n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

NHIM V CA N MN HC
Hy tnh ton v thit k truyn ng in cho mt c cu nng h cu trc dng
ng c ln lt l:
- ng c in mt chiu kch t song song.
- ng c in khng ng b xoay chiu 3 pha rotor dy qun.
Yu cu tnh ton v thit k nh sau:
1. ng c m my qua 3 cp in tr ph, hy tnh in tr m my bit rng
ng c ko ti nh mc.
2. Tnh in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor nng ti ln vi tc ln
lt l:
a. tc nh mc.
b. tc nh mc.
3. Tnh ton cc in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor h ti vi tc
ln lt l:
a. tc nh mc.
b. 2 ln tc nh mc.
Bit rng moment cn khi h ti bng 0,8 ln moment nh mc.
4. Thit k s nguyn l iu khin ng c khi m my nng ti v h ti. Bit
rng ng c xoay chiu ba pha c dy qun stator v rotor u c u hnh sao v sc
t ng trn stator ln hn rotor 10%.
Cc thng s cho trc:
* ng c in mt chiu kch t song song:
P (kW)

U (V)

I (A)

IKT (A)

N (vg/ph)

101

232

482

4,37

512

* ng c xoay chiu KB ba pha rotor dy qun:

P (kW)

U1 (V)

2p
(t cc)

N1 (vg)

N2 (vg)

Kdq1

Kdq2

m1

m2

46

500

28

38

0,966

0,966

R1()

R2()

X1()

X2()

pCK

pFE

I0 (A)

cos

0,13

0,0284

0,486

0,0913

0,015P

1276

23,36

0,896

0,866

Trang 1/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Ngy .....thng ..... nm 2011

GIO VIN HNG DN

Trang 2/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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Ngy .....thng ..... nm 2009

GIO VIN PHN BIN

Trang 3/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

LI CM N
hon thnh n mn hc Truyn ng in th ngoi nhng n lc ca bn
thn, chng em nhn c s gip ca nhiu thy v chng em khng bit ni g
hn ngoi nhng li cm n chn thnh ca chng em n:
- Khoa in in t trng i hc s phm k thut Thnh ph H ch Minh
khng ngng cp nht nhng kin thc mi c gi tr vo bi hc ca chng em trong tt
c cc mn hc ni chung v mn Truyn ng in ni ring, to nhiu iu kin
thun li cho sinh vin chng em trong vn hc tp.
- Trng Trung cp ngh Gia Lai to iu kin cho chng em trong sut thi
gian qua.
- Thy Lu Vn Quang, ngi truyn t trc tip cho chng em kin thc qu
gi v mn hc ny v thy cng ch dn cho chng em rt nhit tnh trong qu trnh
lm n ny./.
NHM SINH VIN THC HIN N

Trang 4/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

LI M U
Ngy nay do yu cu v cng nghip ho v hin i ho t nc nn ngy cng xut
hin nhiu dy chuyn sn xut mi c k thut hin i thay h nhng dy chuyn lc
hu, li thi. p ng c nhng yu cu ny th trc mt l phi o to ngun nhn
lc con ngi c trnh v k thut cao ngay t khi cn hc di mi trng i hc.
Trong mt dy chuyn sn xut hin i th khu truyn ng in gi vai tr rt quan
trng, n thc hin c cc cng on cui cng ca mt quy trnh sn xut v c nh
hng ln n vic nng cao cht lng sn phm v nng sut sn xut. Chnh v vy truyn
ng in l mt mn hc khng th thiu i vi nhng sinh vin khoa in. Mt trong
nhng bin php gip cho sinh vin hiu r hn v mn hc truyn ng in l lm n
mn hoc. ti ca n mang tn l: Tnh ton v thit k c cu nng h cn trc.
Ni dung ca n gm 4 chng xoay quanh vn tnh ton v thit k c cu nng h
cn trc dng ng c in mt chiu kch t song song v ng c in khng ng b xoay
chiu ba pha rotor dy qun.
Chng I: c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t song song.
Ni dung ca chng ny gii thiu v c tnh c, c tnh tc , cc thng s nh
hng n dng c tnh c, c tnh c khi o chiu quay, tnh ton in tr ph m my
v vn hm my ca ng c in mt chiu kch t song song.
Chng II: Tnh ton v thit k c cu dng ng c in mt chiu kch t song
song.
Ni dung chng ny l tnh ton in tr m my qua ba cp in tr, tnh ton cc
in tr ph nng ti, h ti v thit k s nguyn l cho c cu bng cch dng ng
c in mt chiu kch t song song.
Chng III: c tnh c ca ng c in xoay chiu khng ng b ba pha rotor dy
qun.
Ni dung chng ny l gii thiu v c tnh c, c tnh tc , cc thng s nh
hng n dng c tnh c, tnh ton in tr ph m my v vn hm my ca ng c
in xoay chiu khng ng b ba pha rotor dy qun.
Chng IV: Tnh ton v thit k c cu dng ng c in xoay chiu khng ng b
ba pha rotor dy qun.
Ni dung chng ny l tnh ton in tr m my qua ba cp in tr, tnh ton cc
in tr ph nng ti, h ti v thit k s nguyn l cho c cu bng cch dng ng
c in xoay chiu khng ng b ba pha rotor dy qun.
Mc d c gng ht sc nhng do kin thc cha su, kinh nghim thc t cha
nhiu v thi gian hn hp khng th trnh khi nhng sai lm thiu st. Rt mong nhn c
s ng gp chn thnh ca qu thy c v bn b.

NHM SINH VIN THC HIN N

Trang 5/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

MC LC
Trang
Phn A: Tnh ton v thit k c cu nng h cn trc dng ng
c in mt chiu kch t song song
Chng I: c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t song song

07

1. Phng trnh c tnh tc

07

2. Phng trnh c tnh c

08

3. nh hng ca cc thng s n dng c tnh c

09

4. c tnh c khi o chiu quay ng c

12

5. Tnh ton in tr ph m my

14

6. Hm my

16

Chng II: Tnh ton v thit k

25

1. Tnh in tr m my qua ba cp in tr m my

25

2. Tnh in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor nng ti

27

3. Tnh in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor h ti

29

4. S nguyn l

30

Phn B: Tnh ton v thit k c cu nng h cn trc dng ng

c in xoay chiu khng ng b ba pha rotor dy qun
Chng III: c tnh c ca ng c in xoay chiu khng ng
b ba pha rotor dy qun

32

1. Phng trnh c tnh tc

32

2. Phng trnh c tnh c

34

3. nh hng ca cc thng s n dng c tnh c

39

4. Tnh ton in tr ph m my bng phng php th

43

5. Hm my

44

Chng IV: Tnh ton v thit k

48

1. Tnh in tr m my qua ba cp in tr m my

48

2. Tnh in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor nng ti

55

3. Tnh in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor h ti

59

4. S nguyn l

63

Ti liu tham kho

64

Trang 6/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

PHN A
TNH TON V THIT K C CU NNG H CU TRC DNG
NG C IN MT CHIU KCH T SONG SONG
Chng I: C TNH C CA NG C MT CHIU KCH T SONG SONG
1. Phng trnh c tnh tc :
+
I

Um

Ikt
CKT
E
I

- Phng trnh c tnh tc l phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia tc

v dng in phn ng ca ng c:
n = f(I)
- Theo nh lut Kirchoff 2 ta c:

E= U

E = Um RI
m: E = Ke.m.n
Trong :
+ KE =

p.N
: l h s sc in ng
60a

* P: l s i cc t
* N: Tng s thanh dn Rotor
* a: S i mch nhnh song song trn Rotor
+ m= K.Iktm: l t thng kch t nh mc
* Iktm: l dng in kch t nh mc
* K: h s kch t
+ n: Tc ng c (vng/pht)
Ke.m.n = Um RI
n=

U m
K E . m

R .I
K E . m

(1)

Phng trnh (1) gi l phng trnh c tnh tc t nhin ca ng c in mt

chiu kch t song song (c lp).
- Khi I=0 (lc ng c khng ko ti)
n=

U m
K E . m

= n0
Trang 7/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

n0: c gi l tc khng ti l tng

- Khi I 0:
R

t: a TN = K .
E

n TN = a TN .I =

: l h s gc ( dc) ca ng t tnh tc t nhin.

m

R .I
K E . m : l st p ca ng t tnh t nhin.

n
1

no
nm = nA

2
3
Ic

TN
I

Im

on 1-3 = n0: on t tnh tc khng ti.

on 2-3 = n2 = nm: on t tnh tc nh mc.
on 1-2 = n0.n2 = nTN: st tc trn ng c tnh t nhin.
2. Phng trnh t tnh c:
- Phng trnh t tnh c l phng trnh th hin mi quan h gia tc v
moment pht sinh ca ng c:
n = f(M)
- Moment in t ca ng c:
M = KM.m.I
P.N
: gi l h s moment cn ca ng c
2.a
M
I =
K M . m , thay vo phng trnh tc (1)

Vi: K M =

n=

U m
K E . m

R
.M
K E .K M . 2m

(2)

Phng trnh (2) gi l phng trnh t tnh c t nhin ca ng c mt chiu

kch t c lp.
-

p.N
60.a
p.N
KE =
2.a
K E 2
1

= =
K M 60 9,55
K M =9,55K E

Ta c: K E =

Thay KM vo (2) ta c:

Trang 8/65

 n Truyn ng in
n=

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
U m

K E . m 9,55. K .
E
m

.M

(3)

Phng trnh (3) gi l phng trnh t tnh c t nhin ca ng c mt chiu

kch t c lp nhng khng ph thuc vo h s KM.
n
1

no
nm = nA

3
Mc
Mm

TN
M

on 1-3=n0: on t tnh tc khng ti

on 2-3=nA=nm: on t tnh tc nh mc
on 1-2=n0.n2=nTN: st tc trn ng c tnh t nhin
3. nh hng ca cc thng s n dng t tnh c:
a. nh hng ca in p U:
+
I

Ikt
CKT
U

E
I

- Vi UKT=Um, = m, Rp=0 th:

n=

U m
K E . m

R
.M
K E .K M . 2m

U: l in p c ln phn ng.
+ n=

U m
K E . m

s gim theo.

+ aNT = aTN = const

+ nTN = nTN = const
- Kt lun: H cc ng c tnh c khi gim in p l chm ng thng song
song vi ng c tnh t nhin.

Trang 9/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
TN ( Um )

n
no

U1
U2

Mc
U2 < U1 < Um

b. nh hng ca Rp trn mch rotor:

+
I

Um

Ikt
CKT
E
I

Rp

- Vi: U = Um, = m
n=

U m

R + Rp

K E . m K E .K M . 2m

.M

- Khi Rp tng th:

+ n0 =

U m
K E . m

= const

+ aNT > aTN

+ NT > TN
- Kt lun: H cc ng c tnh c l chm ng thng xut pht t n0.
n
no

TN
Rp1
Rp2

Mc

Rp2 > Rp1

c. nh hng ca t thng ():

Trang 10/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
+

Um

Ikt
CKT

RCKT

E
I

- Khi tng dn RpKT th:

+ Ikt<Iktm
+ <m
+ Rp= 0
+ U=Um
n=

U m
K E .

R
.M
K E .K M . 2

- Xt c tnh tc :
n=

U m
K E . m

R I
K E . m

+ Khi m my th: n=0

0 = U m R I

U m
R
+ Khi I=const v tc n
I =

- Kt lun: H cc ng c tnh c l chm ng thng ng quy ti Imm

n
n o2

TN
2

no1
o

Imm

2 > 1

- Xt c tnh c:

M mm = K M .. mm

Mmm t l bc nht vi t thng nn: n0 v Mmm

Trang 11/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
n
no2
2

B2

no1

B1
A2

A1

o
MC2

Mm MC1Mmm2 Mmm1

- Kt lun: i vi c tnh c, vic gim t thng s lm tc tng hay gim

tu theo tr s ti.
Thng s dng ng c c bn th phi tho iu kin:
Mc Mm
n
4. c tnh c khi o chiu ng c:
o chiu quay ng c in mt chiu, ngi ta c th o cc tnh in
p t ln phn ng hoc o chiu dng in kch t.
a. o cc tnh in p t ln phn ng:
_

+
I

Um
Ikt
CKT
N
A

B T

I T
N

- Trng thi ng c quay thun (T): ng c quay thun khi Contactor T hot
ng, lc ta c:
+ nT > 0
+ ET = KE.mm.nT > 0
+ I =

U m E T

K Em
.
R

. ( n 0 -n T ) > 0

+ MT = KM.m.IT > 0
+ nT =

U m
K Em
.

R
.M > 0
2
K
.K
.

E
M
m

- Trng thing c quay nghch (N): ng c quay nghch khi Contactor N hot
ng, lc ta c:
+ U = (-Um)
+ nN < 0
+ EN = KE.m.nN < 0

Trang 12/65

 n Truyn ng in

+ I N =

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

-U m E N

-U m + E N

<0

+ MN = KM.m.IT < 0
+ nN =

-U m

K E . m

+ n N = n 0 +

R
.M
K E .K Mm
. 2

R
.M
K E .K Mm
. 2
n

no

Um

-Um
M

-n o

b. o chiu quay bng cch o chiu Ikt:

+

Udm

I
N
CKT

T
A

Eu

T
B

Iu

- Trng thi ng c quay thun (T): ng c quay thun khi Contactor T hot
ng, lc ta c:
+ nT > 0
+ ET = KE.mm.nT > 0
+ I =

U m E T

K Em
.
R

. ( n 0 -n T ) > 0

+ MT = KM.m.IT > 0
+ nT =

U m
K Em
.

R
.M > 0
.K m
. 2
EK M

- Trng thi ng c quay nghch (N): ng c quay nghch khi Contactor N hot
ng, lc ta c:
+ nN < 0
+ = (-m)
+ EN = KE.(-m).nN > 0
Trang 13/65

 n Truyn ng in

+ I N =

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

U m E N
R

>0

+ MN = KM.(-m).IN < 0
+ nN =

-U m
K E .(- m )

+ n N = n 0 +

R
.M> 0
K E .K Mm
.( 2 )

R
.M
K E .K Mm
. 2
n

no

Um
-Um

-n o

5. Tnh Rp m my:
+
I

Um
Ikt
CKT
1G 2G 3G
E

R p1

Rp2 Rp3

R pI
RpII
RpIII

a. Vn m my:
Phng trnh c tnh tc :
n =

U m
K Em
.

R
.
EK m

.I

- Khi m my n = 0
I mm =

U m
R

Thng R = 1
R = ( 0, 04 0, 05 )
I mm = ( 20 25 ) Im

U m
Im

Tc hi ca dng in m my ln:
+ Mmm mnh
Trang 14/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

+ Dng in ln s chy cch in dy qun ng c

+ To st p trn li in
+ To lc in ng lm bin dng rnh.
Khc phc:
+ Gim dng in I maxm
mm 2,5I
+ Mun Imm Icp th phi thm Rp ni tip trn mch Rotor
U m
I mm =
=Icp
R + Rp

- Khi ng c m my th n>0
n , E =K . m .n
U m E
Nn: I = R + R s gim xung, trnh ng c lm vic n nh tc

thp ngi ta phi ngt dn in tr ph ra khi mch phn ng.

b. Phng php tnh Rp m my:
* Cc iu kin ban u: tnh c in tr m my ta cn phi bit trc cc iu
kin sau:
- Cc thng s nh mc: Pm , U m , Im , nm, m
- Tr s ti Ic, Mc.
- S cp in tr m my m.
* Tnh Rp bng phng php th.
n
no

(II)

(I)
j

h
f
d

TN
RpI

(1) g
e
(2)

b
b

RpII

(3)

RpIII

IC

I2

I1

- Bc 1: Ta tin hnh v ng c tnh tc t nhin chn gi tr ln nht v

gi tr nh nht cho php trong qu trnh m my.
I1m
= ( 1,8 2,5 ) I

I 2m
= ( 1,1 1,3) I , nu Im > Ic , hoc I2 = (1,2-1,3)Ic, nu Icm> I

T I1 v I2 dng hai ng thng song song vi trc tung, hai ng thng ny ct

ng t nhin ti hai im g v h, t g k ng thng song song vi trc I ct I2 ti
im f, ni n0f ct ng (I) ti e. Sau tip tc t e k song song vi I ct ng (II)
ti im d, ni n0d ct ng (I) ti im c, t c k ng song song vi trc I ct ng
(II) ti b, ni n0b ct ng (I) ti a, a l giao im gia trc I v ng (I).
- Bc 2: Tnh Rp m my
+ T n0 k ng song song vi trc I ct ng (I) ti im j
+ Tnh st p trn ng t tnh:
Trang 15/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

* T nhin: n TN =n 0 -n TN =
* Nhn to: n TN =n 0 -n TN =

R .I
K Em
.
R +R p
K Em
.

.I

Vi cng mt gi tr ph ti th:
n TN
1

n
NT
je-jg
eg
= R
(1) R pI = R

jg
jg

n TN
R
=
Rp = R
n NT R + R p

jc-jg

cg

ja-jg

ag

(2) R pII =
= R jg
jg

(3) R pIII =
= R jg
jg

T ta tnh c:
Rp1 = RpI
Rp2 = RpII - RpI
Rp3 = RpIII - RpII
c. Gii thch qu trnh m my:
- u tin m my ta a a in tr ph vo mch phn ng, dng in m
my c hn ch xung bng gi tr I1
I mm = I1m=

U m
= (1,8 2,5).I
R + R p1 +R p2 +R p3

- Ti a, do I > Ic nn ng c tng tc trn ng s (3), lc ny th n > 0,

E = K Em
. .n >0 , nn dng I =

U m E
gim dn cui cng lm vic
R + R p1 +R p2 +R p3

n nh ti b. trnh ng c lm vic vi tc thp ti b th ngi ta tin hnh ng

tip im 3G li loi in tr Rp3, im lm vic chuyn t b sang c ri tip tc tng
tc n im d th tip im 2G ng li loi in tr Rp2, ng c tng tc n ng
s (1) cho n im f th tip im 1G ng li loi in tr Rp1, im lm vic chuyn t
f sang g cui cng lm vic n nh ti A, kt thc qu trnh m my.
6. Hm my:
Hm my l trng thi ti tc v moment ng c ngc chiu nhau. Hm
my c dng trong cc trng hp sau:
- Hm my dng trong cc trng hp dng nhanh ng c.
- Gi cho mt ti th nng h ti vi tc khng i.
- Gi cho mt ti th nng ng yn trn cao.
Trng thi ng c khi tin hnh hm my:
+ n>0
. .n>0
+ E = K Em

Trang 16/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

+
I

Um
Ikt
CKT
E
I

U m E
>0
R
. .n>0
+ M= K Mm
R
.M > 0
+ n = n0 K E .K Mm
. 2
+ PC =U m .I >0

+ I =

a. Hm ti sinh
Hm ti sinh l trng thi hm xy ra khi tc quay ca ng c ln hn tc
l tng: n > n0
* Gim tc bng phng php gim in p
MH = M

M
n

MC

no

MC

(Um)

C (U1)

MC

- Ti im B th:
+ nB > 0

.
U1 E B K Em
=
.(n o1 -n B )<0
R
R
. .I <0
+ M= K Mm
R
.M > 0
+ n = n 01 9,55(K Em
. ) 2

+ I =

Kt lun: B l im bt u hm ti sinh
- Ti on Bn01 th:
+ n > n01 > 0
. .n>0
+ E = K Em

Trang 17/65

 n Truyn ng in
.
U1 E B K Em
=
R
R
. .I <0
+ M= K Mm

+ I =

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
.(n o1 -n B )<0

Kt lun: T n > n01 > 0 v M < 0 ta suy ra Bn01 l on c tnh hm ti sinh,

nm gc phn t th hai.
Do hm ti sinh nn khi n M nn phng trnh c tnh c l:

R
.M
9,55(K Em
. ) 2
R
.M
Hay n = n 01 +
9,55(K Em
. )2
n = n 01 -

Cng sut ng c trn on Bn01:

P=U1.I <0 , gi l ch hm ti sinh hay cn gi l hm my pht.
- Ti im n01 th :
+ n = n01 > 0
. .n>0
+ E = K Em
+ I =

.
U1 E B K Em
=
R
R

.(n o1 -n B )<0

+ M= 0
- Ti on n01c th:
+ n = n01 > 0
. .n>0
+ E = K Em
.
U1 E B K Em
=
R
R
. .I >0
+ M= K Mm

+ I =

.(n o1 -n B )>0

Kt lun: on n01c l on c tnh ng c gim tc

Phng trnh c tnh tc l:
n = n 01

R
.M
9,55(K Em
. ) 2

Khi gim in p im lm vic chuyn t A sang B bt u qu trnh hm ti sinh,

do hm ti sinh nn tc ng c gim nhanh v n01 M = 0 do ti th nng cn tr
chuyn ng nn tc tip tc gim v C ng thi M tng dn n im C th cn
bng M v Mc h thng lm vic n nh tc mi.
Kt lun: Khi gim in p gim tc ng c th hm ti sinh nm gc
phn t th 2.
* o cc tnh in p t ln phn ng o chiu quay nhm h ti th nng:
- Ti im B1 th:
+ nB1 > 0
. B1.n >0
+ E B1 = K Em
(-U m ) E B1
<0
R
. .I B1< 0
+ MB1= K Mm

+ I B1=

Trang 18/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

M
n

MC

MC

no
B1

B2
(1)

Mhb1
M

no

C1

Mhb2

B
(2)
C1

D1

MC

A
(3)

D2

MC

-no
-nE1

E1

-nE2

E2

MC

Kt lun: B1 l im bt u hm ngc.
- Ti on B1C1 th:
+n>0
. .n > 0
+ E = K Em
(-U m ) E
<0
R
. .I < 0
+ M = K Mm

+ I =

Kt lun: on B1C1 l on c tnh hm ngc.

Gii thch qu trnh hm ngc: H thng ang lm vic n nh ti im A,
nng ti th ngi ta tin hnh o cc tnh in p t ln phn ng h ti th nng.
Do qun tnh, tc vn quay theo chiu c, im lm vic chuyn t A sang B 1 lc ny
dng in phn ng v moment ng c o chiu, qu trnh hm ngc xy ra lm gim
nhanh tc v 0 (C1)
- Ti im C1 th:
+ nc1 = 0
. .n < 0
+ E 1 = K Em
+ I C =
1

(-U m ) E -U m + E
=
<0
R
R

+ MC1 < 0
Kt lun: im C1 bt u qu trnh m my ngc
- Ti on C1 (-n0) th:
+ nc1 < 0
+ EC = 0
1

U m
= I mmN < 0
R
. .I < 0
+ MC1 = K Mm

+ I C =1

Kt lun: on C1(-n0) l on t tnh ng c quay ngc

- Ti im (-n0) th:
Trang 19/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

+ n < 0 v n = -n 0
. .n < 0
+ E = K Em
+ I =

(-U m ) E -U m + E (K E . m )
=
=
(-n 0 + n ) = 0
R
R
R

. .I = 0
+ M = K Mm

- Ti on (-n0) E1 th:
+ n < 0 v n = -n 0
. .n < 0
+ E = K Em
(-U m ) E (-U m ) + E
=
R
R
K Em
.
.(-n 0 + n ) > 0
Hay: I =
R

+ I =

. .I > 0
+ M = K Mm

Khi n n I >0 M >0

Kt lun: on (-n0)E1 l on c tnh ti sinh.

Gii thch: Trn on C1D1 ng c o chiu, do tc dng ca Mc v M ng c

tng tc v lm vic trng thi quay ngc cho n (-n0) th moment ng c bng 0,
nhng do s h tr ca ti th nng nn ng c tip tc tng tc t -n 0 n E1. Trn on
n0E1 th moment ng c dng tr li, qu trnh hm ti sinh din ra, nhng do M <
Mc nn nh hng ca Mc ln hn nn ng c tip tc tng tc cng vi M tng dn tr
s cho n im E1 th M = Mc, ti c h xung vi tc khng i (-nE1).
b. Hm ngc:
Hm ngc xy ra trn rotor ca ng c do ng nng tch lu trong cc b phn
khi chuyn ng hoc do ti th nng lm cho n quay ngc chiu vi moment in t
lc .
* Hm ngc bng cch o cc tnh in p t ln phn ng
- Khi hm ngc bng cch o cc tnh in p t ln phn ng th:
n > 0 E > 0

IHN =

(U dm ) E u
<0
Ru

Kt lun: M < 0 , B1C1 l on c tnh hm ngc bng cch o cc tnh

in p ln phn ng.
Gii thch: Khi h thng ang lm vic nu tin hnh o cc tnh in p ln phn
ng th lc ny do qun tnh tc vn quay theo chiu c nhng moment ng c o
chiu nn qu trnh hm ngc lm gim nhanh tc v 0.

Trang 20/65

 n Truyn ng in

M:

Imm

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

U dm
Ru

[ I uHN ] = (U dm ) E u
Ru

=> [ I uHN ] > [ I umm ]

V dng hm ngc ln hn dng m my nn ngi ta phi tm cch hn ch
dng hm ngc khng c vt qu 2,5 ln dng nh mc. khc phc ngi ta
thm in tr ph vo phn ng.
( U dm ) E u
I uBHN
2,5I dm
R u + R PHN

Tuy nhin nu thm in tr ph hn ch dng in hm ngc th cui cng

ng c h ti vi tc (-nE2) cao hn yu cu. trnh trng hp ny th khi ng c
tng tc n D2 th ta tin hnh ngt in tr ph ra khi mch phn ng, chuyn im
lm vic sang D1 cui cng lm vic n nh ti E1.
Phng trnh c tnh c (1) v (2)
(1) n =

U dm
Ru

.M
K E . dm 9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

(2) n =

U dm
R u + R PHN

.M
K E . dm 9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

* Hm ngc bng cch thm in tr ph vo mch phn ng h ti:

* Ti im B: Khi thm in tr ph vo mch phn ng th:
+ IB =

(U dm ) E u
>0
Ru +RP

= K M . . I > 0
+ MB
m B

Kt lun: M < MC nn h thng gim tc.

Gii thch: h ti ngi ta thm in tr ph vo mch rotor im lm vic
chuyn sang B, tc vn quay theo chiu c nhng lc ny M < MC nn h thng bt
u qu trnh gim tc t B C
* Ti on BC th:
+ n > 0
+ E = KM. m . n > 0
+ I

U dm E u K E . dm
=
.(n o n) > 0
Ru + RP
Ru + RP

Trang 21/65

 n Truyn ng in
=
+ M

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
. dm .I u
> 0

Kt lun: BC l on c tnh ng c quay thun gim tc .

- Ti im C: Tc bng 0 nhng trn ng c cn M v MC ngc chiu nhau
nhng v MC c gi tr ln hn nn n ko rotor theo chiu ca n, nh th ti c h
xung.
- Ti im CE1 th:
+n<0
+ E = KE. m. n < 0
U

dm
u
+ I = R + R > 0
u
p

+ M > 0
Kt lun: CE1 l on c tnh hm ngc theo in tr ph.
Phng trnh c tnh c l:
Ru +Rp
U dm

.M
K E . dm 9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

n=
c. Hm ng nng:

* Hm ng nng kch t c lp

CKT

Iktm

n
A

m
B

RHN

n
M
B
(1)

M Hb

n0

n
A
MC

(2)
M

Mc
(3)

M
n
MC

Trang 22/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

- ng c ang lm vic thc hin hm ng nng kch t c lp ngi ta tin

hnh ngt phn ng ra khi li in, cun kch t vn cn c cung cp in. Lc ta
c:
+n>0
+ E = KE . m . n > 0
+ I

0 Eu
<0
R u + R HDN

+ M = . dm .I u < 0
- Phng trnh c tnh khi hm ng nng kch t c lp.
n=

(R u + R HDN )
.M
9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

Kt lun: Hm ng nng kch t c lp nm gp phn t th 2 trong h

trc to Mon.
- Dng in bt u hm ng nng:
I =

Eu
2,5I dm
R u + R HDN

- Gii thch: Qu trnh hm ng nng din ra lm gim tc ng c v 0. Ti

y nu ngt ngun hoc ti phn khng th ng c s dng, nu ti th nng th s thm
on OC.
+ on BO l on c tnh hm ng nng kch t c lp i vi ti phn khng.
+ on BOC l on c tnh hm ng ng nng kch t c lp i vi ti th
nng.
* Hm ng nng t kch t
+

CKT
Iktdm

dm
n

+
A

EU

Iu

IH

R HN

Trang 23/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

- c th thc hin hm ng nng ngay khi c mt in ta dng hm ng nng

t kch t: ng c ang lm vic ta ngt phn ng v cun kch t ra khi li in v
ng qua in tr hm. Lc ta c:
+n>0
+ E = K. d. n > 0
+ I =

Eu
< 0 (v U = 0)
R u + (R HDN //R CKT )

+ M = KM.d.I < 0
- Phng trnh c tnh c khi hm ng nng t kch:

R .R
R u + HDN CKT
R HDN + R CKT
n
=
.M
9,55.(K E .2

Do hm ng nng nn n
n

u u KT

V n cn ph thuc t l bc hai vi nn ng biu din l mt ng cong i

qua gc O. Nu ti phn khng th on hm ng nng t kch t l on BO, cn nu ti
th nng l on BOC.

Trang 24/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

CHNG II:
TNH TON V THIT K
1. Tnh in tr ph m my bit rng ng c ko ti nh mc v ng c m my
qua 3 cp in tr ph:
+
I

Um
Ikt
CKT
1G 2G 3G
E

R p1

Rp2 Rp3

R pI
RpII
RpIII

*- Dng in nh mc chy qua phn ng:

Im = Im - Iktm = 490482 4,4537 = 48577,556 (A)
* in tr phn ng:
Pin

ng c

Pc = Pm
Trang 25/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

P = P - Pc
Thng th tn hao cng sut ca ng c gn bng mt na tn hao ng trong
dy qun rotor nn:
Cu 2 =

R. I2m =
R =

1
(Um.Im - Pm)
2

1 U dm .I dm Pdm
(
)
2
I 2 udm
1 232 .482 101000
= 0,024 ()
2
477 ,6 2

R =
* Tnh KE.m

Em = KE. m.nm
KE .m =

E udm
n dm

KE .m =

U dm R u .I udm
n dm

KE .m =

232 0,024 .477 ,6

= 0,43
512

* Tc l tng khng ti:

no =

U dm
232
=
= 540(vg/ph)
K E . dm 0,43

V cc ng c tnh c: v c c tnh c ta phi chn gi tr dng in

ln nht vn nh
nht cho php trong qu trnh m my.
(Vg/ph)
Chn: I1 = 2,172.Im = 2,172.49082 = 10646,289 (A)
Do IC = Im = 48577,556 (A)
540

512
Nn:
IC < Im

j
g

I2 = 1,1Im = 1,1.49082
= 5390 (A)
d

536
510

f
400

I2
530

200

477,6

Iu

600

j
g
e I1

2800

a
1046,9

n(Vg/ph)

I u(A)

200

400

Iu I2600

800

a
I
1.000
1
Trang 26/65

Iu(A)

1.042,65

528

475,65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

T th ta o c:
jg = 1344,0mm
eg = 1289,0 mm
cg = 32107,0 mm
ag = 72317,0 mm
* st p trn cch ng c tnh:
R .I

u u
+ T nhin: n TN = n o n TN = K .
E
dm

R .R

u
P
+ Nhn to: n NT = n o n NT = K . .I u
E
dm

Vi cng mt gi tr ti th:
n

n TN
Ru
=
R P = R u NT 1
NT
Ru + Rp
n TN

je jg

eg

89 ,0

(1) RP I = R jg = R jg = 0,02724. 44 ,0 = 0.02548()

Trang 27/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
jc jg

cg

107 ,0

(2) RP II = R jg = R jg = 0,0274. 44 ,0 = 0.06658()

(3) RP III = R

ja jg
jg

= R

ag
jg =

0,027.

317 ,0
44 ,0

= 0.14972()

T ta tnh c:
RP1 = RP I = 0.02548()
RP2 = Rp II - RpI = 0.06658 0,02548 = 0,0411()
RP3 = Rp III - Rp II = 0.14972 0,06658 = 0,083114()
2. in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor nng ti ln vi tc ln lt l:
1
/2 tc nh mc, 1/4 tc nh mc:

Phng trnh c tnh c nhn to:

n=

R u + R pn
U dm

.M
K E . dm 9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

n = no

R u + R pn
9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

Rpn = (no n).

.M

9,55.(K E . dm ) 2
R u (*)
M

Vi MB = MC = Mm = 9,55

Pdm
101000
= 9,55
= 1883(N.m)
n dm
512

a. Khi n = nB = 1/2 .nm = 1/2 .512 = 256 (vg/ph)

V ng biu din c tnh c qua im B nn:
MB = Mm = 1883 (N.m)
To im B tho mn phng trnh (*)

Trang 28/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

Rpn1 = (no - nB).

Rpn1 = (540 - 256).

9,55.(K E . dm ) 2
Ru
MB

9,55 .( 0,43 ) 2
0,024 = 0,242 ()
1883

b. Khi n = nD = 1/4 .nm = 1/4 .512 = 128 (vg/ph)

V ng biu din c tnh c qua im D nn:
MD = Mm = 1883 (N.m)
To im D tho mn phng trnh (*)

9,55.(K E . dm ) 2
Ru
Rpn2 = (no nD).
MD

9,55 .( 0,43 ) 2
0,024 = 0,362 ()
Rpn2 = (540 128).
1883

n (Vg/ph)
540
512

TN

(1)
B

256

(2)

Rpn1

128

R pn2

Mc = Mm = 1883

M(N.m)

3. in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor h ti vi tc ln lt l: 1/2 tc

nh mc, 2 tc nh mc:
Ta c: Mm = 1883(N.m)

MC = 0,8.Mm = 0,8.1883 = 1506 (N.m)

Phng trnh c tnh c nhn to:

n=

R u + R ph
U dm

.M
K E . dm 9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

n = no

R u + R ph
9,55.(K E . dm ) 2

.M

9,55.(K E . dm ) 2
R u (**)
=> Rpn = (no n).
M

Trang 29/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

a. Khi n = nF = 1/2 .nm = 1/2 .512 = 256 (vg/ph)

Do h ti nn nF = -256(vg/ph)
V ng biu din c tnh c qua im F nn:
MF = MC = 1506 (N.m)

To im F tho mn phng trnh (*)

9,55.(K E . dm ) 2
Ru
Rph1 = (no nF).
MF

9,55 .( 0,43 ) 2
0,024 = 0,909 ()
Rph1 = [540 (-256)].
1506

b. Khi n = nG = 2.nm = 2.512 = 1024 (vg/ph)

Do h ti nn nG = - 1024(vg/ph)
V ng biu din c tnh c qua im G nn:
MG = MC = 1506 (N.m)

To im G tho mn phng trnh (**)

9,55.(K E . dm ) 2
Ru
Rph2 = (no nG).
MG

9,55 .( 0,43 ) 2
0,024 = 1,809 ()
Rph2 = [540 (-1024)].
1506

Trang 30/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

n (Vg/ph)
540
512

TN

256
128
Mc = 0,8.Mm = 1506
0

M(N.m)

-256

Rph1

-1024

Rph1

4. S nguyn l iu khin ng c khi m my, nng v h ti:

+

Um

I
Ikt

CKT

1G

2G

3G

4G

5G

Rp1

Rp2

Rp3

Rn1

Rn2

6G

7G

I
Rph1 Rph2

Trang 31/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

* Qu trnh m my: Da vo th cu 1 ta c th gii thch qu trnh m my

nh sau: u tin m my ta a ton b 3 in tr ph vo mch phn ng, dng in
m my c hn ch bng gi tr I1.
Imm = I1 =

U dm
= (1,8 2,5).I dm
R U R P1 R P2 R P3

Ti a do I > IC nn ng c tng tc trn ng s (3), lc ny n>0, =>E = KE

dm n

nn I =

U dm E u
s gim xung cui cng lm vic n nh ti
R U R P1 R P2 R P3

b. trnh lm vic n nh vi tc thp b nn ng c tng tc n im b th ngi

ta tin hnh ng tip im 3G loi in tr Rp3, im lm vic chuyn t b c ri tip
tc tng tc n im d th tip im 2G ng li, loi in tr Rp2 ng c tng tc n
ng s (1) cho n im f th tip im 1G ng li loi in tr Rp1 im lm vic
chuyn t f sang g cui cng lm vic n nh ti A kt thc qu trnh m my. Trong
qu trnh m my th cc tip im t 4G n 7G u ng li loi b cc in tr
nng h v h ti, khng lm nh hng n qu trnh m my.
* Qu trnh nng ti: nng ti vi tc bng 1/4 tc nh mc (hoc 1/2 tc
nh mc) th ta tin hnh m tip im 4G (hoc 5G) th in tr R pn1 (hoc Rpn2) s
c ng vo mch rotor nng c ti ln vi tc c chn theo mong mun.
Trong qu trnh nng ti th cc tip im 1G, 2G, 3G, 6G, 7G u ng li loi b s
nh hng ca cc in tr m my v in tr h ti n qu trnh nng ti.
* Qu trnh h ti: h ti vi tc bng 1/2 tc nh mc (hoc 2 ln tc
nh mc) th ta tin hnh m tip im 6G (hoc 7G) th in tr Rph1 (hoc Rph2) s c
ng vo mch rotor h ti ng vi th t cc cp tc c chn theo mong
mun. Trong qu trnh h ti th cc tip im t 1G n 5G u ng li loi b s
nh hng ca cc in tr m my v in tr nng ti n qu trnh h ti.

Trang 32/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

PHN B
TNH TON V THIT K C CU NNG H CU TRC DNG C KB
XOAY CHIU BA PHA ROTOR DY QUN
CHNG III:
C TNH CA NG C XOAY CHIU KHNG NG B BA PHA
1. Phng trnh c tnh tc :
S nguyn l ng c 3 pha rotor dy qun:

Mch in ng tr 1 pha:

* Cc thng s lin quan n ng c in khng ng b xoay chiu 3 pha.

Gi:
+ R0.X0.I0: L in tr, in khng v dng in trong mch t ho.
Trang 33/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

+ R1.X1.I1: L in tr, in khng v dng in trong mch stator.

+ R2, X2, I2: L in tr, in khng v dng in trong dy qun rotor quy
i v stator.
+ R = R2 + Rp: L tng in tr ca dy qun rotor v in tr ph thm vo
mch rotor quy i v stator.
+ U1m : in p dy nh mc
+ U1p : in p t ln mi pha dy qun stator
+ E2m : Sc in ng cm ng trn dy qun rotor khi in p dy t ln stator
l U1m, rotor h mch v khng quay.
k

.N

dq1
1
1dm
=
+ KpE = E
: L h s quy i sc in ng.
k
N
2dm
dq2
2

+ Kp1 = K
: L h s quy i dng in, t ta tnh c dng in rotor
qdE
quy i v stator:
I2 = KqI.I2
+ H s quy i in tr v in khng:
K qdE

KqR = KqX = K = K2qE

qdI
T ta tnh c in tr v in khng rotor quy i v stator:
R2 = KqR.R2
X2 = KqR.X2
+S=
+ no

n o n o
=
L h s trt
no
o

60f
p

Tc ng b ca t trng (v/p)

+ n: L tc ca rotor (v/p)
+

2.
n
=
60
9,55

+ o =

: Tc gc (rad/s)

2. o
: Tc gc ng b (rad/s)
60

* Phng trnh c tnh tc ca ng c in khng ng b xoay chiu 3 pha

c dng:
=

I2

U1P
2

R'

'
2
R 1 + + (X 1 + X 2 )
S

Trang 34/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

t Xn = X1 + X2
=

I2

U 1P
2

R'

2
R1 + + Xn
S

Vi 0 < S =

(4)

no n
1
n

Khi m my: n = 0 => S = 1 (max), nn dng in m my l:

=
I2mm

U 1P

( R 1 + R') 2 + X n 2

2. Phng trnh c tnh c:

* Gin cng sut:

PCu1 , Pst

Pms , PCu2

* Gin moment:

Mph

* Nu xem

phu 0, ms 0

th:

Mt = Mc = M
* T gin cng sut ta c:
Trang 35/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

Pt = Pc + PCu2
Mt o = Mc. +3R.I22
M ( o ) = 3R.I22
M.S. = 3R.I22
=> M =

3R'.I '2 2
S. o

Thay I2 t phng trnh (4) vo M

3U 21P .R'

R'
2
o .S R 1 + + X n
S

3U 21P .R'
2

no
R'
2
.S. R 1 + + X n
9,55
S

(5)

* Phng trnh (5) c gi l phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in khng

ng b 3 pha rotor dy qun.
* ng c tnh c ca ng c xoay chiu khng ng b 3 pha c dng ng
cong nn ta phi tm to im ti hn (cc tr). Mun tm to im ti hn (cc tr)
th cn c iu kin l:
dM
=0
dS

T iu kin trn ta tnh c:

Smax =

Mmax

R'
R 12 + X 2 n

(6)

3U 21P .R'

2.n o
2
. ( R1 + R 2 ) R1
9,55

(7)

Du + : Khi trng thi ng c

Du - : Khi trng thi my pht
* Cch v c tnh c:

Trang 36/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

+ Bc 1: Xc nh to 3 im c bit.
- im ng b t trng (0, no), vi

no =

60f
p

- im ti hn (Smax , Mmax )
- im m my (S = 1, Mmax ), thay S = 1 vo phng trnh (5) ta tnh c
Mmm
+ Bc 2: Chn thm cc gi tr ca S trong khong (0 1), t ta c bng sau:
S

S1

S2

SX

M1

M2

MX

Mmm

T cc to X(SX, MX) v 3 im c bit ni li ta v c ng c tnh c.

(5)

+ Ly (7) , v ly du (+) (7) ta c phng trnh:

M

2.M max (1 + aS max )

S
S
+ max + aS max (8)
S max
S

Vi: a =

R1
;
R'

a.Smax =

R1
R 21 + X 2 n

+ i vi ng c cng sut ln th:

R1 << Xn
a.Smax =

R1
0
Xn

2.M max
S
S
+ max
S max
S

(9)

T ta tnh c to im ti hn:
R'

Smax = X (10)
n
Trang 37/65

 n Truyn ng in

Mmax

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
2
3.U 1p
2.n o
.X n
9,55

(11)

* Cch v c tnh c khi ch c cc thng s nh mc ghi trn nhn my v h s

moment qu ti M (vi M c tra t bng v n ph thuc vo cng sut ca ng c)
+ Bc 1: Xc nh to 3 im c bit
- im ng b t trng (0, no), vi

no =

60f
p

- in ti hn (Smax, Mmax)
Ta c: Mm = 9,55.

Pdm
n dm

=> Mmax = M . Mm
T phng trnh (9) => Mm =

Vi: Sm =

2.M max
S dm
S
+ max
S max
S dm

n o n dm
no

S dm
S
+ max = 2 M
S max
S dm

S2max 2. M .Sm.Smax + S2m = 0

' = ( M .Sdm ) 2 S 2 dm
=> ' = S 2 dm ( 2 M 1) = Sm.

2M 1 > 0

=> Phng trnh c 2 nghim:

Smax1 = M .Sm + Sm.

2 M 1 = Sm. M + 2 M 1

Smax2 = M .Sm - Sm.

2 M 1 = Sm. M 2 M 1

Sm = Sm = M 2 M 1

- Moment m my: n = 0 , S = 1
Thay S = 1 vo phng trnh (9)
Mmm

2.M max
1
+ S max

S max

+ Bc 2: Chn thm cc gi tr ca S trong khong (0 1), t ta c bng sau:

Trang 38/65

 n Truyn ng in

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S1

S2

SX

M1

M2

MX

Mmm

T cc to X(SX, MX) v 3 im c bit ni li ta v c ng c tnh c.

Nhn xt:
KM =

M mm
: H s moment m my
M dm

KM > 1 ng c m my qu ti c

KM = 1
- KI =
-=

I mm
= (4
I dm

7): H s dng in m my

dM
dM.dS
=
dn
ds.dS

+ Trng hp 0 < S < 0,4Smax

S

Trn on ab th: S < 0,4 0

max
2.M max
2.M max .S
=
(9) => M = S max
S max
S

=>

2.M max
dM
=
dS
S max

m S =

no n
dS
1

=
no
dn
no

=> ab =

2.M max
dM dM.dS
=
=
= cosnt < 0
dS
ds.dS
S max .n o

+ Trng hp: S >> Smax

Trn on cd th: S >> Smax =>
(9) => M
=>

S max
S
<< 0 max 0
S
S

2.M max
2.M max .S max
=
S
S
S max

2.M max .S max

dM
=
dS
S2
Trang 39/65

 n Truyn ng in

v S =

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

no n
dS
1

=
no
dn
no

=> cd =

2.M max .S max

= cosnt > 0 , l bin s
S 2 .n o

3. nh hng cc thng s n dng c tnh c:

3.1. nh hng ca in p:
Khi in p U gim th:
+ no =

60f
= const
p

+ Smax =

+ Mmax

+ Mmm

R'
R 12 + X 2 n

= const

3.U 21P .R '

2.n o
2
. ( R1 + R 2 ) R1
9,55

gim xung

3U 21P .R'

no
R'
.S mm . R 1 +
9,55
S mm

2
gim xung

+ X 2n

H cc ng c tnh c

U1 < U 2 < U 3
3.2. nh hng ca RP (XP) trn dy qun stator:

Trang 40/65

 n Truyn ng in

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Khi c RP (XP) trn dy qun stator th theo cc biu thc (6) , (7) , (5) ta c: Smax ,
Mmax , Mmm u gim xung.
H cc ng c tnh c:

3.3. nh hng ca RP trn dy qun rotor:

Khi thm Rp vo mch rotor th:

+ Smax tng ln do R tng (suy ra t phng trnh 6)
+ Mmax = const (suy ra t phng trnh 11)
+ Mmm lun lun bin i (suy ra t phng trnh 5)
H cc ng c tnh c l:

Trang 41/65

 n Truyn ng in

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Rp2 > Rp1

3.4. nh hng ca s i cc t p:
Ta c:

no =

M: S =

60f
p

no n
60f
n = n o .(1 S) =
.(1 S)
no
p

T biu thc trn ta thy: khi s i cc t p gim th tc n s tng ln v ngc

li.
H cc ng c tnh c l:
* i tc moment khng i

* i tc cng sut khng i

Trang 42/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

* i tc moment cng sut thay i

3.5. nh hng ca tn s f:
Ta c:

n=

60f
.(1 S)
p

T (11) ta c: Mmax

, ta thy khi tn s tng th tc tng theo

2
2
3.U 1P
3.U 1P
=
=
2.n o
2.n o
.X n
.22f n
9,55
9,55

Mmax

2
3.U 1P

2.60
.22 n .f
9,55.p

Ta thy khi tn s tng th tc tng theo nhng Mmax gim xung, tc l kh

nng qu ti ca ng c gim xung. m bo kh nng qu ti ca ng c khi tng
tn s f th ta phi tng U1p ln m bo t s:
U 1p
f1

'
U 1p

f2

f < f
Trang 43/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

4. Tnh Rp m my bng phng php th:

Cc bc tnh RP m my bng phng php th

* Bc 1: V c tnh c t nhin
* Bc 2: Chn gi tr ln nht v nh nht cho php trong qu trnh m my.
M1 < 0,85Mmax
M2 > (1,1 1,3)MC nu MC > Mm
Hoc M2 > (1,1 1,3)Mm nu Mm > MC
T M1, M2 dng 2 ng thng song song vi trc tung chng s ct ng c
tnh t nhin ti 2 im g, h. T no k ng thng song song vi trc honh, chng ct
ng thng gh ko di ti t, t l chm xut pht cc tia m my.
Trang 44/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

Nu ng thng cui cng xut pht t t khng i qua a th ta phi chn li M1

hoc M2 hoc c hai.
* Bc 3: Tnh ton gi tr cc in tr m my
- ng vi gi tr moment ln nht => SmaxNT =
- ng vi M1 => STN => SmaxTN =

R' 2 +R' P
Xn

R' 2
Xn

- ng vi M1 trn ng c tnh c nhn to ta c:

S maxTN S TN
R'
=
= ' 2 '
S maxNT S NT R 2 + R P
S TN

S
1 = R 2 .( TN 1)
s NT
S NT

RP = R2.

ng s (1) Rp1 = R2.

ej gj
eg
gj = R 2 .
gj

cj gj

cg

ng s (2) Rp2 = R2. gj = R 2 . gj

ng s (3) Rp3 = R2.

aj gj
ag
gj = R 2 .
gj

Rp1 = RpI
Rp2 = RpII RpI
Rp3 = RpIII RpII
5. Hm my:
5.1. Hm ti sinh:
* Trng hp 1: Gim tc bng cch tng s i cc t m bo cho moment
khng i th hm ti sinh nm gc phn t th hai ca h trc to n0M.

Trang 45/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

- on Bno2 l on c tnh hm ti sinh

- on no2C l on c tnh ng c quay thun gim tc
* Trng hp 2: H ti th nng bng phng php o th t 2 trong 3 pha ngun
a vo ng c, hm ti sinh xy ra gc phn t.

- on BC: on c tnh hm ngc

- on C(-no): on c tnh ng c quay ngc
- on (no)D: on c tnh hm ti sinh
5.2. Hm ngc:
* Trng hp 1: Hm ngc bng cch o th t 2 trong 3 pha ngun a vo
ng c h ti th nng. Hm ngc xy ra gc phn t th 2 (on BC hnh trn)
* Trng hp 2: Hm ngc bng cch thm in tr ph vo mch rotor, hm
ngc xy ra gc phn t th 4 (ng s 1 hnh trn), t hnh trn ta xc nh c :
+ on EF: l on c tnh ng c quay thun gim tc
+ on FD: l on c tnh hm ngc khi thm in tr ph Rp
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5.3. Hm ng nng:
* Hm ng nng kch t c lp:

* Hm ng nng kch t dng t:

- Hm ng nng kch t dng cu chnh lu:

Trang 47/65

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

Diode

Mmax 1.3 Mmax 2.4

1-2 : Khc nhau v dng IDC khi thc hin hm ng nng
1-3 : Cng dng in mt chiu IDC, khc nhau in tr ph trn mch rotor (ng
s 3 c thm in tr ph)
1-4 : Khc nhau v IDC v RP trn mch rotor.

CHNG IV:
TNH TON C CU NNG H DNG NG C AC KB 3 PHA
1. Tnh ton in tr m my qua 3 cp in tr ph bit rng ng c ko ti nh
mc:

Trang 48/65

 n Truyn ng in

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tnh in tr m my cho ng c in khng ng b xoay chiu 3 pha rotor

dy qun ra c nhiu cch tnh. n gin khi tnh in tr ph m my ta dng phng
php th.
* Phng trnh c tnh c t nhin ca ng c khi lm vic ti nh mc:
=

2
3.R'.U 1P
2

n o .S
R'
. R 1 + + X 2N
9,55
S

* V phng trnh c tnh c t nhin ca ng c in khng ng b xoay chiu

3 pha c ng biu din l ng cong c im cc tr, nn khi v c tnh c ca n ta
cn xc nh 3 im c bit:
+ To im tc khng ti l tng khi M = 0 , no =
+ To im cc tr (Mmax, Smax)
+ To im m my (Mmm, S = 1)
* Xc nh to im no =

60f
60.50
=
= 750(v/p)
p
4

* Xc nh to im (Mmax, Smax)
- H s quy i sc in ng:
KE =

N 1 .K dq1
U 1dm
28.0,966
=
=
= 0,736
E 2dm
N 2 .K dq2
38.0,966

- H s quy i in tr v in tr khng:
KqR = KqX = K2E
- in tr rotor quy i v stator:
R2 = R2.KqR = 0,0284.0,7362 = 0,015 ()
- in tr ngn mch:
RN = R1 + R2 = 0,13 + 0,015 = 0,145 ()
- in khng rotor quy i v stator :
Trang 49/65

60f
(v/p)
p

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

X2 = X2.KqX = 0,0913 . 0,7362 = 0,049 ()

- in khng ngn mch:
XN = X1 + X2 = 0,486 + 0,049 = 0,535 ()
- Tng tr ngn mch:
ZN =

R 2N + X 2N = 0,145

+ 0,535

= 0,55( ,

- Dng in stator nh mc (I1dm):

Ta c: Pc = Pm = .P
M: P =

I1dm =

.U1m.I1dmCos
Pdm
. 3.U 1dm. Cos

46.000
0,896.

3.500.0,866

Do stator u Y nn : I1dm = I1pm = I1m = 68,45 (A)

- Dng in qua rotor (I2m)
Ta c sc t ng: F = N.I
Do sc t ng pha stator ln hn pha rotor 10% nn:
F1 F2 = 0,1F1
0,9F1 = F2
0,9 I1pm N1 = I2Pm.N2
I2m =

0,9I 1pdm .N 1
N2

0,9.68,45. 28
= 45,4(A)
38

Do rotor u Y nn : I2dm = I2Pm = I2m = 45,4 (A)

- Dng in rotor quy i v stator:
I

45,4

2dm
I2m = KI.I2m = K = 0,736 = 61,6(A)
qdE

- H s trt ch nh mc:
T phng trnh c tnh tc (4) ta c:
I2

U1P
2

R'

2
R1 + + X N
S

R'
=> R1 + =
S

2
U1P

' X 2N
I2

Trang 50/65

= 68,45(A)

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
2

2
U1P

' X 2N - R1
I2

R'
=> =
S
=

=> S

R'
U1P
'
I2

X 2N R 1

- ch nh mc th Rp = 0
R = R2 v U1p = U1pm =

Sm

U dm
3

R '2
U 1P

3.I '
2dm

X 2N R 1

0.015
2

500
2

3.61,6
0,535 0,13

= 0,0033

- Tc nh mc ca ng c:
Sm

n o n dm
no

nm = no(1-Sm) = 750(1-0,033) = 747,5 (v/p)

- H s trt nh mc:
Do ng c c cng sut ln nn t biu thc (9) ta c:
=

2.M max
S
S
+ max
S max
S
=

=> Mm

2.M max
S dm
S
+ max
S max
S dm

S dm
S
2.M max
+ max =
= 2. M (*)
S
S
M
max
dm
dm
=>

T (10) => Smax

R'
R'
0,015
= 2 =
= 0,028
X N X N 0,535

=> n = no(1-Smax) = 750(1-0,028) = 729 (v/p)

Thay Smax = 0,028 v Sm = 0,033 vo phng trnh (*) ta c:
Trang 51/65

 n Truyn ng in

=>
M : Mm

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang
M =

1 0,0033
0,028
.
+
= 4,3
2 0,028
0,0033

Pdm
46.000
= 9,55
= 587,7(N.m)
n
747,5
dm
= 9,55

- Moment ti hn ca ng c:
Mmax = M Mm = 4,3.587,7 = 2527 (N.m)

to im ti hn l : (2527 ; 0,028)

* Moment m my ca ng c : khi m my Smm = 1

=

=> Mmm

2.M max
=
1
+ S max

S max

2.2527
= 141,4(N.m)
1
+ 0,028
0,028

+ Mt s im cn thit khi v ng c tnh c:

- Khi S = 0,005 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 - 0,005) = 746 (V/p)
=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 874,6(N.m)
S max
0,05 0,028
S
+
+
0,028 0,05
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,01 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 - 0,01) = 743 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 1600(N.m)
S max
0,01 0,028
S
+
+
0,028
0,01
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,02 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 - 0,02) = 735 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 2390,4(N.m )
S max
0,02 0,028
S
+
+
0,028 0,02
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,035 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 - 0,035) = 724 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 2465,3(N.m )
S max
0,035 0,028
S
+
+
0,028 0,035
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,05 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 - 0,05) = 713 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 2154,5(N.m )
S max
0,05 0,028
S
+
+
0,028
0,5
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,07 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 - 0,07) = 698 (V/p)

Trang 52/65

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2.M max
2.2527
=
= 1742,7(N.m )
S max
0,07 0,028
S
+
+
0,028 0,07
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,1 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 - 0,1) = 675 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 1312,2(N.m )
S max
0,1
0,028
S
+
+
0,028
0,1
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,3 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1-0,3) =525 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 467,6(N.m)
S max
0,3
0,028
S
+
+
0,028
0,3
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,5 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1-0,5) =375 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2527
=
= 282 ,1(N.m)
S max
0,5
0,028
S
+
+
0,028
0,5
S max
S

- Khi S = 0,7 => n = no(1 - S) = 750(1 0,7) = 225 (V/p)

=

2.M max
2.2297,3
=
= 201,8(N.m)
S max
0,7
0,028
S
+
+
0,028
0,7
S max
S

Trang 53/65

 n Truyn ng in

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- T 3 im c bit v cc im cn thit v ng c tnh c ta c bng sau:

S

n(v/p)

M(N.m)

750

0,0033

747,5

587,7

0,005

746

874,6

0,01

743

1600

0,02

735

2390,4

0,028

729

2527

0,035

724

2465,3

0,05

713

2154,5

0,07

698

1742,7

0,1

675

1312,2

0,3

525

467,6

0,5

375

282,1

0,7

225

201

141,4

* Do khi m my S =1 => I2 rt ln
=

U1p

R
3. R 1 +
1

'
2

I2

+ X 2N

500
3. ( 0,13 + 0,015 ) + 0,535 2
2

= 521,9(A)

* hn ch dng m my ngi ta ng thm in tr ph vo mch rotor trong

qu trnh khi ng ri sau ngt dn in tr ph ny ra theo tng cp.
- Chn gi tr trn v di cho php trong qu trnh m my
M1 = 0,835Mmax = 2110 (N.m)
M2 = 1,105Mm = 649,4(N.m)
MC = Mm = 587,7 (N.m)

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- T M1, M2 dng 2 ng thng song song vi trc tung chng s ct ng c

tnh t nhin ti 2 im g,h. T no k ng thng song song vi trc honh, chng ct
ng thng gh ko di ti t, t l chm xut pht cc tia m my.
n (vg/ph)
A

750 t

h
(1)

f
d

g
e

(2)
c

(3)

649,4
141,1

587,7

2527

2527 M (N.m)

- Tnh ton gi tr cc in tr m my
+ ng vi cc gi tr moment ln nht => SmaxNT =
R '2
+ ng vi M1 => STN => SmaxTN =
Xn

+ ng vi M1 trn ng c tnh c nhn to ta c:

S maxTN S TN
R'
=
= ' 2 '
S maxNT S NT R 2 + R P
S TN

S
1 = R 2 .( TN 1)
S NT
S NT

Rp = R2 .
T th ta o c:
jg = 1,7 mm
eg = 5,3 mm
cg = 22,2 mm
ag = 85 mm

T ta tnh c cc gi tr in tr ph :

Trang 55/65

R '2 + R 'P
Xn

 n Truyn ng in

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

je jg

eg

5,3

RPI = R2 jg = R 2 jg = 0,0284. 1,7 = 0,088( ,

jc jg
cg
22,2
= R 2 = 0,0284.

= 0,37( ,
1,7
jg
jg

RPII = R2

ja jg
ag
85
= R2 = 0,0284 . = 1,369 ()

1,7
jg
jg

RPIII = R2

Rp1 = RpI = 0,088 ()

Rp2 = RpII - RpI = 0,37 - 0,088 = 0,282 ()
Rp3 = RpIII - RpII = 1,369 - 0,37 = 1,000 ()
2. Tnh ton in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor nng ti vi cc tc
ln lt l 1/2nm; 1/4nm:
Khi 1 c cu cu trc nng h th khng phi lc no cng lm vic vi mt tc
nht nh m chng ta thng xuyn thay i tc ca n p ng nhu cu ca qu
trnh sn xut. Do mun thay i tc p ng quy trnh sn xut th phi mt
thm in tr ph vo mch rotor

a. Nng ti vi tc : n = 1/2 nm
=> n =

1
.747,5 = 373,75 (v/p)
2

* V ng c c cng sut ln: P = 46(KW) nn:

=

Mm

2.M max
S dm
S
+ max
S max
S dm

Trang 56/65

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* H s trt khi nng ti: S

no n
no

V ng biu din qua im B nn:

SB

n o n B 750 373,75
=
= 0,5
no
750

* Phng trnh c tnh c khi nng ti vi tc n = 373,75 (v/p)

Do ng c lm vic ch nh mc v ng biu din qua im B nn
MB = Mm = 587,7 (N.m)
=

Hay MB = Mm

2.M max
S
SB
+ maxB
S maxB
SB

S
2.M max
SB
+ maxB =
SB
MB
=> S maxB

S 2B + S 2 maxB 2.M max

=
S maxB .S B
MB
M max
.S maxB + S 2B = 0
MB

S2maxB 2.SB.

S2maxB 2.SB. M .S maxB + S 2B = 0

t X = SmaxB
iu kin: X > SB = 0,5
=> X2 2.0,5.4,3.X + 0,52 = 0
=> X2 4,3.X + 0,25 = 0
= (-4,3)2 - 4.0.25 = 17,49

= 4,18

=> X1 = SmaxB1 =

b +
( 4,3) + 4,18
=
= 4,24
2.a
2

=> X2 = SmaxB2 =

b
(4,3) 4,18
=
= 0,06
2.a
2

(loi)

T biu thc (10) ta c:

SmaxB1 =

R '2 + R 'pn1
XN

RPn1 = SmaxB1.XN + R2 = 4,24.0,535-0,015 = 2,25 ()

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2
E

M RPn1 = K .RPn1 => RPn1

R 'Pn1
2,25
=
= 4,15(,
2
KE
0,7362

b. Khi nng ti vi tc : n = 1/4 nm

1
.747,5 = 186,8 (v/p)
4

=> n =

* V ng c c cng sut ln: P = 46(KW) nn:

=

Mm

2.M max
S dm
S
+ max
S max
S dm

* H s trt khi nng ti: S

no n
no

* V ng biu din qua im C nn:

S

n o n C 750 186,8
=
= 0,75
no
750

* Phng trnh c tnh c khi nng ti vi tc n = 186,8 (v/p)

* Do ng c lm vic ch nh mc v ng biu din qua im C nn
MC = Mm = 587,7 (N.m)
=

Hay MC = Mm

2.M max
SC
S
+ maxC
S maxC
SC

SC
S
2.M max
+ maxC =
SC
MC
=> S maxC

S C2 + S 2 maxC 2.M max

=
S maxC .SC
MC
M max
.S maxC + S C2 = 0
MC

S2maxC 2.SC.

S2maxC 2.SC. M .S maxC + S C2 = 0

t X = SmaxC
iu kin: X > SC = 0,75
=> X2 2.0,75.4,3.X + 0,752 = 0
=> X2 6,45.X + 0,5625 = 0
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= (-6,45)2 - 4.0.5625 = 39,35

= 6,27

=> X1 = SmaxC1 =

b +
(6,45) + 6,27
=
= 6,36
2.a
2

=> X2 = SmaxC2 =

b
(6,45) 6,7
=
= 0,09
2.a
2

(loi)

T biu thc (10) ta c:

SmaxC1 =

R '2 + R 'pn2
XN

RPn2 = SmaxC1.XN R2 = 6,36.0,535 0,015 = 3,387 ()

2

RPn2 = K E.RPn2 => RPn2

R 'Pn2
3,387
=
= 6,25(,
2
KE
0,7362

Tm li: Khi nng ti vi tc n = 1/2 nm th Rpn1 = 4,15(), cn khi nng ti vi

tc n = 1/4 nm th Rpn2 = 6,25 ()
n (vg/ph)
A

750

B
373,75

186,8

2527

587,7

Rpn1

Rpn2

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M(N.m)

 n Truyn ng in

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3. Tnh ton in tr ph cn thit ng vo mch rotor thay i tc khi h ti

vi cc tc ln lt l: n = 1/2nm, n = 2nm:
n (vg/ph)

no
ndm

Mc

n dm

Rph2

2 ndm

Rph1

Mmax

M (N.m)

Khi ng c h ti ta phi ng thm in tr ph vo mch rotor c tc theo

mong mun, khi ng c s quay theo mt chiu ngc li h ti
Khi ng c h ti th moment cn bng 0,8ln moment nh mc nn:
MC = 0,8Mm = MD = 0,8.587,7 = 470 (N.m)
a. H ti vi tc : n = 1/2 nm
=> n =

1
.747,5 = 373,75 (v/p)
2

* H s trt khi h ti vi tc n = -373,75 (v/p)

S

no n
no

* V ng biu din qua im E nn:

SE

n o n E 750 + 373,75
=
1,5
no
750

* Phng trnh c tnh c khi h ti vi tc n = - 373,75 (v/p): V ng c

tnh c i qua im E nn:
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ME = MC = 0,8Mm = 470,1 (N.m)

=

Hay ME

2.M max
S
SE
+ maxE
S maxE
SE

S
2.M max
SE
+ maxE =
SE
ME
=> S maxE

S 2E + S 2 maxE 2.M max

=
S
.S
ME
maxE E
=>
=> S2maxE 2.SE.

M max
.S maxE + S 2E = 0
ME

t X = SmaxE
iu kin : X > SE = 1, 5
2527

=> X2 2.1,5 470

,1

X + 1,52 = 0

X2 16,1.X + 2,25 = 0
= (-16,1)2 - 4.1.2,25 = 250,2

= 15,8

=> X1 = SmaxE1 =

b + 16,1 +15,8
=
= 15,9
2.a
2

=> X2 = SmaxE2 =

b 16 ,1 15 ,8
=
= 0,06
2.a
2

(loi)

T biu thc (10) ta c:

R '2 + R 'Ph2
SmaxE1 =
XN

RPh1 = SmaxE1.XN - R2 = 15,9.0,535 0,015 = 8,49 ()

2

M RPh1 = K E.RPh1 => RPh1

R 'Ph1
8,49
=
= 15,67()
2
KE
0,736 2

b. H ti vi tc : n = 2.nm
=> n =2.747,5 = 1495 (v/p)
* H s trt khi h ti vi tc n = -1495 (v/p)
S

no n
no

*V ng biu din qua im F nn:

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SF

GVHD: Lu Vn Quang

n o n F 750 + 1495
=
= 2,99
no
750

* Phng trnh c tnh c khi h ti vi tc n = - 1495 (v/p): V ng c tnh

c i qua im F nn:
MF = MC = 0,8Mm = 470 (N.m)
=

Hay MF

2.M max
S
SF
+ maxF
S maxF
SF

SF
S
2.M max
+ maxF =
SF
MF
=> S maxF

S 2F + S 2 maxF 2.M max

=
S
.S
MF
maxF
F
=>
=> S2maxF 2.SF.

M max
.S maxF + S 2F = 0
MF

t X = SmaxF
iu kin : X > SF = 2,99
=> X2 2.2,99

2527
X + 2,992 = 0
470

X2 32,15.X + 8,9 = 0
= (-32,15)2 - 4.1.8,9 = 998

= 31,5

=> X1 = SmaxF1 =

b + 32,15 + 31,5
=
= 31,8
2.a
2

=> X2 = SmaxF2 =

b 32,15 31,5
=
= 0,325
2.a
2

(loi)

T biu thc (10) ta c :

SmaxF1 =

R '2 + R 'Ph2
XN

RPh2 = SmaxE1.XN R2 = 31,8.0,535 0,015 = 17 ()

2

M RPh2 = K E.RPh2 => RPh2

R 'Ph2
17
= 2 =
= 31,3(1
KE
0,7362

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Trang 63/65

 n Truyn ng in

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4. S nguyn l ng c khi m my, nng v h ti:

L1

L2

L3

DC
3 pha

Rp1

G1

Rp1

G2

Rp1

G3

Rpn1

G4

Rpn2

G5

Rph1

G6

Rpn2

G7

* Qu trnh m my: Da vo th cu 1 ta c th gii thch qu trnh m my

nh sau: khi m my ta tin hnh m cc tip im 1G, 2G, 3G, cc tip im cn li u
ng li. ng c lm vic xut pht t im a v tng tc dn trn ng c tnh c
nhn to s 3, moment ng c gim dn ; n tip im b th ta tin hnh ng tip im
3G li loi in tr RP3 ra khi mch rotor im lm vic chuyn sang c. C tip tc
nh vy ta s ln lt loi c in tr RP2, RP1 ra khi mch rotor im lm vic
chuyn sang im g trn ng c tnh c t nhin. ng c tip tc tng tc n im
A th: M=MC nn h thng lm vic vi tc n nh.
* Qu trnh nng ti: nng ti vi tc bng 1/2 tc nh mc (hoc 1/4 tc
nh mc) th ta tin hnh m tip im 4G (hoc 5G) th in tr R pn1 (hoc Rpn2) s
c ng vo mch rotor nng c ti ln vi tc c chn. Trong qu trnh
nng ti th cc tip im 1G, 2G, 3G, 6G, 7G u ng loi b s nh hng ca cc
in tr m my v in tr h ti n qu trnh nng ti.
* Qu trnh h ti: h ti vi tc 1/2 tc nh mc (hoc 2 ln tc nh
mc) th ta tin hnh m tip im 6G (hoc 7G) th in tr Rph1 (hoc Rph2) s c ng
vo mch rotor h ti ng vi th t cc cp tc c chn theo mong mun.
Trong qu trnh h ti th cc tip im t 1G n 5G u ng li loi b s nh
hng ca cc in tr m my v in tr nng ti n qu trnh h ti.
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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Truyn ng in ca Bi Quc Khnh, Nguyn Vn Liu Nguyn Th Hin
ca NXB khoa hc v k thut H Ni
2. C s truyn ng in t ng ca Bi nh Tin Phm Duy Nhi ca NXB
H Ni nm 1983
3. in t cng sut ca Nguyn Bnh ca NXB H Ni nm 1993
4. Railway Traction Powered by Synchrons motors Supplied Throught Natunal
Comutation Inventers ca Albert Wiart and Tean Hamel.

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