TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

TNH TON B SBR

Cc thng s thit k:
Thi gian lu bn c = 10 30 ngy
T s F/M = 0,04 0,1 kg BOD5/kg MLVSS.ngy
Ti trng th tch L = 0,1 0,3 kg BOD5/m3.ngy
Hm lng cn : MLSS = 2000 5000 mg/l
Cc thng s u vo :
- Lu lng nc thi QhTB = 3000 m3/ng = 125 m3/h
- Hm lng BOD u vo BOD5 (vo) = 160 mg/l
- Cn l lng u vo TSSvo= 98 mg/l (gm 67% cn c th phn hy sinh
hc)
- Hm lng COD u vo COD = 378 mg/l
- Nc thi khi vo b Aerotank c hm lng cht rn l lng bay hi
(nng vi sinh vt ban u) Xo = 0
- T s gia lng cht rn l lng bay hi (MLVSS) vi lng cht rn l
lng ( MLSS) c trong nc thi l

MLVSS
= 0,8 ( tro ca bn hot tnh Z =
MLSS

0,2)
- Nng cht rn l lng bay hi hay bn hot tnh XTSS = 3500 mg/l
- Ch s SVI = 120 ml/g
c im nc thi cn cho qu trnh thit k
Hm lng COD c kh nng phn hy sinh hc
bCOD

1,65

(BOD) =

1,65

x 115

mg/l =

{x}
Hm lng COD khng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc
nbCOD = 275,4 190 = 85,4 mg/l
Hm lng TSSvo = 98 mg/l
Ta c

VSS
= 0,8 VSSvo = 0,8 x 98 = 78,4 mg/l
TSS

Hm lng VSS khng phn hy sinh hc l:

nbVSS = (1-0,67) x 78,4 = 25,87 mg/l

Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

190

mg/l

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

Xc nh chu k vn hnh ca b SBR
Ta xy dng 2 b SBR, trong thi gian b I lp y th b II thc hin qu
trnh khuy trn sc kh, lng, rt nc. Do :
tF = tA + tS + tD
Trong :
tF : thi gian lp y nc vo b
tA : thi gian sc kh, khuy trn
tS : thi gian lng
tD : thi gian rt nc ra khi b
tI : thi gian khng lm vic, tI = 0
Chn

tA = 2 h
tS = 0,5 h
tD = 0,5 h

tF = 2 + 0,5 + 0,5 = 3 h
TC = 3 + 2 + 0,5 + 0,5 = 6h
S chu k mt b hot ng trong mt ngy:
n=

(24h/ng)
= 4 chu k/b
6h/chu ky

S chu k c hai b hot ng trong mt ngy:

n = 2 b x 4 chu k/b = 8 chu k
Th tch phn lp y cho mt chu k:
VF =

3000 m 3 / ng
= 375 m3
8 ck/ng

Xc nh kch thc b
Ta c :
Tng lng SS dng vo = tng lng SS sau lng
VTX = VSXS
Trong :
- VT : tng lu lng ca 1 b , m3
- X : nng MLSS trong dng vo, X = 3500 mg/l
- VS : th tch bn lng sau khi rt nc, m3
Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

- XS : nng MLSS trong bn lng, mg/l
(10 3 mg/g)(10 3 ml/l) (10 3 mg/g)(10 3 ml/l)
XS =
=
= 8333,3 g/m3
SVI, ml/g
120 ml/g

VS X
3500
=
=
= 0,42
VT X S 8333,3

m bo SS khng ra khi b khi gn nc, ta tnh thm 20 %

VS
=1,2 x 0,42 = 0,5
VT

Ta c : VT = VF + VS

Chn

VF VS
+
=1
VT VT

VF
=1 0,5 = 0,5
VT

VF
= 0,5
VT

VT =

VF
375
=
= 750 m3
0,5
0,5

Chiu su hot ng b SBR H = 7 m

Chiu su xy dng ca b SBR:
Htc = H + hbv
Trong : hbv : chiu cao bo v, hbv = 1 m
Htc = 7 + 1 = 8 m
Din tch mt bng b :
F=

V 750 m 3 / be
=
= 107,14 m2
H
7m

Chn kch thc b : B x L = 8 m x 13,5 m =108

Chiu su rt nc hF = 50%H = 3,5 m
Chiu cao phn cha bn:
hb = 42% H = 0,42x 7 = 2,94 m
Chiu cao an ton ca lp bn :
han ton = 0,08 x 7 = 0,56 m
Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

Th tch phn cha bn :
VS = 0,42 x VT = 0,42 x 750 = 315 m3
Thi gian lu nc tng cng ca c 2 b
=

2 be x (750m 3 / be) x 24 h
= 12 h
3000 m 3 / ng

Xc nh thi gian lu bn:

Tng lng sinh khi trong b SBR
PX,TSSC = VXMLSS
= 750 m3 x 3500 g/m3 x 1kg/10-3g = 2625 kg
2

Px,TSS C =

Yx Q x(SO S) C (f d )(k d )QY(SO S) C

+
+ Q(nbVSS)C
1 + (k d ) c
1 + (k d ) c

+ Q(TSSO VSSO)C
Trong o:
C : thi gian lu bn, ngy
Q: lu lng trung bnh ngy ng vi mi b , Q = 1500 m3/ng
Y: h s sn lng bn, l thng s ng hc xc nh bng thc nghim
Chn Y = 0,4 mgVSS/mg bCOD5
SO : nng c cht ca nc thi dn vo b Aerotank, SO = 190 mg/l
S : nng c cht ca nc thi ra khi b Aerotank, mg/l
Xem SO S SO
kd: h s phn hy ni bo, l thng s ng hc c xc nh bng thc
nghim.
kd,T = k20T-20 = 0,12 mg/mg.ng x (1,04)25-20
= 0,146 mg/mg.ngy
fb : T l vn t bo, fb = 0,15
0,4 x 1500 x 190 C (0,15)(0,146)x 1500 x 0,4x 190 C
+
2625.10 =
(1 + 0,146 c )0,85
(1 + 0,146 c )0,85
3

+ 1500 x 25.87xC + 1500 (98 78,4)C

C = 22,9 ngy ( Quy phm 10 30 )
Xc nh nng MLVSS
Hm lng tng sinh khi trong b SBR tnh theo MLVSS
Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

Px,VSS =
=

Yx Q x(SO S) (f d )(k d )QY(SO S) C

+
+ Q(nbVSS)
1 + (k d ) c
1 + (k d ) c

0,4x 1500 x 190 0,15x (0,146)1500 x 0,4 x 190 x 22,9

+
+ 1500 x
1 + 0,146 x 22,9
1 + 0,146 x 22,9

25,87
= 26247 + 13163 + 38805
= 78215 g/ng = 78,3 kg/ngy
Xc nh lng bn d
Gi s bn c trng lng ring = 1,02 kg/m3
Lng bn c kh nng cha trong b
Mbn = Vb x x XS
= 315 m3 x 1,02 kg/m3 x 8333,3 .10-3
= 2677,5 kg
Th tch bn chon ch sau n chu k :
n

Gn = Gn-1 +

PX

0,8

+ SSn

n -1

Trong :
Gn-1 : lng bn ca chu k n-1, kg
PX : Hm lng MLSS sinh ra trong chu k th n, kg
SSn : lng cn hu c i vo b mi chu k, kg
Tng hm lng MLVSS trong 1 b tnh theo ngy:
PX,VSS = 78,3 kg/ngy
Tng hm lng MLSS trong 1 b tnh theo chu k :
PX =

PX,VSS
4

78,3
= 19,6 kg/chu k
4

Hm lng cn trong b:
G0 = VXMLSS = 750 x 3500 x 1kg/10-3 = 2625 kg
Lng cn hu c i vo b mi chu k l:
SS = ( TSS0 VSS0) x VF
= (98 78,4) x 500 x 1kg/10-3g = 9,9 kg
Sau 1 chu k lm vic, ta c:

Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

G1 = G0 +

PX
+ SS
0,8

= 2625 +

19,6
+ 9,9 = 2659,4 kg
0,8

Sau chu k lm vic th 2:

G2 = G1 +

PX
+ SS
0,8

= 2659,4+

19,6
+ 9,9 = 2693,8 kg>2677,5
0,8

Do sau chu k 1 ta phi thi b bn d ra khi b

Khi lng bn cn thi b l:
Gbn d = G3 G0
= 2659,4 - 2625 = 34,4 kg/1b
Lu lng bn cn thi b:
Vbn d =

G bun du
34,4
=
= 4,05 m3
-3
x X S 1,02 x 8333,3 x 10

Th tch bn thc trong b sau 1chu k:

Vb =

G2
2659,4
=
= 312,9 m3
-3
x X S 1,02 x 8333,3 x 10

Chiu cao bn thc trong b sau 1 chu k:

Hb =

Vb 312,9
= 2,9 m
=
F
108

Xc nh tc rt nc ra khi b
Lu lng nc rt khi b SBR = lu lng lp y
VF = VD = 375 m3
tD = 0,5 h = 30 pht
Tc rt nc =

375
= 12,5 m3/pht
30

Xc nh t s F/M v ti trng BOD

Ti trng th tch:
LBOD =

QS O
V

Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

trong :
- Q : lu lng nc thi, Q =1500 m3/ngy.b
- SO : hm lng BOD5 u vo, SO = 115 mg/l
- VT : th tch b , VT = 750 m3
LBOD =

1500m 3 / ng x 115 g / m 3
= 230 g BOD5/m3.ngy
3
750m

= 0,23 kg BOD5/m3.ngy
Tr s ny nm trong khong cho php LBOD = 0,1 0,3 kgBOD5/m3.ngy
T s F/M:
QS O
1500 x 115 g / m 3
F/M =
=0,066 g/g.ngy
=
XV
3500 g / m 3 x 750m 3

Tr s ny nm trong khong cho php F/M = 0,04 0,1 g BOD5/g BHT.ngy

Xc nh lu lng oxy cn thit
Lng oxy yu cu cho mi b
Ro = Q ( SO S) 1,42 PX,bio
Trong :
PX,bio : hm lng VSS c kh nng phn hy sinh hc, c tnh nh sau:
PX,bio =
=

Yx Q x(S O S) (f d )(k d )QY(S O S) C

+
1 + (k d ) c
1 + (k d ) c
0,4x 1500 x 190 0,15x (0,146)1500 x 0,4 x 190 x 22,9
+
1 + 0,146x22,9
1 + 0,146 x 22,9

= 26247 + 13163
= 39410 g/ng
RO = 1500 m3/b.ng x 190 g/m3 - 1,42 x 39410 g/ng
= 229038 g/ngy = 230 kg/ngy
Mi b hot ng 4 chu k/ngy, mi chu k thi gian sc kh l 2h, do
lng O2 cn cung cp trong 1h cp kh l:
MOxy =

230 kg / ng
= 28,75 kg/h
4x 2

Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

Cng sut cp Oxy mi my l

28,75
= 9,6 kgO2/h
3

Gi s rng khng kh co 23,2% trng lng O2 v khi lng ring khng

kh l 1,2 kg/m3. Lng khng kh l thuyt cho qu trnh l:
MKK =

M Oxy

9,6 kg/h
= 34,5 m3/h
0,232 x 1,2 0,232 x 1,2

Thit b sc kh
Theo tnh ton phn trn, lng O2 cn cho mi b SBR l 28,75 kg/h.
Da vo catalogue v my thi kh dng Jet (ph lc 4), ta chn 2 jet aerator
Flumator 320 cng sut 22; p lc 2 6 ;
Chiu su t JET l 6,5 m
Xc nh mt s thng s
Tng hm lng MLSS trong 2 b tnh theo ngy:
PX,TSS =

2 xVX MLSS

2 x 750 x 3500
22,9

= 229,3.103 g/ngy = 229,3

kg/ngy
Hm lng bCOD kh trong 2 b l:
MbCOD = 3000 m3/ng x 190 g/m3 x 1kg/10-3g
= 570 kg/ngy
Hm lng BOD b kh:
MBOD =

M bCOD 570
= 345,5 kg/ngy
=
1,6
1,65

H s sn lng quan st tnh theo MLSS:

Yobs =

PX,TSS
M BOD

229,3
= 0,66 g TSS/gBOD
345,5

H s sn lng quan st tnh theo VSS

Yobs = 0,66gTSS/gBOD x 0,8 gVSS/gTSS
= 0,528 g VSS/gBOD
H s sn lng quan st
Yobs =

PX,TSS
M bCOD

Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

229,3
= 0,402g TSS/g bCOD
570

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

Hiu qu x l tnh theo BOD
Theo [7]
Tnh hm lng BOD dng ra khi b Aerotank
BODra = sBOD +

g BOD
0,8 g VSS
x
x TSS (g/m 3 )
1,42 g VSS
g TSS

Trong :
sBOD : hm lng BOD phn hy chm, sBOD=24 mg/l, chn sBOD=
3mg/l
BODra = 3 mg/l + 0,704 x 0,8 x 25,87 = 17,57 mg/l
Hiu qu x l c tnh theo cng thc:
E=

BOD V BODR
x 100
BOD V

E=

115 17,57
x 100 = 85 %
115

Thit b rt nc trong
Chn thit b Decanter ca nh cung cp Aqua Aerobic. Thit b gm mt
phao ni lm bng vt liu si thy tinh, pha trn l h thng c in t t ng
iu khin vic ht nc, c bao quanh bi mt lp bo v, phn ny c ni
vi phn cha nc chm di nc, gia hai phn ny c bt kn hon ton
bng mt vng m nm di y ca phao ni. Cc h thng ny c ni vi
ng dn nc ra bng nha do c th un cong theo s ln xung ca thit b, sau
cng, ng dn nha do ni vi ng dn nc ra c nh bng nha PVC.
Thit b decanter ny c u im l gia phn cha nc chm v phn y
phao c thit k kn tuyt i, do trnh c s xm nhp ca cc cht l
lng nh bn. Vic thit k ny m bo cho vic tho nc ra khi b ch xy ra
phn trn vi mt su thch hp v ch trong phm vi ng knh ca phao,
trnh vic cc cht ni trn b mt khng b ko theo vo dng chnh.
Cc thit b c kh ph i km vi thit b rt nc gm c:
- Dy phao vi phao lm bng si thy tinh, dy neo thp khng r,khung
neo dn thp m v thp tm.
- Ong x nc bng ng nha PVC
- Tr neo thp m ng knh 120 mm
- Khung tr neo bng thp m.
- Khung di tr neo bng thp m

Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

- Bulong khp ni
- Van bm iu khin bng in ng knh 100mm
Da vo catalogue v thit b rt nc kiu phao (ph lc 5), chn thit b
Rottnest Island WA vi chiu di 2,1 m
Thit b bm bn
Tnh ton ng ng dn bn
Vn tc trong ng ng dn bn v = 0,3 0,5 m/s
Chn v = 0,4 m/s
Lu lng bn thi Qbn = 4,05 m3
Thi gian bm bn t = 0,5h
ng knh ng dn bn:
D=

4 x Q bun
=
vx

4 x 4,05 m 3 / 0,5h
= 0,085
0,4 x 3,14 x 3600

Chn ng PVC c D = 80 mm
Kim tra li vn tc trong ng:
v=

4 x Qb
4 x 4,05 m 3 /0,5h
=
= 0,45 m/s
x D 2 3,14 x 0,08 2 x 3600

Vn tc ny nm trong khong 0,3 0,5 m/s

Cng sut my bm:
N=

Q x Hbx x g
1000x

Trong :
Lu lng bn cn bm , Qbn d = 4,05 m3/0,5h = 2,25.10-3 m3/s.1b
Hb : ct p ca bm , Hb = 8 m
: khi lng ring cht bn , = 1020 kg/m3
g : gia tc ri t do, g = 9,81 m/s2
: hiu sut bm, chn = 0,8
N=

4,05/0,5 x 8x 1020 x 9,81

= 0,81 kW
1000 x 0,8

Theo bng 4.17, chn bm (K)CV 15-80 vi cc thng s:

Cng sut 1,5 kW
Bin Vn Tranh (ST)

TI LIU CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO

Tn tht p lc 10m
Lu lng: 0,4 m3/ph
Khi lng : 31kg
Kch thc: L = 357 mmm, H = 530 mm, D = 213 mm
B iu khin
B iu khin da trn mch PLC ( programmable Logical Controller). B vi
x l Allen Bradley SLC5/04, c thit k vi mc ch ti u ha cc qu trnh
ca h thng SBR.
B iu khin l mt h thng hot ng da trn nhn t thi gian, c
lp trnh sn theo cc yu t nh thi gian cc pha, iu khin cc thit b phn
ph kh, khuy trn, rt nc, mang n kh nng iu khin hon ton t ng,
gip gim bt ti a nhn t con ngi tham gia vn hnh h thng.
B iu khin h thng SBR gm cc b phn sau:
- B vi x l Allen Braley SLC5/04
- Mch PLC
- Mn hnh Allen Braley panel 550
- Thng cha modem iu khin
- Dy cp

Bin Vn Tranh (ST)