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GII THIU

KINH I BT NH BA LA MT A
o Nguyn
Ngun
www.thuvienhoasen.org
Chuyn sang ebook 20-6-2009
Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com
Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org
Mc Lc
Li Gii Thiu
I. MY NT V DCH CH V CNG VIC DCH KINH I BT NH BA LA
MT A
II. GII THIU TNG QUT V KINH I BT NH BA LA MT A
A/- Bn x, mi su hi:
B/- Gii thiu tng hi:
C/- Mt vi ghi nhn thm:

Li Gii Thiu
Kinh i Bt Nh Ba La Mt a (Phn ng: Mah-Prajnpramit- Stra) l
b kinh v i nht ca Pht gio Bc truyn, xt v s lng cng nh diu
l. Kinh gm 600 quyn, chim ti 3 tp vi 3.000 trang in kh ln ca i
Tng Kinh i Chnh Tn Tu (TK/CTT, No 220, cc tp 5,6,7), do Tam
Tng Php s Huyn Trng (602-664) dch t ch Phn ra ch Hn.
Qun chng Pht t Vit Nam cng nh gii Pht hc phn ng u tip
cn vi kinh Kim Cng v Bt Nh Tm kinh, hoc c tng, hoc nghin
cu, hc hi, nhng c th ch mt s t mi bit rng kinh Kim Cng vn
l mt hi ngn ca kinh i Bt Nh Ba La Mt a (hi th 9, quyn 577,
TK/CTT, tp 7, trang979C- 985C), cn Bt Nh Tm kinh (TK/CTT,
T8, No 251, trang 848C) cng do Tam Tng Php s Huyn Trng dch,
chnh l s thu tm mt s im then cht, tinh ty nht ca kinh i Bt
Nh Ba La Mt a.
Loi bi vit sau y, chng ti xin bc u gii thiu v b kinh y.

I. MY NT V DCH CH V CNG VIC DCH KINH I BT


NH BA LA MT A
Tn tui cng s nghip cu php ca Tam Tng Php s Huyn Trng
(602-664) c s sch ni ti kh nhiu, y chng ti ch xin nhn
mnh thm v s nghip dch thut kinh in ca Ngi. Trong lch s dch
thut kinh in ca Pht gio Trung Quc, ba ci mc chnh c ni ti l
Trc Php H (226-304), Cu Ma La Thp (344-413) v Huyn Trng (602664). Nh th, Huyn Trng c xem l nh cao, l s tp hp i thnh
ca qu trnh dch thut y. Cc nh nghin cu Pht hc s dng t ng
"cu dch, tn dch" ch cho cc cng trnh v li dch thut kinh in
Pht gio trc ngi Huyn Trng (cu dch) v t ngi Huyn Trng tr v
sau (tn dch).
Nhn chung, s nghip dch thut kinh in ca ngi Huyn Trng din ra
trong thi gian khong 20 nm vi nhng thnh qu t c tht l k diu,
theo mc lc ca TK/CTT, ngi Huyn Trng dch trn 70 tn Kinh,
Lut, Lun, gm 1322 quyn, ngoi b i Bt Nh ra, cn c nhng b
kinh, Lut, Lun ni bt sau y: - Bt Nh Ba La Mt a Tm kinh: 1
quyn, TK/CTT, No 251, T8- Kinh Pht Thuyt V Cu Xng (Duy Ma
Ct): 6 quyn, TK/CTT, No 476, T14- Kinh Gii Thm Mt: 5 quyn,
TK/CTT, No 676, T16- A T t Ma i T B Sa Lun: 200 quyn,
TK/CTT, No 1545, T27 A T t Ma Cu X Lun: 30 quyn,
TK/CTT, No 1558, T29- A T t Ma Thun Chnh L Lun: 80 quyn,
TK/CTT, No 1562, T29... - B Tt Gii Yt Ma vn: 1 quyn,
TK/CTT, No 1499, T24- B Tt Gii bn: 1 quyn TK/CTT, No
1501, T24- Du Gi S a lun: 100 quyn, TK/CTT, No 1579, T30
v.v...
Ngoi ra, ngi Huyn Trng cn tr thut b sch i ng Ty Vc k
gm 12 quyn rt ni ting (TK/CTT, No 2087, T51).
Ti liu trong Pht Quang i t in (Pht Quang Xut bn x, 1995, tr 839
trung- 839 h) cho bit vic t chc dch thut b kinh i Bt Nh Ba
La Mt a rt l chu o, vi s h tr c lc ca triu nh nh ng
thi by gi. Cc v s: Gia Thng, i Tha Khm, i Tha Quang,
Hu Lng, Khuy C... gi nhim v bt th. Cc v nh Huyn Tc, Thn
Phng... gi nhim v bin tp, sa vn (Huyn Tc cn l ngi vit
16 bi ta cho 16 hi trong b kinh ny), cn cc v s Hu Qu, Thn Thi,
Hu Cnh th lo vic chng ngha. Ton b cng vic c tin hnh thun

hp trong hn ba nm ri, t thng ging nm 660 ti thng Mi nm 663


th hon thnh, v l cng trnh ln sau cng ca ngi Huyn Trng, v
thng Hai nm sau (664) th ngi vin tch. V l mt b phn quan trng
trong t tng ca Pht gio i tha, nn cc kinh thuc vn h Bt Nh
c a vo t Trung Hoa v c dch ra Hn vn rt sm (i ng
Hn). Trc ngi Huyn Trng, cc kinh thuc vn h Bt Nh c dch
gm:
1. Kinh o Hnh Bt Nh: 10 quyn, Chi Lu Ca Sm dch (i Hu Hn,
TK/CTT, No 224, T8)
2- Kinh i Minh : 6 quyn, Chi Khim dch (i ng Ng,
TK/CTT, No 225, T8)
3- Kinh Phng Quang Bt Nh: 20 quyn, V La Xoa dch, (i Ty Tn,
TK/CTT, No 221, T8)
4- Kinh Quang Tn Bt Nh: 10 quyn, Trc Php H dch (i Ty Tn,
TK/CTT, No 22, T8)
5- Kinh Ma Ha Bt Nh Sao: 5 quyn, m Ma B v Trc Pht Nim dch
(i Tin Tn, TK/CTT, No 226, T8)
6- Kinh Ma Ha Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 27 quyn, Cu Ma La Thp dch (i
Hu Tn, TK/CTT, No 223, T8)
7- Kinh Tiu Phm Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 10 quyn, Cu Ma La Thp dch
(i Hu Tn, TK/CTT, No 227, T8)
Ton b cc kinh y u c trong i Bt Nh Ba La Mt a v c
Ngi Huyn Trng dch li (s ni r thm khi gii thiu cc hi trong i
Bt Nh). iu ny gip cho cc nh nghin cu Pht hc nhn thy r
hn v qu trnh s dng cc thut ng Pht hc, phng hng dch, cng
nh cch l gii v din t cc vn c bn ca t tng Bt Nh.

II. GII THIU TNG QUT V KINH I BT NH BA


LA MT A
A/- Bn x, mi su hi:
Kinh i Bt Nh Ba La Mt a c thuyt ging 4 ni l:

- Ni Linh Thu thuc thnh Vng X (gm cc hi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 v 15)


Khu lm vin K - Cp C c (gm cc hi 7, 8, 9, 12, 13 v 14)
- Cung tri Tha Ha T Ti (hi th 10)
- Gn ao Bch L trong tinh x Trc Lm, thnh Vng X (hi th 16)
Kinh gm 600 quyn, thuyt ging qua 16 hi: trong y, so vi cc bn kinh
c dch t trc th:
- Cc hi 1, 3, 5, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 v 16 (9 hi) l ngi Huyn Trng dch
mi, gm 481 quyn.
- Cc hi cn li: 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (7 hi) c cc v i trc dch ri v
ngi Huyn Trng dch li, gm 119 quyn.
B/- Gii thiu tng hi:
S lng kinh vn hm cha trong mi hi khng u nhau: hi ngn nht:
1 quyn; hi di nht: 400 quyn.
1) Hi th nht: y l hi di nht, gm 400 quyn (quyn 1-400) chim
trn hai tp TK 5 v 6 vi hn 2147 trang, gm 79 phm chnh, phn thnh
461 phn, mi phn di ngn khng u; phn di c th l mt quyn, phn
ngn th khong mt trang hoc na trang v.v... hi ny c nhng phm
rt di, nh phm "Hiu lng cng c" gm 66 phn (TK/CTT, T5, tr
570C-906B), phm "Nan tn gii" gm n 103 phn (TK/CTT, T5, tr
979A-1074C; T6, tr 1-448A).
2) Hi th nh: Hi ny gm 78 quyn, t quyn 401-478 (TK/CTT, T7,
tr 1-426A), vi 85 phm chnh, chia thnh 142 phn; phm di nht hi
ny ch gm bn phn, nh cc phm th 3 (Qun chiu), phm th 23 (V
bin t), phm th 68 (Xo tin), phm th 76 (Chng c tng)...
Cc kinh sau y, c dch trc ngi Huyn Trng, thuc v hi ny:Kinh Phng Quang Bt Nh: 20 quyn, V La Xoa dch (i Ty Tn, No
222, T8).- Kinh Ma Ha Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 27 quyn, Cu Ma La Thp
dch (i Hu Tn, No 223, T8).
3) Hi th ba: Gm 59 quyn, t quyn 479- 537 (TK/CTT, T7, tr 427761B) vi 31 phm, chia thnh 80 phn. Phm di nht hi ny l phm
Thin Hin gm 17 phn (tr 446C-526B).

4) Hi th t: Gm 18 quyn (t quyn 538-555, TK/CTT, T7, tr 763A865A) vi 29 phm, chia lm 32 phn; phm di nht hi ny l phm th
ba (Cng dng Tt ba), gm ba phn.
4 kinh sau y, c dch trc ngi Huyn Trng, thuc v hi ny:Kinh o Hnh Bt Nh: 10 quyn, Chi Lu Ca Sm dch, i Hu Hn, No
224, T8- Kinh i Minh : 6 quyn, Chi Khim dch, i ng Ng, No
225, T8- Kinh Ma Ha Bt Nh Sao: 5 quyn, m Ma B v Trc Pht Nim
dch, i Tin Tn, No 226, T8- Kinh Tiu Phm Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 10
quyn, Cu Ma La Thp dch, i Hu Tn, No 227, T8.
Cn hai kinh ny th c dch sau ngi Huyn Trng- vo i Tng- cng
thuc hi th t ca i Bt Nh Ba La Mt a: Kinh Pht Mu Xut Sinh
Tam Php Tng Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 3 quyn, Php Hin dch
(TK/CTT,, No 229, T8).
5) Hi th nm: hi ny gm 10 quyn, t quyn 556-565, T7, tr 865B920B, vi 24 phm, 28 phn (phm di ch c hai phn).
6) Hi th su: Gm 8 quyn, t quyn 566-573, T7, tr 921A-963C, vi 17
phm, 26 phn. Kinh Thng Thin Vng Bt Nh Ba La Mt, 7 quyn, do
Nguyt B Th Na dch, vo i Trn (gia th k th 6 TL), thuc v hi
ny (TK/CTT, No 231, T8).
7) Hi th 7: Gm hai quyn, t quyn 574-575, T7 tr 963C-964B, c gi
l Mn Th Tht Ly Phn (2 phn), hi ny cng c thu vo kinh i Bo
Tch, hi th 46 (TK/CTT, No 310, tp 11, quyn 115-116, tr 650-657)
Hai kinh lc dch vo i Lng (tin bn th k th 6 TL) cng thuc v
hi th 7 ny:- Kinh Vn Th S Li S Thuyt Ma Ha Bt Nh Ba La Mt:
2 quyn, Mn La Tin dch (TK/CTT, No 232, T8)- Kinh Vn Th
S Li S Thuyt Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 1 quyn, Tng Gi Ba La dch
(TK/CTT, No 233, T8)
8) Hi th tm: Gm 1 quyn (576, T7, tr 974B-979B), c gi l Na Gi
Tht Li Phn.
Kinh Pht Thuyt Nhu Th B Tt V Lng Thanh Tnh Phn V, 2
quyn, do Tng Cng dch (i Lu Tng, th k th 5 TL, No 234, T8) l
thuc hi ny.

9) Hi th 9: Gm 1 quyn, tc quyn 577 (T7, tr 979C-985C), c gi l


Nng on Kim Cng Phn, chnh l kinh Kim Cng m phn ng
ngi Pht t bit v tr nn quen thuc.
Tng nn nhc li, trc v sau ngi Huyn Trng, chng ta c ti 5 bn
dch kinh Kim Cng sau y (4 trc, 1 sau):- Kinh Kim Cng Bt Nh
Ba La Mt: 1 quyn, Cu Ma La Thp dch (u th k th 5 TL),
TK/CTT, No 235, T8, tr 748C-752C - Kinh Kim Cng Bt Nh Ba La
Mt: 1 quyn, B Lu Chi dch (i Nguyn Ngy, u th k 6)
TK/CTT, No 236, T8, tr 752C-757A - Kinh Kim Cng Bt Nh Ba La
Mt: 1 quyn, Chn dch (i Trn, gia th k th 6), TK/CTT, No
237, T8, tr 762A- 766C - Kinh Kim Cng Nng on Bt Nh Ba La Mt:
1 quyn, Cp a dch (i Ty, cui th k th 6), TK/CTT, No 238, T8,
tr 766C-771C - Kinh Pht Thuyt Nng on Kim Cng Bt Nh Ba La
Mt a: 1 quyn, Ngha Tnh dch (i ng, u th k th 8, sau ngi
Huyn Trng), TK/CTT No 239, T8, tr 771C-775B.
Trong s ny, bn dch ra i trc nht v c ph bin rng ri nht l
bn dch ca ngi Cu Ma La Thp. Xin nu mt so snh:
- Bi k cui php thoi y, ngi Huyn Trng dch:
"Ch ha hp s vi
Nh tinh, , ng, o
L, bo, mng, in, vn
ng tc nh th qun"
(TK/CTT, T7, tr 985C)
Bn bn dch ca cc ngi: B Lu Chi, Chn , Cp a v Ngha
Tnh, ni by k ny, cng ging nh ngi Huyn Trng, tc l s dng 9 th
d: Tinh (tinh t), (o nh ca mt b bnh), ng (n), o (o thut), L
(sng mai), Bo (bng nc), Mng (chim bao), in (nh chp) v Vn
(m my) thu tm v khi qut ha v tnh cht v thng ca ton b
cc php hu vi ni th gian. Tham kho bn dch ting Anh ca Edward
Conze, chng ta thy ni bi k y cng nu 9 th d nh 5 bn dch k
trn. iu chng t ni nguyn bn ting Phn hn dng ti 9 th d
nh th. Nhng bn dch ca ngi Cu Ma La Thp th ni bi k ch
s dng 6 th d m thi: "Nht thit hu vi php
Nh mng o bo nh
Nh l dic nh in

ng tc nh th qun"
(TK/CTT, T8, tr 752B)
"Trong 6 v d ca bn dch ngi La Thp, th chim bao (mng), o thut
(o), bng nc (bo), sng mai (l) v nh chp (in) l 5 v d d hiu
nht, v c th v vy m bn dch ca ngi La Thp nguyn. Cn nh
tng (nh) th khng c trong 9 v d ni cc bn kia, r rng ngi La Thp
dng ch ny (nh) tng qut 4 v d kia ton l nh tng; l: tinh
t (tinh), o nh do mc bnh (), ngn n (ng) v m my..." (HT Tr
Quang, Vit dch Kinh Kim Cng, bn in 1994, tr 261).
ng l mt s thu tm tht gn gh, hp l v ti tnh bit bao! Chnh t 6
v d ni bn dch ca ngi La Thp m kho tng thut ng v t tng ca
Trung Hoa phong ph thm ln vi s c mt ca t Lc d hay Lc nh
(xem T Hi, tp Thng, Ti Tn Tng nh bn, i Loan Trung Hoa th
cc n hnh, 1994, tr 539B)
10) Hi th 10: Hi ny gm 1 quyn, tc quyn 578 (TK/CTT, T7, tr
986A-991B), c gi l Bt Nh L Th Phn. Bn kinh sau y, c
dch vo i ng (3) v Tng (1) l thuc v hi ny: -Kinh Tht Tng
Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 1 quyn, B Lu Chi dch, TK/CTT, T8, No 240
Kinh Kim Cng nh Du Gi L Th Bt Nh: 1 quyn, Kim Cng Tr
dch, TK/CTT, T8, No 241 Kinh i Lc Kim Cng Bt Khng Chn
Tht Tam Ma Da: 1 quyn, Bt Khng dch, TK/CTT, T8, No 243 Kinh
Pht Thuyt Bin Chiu Bt Nh Ba La Mt: 1 quyn, Thi H (Tng) dch,
TK/CTT, T8, No 242.
11) Hi th 11: Gm 5 quyn, t quyn 579-583, T7, tr 991B-1019A, c
gi l B Th Ba Ma Mt Phn, c 5 phn, mi phn 1 quyn.
12) Hi th 12: Gm 5 quyn, t 584-588, T7, tr 1019B-1044A, c gi l
Tnh Gii Ba La Mt Phn, chia lm 5 phn nh, mi phn 1 quyn.
13) Hi th 13: Ch c 1 quyn, quyn th 589 (T7, tr 1044A- 1049C),
mang tn l An Nhn Ba La Mt Phn.
14) Hi th 14: Cng gm 1 quyn, quyn 509 (T7, tr 1049-1055), mang tn
l Tinh Tn Ba La Mt Phn.
15) Hi th mi lm: Gm 2 quyn 591 v 592 (T7, tr 1055B-1065B) c
gi l Tnh L Ba La Mt Phn, chia lm 2 phn nh, mi phn mt quyn.

16) Hi th mi su: Gm 8 quyn, t quyn 593 n quyn 600 (T7, tr


1065B-1110B), c gi l Bt Nh Ba La Mt Phn, chia lm 8 phn nh,
mi phn mt quyn.
C/- Mt vi ghi nhn thm:
Ghi nhn mt cch tng qut v 16 hi ca kinh i Bt Nh Ba La Mt a
l nh th, sau y l mt s ghi nhn thm:
1. V t c c Th Tn gi u tin nhn y thuyt ging diu
php l Tn gi X Li T (X Li Pht).
2. Cc v i t ca c Pht c mt trong kinh, gp phn nu hi s
vic, nhn y c Th Tn qung din gio php gm: C th X Li T,
C th i Mc Lin, C th i m Quang (i Ca Dip), C th Chp
i Tng, C th i Ca a Din Na (i Ca Chin Din), C th Khnh
H (A Nan), ng ch hn c l C th X Li T.
3. V i t xut hin nhiu nht trong kinh ny, khng ch nu hi, c
c Th Tn nhn y thuyt ging, m cn gp phn qunh din diu l
ca kinh, l Tn gi Thin Hin (Tu B ). Chnh thng qua kinh ny m
Tn gi Tu B c xem l v A La Hn "gii khng nht" trong s
mi v i t ca c Pht.
4. Cc v B Tt c mt trong kinh, t nhiu tham gia vo php thoi, nh:
B Tt T Th, B Tt Thin T, B Tt Mn Th Tht Li, B Tt Thin
Dng Mnh l ngi c c Th Tn gi tn thuyt ging phn sau
cng ca kinh.
5. Ch Thin tham gia nu hi ngha v c c Th Tn nhn y
thuyt ging, nh: Thin vng Ti Thng, Thin vng Quang c, mt
s v Thin t ci Dc v ci Sc. Xut hin nhiu nht, tham gia tch cc
vo php thoi l Thin Thch (Kiu Thi Ca).
6. Mt s thut ng, tn ngi, tn t v.v... c Php s Huyn Trng s
dng trong kinh ny, hoc theo li nguyn m, hoc theo li dch , c s
khc vi cc v dch gi i trc hoc sau:- Bc Gi Phm (Th Tn), mi
tn hiu ca Pht: Nh Lai, ng Chnh ng Gic, Minh Hnh Vin Mn,
Thin Th, Th Gian Gii, V Thng Trng Phu, iu Ng S, Thin
Nhn S, Pht - Bc Gi Phm.- Bn chng t: Bs, Bsni, baschca,
batca.- Tam b chng: Thin, Long, Dc Xoa, Kin t Phc, A T

Lc, Yt L , Khn Nai Lc, Ma H Lc Gi.- Su Ba La Mt: B th,


Tnh gii, An nhn, Tinh tn, Tnh l, Bt nh.- Bn qu Thanh Vn: D
Lu, Nht Lai, Bt Hon v A La Hn.- Ba nghip: Thn, ng, .- Ba ng
c: a ngc, Qu gii, Bng sinh.- Mt vi a danh: Th a lm (rng K
), Cng gi (sng Hng), Tht La Phit (X V)... Mt s thut ng: Hu
tnh (chng sinh), C th (Tn gi), c gic (Duyn Gic, Pht Bch Chi),
Nht sinh s h (Nht sinh b x). a (u ), Tt ca da kin (Thn
kin), Tt ba (thp), Ch a (Chi - thp khng c th x li), Thit li
a (x li), Du thin na (do tun), D sinh (phm phu)...
7. So vi mt s b kinh tiu biu trong Hn tng, kinh i Bt Nh Ba La
Mt a rt t k. V v s din t mang tnh cht bao qut, ton din v trit
, nn mt s im ct yu trong kinh c lp li. y l iu m
nhng ngi bc u tip cn vi b kinh ny cn lu .

HT

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