Chp nh vi Flash-Hng dn cho ngi mi bt u

Chp nh vi flash c phc tp gp 3 ln so vi chp nh vi nh sng ca mi trng (ambient light). Tuy nhin, khi chng ta hiu nhng g xy ra trong vi mili giy sau khi nhn nt chp hnh, chng ta s khng cn thy n qu kh na v c th chp c nhng bc hnh theo mnh.

C bn
Trc khi phu lu vo th gii ca chp nh vi flash, bn cn phi c kin thc c bn v phi sng (exposure). Bi hng dn ny mc nh rng bn hiu c s nh hng ca tc chp (shutter speed) ti phi sng v bt dnh cc chuyn ng (motion blur), s nh hng ca khu ti phi sng v su trng nh (depth of field), s nh hng ca nhy sng (ISO setting) ti phi sng v nhiu (digital noise). Nu bn cha nm vng v nhng kin thc ny, bn c th tham kho ti y v y

Bi 1: Nhng vn cn bit khi chp nh vi flash

Bn vn u tin l nhng vn chung, bt kh bn s dng flash gn sn trn my, flash ngoi gn vo hotshoe hoc nh sng studio (studio strobes). #1: Mi tm nh chp vi flash u c 2 loi phi sng - mt l s phi sng vi nh sng ca mi trng v mt l s phi sng vi nh sng ca flash. y l vn rt quan trng cn phi nh. Hy tng tng ra trnh t: mn trp m ra, flash nhy sng, mn trp ng li. Trong khong thi gian ny, c nh sng ca mi trng ln nh sng ca flash u ng gp vo qu trnh ghi nhn hnh nh. Chp nh vi flash yu cu bn phi kim sot c c hai loi phi sng ny #2: S phi sng i vi nh sng ca flash khng b nh hng bi tc chp (shutter speed). Ton b qu trnh pht sng ca flash bt u v kt thc trong khi mn trp ang m, v vy vic mn trp m lu hn khng gip cho vic ri sng ca flash. S phi sng i vi nh sng ca flash v tm hiu qu ca flash ch b nh hng bi khu v nhy sng ch khng phi bi tc chp. Tuy nhin, nh sng ca mi trng trong khi chp vi flash s b nh hng bi tc chp. V vy, thay i tc chp l mt cch kim sot lng nh sng t mi trng c thu li trong qu trnh chp vi flash. #3: S ri sng ca flash b nh hng r rt bi khong cch chp. iu ny cng tun theo quy lut cn bc 2. Gi s chng ta s dng mt lens cho tm nhn (field of view) l 4x6ft v khong cch chp l 10ft. Cng lens trn s cho khong nhn l 4x12ft nu khong cch chp l 20ft. Khi chng ta nhn i khong cch chp, din tch nh sng s phi bao ph rng gp 4 ln (96ft2 so vi 24ft2). m bo cho sng l nh nhau th lng sng cn phi cung cp s ln gp 4 ln. Hin tng ny, thnh thong c gi l flash falloff, s nh hng ti mt hnh nh no khi chp nhiu i tng ti cc khong cch khc nhau. Khi khong cch ti i tng chp tng ln 1.4 ln (cn bc 2 ca 2), nh sng ca flash ri ln i tng s b gim i mt na. Gi s chng ta chp mt nhm ngi xp hang. Ngi ng u cch chng ta 10ft v ngi ng hng cui cch chng ta 14ft. Vi ngun sng flash l ngun sng chnh th ngi ng u s sng hn ngi ng cui mt stop (ch ny em chu ko bit din t th no cho thot , xin li cc bc ).

Trong tm hnh di y, mi chic c sng hn chic ng sau mt stop v ti hn chic ng trc 1 stop. Chic cc u tin s sng hn chic cc cui cng 16 ln. Nhng con s v khong cch trn tng t nh f/stop i vi khu .

#4: nh sng mi trng v nh sng t flash c my nh o mt cch ring bit. Trong ch Av, Tv hoc P, phi sng theo nh sng mi trng c th c thc hin bng cch iu chnh tc , khu hoc c hai yu t. Trn thc t, flash c bt cng khng c nh hng g i vi phi sng theo nh sng mi trng (ngoi tr khi s dng ch P, my nh ko s dng tc chp chm hn 1/60 khi s dng flash). H thng o sng ca my nh khng th c on c bao nhiu nh sng thu c t n flash, v th n khng th dng nh sng ny thit lp tc , khu . Vn s 5 lin quan ti cc hnh thc s dng o sng flash (flash metering) t ng, bao gm auto thyristor flash, TTL, E-TTL hoc E-TTL II. #5: i vi o sng flash t ng, nh sng chiu t flash c o sau khi nt chp nh (shutter button) c bm v lng nh sng pht ra t flash c iu chnh tng ng. C mt vi khc bit k thut gia cc hnh thc o sng flash nhng tt c cc hnh thc ny u hot ng c lp vi vic o sng i vi nh sng mi trng bng cch iu chnh lng nh sng pht ra t flash ch khng phi thay i cc thng s phi sng ca my nh. #6: Mi my nh SLR vi mn trp c hc (mechanical shutter) thng c mt tc chp ti a ng b ha vi flash (maximum flash sync shutter speed) (1/200 hoc 1/250 i vi cc my Canon DSLR hin nay). Ti tc chp chm, mn u tin (first curtain) c m, flash pht sng, v sau mt khong thi gian nht nh, mn th hai (second curtain) c ng li sau mn th nht. Ti tc chp nhanh hn flash sync, mn th 2 bt u c ng li trc khi mn th nht c m ton b. Mn th hai ng li sau mn th nht v hai mn ny chy song song vi nhau theo dc khung hnh, ch phi sng ch phn hnh nh nm gia hai mn vo thi im . Flash pht sng trong sut qu trnh ny s ri sng ch mt phn ca hnh nh.

 hiu r hn phn ny, cc bc c th tham kho bi vit ny #7: (Ch p dng cho cc my nh s hin i). Nu chng ta thit lp tc chp nhanh hn flash sync hoc s dng ch Av vi khu yu cu phi c tc chp nhanh hn flash sync t c phi sng ng, my nh s t ng chuyn tc chp v tc flash sync khi tm nh c chp nu flash built-in hoc flash gn ngoi c bt. Thng th kt qu l d sng tr khi chng ta thit lp safety shift trong custom function. Khi nh b d sng khi s dng flash ngoi tri, c th l do nguyn nhn trn. nh chp thng khng b d sng do snh sng t flash m thng b d sng do nh sng mi trng bi v tc chp qu thp. Nu chng ta s dng flash b sng trong iu kin tri sng, cn phi gim khu hoc gim ISO tc chp thp hn tc flash sync. Ht bi 1, em s post tip bi 2 trong t gi na

Bi 2: Ti sao chng ta li cn flash ri cho my nh?

Rt nhiu my nh, bao gm c mt s my DSLR nh kh t tin, c flash tch hp sn cng nh l c khe gn flash ngoi. Ngi mi bt u thng hi ti sao h nn mua mt chic flash ngoi gn vo , bi hc ny s tr li cho cu hi . L do 1: Hin tng mt (redeye) Chng ta u nhn thy nhng bc nh chp ngi m mt h rc nh mt mo. iu ny c th lm hng mt tm nh d cc yu t khc u rt p. Mt c gy ra bi nh sng phn x t vng mc ca mt. Hin tng ny cng t khi ng t ca mt ch th m rng (chp trong nh) hoc khi chp vi gc hp gia ngun sng (flash), mt v ng knh. V phng din hnh hc, hai nhn t nh hng ti gc trn l khong cch gia flash v ng knh; v khong cch t my nh ti mt ch th. Mt cch trnh mt l chuyn flash ra xa ng knh. Flash cng cch xa ng knh th kh nng trnh c hin tng mt cng nhiu. Thng thng, flash gn ngoi s c khong cch ti ng knh gp i flash bt ln t my. Chng ta c th s dng gi lm tng khong cch vi ng knh nhm trnh hin tng mt . L do 2: sng Khong s dng hiu qu ca bt k loi flash no ph thuc vo khu v nhy sng c my nh s dng. V d, ti f/8 v ISO 100, flash c sn trong my DSLR hin nay ch mang li hiu qu nu ch th nm trong khong cch 5ft (khong 1.5m). Tt nhin, chng ta c th tng khong hiu qu ny bng cch m khu hoc tng ISO nhng iu ny dn n lm gim su trng nh hoc tng nhiu. Mt flash ngoi tt c kh nng cung cp nh sng mnh gp 15 ln flash c sn trong my v mang li khong cch s dng hiu qu gp 4 ln. iu ny cho php chng ta c th khp khu ly su trng nh ln hoc gim ISO gim nhiu. sng cng l yu t quan trng nh flash phn x hoc b sng trong lc chp hnh ngoi nng. L do 3: nh flash phn x (bounced flash) Kh nng hng flash vo tng hoc trn nh s to ra bc hnh tt hn nhiu so vi nh thng. iu ny c th gii ngha bi s khc nhau gia nh sng gt chiu thng vo mt v nh sng phn x t trn hoc tng du hn v gn vi nh sng t nhin. Ngoi ra s phn x nh sng t trn c tc dng lm ngun sng rng hn, to ra bong mm hn, nn nh sng hn t nhin hn. sng yu cu cho k thut ny thay i rt ln ty theo cao v mu sc ca trn v cc yu t khc nhng thm ch vi trn nh thp v trng, sng yu cu vn gp 4 ln sng khi ta nh flash trc tip. Vi flash trc tip, chng ta ch chiu sng i tng chp, vi flash phn x, chng ta chiu sng c cn phng. L do 4: Cng c iu chnh nh sng flash (Flash modifiers)

C rt nhiu loi diffuser hoc cc ph kin khc gn vo flash thay i hng ca nh sng pht ra t flash. Chng ta c th s dng softbox, lambency diffuser hoc n gin nh mt tm th buc vo flash. Cc hnh thc trn c th hot ng hi khc nhau nhng ni chung chng u c thit k to ra ngun sng rng hn chiu ln ch th. Mt trng hp hon ton khc bit so vi cc loi ph kin trn l Better Beamer, dng to ra mt ngun sng mnh, hp chiu mt khong cch ln cho vic chp hnh ng vt hoang d (wildlife shooting). Khi s dng ng, cc cng c iu chnh nh sng flash c th lm tng cht lng nh chp mt cch r rt nhng r rang l chng ta cn phi c mt flash gn ngoi s dng chng. L do 5: Gi flash Gi flash c rt nhiu loi v phc v cho hai mc ch. Bn cnh vic di chuyn flash ra xa ng knh ( cp l do 1), n cn cho php my nh c th xoay dc trong khi flash vn pha trn ca ng knh. iu ny ngn nga vic bng sng bn cnh c th lm hng bc nh trong khi chp theo chiu dc. Mt s loi gi c th lt c flash, gi cho flash cng chiu vi my nh. Loi ny cho php flash zoom cng vi ng knh v trnh c nh sng tha vi flash trc tip. Mt s loi khc li cho php my nh xoay trong khi flash vn gi nguyn trn my nh. Loi ny lm cho vic i chiu trong khi gn trn tripod tr nn d dng v lm vic tt hn vi mt s loi flash modifier nh l Lumiquest Promax System. S dng gi flash yu cu phi c mt dy sync ni flash vi my nh.

nh t Canon Photograph forum L do 6: Cc l do khc. Hu ht cc flash gn ngoi u c thm cc tnh nng m flash gn cng my khng c. Mt s tnh nng thng thy flash gn ngoi: 1. H tr ly nt-Tnh nng ny to ra cc vch sng trn ch th h tr h thng ly nt t ng hot ng tt hn trong iu kin nh sng yu. 2. FP Flash (high speed sync)-Tnh nng ny cho php s dng tc chp cao hn. Nu chng ta s dng flash b sng khi chp ngoi tri v mun t khu ln xa phng mnh, FP Flash l rt cn thit. 3. Ch manual-Cho php chng ta thit lp v iu chnh sng ca flash, khng b l thuc hon ton vo h thng o sng flash t ng (automatic flash metering) v cng c th s dng flash nh mt ngun sng ph thuc (slave). y l kin thc kh kh nhng trc sau g chng ta cng phi nghin cu s dng. 4. Wireless E-TTL-Cho php s dng nhiu flash vi cc sng khc nhau trong ch master/slave (ch ny em ko dch th tt hn) c sp xp bng ch o sng flash E-TTL (E-TTL flash matering) Tm li, cc my nh DSLR ngy nay u trang b nhng cng ngh tin tin v vi nhng

ng knh ph hp, chng c th chp c nhng bc nh tuyt vi. Tuy nhin, flash sn c trong nhng my ny khng cung cp sng cn thit v qu gn ng knh, ko th s dng nh phn x v khng th dng c ci cc ph kin iu chnh nh sng flash. S v dng ca chng gii thch ti sao cc my nh cao cp khng tch hp sn n flash Li khuyn dnh cho mi ngi dng DSLR l mua mt n flash ngoi ngay nu bn tin cho n. Trong khi c rt nhiu th loi nh khng yu cu c n flash, nhng hu ht nhng ngi mi cm my u chp ngi (people shot) hn l chp cc ch th khc. Flash c th ci thin nh chp ngi k c trong nh ln ngoi tri. Trc khi ngh ti vic mua thm ng knh hoc mt ci tripod xn hoc mt ph kin no khc, hy mua mt n flash tt cho my nh ca mnh

Bi 3: nh flash phn x nh th no
Chp nh i hi kh nhiu k thut v kh phc tp, khng mt thng s hoc cch thc no c th p dng c cho mi trng hp, bi hng dn ny vit trn gi nh chng ta chp trong mt phng nh v c trn thp mu trng, thng l nh , lp hc hoc phng lm vic. Ti sao s dng flash? n gin to ra hoc thm vo nh sng cho cn phng cho php chng ta thit lp tc chp cao hn (gim bng m trong nh), khp khu nh hn (c trng nh su hn), ISO thp (gim nhiu) so vi vic s dng nh sng mi trng. H thng h tr ly nt ca flash cng gip chng ta ly nt nhanh hn v chnh xc hn trong iu kin nh sng yu. Ti sao phi dng flash phn x? Trong t nhin, ngun sng thng chiu t pha trn xung ch th, v vy vng bng to ra bi nh sng phn x t trn nh khi dng flash trng s t nhin hn. Khi nh sng pht ra t flash p vo trn nh v phn x xung theo mi hng, nh sng s ri sng c cn phng. iu ny to ra mt ngun sng rng khp phng khng nhng lm bng mm hn m cn lm nn nh sng hn. Khi s dng ng cch, nh flahs phn x cn gip chng ta to ra c hnh nh t nhin khng ging nh c s dng ngun sng ngoi. Nguyn nhn cui cng l nh flash phn x s loi b hin tng mt khi chp vi flash trc tip. Vn nhit mu Flash ngoi to ra nhit mu tng t nh nh sng ban ngy. nh sng t n dy tc (incandescent, tungsten) c nhit mu thp hn t nhin v nh sng to ra t n neon (fluorescent) c nhit mu cao hn t nhin lm cho nh b m xanh hoc m vng. Thng thng, n flash c kh nng to ra ngun sng mnh chiu sng mt cn phng nh, v vy chng ta nn gim nh sng t mi trng xung mc nh nht c th bng cch thit lp tc chp bng vi tc ng b ha flash (flash sync speed) (thng l 1/200 hoc 1/250 vi cc my Canon DSLR hin nay). iu ny s lm cho nh sng flash tr thnh ngun sng chnh v loi b cc vn gy ra bi nhiu ngun sng c cc nhit mu khc nhau. Thit lp khu Nu chng ta mun thit lp khu c c mt su trng nh nh , hy ch ti cc vn sau. Khu nh (f ln) s i hi phi thit lp ISO cao c c phi sng nh . su trng nh l mt khi nim tng i phc tp nhng ni chung, vi chp nh ngi trong nh, f/4 l i vi mt i tng v f/8 l vi mt nhm nh. y l nhng nguyn tc chung, bn hon ton c th chn mt khu bn cho l tt nht ty thuc vo ch th m bn nh chp. Thit lp nhy sng (ISO) Chng ta bn qua v tc chp v khu , ISO l phn cui cng trong cng thc to ra phi sng. Nu s dng ISO cao, tm nh s c nhiu nhiu, mt m nh l thit lp ISO va c th ly sng cho bc nh ch khng nn thit lp cao qu mc cn thit. iu ny i hi bn phi thit lp v th nhng thng thng ISO 400 l mc hp l bt

u. Thit lp, th v iu chnh Thng thng, chng ta c on mt khu v ISO no c c phi sng cn thit cho bc nh i vi flash phn x v th xc nh thng s hp l. Vi ch M trn my nh, vic thit lp c th da vo hng dn bn trn, t flash ch E-TTL, chp vi tm hnh vi ch th cui phng. Ngay sau mi ln chp, quan st n bo xc nhn phi sng trn flash (flash exposure confirmation lamp-FCL), gn n pilot pha sau flash. Tn hiu t n ny cho bit flash c th cung cp nh sng cho mt tm nh ng sng vi cc thng s chng ta thit lp hay khng. Nu n ny khng sng, iu ny c ngha l flash khng th cung cp nh sng c phi sng ng vi cc thng s ta chn. Cn phi m khu hoc tng ISO ty theo mc ch chp v th li ln na. Nu n sng, nhn vo histogram (ci ny em khng dch ) xc nh tm nh ng sng hay cha. Nu tm nh b thiu sng, tng thm sng cho flash bng cch bm vo +FEC (flash exposure compensation). Vic tng sng cho flash l thng thy trong khi s dng flash phn x v ch o sng E-TTL ca flash. Sau khi iu chnh FEC, th li, iu chnh tip cho ti khi t c phi sng mong mun. Nu bn cha bit c thng tin histogram th mi tham kho ti y. Khi chng ta thc hin vic iu chnh, chng ta sn sng chp c nhng tm nh vi phi sng ng. Tuy nhin, cn phi nh kim tra FCL v histogram thng xuyn. Rt nhiu yu t nh trang phc mu, ca s mu trng hoc vic thay i hu cnh c th lm h thng o sng ca flash khng chnh xc v cn phi iu chnh bi ngi chp. Di y l mt s kinh nghim v chp vi flash phn x cn nh: 1. Hng flash thng ln trn mi khi bn mun nh flash phn x, trnh s dng gc 45 v n c xu hng ch chiu sng ch th v v to ra cc vng sng trn trn nh pha trn ch th. 2. Buc mt tm ba vo u ca flash nh hnh di s to ra catchlight trong mt ca ch th v cung cp thm mt cht nh sng chiu trc tip b sng cho nhng phn bng trn ch th nh hc mt, c.

3. Zoom flash ti mc rng nht c th s to ra mt vng sng rng t trn trn gip cho vic chiu sng hiu qu hn v cung cp nhiu nh sng phn x t tm ba hn. 4. Trn nh khng phi l ni duy nht c th s dng cho nh sng phn x. Chng ta c th s dng cc bc tng xung quanh.

Bi 4: Guide Number
Guide number l g? Guide number cho flash in t l mt cch xc nhn sng cc i m n flash c th to ra c din t theo hai thng s l khu v khong cch.Guide number (GN) l mt kt qu tnh ton t khu v khong cch t flash ti ch th th hin lng nh sng phi cung cp cho nh sng. Cng thc c bn: GN = khu x khong cch T cng thc trn chng ta c th suy ra: Khu = GN/khong cch Khong cch = GN/khu Ba cch thng s dng GN l: 1. Xc nh khu cn thit chp ti mt khong cch nh trc khi s dng manual flash. V d: Flash c GN bng 160 ft v khong cch cn chp l 20ft, khu cn phi dng l f/8. 2. Xc nh khong cch ti a m flash c th cung cp sng cho ch th ti khu nh trc. V d: Flash c GN l 160ft v khu s dng l f/8. Khong cch ti a m flash c th cung cp sng l 20ft. 3. So snh mnh ca cc loi n flash (GN cng cao th n cng mnh). Tt nhin chng

ta phi so snh trn cng mt tiu ch (c th xem mc 2 di y) Nhng vn ny tng i n gin v kh d hiu, tuy nhin c mt s vn chng ta cn phi nh: 1. GN phi c th hin bng mt s o khong cch no (thng l ft hoc m) ti mt gi tr ISO no . Hu ht cc qung co v guide number c o bng m ti ISO 100, nhng bn phi xc nh chc chn nhng vn ny. Mt s trng hp, GN c th hin bng feet v mt s trng hp c ghi nhn ti ISO 25 hoc mt gi tr no khc. chuyn t m sang feet, bn nhn vi 3.3. 2. GN thay i khi bn zoom flash. V d, n 580EX c GN bng 58m khi zoom ti 105mm nhng ch c GN bng 28 khi zoom ti 28mm. 3. GN tng khi chng ta tng ISO. Tng gp i ISO, GN s tng gp 1.4 ln. Tng ISO t 100 ln 400 s tng gp i GN. 4. Vic s dng thm mt loi dng c thay i nh sng flash no (diffuser, bouncer, umbrellavv) cho flash s lm gim hiu qu ca GN. Gi tr GN trong ti liu i km l gi tr o khi khng s dng thm bt k mt dng c no. 5. GN s gim r rt khi s dng ch ng b tc cao (high speed sync-FP Flahs). Chng ta s tm hiu k vn ny phn sau Nhng vn trn c th s lm cho cng thc tnh ton tr nn phc tp hn mt cht, v vy chng ta cn ti khong cch c th hin mn hnh pha sau flash. Flash s tnh ton cho chng ta, t cc thng s khu , ISO v HSS, v a ra mt c tnh tng i chnh xc khong cch m bn c th ng. Hy nh rng flash khng th bit rng chng ta ang s dng diffuser hay khng, v vy nu chng ta c s dng th kt qu m flash a ra vn khng thay i