc th tm cho thy thc ny c ci c tnh lm ch th nn bao qut mi tng bo (v bit bo trong 3 ci, ng lnh ng d). Nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (th hun) ca thc ny cn 4 ngha: mt l, kin tr (= lin tc n nh); hai l, v k (= trung tnh); ba l, kh hun (= kh nng th hun); bn l, ha hp vi nng hun (= cng thn cng lc vi nng hun). Kin tr, ngha l t ban s v th n chung cuc cu cnh ch c mt loi (thc) tip ni lin tc l thc th tm. Thc th by cng c c tnh nh vy, ti sao khng c ngha s hun (= th hun)? Xt ngha th 2 ri mi chn lc. V k, ngha l nh tnh cht ca m, khng thm khng hi. Khi p vi hng liu th m thnh ra c ci hi thm ca hng liu. Khi xng vi hi th m thnh ra c ci mi thi ca hi. Mt vt vn l c mi thm hay mi hi, th d cho c dng ci khc xng p vt cho hi i hay thm i, tri qua nhiu ngy thng, rt cuc chng c th bin i ci mi

vn c ca n. Cng vy, thc thc by vn c tnh cht hu ph v k (trung tnh m c nhim), cho nn khng c c tnh s hun. Thc th tm v 5 thc trc c 2 ngha trn nn thch ng ngha s hun. Xt ngha th 3 ri mi chn lc. Kh hun, ngha l c tnh cht t ti. Ni khng t ti th khng phi l ni tip nhn hun tp. Thc th tm ca ngi khc c 3 ngha: kin tr, v k, kh hun, c phi l c ngha s hun c sao? Xt ngha th 4 ri mi chn lc. Ha hp vi nng hun, ngha l nng hun v s hun phi ng thi, ng x mi ha hp c. Th th tm ca ngi khc v thc th tm ca mnh th khc nhau, khng lin quan nhau. Nu nng hun ca mnh m c th hun tp vo thc th tm ca ngi khc, th cng nh ni mnh n m i ngi khc no, c sao? V l thc th tm c 4 ngha trn nn ch n mi c nng tnh tip nhn hun tp (= th hun). Cu tng ch ni th hun ca thc th tm. Hnh nh biu hin ca 7 thc trc (trong A li da) chnh l nng tnh hun tp (nng hun). Trong cc bi tng v 7 thc trc n lc t ng nng hun. Nng hun c 4 ngha: mt l, c sanh dit (= c sanh dit chuyn bin); hai l, c thng dng (= c cng lc t duy v thin c); ba l, c tng gim (= c khi tng khi gim); bn l, ha hp vi s hun (= cng thn cng lc vi s hun). C sanh dit, ngha l php no c tc dng sanh trng, php y c tnh nng hun. Vy th, v k, sc php, tm php u c tnh sanh dit, c th l nng hun chng? Xt ngha th 2 ri mi chn lc. C thng dng, ngha l cn c sc mnh u thng ca tnh thin c, hu ph ( nhim) m gi l c thng dng. (iu ny loi ra tm, tm s thuc d thc (= b chi phi bi nghip qu kh), v th lc yu km ca chng.) Vy th, qu v Pht, php (thin vin mn ca Pht chng) l cng thng, sao chng phi l nng hun. Xt ngha th 3 ri mi chn lc. C tng gim, ngha l c tn ch. qu v Pht (php thin vin mn ca Pht chng) khng c tn ch (= khng tng, khng gim) nn khng th l nng hun. Tn ch l nn cng th cng, hp nhu lin nhu, vic lm c th lm xong. By thc trc c 3 ngha trn, vy bn thn chng c

kh nng hun tp ni ngi khc khng? Ni cch khc, chng c ha hp vi s hun khng? Ha hp vi s hun, ngha l thc th 8 v cc tm s u c th l i tng cho s hun tp ca 7 thc trc. Thc th tm th c tnh v k; cc tm s th c tnh thin, tnh c. S hun, nh vy, l thc th 8, cc tm s khng d phn vo. Nu cho tm s c th tip nhn hun tp th mc li lm rt ln, ch nn hi vn. Chng t, cn thn v kh th gii u l cnh s duyn ca thc th tm. Khi ni thc th tm c c tnh duy tr chng t (tr chng) th cng c ngha l ni n c c tnh tip nhn hun tp (th hun). Kh hu, lai tin, tc ch ng (A li da l ch th ca nhn duyn: hin hnh sanh chng t hay chng t sanh hin hnh, u l A li da v cc chuyn thc ca n. A li da l ch th ca tng bo: i th i sau, n th n trc) Thc th tm l ch th ca tng bo, nn hu tnh khi u thai th n l v ch nhn ng n trc ht, khi mng chung n b i sau cng. Bt ng a tin, ti x tng (T Bt ng a tr ln, thc th tm mi x ci tn A li da hay tng thc) Thc th tm t nhn hu lu n qu v lu lc c 3 giai on (= trng thi) pht trin: mt l, hin hnh s chp tng ng i (B tt t tht a tr xung, vi tn A li da); hai l, kt qu ca nghip thin c (t v th n b tt Kim cang tm, vi tn thc d thc); ba l, chp tr dng tng tc (chp th sc cn, chp th t th, vi tn thc A na). Ni cch khc, t v th n Bt ng a, thc th tm c mnh danh l A li da, c ngha tng thc. Li na, t v th n gii thot o (= Kim cang o), c tn T b ca, c ngha l thc d thc. Do c 3 ngha sau m gi l d thc: mt l, bin d thc (qu chn do nhn bin i); hai l, d thi thc (nhn v qu cch thi mi chn mui); ba l, d loi thc (qu khc nhn, nhng do nhn m qu thnh thc). Sau qu v Pht n tn v lai v tn, c tn l thc v cu. A li da l ni thc th tm nhip tng cc php tp nhim v hu tnh chp n nh l t ng ni ti. Thc d thc l ni A li da do nghip lc thin c

hun tp m thnh qu bo. Chp tr dng tng tc l ni thc A na chp th chng t (ca tng, danh v phn bit) v duy tr hin hnh (ca thn th v th gii ca thn th) khng c gin on, t giai on hu lu cho n giai on v lu. T Bt ng a tr ln, thc th tm mi x ci tn A li da hay tng thc, (v khng c php tp nhim chp tng), v x b c cc phin no th trng, v thc ny khng cn b thc Mt na chp lm t ng ni ti. Y c kinh lun, lc ni v ch thot ra ca A li da ni ci thn s y c th tm gn trong bi tng sau: Thin nghip tng h lnh c nghip tng thng lnh Nh giai ch tm Nht x ng thi x. nh thnh, nhn sanh thin Nhn tm, ng qy phc Bng sanh tt ci ly a ngc cc bn xut. (Nghip thin th thn th dn dn pht lnh t di tr ln, nghip c th thn th dn dn pht lnh t trn sp xung, nghip thin c u khng ngoi ci tm khi sanh khi t, n mt ch no trn thn th th nghip thin c cng tm y ri b thn th. Nng ni nh u l v ci thnh, ni mt l sanh v ci tri, ni tim (ngc) l ti sanh lm ngi, ni bng th lm ng qy, t u gi tr xung l lm sc sanh, ni hai bn chn th a a ngc.) Gia kinh v lun c s sai bit. Kinh th ni c 6 ci khc nhau, lun th ni c 2 ng thin c. Xt cho cng th 6 ci cng khng ngoi thin c. Ch tm trong cu th 3 l ch tm sanh t, c gii trn. Kim cang o hu, d thc khng (Sau khi vo c Kim cang o th tn D thc cng khng cn) n Kim cang o (= Nh lai a) th chng t hun tp ca 2 chng (: phin no chng v s tri chng) v nhng chng t, hin hnh thuc hu lu vnh vin c on tr, v vy x b ci tn thc d thc. Nhn v qu v lu thp km cng u x ht.

i vin, v cu ng thi pht Ph chiu thp phng trn st trung (Thc v cu tng ng vi i vin cnh tr m ng thi pht sanh, c hot dng chiu khp 10 phng cc ci nc nhiu nh vi trn) n a v chuyn y Pht qu [64] , thc th tm thnh th v lu cc k thanh tnh, gi l thc v cu. Thc ny cng tng ng vi i vin cnh tr m ng thi pht khi diu dng chiu khp 10 phng, trn sng php gii. Bi tng ca kinh Nh lai cng c trang nghim: Nh lai v cu thc Th tnh v lu gii Gii thot nht thit chng Vin cnh tr tng ng. (Thc v cu ca Nh lai, l php gii v lu thanh tnh, gii thot ht mi chng, tng ng i vin cnh tr.) Tng qut v 4 tr th Bnh ng tnh tr v Diu quan st tr, mi tr c 3 phm (chuyn y): h phm l Kin o v, trung phm l Tu o v v thng phm l Cu cnh v, cn i vin cnh tr v Thnh s tc tr, mi tr ch c thng phm l Cu cnh v, v 2 tr ny t trong qu m chuyn c. ---o0o---

PH LC
Dch m: (Nm thc trc:) Tnh cnh, hin lng, thng tam tnh Nhn, nh, thn tam, nh a c Bin hnh, bit cnh, thin thp nht Trung nh, i bt, tham sn si.

Ng thc ng y tnh sc cn Cu duyn, tht, bt ho tng ln Hp tam, ly nh, qun trn th Ngu gi nan phn thc d cn. Bin tng qun khng duy hu c Qu trung du t bt thuyn chn Vin minh s pht thnh v lu Tam loi phn thn tc kh lun. (Thc th su:) Tam tnh, tam lng, thng tam cnh Tam gii lun thi d kh tri Tng ng tm s ng thp nht Thin c lm thi bit phi chi. Tnh, gii, th, tam hng chuyn dch Cn, ty, tn ng tng tng lin ng thn, pht ng c vi ti Dn mn nng chiu nghip lc khin. Pht khi s tm hoan h a Cu sanh du t hin trin min Vin hnh a hu thun v lu Qun st vin minh chiu i thin. (Thc th by:) i cht, hu ph, thng tnh bn Ty duyn chp ng, lng vi phi Bt i, bin hnh, bit cnh tu Tham, si, ng kin, mn tng ty. Hng thm t lng ng tng ty Hu tnh nht d trn hn m T hoc, bt i tng ng khi Lc chuyn h vi nhim tnh y. Cc h s tm bnh ng tnh V cng dng hnh ng hng ti Nh lai hin khi tha th dng Thp a b tt s b c. (Thc th tm:)

Tnh duy v ph, ng bin hnh Gii a ty tha nghip lc sanh Nh tha bt liu nhn m chp Do th nng hng lun ch tranh. Ho ho tam tng bt kh cng Uyn thm tht lng cnh vi phong Th hun, tr chng, cn thn kh Kh hu, lai tin, tc ch ng. Bt ng a tin, ti x tng Kim cang o hu, d thc khng i vin, v cu ng thi pht Ph chiu thp phng trn st trung. Dch ngha: (Nm thc trc:) Tnh cnh, hin lng, gm ba tnh Nh a c ba nhn, nh, thn Bin hnh, bit cnh, mi mt thin Hai trung, tm i, tham sn si. Nm thc cng nng tnh sc cn Chn, by, tm duyn quan h tt Ba hp, hai ly, nhn th gianh Phm ngu kh bit thc cng cn. Tr hu c bin tng, qun khng Trong qu cn chng c ni chn Vin minh va pht thnh v lu Ba loi phn thn dt trm lun. (Thc th su:) Ba tnh, ba lng, gm ba cnh Ba ci lun hi d bit hay Tng ng tm s nm mi mt Thin c lc no ring phi hp. Tnh, gii, th: ba thng chuyn i Cn, ty, tn thy ni tip nhau Thn ng, ming ni hn ht c

Dn mn nghip lc li chu qu. Hoan h a s tm pht khi Cu sanh ng php vn dy da Sau Vin hnh a thun v lu Qun tr trn sng chiu i thin. (Thc th by:) i cht, hu ph, gm tnh bn Theo duyn chp ng, lun phi lng Tm i, bin hnh, tm s tu Tham, si, ng kin, mn theo hoi. Thng xt suy lng vin ng tng Ngy m hu tnh chu m m Bn hoc, tm i tng ng khi thc gi rng nhim tnh y S tm Cc h t bnh ng V cng dng hnh, ng ph ri Nh lai hin thn tha th dng Ch dy b tt Thp a cn. (Thc th tm:) Tnh l v ph, nm bin hnh Gii a ty theo nghip lc sanh Nh tha chng hiu nn m chp Do c ra vic lun tranh. Mnh mang ba tng khng cng tt Bin su by sng do gi cnh Th hun, tr chng, cn thn kh n trc, i sau lm ch ng. n Bt ng a b tn tng Vo Kim cang o khng d thc i vin, v cu cng lc khi Khp chiu mi phng hng sa ci.

SCH THAM KHO

H.T Thch Tr Quang dch gii, Nhip Lun, 1994. H.T Thch Tr Quang dch gii, Kinh Gii Thm Mt, 1994. H.T Thch Thin Hoa bin son, Lun i Tha Trm Php v Bt Thc Qui C Tng, Pht Hc Ph Thng, Kha IX, Thnh Hi Pht Gio TP. H Ch Minh n hnh, 1992. H.T Thch Thin Siu dch v ch, Lun Thnh Duy Thc, Nh xut bn Vn ha Si goon, 2006. H.T Thch Qung Lin, Duy Thc Hc, Trung Tm Nghin Cu Vn Ha Trit Hc ng Phng Qung c, 1972. H.T Thch Thng Hoan, Kho Nghim Duy Thc Hc Tm L Hc Thc Nghim, Ti bn ln th 2, ng Sng Printing, 1998. T Kheo Ni Nh Thanh, Duy Thc Hc, Tp 1 v Tp 2, Thnh Hi Pht Gio TP. H Ch Minh n hnh, 1991. H.T Thch Minh Cnh ch bin, T in Pht Hc Hu Quang, Co bn, 1999. CH THCH 1 m Huyn (?-?): danh tng Trung quc, ngi H Nam. S xut gia lc tui nh, chuyn tm hc tp, bin ti v ngi. S tng i du hc Nht bn 2 ln, tu tp Thai mt v ng mt u c hc v Truyn php qun nh. Nm 1935, s mang v nc nhng kinh sch v Mt gio do s su tp, khong 300 loi, hn 2500 quyn, gm cc bn chp tay, bn in chp, bn hon chnh, bn dch vn Phn, vn Ty tng, v c nhng bn gm c 4 th ting Ty tng, Phn, Anh, Hn, cng nhiu sch v khc. Nhng sch ny c trin lm ti Pht hc th cc Thng Hi v c ct gi can than th vin Pht hc vin V Xng. Su thc y phong tro nghin cu Pht hc Trung quc pht trin mnh m. S tng ging dy S nghin cu Pht hc vin V Xng, Pht hc vin th gii. 2 Thi H (1889-1947): Cao tng Trung quc, ngi huyn Sng c, tnh Chit Giang, h Trng, tn Kim Sm, php danh Duy Tm, hiu l Hoa T, Bi Hoa, Tuyt Sn Lo Tng, Tn Vn Lo Nhn. S l ngi xng phong tro i mi Pht gio t thi Dn Quc v sau. S xut gia nm 16 tui, th gii C tc nm 18 tui vi ha thng K Thin cha Thin ng Ninh Ba. Nm 19 tui, nhn c kinh Bt nh m c s ng. Nm 1912, s n Qung Chu tuyn dng gio php, tr tr cha Song Kh, ni Bch Vn. S l ngi sng lp Trung quc Pht gio Hip tin

hi ti Nam Kinh, sau st nhp vo Trung quc Pht gio Tng hi. S ch trng 3 cuc cch mng ln v gio l, gio ch v gio sn, c sy phong tro chn hng Pht gio, kin lp ch Tn tng on. Nm 1914, nhp tht ni Ph , mt m n, nghe ting i hng chung m c tm nim dt bt, tri qua ng cnh ln th 2. Nm 28 tui, s li tri qua ng cnh ln th 3. Nm 29 tui, sau khi ra tht, s tham gia i Loan php hi, du lch Nht bn, sng lp Gic x ti Thng Hi, lm ch bin Gic x tng th, nm sau i thnh Hi Triu m nguyt san. D l ngi c quan im cch tn Pht gio, nhng s lun phn i quan im kho chng lch s ca cc hc gi Nht bn cho rng lun i tha khi tn, kinh Lng nghim l ngy th. Nm 1924, s tham d i hi Nht bn ng Pht gio, ng thi kho st Pht gio Nht bn. Ngi Nht tn s l minh ch gii Pht gio Dn quc. Nm 1927, s tr tr cha Nam Ph H mn, kim Vin trng vin Pht hc Mn Nam. Nm 1928, s sng lp Hi Pht hc Trung quc ti Nam Kinh, ng thi hong ha cc nc: Anh, Php, c, H Lan, B, M, l v tng Trung quc u tin truyn b Pht gio n u M. Nm 44 tui, s tr tr cha Tuyt u Phng Ha. Nm 49 tui, s son Ng ch Pht gio cch mng tht bi s, trnh by nguyn nhn phi i mi Pht gio. Nm 1947, s th tch ti Trc Ch Hin, cha Ngc Pht, Thng Hi, th 59 tui. Mt i s khi xng v tn lc i mi Pht gio, theo ch ngha tam Pht: Pht tng, Pht ha, Pht quc. S coi trng gio dc Tng ti, thit lp nhiu vin Pht hc, sng tc nhiu tc phm Pht gio c gi tr, m sau ny c t l ngi n Thun gom chp thnh b Thi H ton th, 64 tp. 3 Tm php nng s: sc, hng, v, xc (t vi) v a, thy, ha, phong (t i). 4 S duyn duy thc: l ni i tng nhn thc l nhn sanh khi ca tm v tm s, v b cc th tm ny chp ly. i tng y l nhng nh tng trong tm thc v cnh i din bn ngoi. 5 Nh bin: nhn duyn bin v phn bit bin. Nhn duyn bin l tm vng v tm s bin hin tng phn m chng nh lc phn bit ca nng duyn, do t c nhn duyn pht sanh chng t, t c tht th, tht dng ca tm sc, tc l trong 3 loi cnh, n thuc v tnh cnh. Phn bit bin l nh lc phn bit ca nng duyn m tr li khi tng phn. Phn bit bin c 2 loi: mt l, ty theo lc phn bit ca nng duyn, chng mang bn cht ca tnh cnh, cng khng kh nng sanh chng t, tc l trong 3 loi cnh n thuc v tng phn ca c nh cnh, nh khi duyn vi

tng phn ca lng ra, sng th; hai l, mang bn cht ca tnh cnh, li c kh nng sanh chng t, cng nh lc phn bit ca nng duyn, nn gi l t tng ca tnh cnh, chng mn tht dng ca sc tm nn n l i cht cnh, nh thc th by duyn vi kin phn ca thc th tm, nh thc th tm duyn vi tng phn ca cc tm vng, tm s trong mi lc. 6 Tm t: cu dch l gic qun, tn dch l tm t, l 2 tm s trong 4 mn bt nh tm s. Tm c ngha l nh mnh vo, c c tnh l hng tm, tm trn i tng. T l t duy c a ln cao , c c tnh lin tc nhn mnh vo i tng, dn cht vo i tng. 7 Kh c 3 loi: mt l, kh kh, kh s v nng lnh, i kht, bnh tt ; hai l, hnh kh, kh s v s bin ng ca php hu vi, trong , l 5 un bao gm thn tm v th gii ca thn tm y; ba l, hoi kh, kh s v ci vui mt i. 8 Chuyn y: y l cn bn y, tc l cn bn thc. Chuyn y l chuyn cn bn thc trong c 2 trng chng l phin no chng v s tri chng m thnh 2 i qu l i nit bn v i b . 9 V cng dng = khng cn dng cng = nhm vn (tin hnh t nhin):ngha l tu tp thun thc, t n thng xuyn din tin, khng cn ch hay c kch thch. 10 Hnh un: bao gm tt c tm s khc ngoi 2 tm s th v tng. Duy thc cho l bao gm c bt tng ng hnh php. Bt tng ng hnh php c 24: c, mng cn, chng ng phn, d sanh tnh, v tng nh, dit tn nh, v tng qu, danh thn, c thn, vn thn, sanh, tr, lo, v thng, lu chuyn, nh d, tng ng, th tc, th , phng, thi, s, ha hip tnh v bt ha hip tnh. Hnh x m cho l hnh ng to tc m khng chp trc, th qu xa nguyn ngha ca n. Hnh x l khi cc tm s ni tip nhau chuyn bin ni tm thc m khng c s chp trc, nhn dng chy tm thc qua i mt cch thn nhin, khng thm khng bt thnh kin ch quan. Hnh x cn gi l tr x. 11 Tm chnh trc = tm ngay thng. Khi tn lun ni l chnh nh chn nh: Tm ngay thng l chnh xc nh thng tm th chn nh. 12 Bn php: tinh tn, khinh an, bt phng dt v hnh x c quan h mt thit v hu c, cho thy tu tp l nh th no. Cch ni v 4 php nh vy tht l c th, cn cu xt k.

13 Hn trm, tro c, nghi (bt tn), tham, sn c gi l 5 th ngn che (ng ci) cho vic tu ch qun. Cn tham v sn th khng tu c ch qun. Tm ht tham v sn, nhng khng c chnh nim, tc c tro c v tht nim, th kh tu ch. Tu ch ri m b hn trm thy min v hoi nghi chnh php th kh tu qun. 14 c tu = tr tu c hi, kin thc sai lm, ly nhim tu lm tnh, n lm chng ngn kin gii thin. 15 S tn ti: l hu, hu tham hay hu i, tc ch mun sng, mun tn ti, ti sanh, tng tc v tng trng. 16 Thch ng vi phin no v ty phin no: thch ng vi o gic (kin phn hu lu) v o tng (tng phn hu lu). 17 Thng ngha cn: l sc cn th thng ca chng sanh, ly tnh sc cn hin hnh thanh tnh do 4 i chng hp thnh lm th khi thc, chp cnh, m ngy nay gi l h thn kinh ca 5 gic quan; ly ph trn cn (nh nhn cu, l tai, sng mi ..) lm ch s y, gn gi v gip thnh. 18 Y ch thch: l mt trong 6 phng php gii thch cc t phc hp ca ting Phn, gi l lc hp thch hay lc ly hp thch: u tin chia ch ra gii thch (ly thch), sau tng hp li gii thch (hp thch). Lc hp thch l: tr nghip thch, y ch thch, hu ti thch, tng vi thch, ln cn thch v i s thch. Y ch thch cng gi l y s thch, l t th ca php s y m lp danh ca php nng y. Th d nng vo nhn cn m sanh ra s nhn bit phn bit nn gi l nhn thc, ngha l thc ca nhn, l ly nhn lm th s y, thc l php nng y. Bit php t php s y m lp ra danh nng y, nn gi l y ch. 19 Nhn duyn: ci nhn lm duyn t, nh ni nhn thc do chng t ca n hin hnh m c. 20 S duyn duyn: i cnh lm duyn t, nh ni phi c sc cnh lm i tng cho nhn thc. 21 Tng thng duyn: d kin thm ln lm duyn t, nh ni chng t nhn thc hin hnh c l phi c nhn cn.

22 ng v gin duyn: s mt i ca giai on trc lm duyn t, nh ni chnh bn thn nhn thc m giai on trc mt i nhng ch cho giai on sau sanh ra. 23 Kin phn nng duyn: l ch th nhn thc c cng nng tip xc i tng. 24 Tng phn s duyn: l i tng nhn thc lm s y cho cc thc duyn theo. 25 S tri chng: chng ngi chn l, lm cho khng chng ng. Cc v thanh vn, duyn gic n p c chng ngi s dng (= phin no chng lm cho b lun hi) nn thot khi lun hi, nhng cha nhp chng tnh b tt v cn s tri chng. 26 Chnh vn l liu tc kin khng, nn dch l thy c thy khng. Kinh Tng A hm gii thch: c Th tn ni vi cc v t kheo, c 2 s thy l thy c v thy khng. Thy c l th no? L thy c dc, c sc, c v sc. Thy c dc l 5 dc: mt thy sc th rt a, qi v nh, cha bao gi ri b m c tn th mi; tai nghe ting, mi ngi hi, li bit mi, thn bit xc, bit php (cng nh vy), v gi l thy c. Thy khng l th no? L thy c thng, thy khng thng, thy c on, thy khng on, thy c bin, thy khng bin, thy c mng, thy khng mng, thy thn mng khc nhau, thy thn mng l mt, (v) 62 s thy (xut t cc s thy) nh trn gi l thy khng, v ton l khng phi s thy chnh xc. 27 Tr hu c: l tr thu t cnh y tha nh huyn, cn c nng s. 28 Tr cn bn: l tr hi nhp chn nh, khng c nng s. 29 Chn nh: trung tht nh th, v chn nh l bn th m khng php no, ngi no v lc no m khng siu vit khi nim nh bin. Kinh Gii Thm Mt gii thch: Chn nh ni cc php nhim tnh gi l tnh nh hu. Chn nh y c 7: 1. Chn nh ni s lu chuyn: ci tnh khng m u, khng chm ht ca cc hnh; 2. Chn nh ni cc tng: ci tnh nhn v ng v php v ng ca cc php; 3. Chn nh ni s liu bit: ci tnh duy thc ca cc hnh; 4. Chn nh ni s an lp: thnh v kh m Nh lai ni; 5. Chn nh ni s t hnh: thnh v tp m Nh lai ni; 6. Chn nh ni s thanh tnh: thnh v dit m Nh lai ni; 7. Chn nh ni s chnh hnh: thnh v o m Nh lai ni.

30 Tht tnh Duy thc: tht tnh y m ni l khng, v cc php ton l khng tht, l ton do thc gi thit, l khng th th c. 31 Tr v phn bit: tu gic siu vit khi nim. Theo Nhip lun: Tr v phn bit khng nhim nh h khng, l v (phn cn bn ca n: tr cn bn) thot ly mi s chng ngi, c gi l thch ng vi s c v thch ng vi s thnh. Tr v phn bit nh h khng, l v (phn hu c ca n: tr hu c) thng i trong th gian m khng b mi s ca th gian lm cho nhim. 32 An Hu (Sthiramati, 475-555): lun s n , ngi nc La la (Pht lp t) thuc nam n. Sau khi Pht nhp dit khong 1100 nm, s l v i hc gi ca Pht gio i tha nam n . S k tha ngi c Hu, ri trao truyn cho ngi Chn . S tinh thng hc thuyt Nhn minh, Duy thc, ngh lun gii, l 1 trong 10 v i lun s ca tng Duy thc. S tng sng v k tha gio ngha ca b tt Th Thn, son Duy thc tam thp tng thch lun lun gii Duy thc tam thp tng ca b tt Th Thn. Nhng tc phm khc nh: i tha a t t ma tp tp lun (16 quyn), i tha qung ng un lun (1 quyn), i tha trung qun thch lun (9 quyn), Cu x tht ngha s (5 quyn). 33 Bin k chp tnh: o gic ng php do phm phu ng nhn, vng chp, nh ng nhn si giy l con rn. 34 T chng phn (t th phn): l t th ca tm thc c kh nng chng bit kin phn (hot ng nhn thc) v tc dng ni ti chng t chng phn ca chnh mnh. 35 Y tha khi tnh: Y tha l do yu t m thnh. Cc php hu vi do chng t ni A li da nh cc tr duyn m hin hnh, nh ni si giy do ch gai v mi duyn t m thnh. 36 H Php (Dharmapla): cao tng n , sng vo khong th k 6, ngi thnh Kin ch b la, l con ca quan i than nc t la t (Drvida) thuc min nam n , l 1 trong 10 v i lun s Duy thc. S vng li cha m kt hn vi 1 cng cha, nhng vo ngy hn l th s co tc xut gia. S tinh thng gio l i tha v tiu tha, thm nhp yu ch ca Du gi duy thc, tng tranh lun v ngha hu v v vi b tt Thanh Bin, son lun gii Duy thc tam thp tng ca b tt Th Thn. S tng ging dy cha Na lan nc Ma kit , ni c hc tng n my ngn v. Nm 29 tui, s v n tu ti cha i b (Mahbodhi), chuyn vic tr tc, v

truyn php cho lut s Gii Hin. S th tch nm 32 tui. Trc khi s tch, trn khng c tin ni rng, y l v Pht trong ngn v Pht Hin kip. Tc phm: i tha qung bch lun thch lun, Thnh duy thc bo sanh lun, Qun s duyn lun thch. 37 Gia hnh v: Ch cho b tt t gia hnh v (non, nh, nhn, th nht) t ch cha nhm c t lng phc tr, tin thm mt bc gia cng dng hnh t n kin o (Hoan h a) tr v chn nh. Giai v ny c kh nng t n cnh gii c 2 v ng, nhng trong tm vn hin tin tng nh, nn cha tht tr ni cnh gii Duy thc. y gi l php i tha thun quyt trch phn. 38 Thng gi l ci thn Pht trong lch s, biu hin cho loi ngi, cn gi l trng lc ng thn. 39 T lng v: Giai v cha nhm cc thin hu lu t n qu Pht. Ba t lng v l ch cho hng b tt thp tr, thp hnh, thp hi hng, ly phc c tr tu lm t lng tr o. Thp tr nng v tu tp l qun, thp hnh nng v tu tp s qun, thp hi hng tu l s bt nh qun. Php tu hnh ny gi l i tha thun gii thot phn, d dt tr c hin hnh ca 2 chp phn bit, nhng chng t nng th, s th vn tim phc cha tr. 40 Chnh i v dc l cn bn ca lun hi. Gc r lun hi l i. i c dc h tr nn lm cho sanh t lin tc. 41 Cc lc sc: n v vt cht nh nht do phn tch thc sc ca 5 cnh v 5 cn. Tiu tha Hu b cho n l vt c thc, v thuc v sc x, s duyn ca nhn thc, nhng i tha Duy thc th cho n c l do phn tch trn mt gi tng, v thuc v php x, s duyn ca thc. Cc lc sc l 1 trong 5 loi php x s nhip sc (sc php thuc php x) do tng Duy thc lp ra. Nm loi php x s nhip sc l: cc lc sc, cc hunh sc, th s dn sc, bin k s sc, nh t ti s sanh sc. 42 Cc hunh sc: cn gi l t ngi sc, ch cho nhng hin sc khng tnh ngn ngi ca khng gii, nh mu sc, sng, ti. 43 Php x s nhip sc: cn gi l php x sc, l sc php th 11 trong 11 sc php trong Duy thc (5 cn, 5 cnh v php x sc). X trong php x l ch nng ta v nui ln tm s, chia lm 12 loi gi l thp nh x (6 cn v 6 cnh). Php cnh trong 12 x l i cnh khch quan ca cn.

Php x bao gm 11 x kia cng lm nhim v trng dng tm v tm s. Trong tt c sc php, h php no b gom vo php x th gi l php x s nhip sc. 44 c u thc: l thc khng cng vi 5 thc trc sanh khi. 45 Th s dn sc: cn gi l v biu sc, ch cho nhng sc php pht sanh t cm th. Nng ni 2 nghip thin c ca thn v khu khi pht ng m sanh ra sc php v hnh ni thn, y l hin tng khng th biu hin ra bn ngoi c, nh tc dng tinh thn phng sai tri, b iu xu c do tm nim tr gii dn khi. 46 Bin k s sc: thc duyn vi 5 cn, 5 cnh m khi sanh tc dng suy tnh, so lng i vi tt c php h vng phn bit, ngay ni thn bin hin ra nh tng sc php, nh hoa m gia h khng, bng trng trong nc, hnh nh trong gng u xp vo loi sc php ny. Loi sc php ny bn cht ca n ch c nh tng m khng c ch nng g. 47 nh qu sc: cn gi l nh t ti s sanh sc, ch cho cc cnh sc, thanh, hng, v c bin hin ra nh sc thin nh. Loi sc php ny l do nh lc th thng, c th t ti bin hin tt c sc. 48 Ng cu thc = minh liu thc: thc sanh khi cng lc vi bt c mt thc no ca 5 thc trc. 49 Chnh vn l bt tc gii, ngha l khng c suy t, phn bit. 50 Chnh vn l v th php, l ch cho nh tng, php x. 51 y c l tc, khng phi l c tc = nhng hnh vi c rt nh ca thn, hay ca ming. 52 a: lnh vc ca thc: cn, l thc t ng. Chnh thc t ng ny m lm cho tm thc tp nhim lm nhn cho kh (v va l bn thn ca kh), ri thc t ng ny chuyn i i th chnh n lm cho tm thc thanh tnh. Do a hay c gi l nhim tnh y. 53 Kinh Gii thm mt: Trong a u tin c 2 th ngu ti, mt l ngu ti v ng chp v php chp, hai l ngu ti v nhng s tp nhim trong c o, cng vi s nng n ca 2 th ngu ti y, l nhng ci b i tr y. (H.T Tr Quang dch)

54 Duyn y l cn duyn v cnh duyn, u l ch cho thc A li da. 55 nhim: l thc v t ng, thng tng ng vi 4 phin no: ng si, ng kin, ng mn v ng i. 56 S thanh tnh ca lc tng thng: l mt trong nhng c th m mi a u c, v cp ca a sau th hn cp ca a trc. Kinh Gii thm mt ghi: i b tt Qun T Ti tha Pht: Bch c Th tn, cc a nh th ny c lp ra bi my th c th? c Th tn dy i b tt Qun T Ti: Thin nam t, khi lc c 8 th: mt l, s thanh tnh ca lc tng thng; hai l, s thanh tnh ca tm tng thng; ba l, s thanh tnh ca bi tng thng; bn l, s thanh tnh ca tng thng; nm l, s thanh tnh ca s phng s ch Pht tng thng; su l, s thanh tnh ca s thnh thc chng sanh tng thng; by l, s thanh tnh ca s th sanh tng thng; tm l, s thanh tnh ca uy c tng thng. 57 Chnh vn l ti h phm, tn nghi, tm dch l trin min, tc v minh lp sau cht. 58 Nhm vn: vn chuyn mt cch t nhin, khng tc . 59 Thun nht = bn cht v k khng thay i. 60 Tc cho 6 thc trc l s hun, k tht 6 thc trc l nng hun. 61 Thng gi: ngi thng, ch cho cc v b tt vo kin o, c chn hin qun. 62 Chng t trong: chng t ngoi l chng t ni theo ngha en; chng t trong l nng tnh hun tp. Th d nh s a vn th nht thit phi c s hun tp a vn (k c v tc ng l) th mi thnh tu c. 63 Chnh vn l cng sanh t un: hp th i n tn cng sanh t. 64 Chuyn b phin no chng v s tri chng m chuyn c i b v i nit bn. c chuyn y th i tng khng cn in o, i tng l thc th tm thnh v lu (chn nh xut trin).
Ngi gi bi: Tuyn Hong

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