Tn gi v phn loi enzym (tt)

Lp 2: Hydrolase (lp enzym thu phn) Lp ny gm nhng enzym phn gii nhiu c cht khc nhau nh protein, lipid, glucid.... to ra nhng phn n gin. Phn ng c s tham gia ca phn t H2o nn gi l lp enzym thu phn. S phn ng: R-R' + H2O R-OH + R'-H

Da vo mch ni v c cht ngi ta chia hydrolase lm nhiu nhm V d: Nhm ct mch este Nhm ct mch glcosid Nhm ct mch peptid ng ch nht l my nhm chnh di y 1. Carbohydrase - Thu phn glucid (Ct mch glucozit C - O - C) - Loi carbohydrase thu phn a ng gi l polysacarase Loi carbohyrase thu phn ng kp gi l disacarase. * i din chnh ca polysacarase (hay polyase) l a - amylase, ~ - amylase,

cellulase. Nc bt v m ng vt (gan, tu, c, no...) ch yu l a - amylase. - a - amylase phn gii tinh bt, glycogen thnh dextrin v mt t maltose. - - amylase ch yu thc vt, kh nng phn gii cao hn (n maltose). - Enzym cellulase ch yu c cc loi vi sinh vt, ng vt cao ng (ngi, gia sc) khng c, enzym ny thu phn cht x (cellulose) thnh ng kp celobiose. * Nhm disacarase (hay olygase) c tnh c hiu ho hc khng gian nn chia ra a v glucosidase, tu v tr ct mch glucosid trong ng kp. a - glucosidase thng gp: maltase (c nhm dch tiu ho ni bo).

 - glucosidase nh sacarase, lactase... 2. Esterase Ct mch este phc tp nh phospho este; thioeste m... Nhm enzym ny c tnh c hiu khng cao (tr cholinesterase c hiu cho acetylcholin ca h thn kinh). Mt s phn nhm chnh nh sau: a- Lipase: (thu phn glycerin v acid bo) m thnh

Enzym ny c ty, mu, gan v ht cy c du nhiu vi khun cng cha lipase. b- Phosphatase: Tch hoc ghp gc phosphat nhiu loi c cht.

i din: enzym nucleotidase - tch H2PO4 khi nucleoti Ribonuclease v desoxyribonuclease (phn gii acid nucleic) 3. Protease Thu phn protein v peptid Chia lm 2 loi: proteinase v peptidase S phn ng :

R-CO-NH-R' + H2O R-COOH + R'NH2 * i din chnh ca proteinase l Pepsin: c trong dch tiu ho d dy Lc mi tit ra dng pepsinogen v c hot ho bi H+ vi pH = 1,5 - 2,0. Chng phn gii gn 30% mch peptid v bin protein thnh polypeptid.

Chimosin: enzym ny ch c d mi kh ng vt non. N c tc dng lm ng vn caseinogen sa thnh casein khng ho tan, ko di thi gian tc ng ca pepsin.

Trypsin: Do tuyn ty tit ra di dng trypsinogen. Hot ng mi trng kim ca rut non pH = 8 - 9 - Chimotrypsin: do tuyn ty tit ra nh trypsin hot ho, n c tc dng lm casein ng vn. - Catepsin: c trong m bo nh gan, c, thn, lch hot ng pH : 4 -5 nn tc dng ph hu protein ni bt sau khi ng vt cht (pa m bo lc toan v c nhiu acid lactic). Papain: l proteinase thc vt c nhiu nha cy u . Nhng mnh peptid do nhm enzym k trn phn ho s c peptidase tc ng tip tc n acid amin.

* Mt s i din peptidase nh sau: - Carboxvpeptidase: do tuyn ty v nim mc rut non sn sinh, n ct mch peptid gn nhm carboxyl (COOH) t do. Aminopeptidase: Do nim mc rut non sn sinh, n ct mch peptid gn nhm quan (NH2) t do. s tc dng ca 2 loi trn:

4. Amidase Thu phn cc amid : R-CO-NH2 + H2O R-COOH + NH3

My i din ph bin: - Urease tch ur thnh amoniac Glutaminase tch glutamin thnh acid glutamic v NH3+ - Asparaginase tch asparagin 5. Desaminase Enzym kh nhm quan Enzym ny tch NH2 ra khi aci quan hoc gc kim purin. V d: