Chng 2 2.Lc Kho Ti Liu 2.1.

S lc v c tra v c Ba Sa
C tra (Pangasius hypophthalmus) l i tng nui thu sn nc ngt c nui ch lc ca cc tnh BSCL ni chung v An Giang ni ring. y l loi c c tnh thch nghi rng, chu ng c nhng iu kin khc nghit ca mi trng. N c th nui trong mi trng nc chy (lng, b, ng qung ) vi mt rt cao : 100 - 150 con/m3 nc; ng thi c th sng trong mi trng nc tnh (ao, hm, mng vn, rung la,), nng sut nui c th t ti 300 tn/ha Con c Tra v c Basa (Pangasius Hypophthalmus, Bocourti) t lu c bit n nh mt mn qu m thin nhin ban tng cho cc tnh vng ng Bng Sng Cu Long. Bi chnh ci v ngt v s ti nguyn ca vng sng nc min Ty Vit Nam trong tng ming c trng (hng) chinh phc khu v ca thc khch trn khp th gii. Ngun: http://www.tafishco.com.vn/vn/About/Home/?tID=25

2.2.Cc phng php kim tra ch tiu vi sinh vt trn mu c tra v c ba sa phi l da trn cc tiu chun:
TCVN 5276-1990 Thy sn. Ly mu v chun b mu. TCVN 2068:1993 Thy sn ng lnh. Phng php th. TCVN 4829:2005 (ISO 6579:2002) Vi sinh vt trong thc phm v thc n chn nui Phng php pht hin Salmonella trn a thch. TCVN 4884:2005 (ISO 4833:2003) Vi sinh vt trong thc phm v thc n chn nui Phng php nh lng vi sinh vt trn a thch - K thut m khun lc 30 0C. .TCVN 7905-1:2008 (ISO/TS 21872-1:2007) Vi sinh vt trong thc phm v thc n chn nui Phng php pht hin Vibrio ssp c kh nng gy bnh ng rut - Phn 1 : Pht hin Vibrio parahaemolyticus v Vibrio cholerae. Xc nh Vibrio cholera, theo TCVN 7905-1:2008(ISO /TS 21872-1:2007). Xc nh Salmonella, theo TCVN 4829:2005(ISO 6579:2002).

Ngun :http://www.chebien.gov.vn/data/thongbao/gopy.doc Xc nh Salmonella theo NMKL 71, xut bn ln th 5, nm 1991 c p dng pht hin salmonella trong tt c cc loi thc phm Xc nh vi khun Vibrio cholerae v V. parahaemolyticus trong tt c cac loi thc phm (tham chiu theo s tay phn tch vi sinh ca FDA, 2004) Xc nh tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh trong tt c cc loi thc phm iu kin nui 25oC trong 5 7 ngy ( tham chiu theo NMKL, n bn ln 4 , 2002).

2.3.Salmonella
2.3.1 nh ngha: Salmonella l trc trng gram m, hiu kh ty nghi, c kh nng di ng ( tr S. gallinarum pullorum), sinh acid t glucose v manitol nhng khng ln men sacharose v lactose, khng sinh indole v khng phn gii ure. Hu ht cc chng u sinh H2S (tr S. typhi). 2.3.2 Mi trng v ha cht: Nc peptone m (buffered peptone water, BPW) Canh rappaport- Vassiliadis soya peptone(RV) Tetrethionate muller-kauffmann(TT) Mi trng thch XLD Thch hektoen entric entric(HE) Manitol Motility Canh ure Canh Lysine Decarboxylase Borth (LDC) 2.3.3 Quy trnh phn tch kim h tnh salmonella: Salmonella c th c pht hin ( phn tch nh tnh ) bng mt quy trnh gm 4 bc l tng sinh, tng sinh chn lc, phn lp v khng nh.

Ngun : phng php phn tch vi sinh vt trong nc, thc phm v m phm ( Trn Linh Thc)

2.4 Phng php kim nghim salmonella trong thc phm

- Phng php: tham chiu theo phng php NMKL 71 n bn ln 5. Nm 1999 2.4.1 Nguyn tc - Phng php ny ch dng nh tnh pht hin hay khng pht hin. - Quy trnh kim tra Salmonella bt buc phi qua bn gia on: tin tng sinh, tng sinh, phn lp v khng nh. 2.4.2 Mi trng v thit b - Canh Peptone m (BPW). - Canh Rappaport-Vasiliadis soy peptone. - Thch Brilliant Green Phenol Red Lactose Sucrose (BPLS) - TSI, TSA - Canh Lysine decarboxylase, Urea phenol red, Manitol Phenol red be - B iu nhit 0.20C - T m 3710C 2.4.3Quy trnh - Ly mu: Ly mu vng b mt cng rng cng tt - Tin tng sinh: trn 25g mu vi 225ml nc m peptone m, ng nht mu bng my dp mu. 370,10C t 18 n 24 gi. - Phn lp: t mi trng tng sinh cy chuyn khun dch ln b mt mi trng phn lp XLD sao cho c th to c nhng khun lc tch ri. Lt ngc a 370,20C trong 243 gi. Trn mi trng XLD khun lc Salmonella in hnh trong, hi nhum do s thay i ca cht ch th trong mi trng, phn ln c tm en. Bao gi cng nhn thy mt vng mi trng ln hay nh. 2.4.4 Khng nh Nhng khun lc nghi ng c kim tra khng nh bng th nghim sinh ha: Lactose (-), Sucrose (-), Glucose (+), Urease (-), Indol (-), Mannitol (+), VP (-), LDC (+), ODC (+) v amygdaline (-) 2.4.5 c kt qu & bo co Pht hin hay khng pht hin Read more: http://duocphamvn.com/baiviet/6219-Phuong-phap-kiem-nghiem-visinh-trong-thuc pham.thuoc?s=f98804f0c3e0df4aeeaea1cc5bbb5f23#ixzz1VSegXdVZ

2.5 Vibrio

2.5.1 nh ngha: Vibrio l vi sinh vt gram m, hnh que hai u khng u nhau to thnh hnh du phy, di ng, sng k kh ty , c phn ng catalase v oxidase (+) ln men glucose nhng khng sinh hi, khng sinh H2S, nhy cm vi vibeiostasicum O/29. tr V.cholreae hin din vng nc ngt tt c cc loi vibrio khc u cn mui tng trng v thng xuyn c phn lp c t cc vng nc ven bin. 2.5.2 c im Vibrio cholerae thuc ging Vibrio, h Vibrionaceae l phy khun gram m, k kh tu nghi, c kh nng di ng, phn ng oxidaza dng tnh, pht trin c nhit 420C, ln men ng sacaroza, kh lysin; pht trin c mi trng khng c mui nhng khng pht trin c mi trng c nng mui ln hn hoc bng 6 %; nhy vi hp cht c ch phy khun O/129 Vibriostat. Pht hin Vibrio cholerae bng cch tng sinh trong mi trng lng chn lc v cy chuyn phn lp trn mi trng rn chn lc. Nhng khun lc nghi ng c khng nh bng th nghim sinh ho v khng huyt thanh.

2.6 Phng php kim nh tnh Virio Cholerae v Virio parahaemolyticus trong thc phm
- Phng php: tham chiu theo s tay phn tch vi sinh FDA , n bn ln 8, nm 1995 2.6.1 Nguyn tc - Virio Cholerae v Virio parahaemolyticus c nui trong mi trng lng chn lc. t y dch khun c cy chuyn sang mi trng rn chn lc. nhng khun lc ging Virio Cholerae v Virio parahaemolyticus c th nghim bng cc phn ng sinh ha. 2.6.2 Mi trng v thit b - Thch Thiosulphate citrate Bile salt sucrose (TCBS agar) - Peptone kim cha 1% Nacl (APW) - TSA + 1,5 %Nacl - T m 3710C 2.6.3 Quy trnh Tng sinh:Cn v trng 25 g mu thu sn vo mt ti PE v trng. Ct cc mu ln thnh cc mnh nh ri thm 225 ml nc pepton kim APW. Dp mu 2 pht, 371 0C trong 6 gi v 16-24 gi Phn lp v c kt qu: t mi trng tng sinh cy ria vo mi trng TCBS thch 37,0 1,00C trong 18 - 24 gi. Trn mi trng TCBS thch khun lc V. cholerae trn, ln c ng knh 23mm hi dt, mu vng (do vi khun ln men sacaroza), gia m v c vin m xung quanh. V. parahaemolyticus trn, ln c ng knh 3-4mm , mu xanh

dng 2.6.4 Th nghim sinh ha -Khun lc nghi ng trn TCBS thch cy chuyn sang mi trng khng chn lc TSA 1,5% NaCl. nhit 37,0 1,0oC trong 18 - 24 gi. + Th nghim s b: Php th Phn ng tiu biu ca Virio parahaemolyticus Phn ng tiu biu ca Virio Cholerae TSI K/A -K/A -Tnh duy ng + + Oxydase + + KOH + + + Th nghim khng nh Php th Phn ng tiu biu ca Virio parahaemolyticus Phn ng tiu biu ca Virio Cholerae Tnh chu mn 0% NaCl 3% NaCl 6% NaCl 8% NaCl 10% NaCl -

+ + + + Ln men sinh axt t Sucrose Lactose Maninitol + + + ONPG + ADH LDC + + Urease +

2.6.5 Bo kt qu Pht hin hay khng pht hin

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2.7 Nm men, nm mc
2.7.1. nh ngha: Nm men v nm mc l nhm vi sinh vt a dng, cho n nay c hn 400.000 loi nm men v nm mc c m t. y l nhm vi sinh vt nhn tht, c vch t bo l lp v chitin, c nhn v cc bo quan khc . Tt c cc loi men v mc u thuc nhm vi sinh vt d dng, chng cn ngun carbon hu c cung cp nng lng t mi trng bn ngoi. 2.7.2. c dim v hnh dng ca nm men, nm mc Vi nm l nhng vi sinh vt rt nh vi hn 90.000 loi phn b khp ni. Chng c xem l thc vt bc thp khng dip lc t, tc khng c hoa l, nn phi sng k sinh trn cc sinh vt hoc cht ra mc. Tuy c rt nhiu loi nhng da vo hnh th c bn c th chia lm hai loi: nm men (l nhng vi nm c dng t bo men hnh trn hay bu dc, phi dng knh hin vi mi thy c v kch c l t bo ging nh vi khun) v nm si (l nhng vi nm a bo pht trin thnh dng si t nh, phn nhnh, sinh khi c th thy bng mt thng nh nm mc mu en pht trin trn thc n thiu i). Vi nm khng ch gy hi m cn em li nhiu li ch cho con ngi. Chng ta n bnh m thy khoi khu, ung bia ru va phi phn chn u bit rng c bnh m, bia ru bt buc phi c nm men Saccharomyces cerevisiae ln men sn xut hai th ny. Hoc trong y dc hc, khng th c thuc khng sinh vi tc dng cha bnh thn k nu ngi ta khng c nm si Penicillium chrysogenum c dng sn xut penicillin. Bn cnh cc li ch, vi nm c th gy hi nh lm hi thc phm v k sinh gy bnh cho ngi. (http://htx.dongtak.net/spip.php?article3719)

2.8 Phng php kim nh lng nm men nm mc trong thc phm

Tng s nm men v nm si trong tp cho php c mt trong sn phm c th thay i, cao nht l 5.104 khun lc/g sn phm. - S dng mi trng thch nm men v nm si (Yeast and mould agar). Thnh phn nh sau: Cht chit nm men : 3g Cht chit malt : 3g

Peptone : 5g Dextrose :10g Thch : 20g Nc ct :1L pH cui : 6,2 0,2 Tit trng mi trng 121 0C trong thi gian 15 pht - Cch thc hin: Chun b mu: ly 25g mu ri cho vo bnh xay v khun. Cho tip vo bnh xay 225mL nc peptone v xay nhuyn mu. Ta s thu c dd huyn ph c pha long l 10-1. S dng nc peptone tip tc pha long mu vi cc h s pha long l 10-2, 10-3 Cy mu: mu thc phm c nui cy vi ba pha long khc nhau, s dng 2 hp petri cho mi pha long. Nui cy: mu c gi trong iu kin hiu kh nhit 300C-350C trong thi gian t 48-72g. - Tnh kt qu: tng t nh phng php nh lng vi sinh vt trn mi trng c. ngun: phng php phn tch mt s ch tiu vi sinh ca thc phm.pdf