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Sao chp cng thc cha cc loi tham chiu khc nhau

1.Tham chiu trong cng thc

c tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau:

Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.

Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4 Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4 Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.

Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.

Hnh 2.5. Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i 2. Copy cng thc c cha cc tham chiu tng i Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau , c th thc hin theo cc cch sau : Hoc qut chn c vng D2:D14 g <Ctrl+D Hoc ko Fill Handle xung cc hang bn di

Hoc Double Click vo Fill Handle chp cng thc

Nhn vo cc D3, D4... D14 , ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo. Tham chiu tng i di chuyn theo 4 hng. Trong hnh sau, nu bn chp cng thc t F7 ln E6, tham chiu Cell tng i s chuyn t D3 thnh C2

Ti hnh di y, bn s thy cng thc chp t F7 sang E6:G8 s thay i nh th no ?

Cng c khi tham chiu ca bn ch n Cell khng tn ti, nh hnh sau, iu g s xy ra nu bn Copy cng thc t C4 vo B3 ?

Tham chiu A1 s ch n Cell c v tr bn trn 1 hng v bn tri 1 ct. Cell ny khng tn ti, nn Excel s tr v li #REF! nh hnh v

3. Copy cng thc c cha cc tham chiu hn hp : A. C nh hng (hay ct) :

Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, Sau chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton. V th, trong cng thc, ta phi t du $ trc s 17 c nh hang. (B$17)

B. C nh c hng v ct : Chng ta s khi to mt bng nhn nh sau gip cc chu b hc tp. Trong hnh 172, chng ta s nhp mt cng thc duy nht vo Cell B2, ri sau s chp sang tan b bng A2:M13 Tham chiu hn hp $B1 s kho cng thc ct B trong khi thay i theo v tr cc hang Tham chiu hn hp B$1 s kho cng thc ti hng 1, v s thay i theo v tr cc ct Cng thc chng ta cn cho bng nhn ny l mt cng thc nhn tt c nhng v tr trn hang 1 vi tt c cc Cell bn di v tt c nhng v tr ti ct A vi tt c cc Cell bn tri ct A ny c nh hang 1, chng ta du $ trc v tr hang. Th d : B$1, v c nh ct, chng ta t du $ trc v tr ct, th d $A2

Trong hnh di, cng thc chng ta nhp vo Cell B2 l : = $A2 * B$1

Copy cng thc trong B2 sang ton b bng , ta s c hnh 178

4. Copy cng thc c cha cc tham chiu tuyt i : Hnh di y s cho chng ta thy vic s dng 4 loi tham chiu : tng i, hn hp, v tuyt i to ra mt cng thc c th chp sang cc hang v cc thng nh th no

Cng thc ny s s dng 4 loi tham chiu. - Nhp cng thc u tin vo Cell H6, bn s tnh hoa hng bn hang ca thng ging trong Cell E6 - Chp cng thc t thng ging sang thng hai, bn mun tham chiu E6 s thay i thnh H6 - Chp cc cng thc xung cc hang bn di, bn li mun thay i E6 thnh E7, E8Do , phn E6 ca cng thc s l tham chiu tng i v khng c du $

Bn s nhn doanh thu bn vi li sut NH Cell B1. Khi bn Copy cng thc sang cc thng khc v xung cc hang bn di, n cng ch tham chiu n Cell B1. Do , bn cn s dng du $ trc ct B v trc hang 1 : $B$1 tnh thin thng SP, bn cn nhn doanh thu vi thu SP ct C. Tt c cc thng hang 6 u tham chiu n Cell C6. Tt c cc thng hang 7 u tham chiu n Cell C7. Do , bn cn mt tham chiu hn hp m ct C c nh. S dng a ch $C6 Cui cng, bn bn hang s da trn li nhun hang thng a ra t l thch hp tnh hoa hng. T l ny c ghi trn E1:G1. Hoa hng thng 1 c tnh da trn Cell E1, thng 2 trn Cell F1, thng 3 trn Cell G1. Trong trng hp ny, bn cn cho php cng thc ca bn c nh ti hang 1, cho d bn sao chp cng thc xung cc hang khc. Do , bn phi s dng tham chiu hn hp l : E$1 By gi, ta xc nh cc thnh phn ca cng thc ti Cell H6 nh sau : = E6 * ($B$1 + $C6) * E1

Kt qu nh hnh sau

Kt lun : Cc tham chiu tng i, tuyt i, v tham chiuhn hp l mt trong nhng khi nim quan trng nht trong Excel. S dng ng nhng thamchiu s cho php bn to ra mt cng thc duy nht v sao chp n bt c ch no bn cn 5. Cch ghi n gin du $ trong cng thc : Ta c cng thc sau ;

Chng ta bt u thc hin cch ghi cng thc ny nh sau : S dng phm F4 khi nhp cng thc. Phm F4 s bt tt v cho ra 4 loi tham chiu Hnh 183 , cho ta bt u nhp cng thc : = E7*(B1

Ngay lp tc, sau khi bn nh B1, nhn phm F4. Excel s Insert c 2 du $ vo tham chiu B1 nh hnh sau

Th d sau minh ho khi bn nhn F4 ln na, Excel thay i tham chiu tuyt i thnh tham chiu hn hp, vi phn hang c nh (hnh 185)

Nhn F4 ln na. Excel thay i tham chiu hn hp, vi phn ct c nh (hnh 186)

Nhn F4. Excel thay i tr v tham chiu tng i (hnh 187)

y l cc bc th chin vic nhp cng thc trn o nh = E7*(B1 o Nhn F4 o nh +C7 o Nhn F4 3 ln. Cng thc ca bn s xut hin (hnh 188)

o ng du ngoc, nh du * vi E1 (hnh 189)

o Nhn F4 2 ln thay i E1 thnh tham chiu hn hp kho hang (hnh 190)

o Nhn Ctrl + Enter nhp cng thc, v khng lm con tr di chuyn sang Cell k bn (hnh 191)

o Dng chut, ko Fill Handle sang 2 Cell bn phi (hnh 192)

Bn Copy c cng thc t thng ging sang 2 thng cn li (hnh 193)

o Double Click 2 ln vo Fill Handle. Bn s Copy c cng thc xung tt c cc hang di (hnh 194)

Bn cng c th nhp cng thc trc. Sau , bn Highlight tham chiu trn thanh Formula

V nhn F4 a du $ vo v tr thch hp ca tham chiu

6. Tm hiu tham chiu R1C1 hiu thm v sao chp cng thc : Tht ngc nhin, khng c hng ch ct trn u bng tnh, m c thay bng hang s (hnh 197). Khng c cng thc bn nhp vo s am vic

l do chng ta chuyn kiu tham chiu t dng A1 sang dng R1C1, kiu tham chiu R1C1 rt hu ch cho vic tnh ton v tr dng v ct trong VBA. i vi kiu R1C1, Excel k hiu R ch dng theo sau l s th t dng v k hiu "C" ch ct theo sau l s th t ct. Tham chiu R[-2]C R[2]C[2] R2C2 R[-1] R ngha Tham chiu tng i n nm trn hin hnh 2 dng trong cng ct Tham chiu tng i n nm di hin hnh 2 dng v nm bn phi 2 ct Tham chiu tuyt i n ti dng 2 ct 2 (tng ng B2) Tham chiu tng i n c dng nm trn hin hnh Tham chiu tuyt i n dng hin hnh

Lu : Mc nh, khi ghi macro Excel s sinh ra cc tham chiu di dng R1C1.

Bt tt kiu tham chiu R1C1

Ti tab General, chng ta t du kim vo hp R1C1 reference style

Khi Dan Bricklin v Bob Frankston pht minh ra VisiCalc, h s dng dng thc A1 t tn cho Cell. Khi Mitch Kapor bt u bn Lotus 1-2-3, h cng s dng dng thc ny. Khi Microsoft a ra sn phm bng tnh u tin Microsoft Multipan - h s dng phng thc t a ch Cell khc. Phng thc ny l R1C1. Trong h thng Microdoft, hang c nh s nh h thng A1. Tuy nhin, ct cng c nh s. Mi Cell c t tn, th d RaC8, iu ny c ngha l Cell hang 4, ct 8. Cell m chng ta bit gi l H4 Trong kiu R1C1, cng thc rt l th. Hy nhn vocng thc ti Cell D6 (hnh 199)

Cng thc trn thanh Formula l : = D5 + C6 B6. Nhng khi bn ngh v cng thc ny trong th gii phng, c ngha l : Ly gi tr ca Cell pha trn ti, cng thm vo li nhun Cell bn tri ti, tr i chi ph phi tr 2 Cell nm pha bn tri ti Cng thc trong dng R1C1 c v ging ngn ng miu t trong th gii phng. Nu bn mun nhp cng thc trong D6, v tham chiu n Cell pha trn, n s l = R[-1]C. Con s trong ngoc vung sau R ch nh c bao nhiu hang trc mt hay sau lng bn ang tham chiu. Trong trng hp ny, hang 5 cch mt hang trn hng 6, v th, bn phi t -1 vo du ngoc vung. Khng c s sau ct C, c ngha bn ang tham chiu cng ct vi Cell cha cng thc Nu bn tham chiu n 2 Cell bn tri Cell c cng thc, bn s s dng = RC[2] Hnh 200 cho thy cng thc t hnh 199, c nh li theo kiu R1C1 nh sau : = R[-1]C+RC[-1]-RC[-2]

V th, tt c cc tham chiu tng i trong R1C1 c cng 1 s trong ngoc vung hoc sau R, hoc sau C, hoc c 2 Tht th v, nu nhn dng R1C1 trong a ch tuyt i nh th no. Trong hnh 201, cng thc trong B6 l mt a ch tuyt i v lun lun ch n E2. Cng thc theo kiu A1 l =$E$2

nhp tham chiu tuyt i theo dng R1C1, bn khng cn du ngoc vung trong a ch. Nh hnh 202, cng thc =R2C5 s lun lun ch n Cell E2

Cng c th c tham chiu hn hp. Tr li bng nhn hnh 177, hnh 203 ch ra cc cnghc ca bng nhn di dng R1C1

By gi, bn hiu c cn bn ca dng cng thc R1C1. Cn nh rng Microsoft pht minh ra dng thc ny cho sn phm Multipan . Lotus 1-2-3 l sn phm bng tnh vt tri vo cui nhng nm 1980 v u nhng nm 1990. Nhng ngi s dng bng tnh hu nh quen thuc vi dng A1. Khng ai mun tm hiu dng R1C1 na. V vy, trong sn phm ca Microsoft, h pht trin mt h thng phc tp cng thc cha dng thc R1C1, nhng sau dch cng thc R1C1 thnh dng A1 lm cho cc fan ca Lotus d hiu hn V mc nh, Microsoft khi ng vi a ch dng thc A1. Tuy nhin, bn c th nh t hnh 198, bn c th b du kim bt tt tr li dng thc R1C1 Nhn Ctrl + ~ bt ch Formula View. Formula View trong kiu A1 nh hnh 204. Tt c cc cgn thc trong ct D l khc nhau Formula View trong kiu R1C1 c th nhn thy nh hnh 205

7. Copy cng thc nhng khng lm thay i tham chiu : Hoc bn nhn F2 vo ch Edit Cell. Highlight chn cng thc ca Cell trn thanh Formula, nhn Ctrl + C Copy. Xong, bn Paste vo Cell cn chp cng thc . Tuy nhin, nu d liu nhiu, bn khng th thc hintheo cch ny c Bn chn dy Cell c cng thc m bn mun gi nguyn tham chiu.

o Vo Menu Edit / Replace. Ti hp Find What, bn g du =. Ti hp Replace With, bn g du #. Nhn Replace All

Ta c kt qu nh sau :

o Bn Copy dy ny v Paste vo v tr bn mun. Gi s v tr l ct E

o Cui cng, bn thc hin li vic thay th tr li du # bng du = t hp thoi Edit / Replace

Kt qu sau cng l :

Trng hp bn Copy v chuyn hang thnh ct m khng lm nh hng n cc tham chiu, bn cng c th p dng cch trn. Bn chuyn dy Cell c cha cng thc thnh chui bng Menu Edit / Replace, thay du = bng du # o Sau khi thay xong, bn Copy dy ny, v Paste Special / Transpose vo v tr bn mun. Gi s l Cell E2

Kt qu nh sau :

o Cui cng, bn li thay tr li du # bng du = nh trn

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