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Bi ging o to T vn Gim st

Ng-i son : PGS.TS. Nguyn vit Trung Bn tho b sung, sa cha ln th t-, xong ngy: 21-8-2004 ====================================================
Mc lc : Chng 6 : Gim st xy dng v cc biu mu 6-5 : Gim st kt cu BTCT ( 10 tit ) 6.5.1. Yu cu chung 6.5.2. Cc Tiu chun k thut v Ti liu php l c lin quan ban hnh 6.5.3. Kim tra n thit k thi cng ca Nh thu 6.5.4. Kim tra cc Tiu chun thi cng v Quy trnh cng ngh ca Nh thu 6.5.5. Gim st thi cng cc kt cu v cng trnh ph tm : - b c, -ng tr-t, mi dn, tr tm, kt cu m rng tr, - h phao ni, h neo trn sng, thit b lao y, gio 6.5.6. Gim st h thng vt t- thit b d ng lc ( cp, neo, ng,kch ), vt t- thp cc loi v vt liu b tng ( Khng k ct , xi mang, ph gia) 6.5.7. Gim st cng tc ch to v lp t ct thp th-ng v cc chi tit thp khc 6.5.8. Gim st cng tc b tng: - dm , tr m, mng su, cc khoan nhi, BT khi ln, BT d-i n-c, - cng tc c sn cc cu kin t dm, tr ,cc 6.5.9. Gim st cng tc lp t, cng ko cp v t neo, bm va lp lng ng cha cp 6.5.10. Gim st tho lp v cn chnh b thit b c v vn khun di ng 6.5.11.Gim st thi cng khi hp long 6.5.12. Gim st lao dm BTCT ( lao dc , lao ngang,, ch ni,) 6.5.13. Gim st lp hng cu BTCT ( vn chuyn, cu lp, dn keo, thi cng mi ni ) 6.5.14. Kim tra cc kch th-c hnh hc, v tr ca cc b phn kt cu chnh v kt cu ph tm trn mt bng v mt ng 6.5.15. Gim st v an ton trong thi cng kt cu BTCT 6.5.16. H thng s sch ghi chp v cc biu mu. Qun l trn my tnh.

6.5. Gim st thi cng kt cu BTCT 6.5.1. Yu cu chung Cng tc gim st thi cng kt cu BTCT lin quan n phm vi kh rng bao gm t khu gim st nguyn vt liu ( ct, ,xi mng , v.v.. .)v vt t- chuyn dng ( cp, neo , ct thp v.v.. .) n cc hng mc thi cng khc nhau t mng su, mng nng n thn m tr v kt cu nhp, m cc hng mc ny li -c thi cng theo nhiu cng ngh khc nhau nh- ; b tng d-i n-c, c sn, c hng, c y, b tng bm, b tng

phun, b tng m cn ln, v.v.. . V vy trong phm vi ti liu ny ch h thng ho li nhng vn quan trng nht m K s- gim st th-ng gp phi, Ngoi ra v cc Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu kt cu BTCT hin hnh n-c ta ch-a cp t m n nhng cng ngh mi p dng trong xy d-ng cng trnh giao thng trong khoang 5 nm tr li y , nn cc vn cng ngh mi s -c ni n nhiu hn nhng g -c gii thiu trong Gio trnh i hc v trong cc Tiu chun thng dng. Yu cu chung i vi cng tc gim st kt cu BTCT l phi p buc v h-ng dn Nh thu m bo thc hin ng mi quy nh -c c th ho trong cc vn bn k thut c hiu lc php l , sao cho bt k hng mc kt cu no cng t ng yu cu cht l-ng, tin v gim chi ph trong khun kh d ton ca D n. T- vn gim st phi nm vng tr-c ht l iu kin Hp ng v Tiu chun k thut lin quan ca Hp ng, bi v trong tm tt nhng yu cu c th ca d n. Tip theo cn phi hiu v c sn tra cu kp thi cc Tiu chun Xy dng cp TCVN v cp TCN c ni dung lin quan n cng tc BTCT trong D n ca mnh. 6.5.2. Cc Tiu chun k thut v Ti liu php l c lin quan ban hnh Sau y lit k danh sch mt s Tiu chun cn thit nht m T- vn Gim st (TVGS) phi c tra cu v s dng khi h-ng dn, kim tra, x l tranh chp vi Nh Thu 1- Quy trnh th nghim b tng xi mng 22-TCN 60-84 2- Quy trnh th nghim c-ng khng p ca b tng bng dng c HPS : 22-TCN 68-84 3- Quy trnh th nghim cc ch tiu c l ca 22-TCN 57-84 4- Quy trnh phn tch n-c dng cho cng trnh giao thng 22-TCN 6184 5- Ct xy dng TCVN 337-86 n TCVN 346-86 n 6- Xi mng TCVN 4787-89 7- Kt cu BT v BTCT lp ghp TCVN 4452-87

8- Hm -ng st v Hm -ng -t - TC thi cng v nghim thu TCVN 5428-88 9- Kt cu BT v BTCT ton khi - Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu TCVN 4453-95 10- Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu cu cng ( Q 166 ) 11- Cng trnh bn cng bin 22 TCN 21-86 12- Nn cc cng trnh thu cng TCVN 4253-86 13- Quy trnh thi cng vt liu xi mng l-i thp 22 TCN 79-84 14- Quy trnh k tut thi cng v nghim thu cng trnh bn khi xp thng th-ng trong xy dng cng sng v cng bin 22 TCN 69-87 15- Cng trnh bn cng sng 22 TCN 219-94 16- Cng trn BTCT lp ghp 22 TCN 159-86 17- Chng n mn trong xy dng kt cu BTCT TCVN 3993-85 18- Chng n mn trong xy dng kt cu BTCT - Phn loi mi tr-ng xm thc TCVN 3994-85 19- Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu dm cu BTCT d ng lc 22 TCN 247-98 20- Quy trnh h-ng dn thit k cc cng trnh ph tr phc v thi cng cu TCN 200-1989. 6.5.3. Kim tra n thit k thi cng ca Nh thu Theo quy nh chung hin nay, sau khi -c trng thu ,Nh thu c trch nhim lp cc bn v thi cng chi tit trnh TVGS thm nh v cho php s dng. L th-ng, Nh thu no cng lun mun tm cch thi cng khc vi ban u sao cho ph hp vi cng ngh v thit b , vt t- sn c ca Nh thu nhm gim chi ph v tng tn .i khi nhng c gng ny li c th lm gim phn no cht l-ng ca cng trnh. V vy TVGS phi c trnh v nng lc kim tra v sa i hay h-ng dn Nh thu hon thin n bn v thi cng ny. Trong nhiu tr-ng hp TVGS cn s dng cc ch-ng trnh my tnh chuyn dng ph hp, c th tp trung suy ngh vo nhng vn chnh hn l vo nhng tnh ton chi tit qu.
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Nn mi thm cc chuyn gia khc (c th ngoi Cng ty T- vn) khi cn thit i ph vi nhng tnh hung k thut phc tp v cng ngh mi. i khi TVGS cn cn n s tr gip ca Phng th nghim kim tra cng ngh , v d kim tra qu trnh bin i st ca b tng t-i , kim tra cc c tnh thi cng ca b tng bm, ca b tng phun, ca cc loi va khng co ngt,v.v.. . hoc kim tra hiu chun cc thit b ko cng cp d ng lc, v.v.. . TVGS khng ch kim tra v k thut m cn ch kim tra v n gi ca cng ngh . Cc Hp dng thu theo kiu thu n gi th-ng b tng chi ph thc t do Nh thu thay i cng ngh -c duyt ban u bng cng ngh khc c n gi t hn v vin mt l do no nghe c v hp l. Th d, i t cc ng sang cc khoan nhi trnh rung ng ph hu nh dn xung quanh cng tr-ng, iu ny l ng nh-ng nhiu khi khng tht s cn thit v khng l gii php duy nht hp l. 6.5.4. Kim tra cc Tiu chun thi cng v Quy trnh cng ngh ca Nh thu Sau khi trng thu, Nh thu c trch nhim chun b cc Tiu chun thi cng v Quy trnh cng ngh km theo cc bn v thi cng cho tng hng mc cng trnh v np TVGS xem xt v ph duyt tr-c khi thi cng. Nh- vy trch nhm ca TVGS lc ny rt nng. Sau ny nu xy ra sai st m Nh thu lm theo ng cng ngh -c duyt th li ca TVGS l r rng. V vy khi xt duyt cc Tiu chun thi cng v Quy trnh cng ngh c th do Nh thu trnh, ng-i TVGS nn ch cc ni dung sau : - i chiu vi cc Tiu chun cp Nh n-c v cp Ngnh c lin quan. i khi cc Tiu chun qu chung chung so vi hng mc cng vic c th v v vy phi tham kho thm nhiu ti liu khc ca B Xy dng, B Nng nghip v PTNT hay ca n-c ngoi . V d cc Tiu chun n-c ngoi :AASHTO (Hoa-k), BS (Anh quc), AS (Auxtralia), JPS (Nht-bn), v.v.. . - i chiu vi cc kt qu ca Phng th nghim, nu ch-a lm th nghim hoc th nghim ch-a tin cy th phi lm th nghim li hoc ti cng tr-ng, hoc ti Phng th nghim hp chun no c giy php. V d v cc c tr-ng ca ct ,xi mng, v cp phi b tng bm , cp phi va khng co ngt, cc c tr-ng c l ca ct thp ,ca b tng , cc tnh nng ca kch to lc cng cp d ng lc ,v.v.. .

- i chiu vi cc kinh nghim c trong thi cng tnh hung t-ng t . Kinh nghim c th l ca bn thn ng-i TVGS hoc ca cc ng nghip , hoc rt ra t sch , t h s hon cng cc cu khc t-ng t hon thnh tr-c y. - i chiu vi cc Catalog, cc L lch, cc Giy chng nhn cht l-ng ca cc thit b, my mc hay vt t- c chng , hay ca bn thn cng ngh ang -c xt. Nhng ti liu ny phi yu cu Nh thu np . Thng th-ng, " Nh thu xy lp chnh" s yu cu cc "Nh thu cung cp" np cc ti liu ny. c bit, nn tip xc vi cc K s- ca cc "Nh thu cung cp" tm hiu k thm v nhng sn phm hay cng ngh m h d nh p dng trong D n ny. V d , khi xem xt cng ngh c hng nn xem k cc H s v xe c, v thit b vt t- cng cp d ng lc, v ti liu va bm lp lng ng cha cp, v cht bo d-ng b tng, v.v.. . - kim tra cc bn tnh , tht ra ch cn xt mt s bn tnh no m cm thy quan trng v cn thit. Nh thu phi np cc bn tnh chng thc Tiu chun thi cng v Quy trnh thi cng m h ngh l hp l v an ton. TVGS khng nn b qua cc tnh ton kim tra c bit nh- ; + tnh ton v trnh t ko cng cp d ng lc, s thay i ca d ng lc qua tng b-c thi cng + tnh ton bin dng (vng, vng, x dch, co ngn, v.v...) trong mi giai on thi cng (c dm, lao y, cu lp, c hng, cng cp ,v.v... ) + tnh ton v n nh v dao ng ca kt cu chnh trong qu trnh thi cng hng hoc c y, hoc ch ni. c bit l-u xt cc tnh hung trong ma m-a bo + tnh ton v nt kt cu chnh trong qu trnh lao lp hoc c hng, c y + tnh ton v kh nng trnh cc vt nt do nhit ln to ra khi c khi ln v nt do chnh lch nhit thi im mi b tng xong, ch-a t c-ng thit k + tnh ton v tin thi cng b tng, c bit l trong ma nng hoc khi b tng vo ban m, khi Trm trn xa cng tr-ng, - kim tra k v nhng quy nh lin quan n cng tc chun b b mt tr-c khi b tng, cng tc x l khe ni thi cng gia cc t kt cu, cng tc bo d-ng trong nhng ngy u sau khi va b tng, cng

tc d vn khun sm (c bit l i vi vn khun tr-t , vn khun leo) - kim tra v cc d kin s c c th xy ra v d kin bin php khc phc sm. Nhng iu ny phi -c Nh thu d kin ngay trong Quy trnh thi cng m h trnh TVGS. - kim tra cc mu bin bn ghi chp v tng hng mc cng trnh c th trong qu trnh thi cng. V d mu s ghi chp qu trnh ko cng cp d ng lc, mu s ghi s liu trc c trong qu trnh c hng v s liu v iu chnh vn khun tr-c khi c mi t dm mi, v.v.. . - kim tra cc quy nh c lin quan n cc sai s cho php ca cc hng mc cng tc. Thng th-ng trong cc Tiu chun cp TCVN v cp TCN u c cc quy nh v sai s cho php ny. Tuy nhin i vi nhng cng ngh mi nh- c y, c hng, b tng cc khoan nhi -ng knh n 2,5m ,su n 100 m th r rng l cc TCVN v TCN ch-a tht s cp n. K s- TVGS phi xem xt k vn ny v n nh h-ng trc tip n cht l-ng cng trnh. 6.5.5. Gim st thi cng cc kt cu v cng trnh ph tm : Nhiu sai st lm gim cht l-ng cng trnh v nhiu s c i khi cht ng-i c nguyn nhn su xa t li thit k v li thi cng cc cng trnh ph tm. C th ly vi v d gn y v sp gio cu Gnh-ho (C-mau), v nt Cu Mt , cu Hin L-ng khi c y, v st vng vy khoan cc nhi cu Lc-qun, v.v.. . V vy cng tc gim st thi cng cc cng trnh ph tm cn -c TVGS ch c bit. Ni chung khi thit k cc cng trnh v kt cu ph tm , nhiu k s- ch ch trng phn tnh ton c-ng m t ch tnh ton v bin dng , ln khng u, nt, dao ng . Mt khc h th-ng dng s phng tnh ton kt cu v hy vng s dng cc lin kt ngang b tr theo cu tokhng tnh ton gia cc h kt cu phng m bo s lm vic chung gia chng. Chnh s h ny c th dn n sp gio c th gy cht ng-i mt khi m v l do no , kt cu khng cn chu lc theo s phng na m h lin kt ngang li qu yu v khng -c tnh ton thc s cn thn.(V d s c cu Gnh-ho) i vi cc vng vy ngn n-c, o nhn to , cu tm phc v thi cng , Nh thu c th vin l do tit kim chi ph v thi gian nn tm cch gim su ng cc vn chng hn, hoc lm mng tr tm s si. n khi gp dng l v sm hn d kin hoc l qu ln hn mi nm, c th xy ra nguy c xi mn mnh lm ln lch nghing vng vy, o nhn to khin cho cc thit b trn sp xung sng c th gy tai nn v

thit hi nghim trng v tin ca, tnh mng, lm chm tin thi cng (V d cu Lc-qun, cu Thanh-tr,v.v.. .) Do vy nht thit TVGS nn kim tra bn tnh kt cu ph tm ca Nh thu v yu cu hon thin n mc an ton ti a cho cc kt cu ph tm. Khng nn nh-ng b v tranh th thi gian thi cng v gim gi thnh m chp nhn gim an ton ca kt cu ph tm. (Xin xem thm Quy trnh thit k cng trnh ph tr phc v thi cng cu ). Mt sai st th-ng gp ca cc cng trnh ph tm l cc b phn kt cu lin kt khng -c tnh ton g hoc c tnh ton nh-ng ch-a mc an ton. Ni chung phi sot k v mi hn: cch b tr, chiu dy v chiu di -ng hn, yu cu v cng ngh v vt liu hn . Nn nghi ng hiu qu ca cc lin kt bu-lng c-ng cao trong iu kin thi cng hin nay n-c ta . Dng bu-lng th v bu-lng tinh ch cho kt cu ph tm l an ton hn nu tnh ton cn thn. Khi gim st thi cng gio, ngoi vic phi i chiu vi cc ti liu k thut c hiu lc php l , TVGS cn c bit l-u n sai s cho php, kh nng xy ra s c v bin php iu chnh nu c s c. V d phi d tr cch thc v thit b cho vic iu chnh cao bng kch chng hn khi c tnh trng ln khng u hoc vng khng u, vng qu mc ca gio . xy ra nhiu tr-ng hp do dng kch c-ng bc iu chnh lch ng hay lch ngang kt cu m lm nt b tng ca kt cu ph tm v kt cu chnh nh- cu Mt Vn sai s cho php khi o c kch th-c v v tr s -c nu trong mc 6.5.15. Sau y l mt s vn c th c lin quan n mt s loi kt cu ph tm c th 6.5.5.1. B c Sai st th-ng gp lin quan n b c cc hoc b c dm l hin t-ng ln khng u khin cho vic c cc t dm b sai lch. tit kim kinh ph, Nh thu c th thit k b c rt n gin. V d b c ch l cc t cc tha t trn nn gia c dm v hc, bn trn cc t cc t theo h-ng ngang l vn khun y t theo h-ng dc c dm gin n .C th mt s dm -c c trt lt tt trong nhng ngy ma nng. Tuy nhin khi vo ma m-a hoc sau vi ngy m-a bo lin tip, nn b c s tr nn b yu v khi c trng l-ng b tng t-i rt vo vn khun s xy ra ln khng u khin dm b c sai lch.

tit kim kinh ph thu mt bng,c Nh thu li dng bi sng ma n-c cn lm khu vc c dm. Nh- vy c nguy c l nu ma l n sm bt ng vo lc dm ch-a sn xut xong th s xy ra s c, nh h-ng xu n cht l-ng dm. Vy cn tnh ton k v thu vn, mc n-c ma l. Trong cng ngh c y, b c -c chun b ngay trn nn -ng u cu mi p ch-a ln c kt ht mc nn cng c nguy c ln khng u. Chuyn ny xy ra cu Mt. trnh s c ny ,TVGS phi yu cu Nh thu thit k b c chc chn , c bn tnh ton v ln d kin ng cc bin php hiu chnh ln kp thi. Xung quanh b c phi lm h thng rnh thot n-c nhanh. i khi phi ng cc lm mng b c cho cu c y. Tr-c khi c dm u tin, nht thit phi th ti tnh cho b c bng cch cht ti th v theo di trong t nht 4 ngy (khong chng bng thi gian c, bo d-ng, ko cng cp dm v dm kh nng chu lc). Trong sut qu trnh thi cng , tr-c v sau mi t c mi dm , cn cao c li ton b b x l kp thi cc vn trc trc ngay t lc mi ny sinh. 6.5.5.2. ng trt Hng mc -ng tr-t ch lin quan n cu c y Ni chung, cc gi tr-t c phn trn bng thp -c mua t n-c ngoi hoc ch to tt t trong Nh my kt cu thp nn cht l-ng khng ng lo ngi . Tuy vy c my sai st th-ng gp ; - kh nng chu lc ca cc gi tr-t -c mua v l khng ging nhau v khng nu nh- gp tnh hung nn b ln khng u gy ra s tng p lc t dm BTCT ln mt vi gi tr-t no , khi p lc ny ln qu mc d kin ban u s xut hin s c ti gi tr-t. - chiu dy cc tm tr-t bng cht do khng bng nhau nh- l t-ng, khin cho cc tm tr-t chng hng .(chuyn ny xy ra cu Mt) - phn d-i ca gi tr-t (c th gi l tr-t) th-ng bng BTCT c ti ch. Phn ny th-ng -c thit k ch-a k l-ng nn c th b nt, ln v trong qu trnh y , gy h- hi cho dm BTCT v lm chm tin thi cng chung c cu. V th TVGS cn kim tra k bn tnh chu lc cc b ca tr-t, bn tnh cc phn lc gi ln cc tr-t, c xt cc

tnh hung ln khng u gia cc tr-t. Khi gam st thi cng phi kim tra k vic t ng v cc l-i ct thp cc b. Phi kim tra k kt qu lp t gi tr-t v cao , d-ng tim dc , -ng tim ngang, bng phng v on vut 2 u gi tr-t n dm tin vo bn tr-t m thun Cng tc cao c tt c cc tr-t cn -c tin hnh th-ng xuyn hng ngy vo lc bui sng ch-a c nh nng trnh nh h-ng ca nhit n kt qu o cao c. TVGS phi nghin cu kt qu ngay sau khi o xong quyt nh cc bin php x l kp thi cng vi K s- Nh thu nu cn thit.Trong biu mu ghi kt qu o c phi th hin r cc cao ca tng im o ti mi tr-t : cao thit k, cao mp th-ng l-u, cao mp h l-u, cc sai s ca mp th-ng l-u v mp h l-u 6.5.5.3. Mi dn Mi dn l mt kt cu thp v vy cc hng mc gim st cng -c tin hnh nh- i vi kt cu thp thng th-ng. Cc vn ring m TVGS cn ch khi duyt thit k v khi gim st l : a/- Lin kt ni mi dn vi t th nht ca dm BTCT c c y. - phn lin kt gm cc cp d ng lc ngn tm thi phn cnh trn v phn cnh d-i dm thp nhm chu m men i du m-d-ng - phn lin kt gm mu u m BTCT , cc bn thp ch ca mi dn, cc bu lng lin kt nhm chu lc ct mi ni - c 2 phn ni trn u cn -c tnh ton c th v c xt cc tnh hung thi cng khc nhau. Bn tnh phi -c sot k v i chiu khi thi cng gp ng tnh hung d kin. - Tt c cc mi hn neo tm, cp neo tm u phi ch kim tra k cht l-ng - V qu trnh thi cng c th ko di n 1-2 nm nn vn chng r cho cc cp tm thi ny phi -c xem xt, c bit l nu cu vng c n mn mnh nh- ven bin, khu cng nghip, v.v.. . b/- Lin kt gia cc t ca mi dn - mi dn th-ng c chiu di t 24 m n 30 m hoc hn na nn phi
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gm nhiu t c lp -c chuyn ch n cng tr-ng ri ghp li bng mi ni c bu lng . Lin kt ny th-ng -c thit k k nh-ng mp d-i ca mi ni ny s t ln cc tm tr-t teflon v c th l hng tm tr-t. TVGS cn yu cu Nh thu gia cng mi phng nhn mp d-i ca mi ni bn cnh d-i ca mi dn sao cho trnh s c ni trn c/- Cu to u mi dn v kch mi - y l b phn -c thit k c bit mi dn tin vo gi tr-t trn tr mt cch m thun. C nhiu kiu cu to khc nhau, iu quan trng l TVGS cn yu cu th nghim kh nng hot ng ca kch mi ngay ti hin tr-ng sau khi lp rp xong. Hai kch mi ca 2 nhnh dm I ca mi dn phi hot ng -c mt cch ng b v u. 6.5.5.6. Tr tm, kt cu m rng tr, Cc tr tm khng ch dng ring cho thi cng kt cu BTCT m cn dng cho nhiu cng tc khc trn cng tr-ng. V vy TVGS phi xc nh ngay t u cc nhim v ca mi tr tm v yu cu Nh thu tnh ton , thit k cho ph hp vi mi nhim v . Nhng sai st ca thit k v thi cng tr tm th-ng gp l : a/- Mng khng chc chn : - Nh thu c th t mng tr tm trn nn t cn c tri lp m hc- dm, bn trn c cc t vt k dm mng hoc nt chn ct ca pa-l thp. Cng c th tr tm gia sng nn c nn bng khung vy lng hc. Ni chung cc mng ny nu -c m nn k v khng b anh h-ng ca m-a l th khng c s c. Tuy nhin TVGS phi xem xt kh nng s c do m-a l , ln khng u, nghing lch mng khin tr tm mt n nh gy s c tai nn - Mt tr-ng hp khc l tr tm t trn s-n dc ng, c th gp hin t-ng trt l s-n t dc nn phi ch phng. b/- Lin kt trong mt phng thng ng theo hng ngang khng kho - tr-ng hp ny c th gp s c sp tr tm khi c va x hay v l do no m tr b nghing lch cht t. - cn kim tra tnh ton cho v lin kt s bu-lng cn thit ( sai st ny th-ng gp) c/- Cc lin kt mt bch khng kht hoc b cong vnh, khng

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chu lc - nu TVGS pht hin thy tnh trng ny cn yu cu gia c ngay - cc v tr mt bch th-ng l ngun gc pht sinh bin dng nhiu do p kht khe ni d-i tc dng ca lc p. iu ny khin cho tr tm bin dng nhiu lm pht sinh ni lc ph trong dm v c th gy nt b tng dm ang cng ho dn, cng nh- lm sai lch kch th-c v hnh dng kt cu BTCT chnh ca cu. 6.5.5.7. H phao ni, h neo trn sng Khi thi cng lao dm BTCT bng ph-ng php lao ni, ch ni, khi thi cng b tng bt y h mng- vng vy, khi b tng cc nhi v cc b phn thn tr - m u c th phi dng h phao ni. Khi thi cng c s dng h ni, phi kho st v thm d tr-c phm vi hot ng d-i n-c m bo su n-c d-i y h n ln hn 0,2m. Vn quan trng nht i vi h thng ni l an ton chng lt chm v tri khi c bo l hoc va x tu thuyn Tr-c khi s dng h ni lm vic trn mt sng, TVGS phi yu cu Nh thu c y thng tin v d bo thi tit thu vn trong thi gian tin hnh cng vic. Trong n bn v thi cng m Nh thu trnh np TVGS th-ng khng km theo bn tnh n nh v bn tnh h lin kt gia cc phao hay cc x lan thnh mt h ni chung. Gp tnh hung ny TVGS nht thit phi bt Nh thu b sung ti liu tnh ton v xem xt k ti liu ny d-i gc tun th mi yu cu ca "Quy trnh thit k cng trnh ph tr xy dng cu " m bo an ton cng phi kim tra k l-ng h neo, ti ko-th neo tr-c lc thi cng v th-ng xuyn hng ngy, c bit trong ma m-a l v khi thi cng gia sng m vn ang thng tu thuyn . Cn l-u rng cc ph-ng tin ni phi -c Cc ng kim cp giy php ng kim tr-c khi -a vo s dng ti cng tr-ng. 6.5.5.8. Thit b lao y, Cc thit b lao y ch lin quan n cu BTCT c y v hin nay th-ng -c nhp t n-c ngoi . TVGS cn kim tra cc Catalog km theo thit b v Giy chng nhn cht l-ng hp chun (Certificates) ,
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phng tr-ng hp nhp thit b c khng ng yu cu nh- ni dung "Hp ng thu cung cp". B thit b lao y th-ng bao gm cc i kch to lc y, cc thanh hoc cp truyn lc t kch y n im neo (trong ph-ng php koy), cc kch diu chnh chng lch h-ng ngang (t trn cc tr), cc ph kin khc nh- my bm du kch, h thng van v ng phn phi du kch. Cng tc lp th trn mt t v ti cng tr-ng ri vn hnh th khng ti l rt cn thit, khng th b qua tr-c khi c dm chnh thc TVGS cng cn kim tra giy chng nhn hoc kim tra kh nng thc t, kinh nghim iu khn thit b ca k s- v cng nhn vn hnh chnh ca thit b lao y 6.5.5.9. gio a/- Nguyn tc chung Cht l-ng b tng ti ch , c bit l kt cu nhp ph thuc nhiu vo cht l-ng gio. Sau khi kim tra h s thit k gio ca Nh thu (bao gm c bn tnh), TVGS cn ch gim st nhng mc sau : - cht l-ng v chnh xc ch to cc cu kin thp ca gio (dng dn hoc dng dm c) bao gm c mi ni. V cc Quy nh lin quan n kt cu thp xin xem phn ni v gim st kt cu thp. - lin kt gia gio vi nh tr tm, cc gi tm k c th bng thp, m g cng,v.v.. tu theo thit k nh-ng phi m bo chc chn, an ton v m bo rng cc chuyn v t do theo h-ng dc , theo h-ng ngang, chuyn v quay theo ng d kin v s tnh ton d kin trong bn tnh gio-tr tm. - vng ca gio d-i cc tnh hung ti trng khc nhau t tng dn n gim dn phi -c kim tra qua tnh ton v o c thc t lc th ti gio cng nh- trong sut qu trnh thi cng c b tng ti ch trn gio. vng gio phi m bo ph hp vng xy dng d kin ca kt cu nhp. - v tr , s l-ng v cch lp t, vn hnh cc chi tit dng h gio (kch, con nm, hp ct) hay iu chnh cao nh gio (cao vn khun y) cn phi -c kim tra trong n v trn thc t. - TVGS cn yu cu Nh thu d kin cc tnh hung xu c th xy ra v xut sn cc gii php khc phc.
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Trn y ch yu ni v cc gio c nh c b tng ti ch. Trong nhiu tr-ng hp Nh thu c th s dng cc kiu gio di dng treo, hoc gio di dng bn d-i dm (H thng MSS -c ding cu Thanh-tr) thi cng c hoc lp ghp kt cu nhp gm nhiu t. Cc kiu gio ny t hoc ch-a -c s dng n-c ta cho n nay. Tuy nhin nu gp kiu gio do n-c ngoi sn xut hoc do Nh thu trong n-c t ch to th cn l-u gim st k cc vn sau : - chnh xc v an ton ca b phn di chuyn ca gio ( kch, h thng ti mp cp, b chy, h thng in v iu khin ) - vng d-i cc cp ti khc nhau - n nh chng lt - th ti v th vn hnh ton b thit b tr-c khi hot ng chnh thc b/- Th ti gio Vic th ti gio l bt buc phi thc hin kim tra kh nng chu lc, trit tiu ln do d cc l bu-lng ca kt cu vn nng v bin dng ln ca nn mng tr tm. Ti trng th cho cc tr tm -c xc nh trn c s tnh ton mi t hp ti trng bt li nht v theo ng Quy trnh thit k cng trnh ph tm cho xy dng cu -c B GTVT ban hnh. Cn l-u l ti trng th phi t t nht 70% ti trng s dng v phi nguyn trong mt thi gian di theo tnh ton xut hin phn ln ln gio. 6.5.5.10. Gi lao dm cu Hin nay tn ti nhiu kiu gi lao dm cu do cc Nh thu t ch to trn c s tn dng cc cu kin thp cu sn c. V vy TVGS cn kim tra c th cho mi tr-ng hp p dng . Nhng ni dung kim tra ch yu l : - h s thit k v ch to ca gi lao dm ( bao gm c bn tnh ) - quy trnh cng ngh lao dm bng thit b ny, k c phn quy nh v cch lp dng thit b ny ti cng tr-ng ( Nh thu phi trnh np ) - kt qu th ti ln u tin , cc thng tin mi nht v nhng ln s dng gn y nht

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- trnh tay ngh ca cc k s- v cng nhn vn hnh thit b - s ph hp ca thit b ny vi cng tc lao dm trong iu kin c th ca D n. V d gi lao cu lao trn cu thng, nay em s dng lao cu trn -ng cong , th liu c vn g khng, cn phi b sung hoc gia c-ng nhng b phn no (trong nhng nm chin tranh c tr-ng hp gi lao dm khi i vo on -ng cong u cu -ng st Ph l-ng ). - cc hn ch ca b thit b v nhng cch khc phc . V d : loi gi lao cu ca LHCTGT-4 ch lao dc -c m khng sng ngang dm BTCT -c , nh- vy lao dc xong phi dng h kch t trn nh tr sng ngang cc dm BTCT vo ng v tr - kim tra an ton in v an ton cc b phn khc - khi di chuyn gi lao cu trn kt cu nhp va lp xong th cn phi ch gia c v lin kt tm thi cc dm BTCT ca nhp nh- th no cho an ton. Cn kim tra cc tnh ton ca Nh thu v s chun b thc t ca h lin quan n kh nng chu ti trng gi lao cu ca kt cu nhp trong cc tnh hung bt li khc nhau.V d phi kim tra vic k m t-vt trn mt dm v lm cc lin kt tm thi lin kt cc khi dm trong cng mt nhp vi nhau tr-c khi cho ga lao cu chy trn nhp . 6.5.5.11. Vn khun dm hp (c y hoc ch to c sn trn gio hay trn mt t ) Nhng vn lin quan n vn khun n gin -c trnh by k trong cc Tiu chun. Sau y ch ni v nhng c im ring ca dm hp c sn hay c y.Ni chung c khi hp th-ng gm 2 giai on: giai on 1 bao gm : lp dng vn khun, ct thp, b tng bn y hp v mt phn chiu cao ca cc thnh hp. Trong giai on 2 s lp vn khun, ct thp v b tng phn chiu cao cn li ca cc thnh hp v bn np hp. a/- Kim tra cao : Trong giai on 1 vn khun phi -c lp t ng cao thit k vi sai s khng qu 3 mm, chnh lch gia 2 u on c khng -c qu 2 mm.Cc im kim tra cao y vn khun c th xem trn hnh sau. Kt qu o ghi vo bng mu nh- sau: Mu Biu o kim tra cao vn khun khi dm hp tr-c khi BT giai on 1

14

im 1 o Mt ct cao sai s I-I II - II III - III

2 cao sai s cao

3 sai s

Cao thit k

Hnh 1: V d v cc v tr kim tra cao vn khun b tng giai on 1 ca dm hp Trong giai on 2, cc im kim tra cao y vn khun c th xem trn hnh sau. Kt qu o ghi vo bng mu nh- sau: Mu Biu o kim tra cao vn khun khi dm hp tr-c khi BT giai on 2 im o Mt ct A cao thit k cao o -c sai s B cao thit k cao o -c sai s C cao thit k I-I II - II III - III IV - IV V-V Ghi ch

15

cao o -c sai s D cao thit k cao o -c sai s

Hnh 2: cc v tr kim tra cao vn khun b tng giai on 2 ca dm hp b/- Kim tra chiu di, cc kch thc khc ca vn khun : Vic ghi chp kt qu o km tra cc kch th-c chung ca vn khun tr-c khi b tng t 1 ca dm hp c th lm theo biu mu sau Mu Biu o kim tra chiu di vn khun khi dm hp tr-c khi BT giai on 1 Mt ct o Chiu di thit k Chiu di o -c Sai s A B C D Ghi ch

Mu Biu o kim tra chiu di vn khun khi dm hp tr-c khi BT giai on 2 Mt ct Gi tr


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I-I

II - II

III III

IV - IV

V-V

Ghi ch

chiu k chiu -c sai s Bs - chiu TL k chiu -c sai s Bs - chiu HL k chiu -c sai s

di thit di o di thit di o di thit di o

Cc yu cu k thut, hng mc v ph-ng php kim tra cc CTTBPT trong qu trnh trin khai thi cng cu, -c quy nh theo bng sau. Tm tt cc yu cu kim tra Cng trnh v kt cu ph tm
Yu cu k thut 1. sai lch v v tr so vi n: i vi kt cu thp, theo mt bng, khng qu 30mm. i vi mi loi hnh kt cu, xin theo h-ng thng ng khng qu 0,0025. 2. sai lch v cao trnh ca kt cu g v kt cu thp, khng qu 50mm. 3. sai lch v -ng bao hnh hc ca dm v gi , khng qu +20mm v -10mm 4. song song ca -ng ln tr-t d-i khng sai trnh qu 25mm. 5. chnh cao Theo mt phng ca -ng ln ring r, khng qu 1mm. Theo hai im ta ln khng qu 2mm 6. chnh -ng knh cc con ln thp trn mt tr ta, khng qu 0,3mm. 7. lt kh ca phao ng kn khi th, gim i khng qu 0,1At i tng kim tra Tng kt cu nt nt nt Tng kt cu nt nt Tng con ln Tng phao Cch thc kim tra o bng th-c nt nt o bng my thu bnh. o bng th-c o bng my (cch 2m mt im o) o bng my (cch 1m mt im o). o bng th-c kp o bng ng h p lc th theo qui nh ng kim

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Cc yu cu k thut cn phi p ng trong gia cng ch to v lp t vn khun, khi l-ng cng tc kim tra nghim thu cng nh- cch thc kim tra, -c qui nh theo bng sau. Kt cu vn khun v cc bo m theo ng kch th-c ca cc b phn cu (c tnh n vng thi cng) nh trong bn v thit k. Tm tt yu cu kim tra vn khun
Yu cu k thut 1. Sai s cho php v v tr v kch th-c lp t vn khun tun theo Tiu chn Vit Nam v Tiu chun ngnh v kt cu b-tng v btng ct thp ton khi. 2. Sai s cho php v khong cch: Gia cc gi ta vn khun ca kt cu chu un v gia cc im lin kt ca kt cu b t thng ng so vi kch th-c thit k, l 25mmtheo 1m chiu di. Khng ln hn 75mm- theo ton di. Vnh phng trn mt phng thng ng hoc mt nghing ca vn khun theo thit k, gia cc -ng giao ct, l: 5mm- theo 1m chiu cao. 20mm- theo ton chiu cao ca mng. 10mm- theo ton chiu cao n 5m ca thn tr v ct. 3. Sai lch cho php v v tr tim vn khun so vi thit k l: 15mm- i vi mng 8mm- i vi thn tr v mng kiu ct kt cu thp. 4. Sai lch ca khung t kch vi -ng tim ca kch theo -ng thng ng: khng cho php c sai lch. 5. chnh cao ln nht cho php ca dm gnh khung t kch, l 10mm 6. cn cho php ca vn khun tr-t vi mi cnh bn l + 4 v -2 tnh theo 1 m chiu cao. 7. cn ng-c: khng cho php 8. Khong cch cho php gia kch v khung t (khng k tr-ng hp khong cch gia cc khung t tu ) l 10mm 9. Sai lch cho php v -ng tim: ca kch so vi -ng tim kt cu l 2mm. ca vn khun -c hon v hoc xp t li, so vi -ng tim ca cng trnh, l 10mm 10. Sai lch cho php v khong cch gia cc mt trong vn khun so vi kch th-c thit k, l 5mm i tng kim tra Mi kt cu vn khun, kim tra trong qu trnh lp. Tng khong cch Tng mt phng Cch thc kim tra o bng my kinh v, i chiu mc cao c v o bng th-c cun o bng th-c cun o bng th-c dt v dy di

Tng -ng tim

o bng th-c cun o bng th-c v th di o bng my thu bnh o bng th di nt o bng th-c cun nt nt o trn vn khun hoc sn phm kt cu u
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Tng -ng tim im kch hoc b t Cao mi dm gnh Tng vn khun tr-t nt Theo thit k Tng -ng tim nt Tng vn khun

thit k, l 5mm 11. g gh cc b cho php ca vn khun l 3mm. nt

phm kt cu u tin Quan st bn ngoi v kim tra bng th-c 2m.

6.5.6. Gim st h thng vt t- thit b d ng lc (cp, neo, ng,kch), vt t- thp cc loi v vt liu b tng (Khng k ct , xi mang, ph gia) Nhng vn gim st nguyn vt liu ( ct, , xi mng, ph gia ) thi cng b tng -c gii thiu trong Ch-ng mc ni v th nghim vt liu. V vy y s khng nhc li na. Cc vt t- d l nhp khu hay ch to trong n-c cng u phi -c Nh thu trnh h s th hin cc c tnh k thut v cht l-ng cho TVGS xem xt quyt nh c cho php dng hay khng. Hin nay c nhiu ngun cung cp khc nhau. Chng hn cp d ng lc loi tao xon 7 si c th -c ch to t Thi lan, Hn quc, Auxtralia , Nga, Trung quc , v.v.. .Cc Nh thu ny u sn sng cung cp tr-c cc Catalog, t chc Hi tho gii thiu sn phm. l nhng ngun thng tin ng gi m TVGS nn thu thp v yu cu cho gi. ngay nh- b tng t-i cng c th mua t cc Trm trn BT ca Cng ty xy dng ngnh GTVT cng nh- ca Cng ty Xy dng thuc ngnh Xy dng hoc thu li, hoc Cng ty qun i. Trong hon cnh a dng ngun cung cp th TVGS c nhiu iu kin chn la ngun cung cp c cht l-ng cao nht v gi thnh hp l nht (khng c ngha l r nht ). Bn cnh lng tin vo Ti liu t gii thiu ca Nh thu, TVGS vn cn lm cc th nghim kim chng d l t i v s l-ng. Khi kim tra chn la vt t- , TVGS phi i chiu cc tnh nng vt tnh mua vi cc yu cu k thut nu trong cc ti liu gi thu c tnh php l ca d n . Khng nh-ng b trnh cc rc ri v sau lm gim cht l-ng cng trnh. Sau khi TVGS quyt nh bng vn bn ri, nu do bin ng th tr-ng m Nh thu mun thay i dng vt t- khc v mua t ngun khc thi TVGS phi xem li t u. TVGS phi kim tra th-ng xuyn trn cng tr-ng trnh tnh trng Nh thu mua vt t- r tin dng ln ln chung vi cc vt t- c cht l-ng cao c quc t nhm gim chi ph. Tnh trng nhiu ln xy ra l : Nh thu thay i ngun mua ct ct thp gim chi ph v c th v n ch mua c qu nhiu , nay
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mun i mua ch khc li -c n tip. * Cc loi vt t- d ng lc hin nay trn th tr-ng n-c ta r nht l loi do hng OVM ca Trung -quc cung cp, ngoi ra cn hng VSL ( Thu s), Freyssinet ( Php), mt s hng khc ca Thi lan, Auxtralia, Nam Hn. Sau y l vi thng tin ngn v cc vt t- d ng lc cu vi hng n-c ngoi ( ti liu s chiu ln mn nh ti lp hc) Thit b cng ko : - Cng tc th nghim cc thit b phc v cng tc cng ko bao gm : Kch, b ni neo, kp neo cng nh- b cp DL phi -c tin hnh ng b. C quan th nghim phi c t- cch php nhn Nh n-c. 6.5.7. Gim st cng tc ch to v lp t ct thp th-ng v cc chi tit thp khc Trong mi ch-ng ca cc Tiu chun c lin quan n thi cng kt cu BTCT u -a ra nhng ch dn c th v t-ng t v cng tc ch to, lp t ct thp th-ng v cc chi tit thp khc vo trong vn khun tr-c khi b tng. V vy d-i y ch nu nhng im c bit lin quan n mt vi cng ngh mi ca vi nm gn y 6.5.7.1. Ct thp ca cc khoan nhi - khung ct thp ca cc khoan nhi phi -c hn lin kt thnh khung khng gian cng cu lp v th vo lng l khoan sn. Phi hn sn cc on ngn ct thp lm nhim v gi ng c ly trng gia khung ct thp v thnh ng vch thp. L-u mt li c th mc phi l nhm ln g gy ra thiu mt t khung ct thp,iu ny c th khin cho c khung ct thp ( c th nng n 15 Tn) chm tt vo trong hn hp b tng ch-a ho cng, lc p u cc s khng tm thy khung ct thp na , cc ny phi coi nh- b. - trong lng khung ct thp t cc ng nha ( th-ng l 4 ng D60 mm v 1 ng D100 mm) phc v cng tc thm d kim tra cht l-ng b tng cc nhi bng my d siu m hoc phng x v sa cha nu cn thit. - tr-ng hp c dng hp Ostenberg nh gi sc chu ti ca cc khoan nhi th thit b ny phi -c hn lin kt vi u d-i ca khung ct thp theo thit k c bit c th cho mi tr-ng hp ring. 6.5.7.2. Ct thp thng ca cc dm hp c hng

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- khung ct thp ca dm hp -c ch to theo cm v -c t vo trong vn khun treo ca thit b c di ng ( xe c hng) theo t-ng ng vi trnh t b tng hng -c thit k trong bn v thi cng. Ni chung trnh t th-ng gp nh- sau : ct thp bn y v ct thp thnh bn ca dm hp -c t tr-c tin, sau khi b tng bn y mi lp vn khun trong ca thnh hp v b tng thnh hp , sau lp t ct thp bn np v b tng bn np hp. - ni dung c bn ca cng tc gim st ct thp ch yu khng c g c bit, ch cn lun i chiu gia bn v v khung ct thp thc t cho ph hp v c ly, s l-ng, v tr v -ng knh . Nhng ch th-ng sai st l mi hn ni gia ct thp ca 2 t lin tip nhau b trng nhau qu 50 % trn mt mt ct, mi hn khng chiu di , chiu dy hoc c khuyt tt khng ngu. - cn l-u rng chiu dy thnh hp th-ng -c thit k thay i gim dn t pha st tr n pha gia nhp ( v d trn tr th thnh hp dy 65 cm , gia nhp ch dy 30 cm.). Nh- vy c ly gia 2 nhnh ct thp ai thng ng s b thay i dn nh-ng chiu dy tng b tng bo h th phi lun gi ng theo thit k. - trong nhng tr-ng hp m H s u thu ch-a ch r cc bn v ct thp chi tit, Nh thu phi t lp bn v ct thp chi tit. Khi trch nhim ca TVGS l phi xem xt k yu cu sa cho hp l tr-c khi duyt cho thi cng. TVGS nn l-u v nhng kinh nghim rt ra t cc s c nt nh cu Ph-L-ng, cu Gianh va qua c bin php tng c-ng ct thp hoc thay i -ng knh, c ly ct thp sao cho hp l ( xin xem thm cc bo co ca Hi ng KHCN B GTVT v Cc GQLCL v vn ny.) - nhiu chi tit thp ch phc v thi cng v khai thc lu di cn phi -c d tr tr-c v t sn trong vn khun tr-c khi b tng. Nh thu d sai st ch ny - nhng ch chu ng lc cc b cn -c ch hn l : khu vc t mu neo, cc chuyn h-ng cp d ng lc ngoi, cc l khot vch - trnh cc vt nt thng ng trong thnh hp do nhit to ra trong qu trnh thu ho v do co ngt khng u, TVGS c th xem xt tng ct thp cu to t nm ngang vi -ng knh 14-16 mm , c ly 20 cm trong thnh hp ca nhng t gn tr ( t c chiu cao ln n 5-6 m ). - gi ng v tr cc ng cha cp d ng lc, cn phi hn sn cc mu nh v vo dng v tr trn khung ct thp th-ng ca bn np, ca bn y hoc ca thnh hp. Cn c bit ch n ng cha cc cp d

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ng lc ngang v ch cn sai v tr 1-2 cm l c th gy hu qu xu , thm ch nt bn. 6.5.7.3. Lp t cc ng cha cp d ng lc, cc b phn phi t trc ca neo Cn kim tra v tr, s l-ng v chng loi ca cc ng cha cp t trong vn khun tr-c khi b tng. Kim tra cc chi tit nh v cc ng ny.Cc m neo, l so sau neo cng cn -c kim tra mt cch t-ng t. Nghim thu cng tc ct thp, gim st cht l-ng, khi l-ng v ph-ng php kim tra ct thp, thc hin theo quy nh trong bng sau
Yu cu k thut 1. Thi gian bo qun si thp CC, ct thp v cp thp ni che ph kn hoc trong nh kho-khng qu 1 nm. m khng kh- khng -c qu 75%. 2. sai lch cho php so vi thit k, tnh theo mm: Kch th-c bao ngoi ca s-n ct thp lin kt v l-i ct thp: i vi ct , dm, bn v vm, 10 i vi mng, 20 Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp ring r hoc cc hng ct thp vi nhau theo chiu cao: i vi kt cu c chiu dy trn 1m v kt cu mng, 20 i vi dm, vm, bn, c chiu dy (theo mm) Trn 300l 10. T 100 n 300, 5 n 100, 3 Khong cch gia cc ct ai ca dm v ct, gia cc lin kt ca s-n ct thp, l 10. Khong cch gia cc ct thp phn b trong mi hng, 25. nt nt nt nt nt nt nt nt i tng kim tra 100% ct thp CC Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra

Dng my o m

Tng s-n nt

Dng th-c o nt

nt Tng s-n

nt Tng th-c o

nt

nt

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V tr cc ct ai so vi trc kt cu (h-ng ng, h-ng ngang hoc xin), l 15. 3.Sai s cho php khi ch to, lp t v cng ko ct thp so vi tr s thit k: Chuyn v dc t-ng h u mt thanh ct thp, l 0,5mm cho mi 10m di ca b thanh. C-ng ko t u neo cc si thp CC-khng thp hn tr s ni lc ko ca si.

nt

nt

Tng thanh ct thp

o kim tra theo mu Lm th nghim ko t o kim

Kch thoc u neo, 0,2mm 4.Sai s (theo mm) khi kim tra chiu di ca hai u thanh chu ko: Theo nhm thanh, l 10.

Lm 6 mu kim tra tr-c khi thi cng. Lp li vic kim tra ny khi dng n 10.000 neo, trong tr-ng hp thay i khun c v sa cha thit b cp gi neo nt

o bng th-c cp com pa

Tng thanh ct thp Theo th t, l 30. 5.Sai s (theomm) v khong cch gia cc thp hoc thanh thp vi cc chi tit khc ca ct thp chu lc: Khi c li tnh theo thit k nh hn 60mm, l 5. Khi c li tnh theo thit k ln hn 60mm, l 10. 6.Sai s (theo mm) v v tr thit k ca neo ngm khi cng ko ct thp v cp thp trn b: mt u gn u dm, l 40 mt gia, gn u dm l 60. cc mt khc, i vi cc neo cn li, 200 (khi khong cch tnh nh nht gia cc neo l 100mm). Tng b phn kt cu nt

o bng th-c trn b cng hoc trn gi nt

Tng b phn kt cu

o bng th-c trn b cng hoc trn gi nt

Tng ct thp nt

nt o bng th-c

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gia cc neo l 100mm). 7.Sai s cho php khi kim tra chiu di L ca thanh ct thp (khong cch gia mt tr-t trong ca neo v u neo) l 0,001, trong phm vi + 50; -40mm. 8. knh ca mt ta (b cng trong phm vi t kch v neo, khng qu 1: 100

nt

nt

Tng kt cu neo

nt

Mi thng kim tra o trc tip t trn mt ln, khi ko trn b cng hoc trn gi b v khi ko sau trn khi b-tng mi nt lin kt 9. chnh xc ca im t kch khi cng ko nhm ct thp t-ng ng vi lc Tng im t kch o kim tra gc tc dng ng u l 10mm nghing v mt g gh theo mt phng ta 10.Cng tr-c cp thp xon hoc bn i, ko v-t 10% tr s ni lc kim tra, Tt c cp thp o bng th-c dt duy tr trong khong 30 pht. 11.Dung sai cho php (tnh theo %) v cc tr s cng ko ct thp bng kch(so vi ni lc kim tra): Ring r i vi ct thp cp thp, thanh hoc si thp khi ko Theo trnh t l 5 Theo nhm l 10 Chung tt c i vi ct thp, cp thp, thanh v si trong mt nhm, l 5. 12.Sai s v tr s dn di so vi thit k (theo %) Ring r i vi ct thp, cp thp, thanh v si thp, l 15 Trong mt nhm ct thp, cp thp, thanh v si, 10. 13. chnh sc khi o dn di n hi chu ko (theo mm) ca : Ct thp dc l 0,1 20% ct thp trong nhm Tng nhm Tng ct thp

Tng ct thp

o lc bng my o tn s hoc my o ng t-ng t o kim tra bng my p k v dn di nt nt

Tng nhm Tng thanh ct thp

o bng th-c dt nt

nt Ct thp ngang (ct ai) l 0,1 14.Tr s (%) cho php ca tng cc mt mt ng sut ko gy ra do ma st nt

o bng dng c c chnh xc t-ng ng nt

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mt mt ng sut ko gy ra do ma st kch v phn ngm ca neo. Vi neo kiu chn u c ng bc, l 5 (*) Ch khi xc nh ni lc kim tra o kim tra qua my p k v dn di bng my o tn s hoc my o ng t-ng t nt

Vi neo hnh cn, 10(*) 15.Thi hn cho php (tnh theo ngy m(**) h ct thp trong rnh, khng c bo v chng g, nh-ng ch-a -c phun p va bn trong (khi m khng kh ca mi tr-ng bn ngoi ln hn 75%) L 30, i vi thp si. L 15, i vi cp thp. L 30, i vi thp thanh(to d ng lc bng nhit ).

nt

Tt c cc ct thp nt nt

Kim tra thi gian theo ng k (s nht k thi cng) nt nt

(*) - Tr s ny c th -c xc nh qua th nghim. (**) - Cho php c thi hn cao hn quy nh ny ch trong tr-ng hp p dng gii php c bit bo v ct thp tm thi khi b g. D c p dng gii php bo v ct thp tm thi, nh-ng i vi tt c ct thp chu lc h trong rnh khng -c qu thi hn 3 thng. Ghi ch : 1. Cc ct thp dng si, cp v thanh nu c sai lch v tr s lc cng ko v-t qu gi tr quy nh trong bng ny, u phi cng ko li hoc thay th. 2. Cho php li trong kt cu khng qu 5% s l-ng ct thp trong tng s, s ct thp ny hoc ko qu n d-i 20% ni lc lm vic, hoc ko ch-a n ng sut chu ca - si thp . 3. trit tiu dn n hi ca ct thp, tin hnh to ni lc tr-c bng 20% ni lc kim tra trong ct thp

6.5.8. Gim st cng tc b tng: Trong mc 6.2. lit k cc Tiu chun lin quan n cng tc b tng. Sau y ch nhc li nhng vn c bit. 6.5.8.1. Thit k, th nghim, Kim tra v hiu chnh cp phi b tng Trong phn ni v cng tc gim st vt liu trnh by v thit k cp phi b tng. D-i y ch ni thm kin thc chung v nhng cp phi b tng c bit p ng cc yu cu cng ngh mi m TVGS phi nm vng.

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Mt s cng ngh b tng hin i -c p dng trong vi nm gn y n-c ta : - cng ngh b tng bm ( bm xa khong 300m ng thi bm ln cao khong 25m nh- cu Ph L-ng, cu Gianh ) - cng ngh b tng c ph gia siu do ko di thi gian ninh kt ( st ban u c th n 24 cm, st sau 60 pht c th vn cn 12 cm , chuyn ch b tng t-i i xa trong ma nng nng v n cng tr-ng vn bm -c b tng t-i d dng) - cng ngh b tng c ph gia siu do tng nhanh c-ng cao sm ( sau 3 ngy c th t 80%-90 % c-ng thit k ko cng cp d ng lc sm.) Cng ngh ny cn cho mi kt cu c hng, c y nhcu Ph-L-ng, Gianh, Tin-cu, An-d-ng, ung, Hm-rng, v.v.. .Cng ngh ny cng dng cho cc tr-ng hp dng vn khun tr-t,vn khun leo nh- thi cng ct thp cu treo dy xin M-thun.(sau 4 ting c th di chuyn tr-t vn khun ) - cng ngh b tng chy do dng cho b tng cc nhi vi su n 100 m , -ng knh cc n 2,5m nh- cu M-thun ( dng ph gia gc naphalin hoc gc polymer) - cng ngh b tng chng thm v chng n mn n-c bin cao ; dng cho cc mng tr cu vng ven bin ( dng ph gia microsilica , xi mng bn sun pht ) - cng ngh b tng m cn bng xe lu ( BT m ln) : dng cho thi cng p v nn -ng c khi l-ng ln, t xi mng v cn gim mc to nhit thu ho: dng cho p Bi-Th-ng ( dng ph gia ho do v ph gia cun kh ) - cng ngh b tng phun kh , p dng sa cha cu Ch Y , cu Tn-thun TP HCM, thi cng hm Nh my xi mng Nghi-sn. B tng phun ra dnh bm cht vi l-i ct thp v ho cng ngay trong khong 30-60 pht . Tt c cc loi b tng c bit ni trn ang ngy cng ph bin rng ri . TVGS cn kim tra cht ch cc th nghim trong Phng th nghim , th-ng xuyn kim tra o st hin tr-ng ca hn hp bo m tnh cng tc v kim tra c-ng mu th theo ng quy nh ca Tiu chun. Nhng sai st th-ng gp khi s dng cc hn hp b tng c bit ny l :

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- ang thi cng bnh th-ng , gp phi m trn mt st qu nhanh, Nh thu tic b tng nn c tnh s dng khin cho sau ny kt cu b r, rng c khi li ct thp ra ngoi. Gp tnh hung ny ,TVGS cn kin quyt loi b khng cho BT vo vn khun v ngay lp tc tm nguyn nhn khc phc .Cc nguyn nhn c th l : + s dng xi mng ri mi -a t Nh my XM v Trm trn bng xi-tc, rt ngay vo xi l ca Trm trn trong thi tit nng nng, nhit xi mng c th n c 50-60 C, ngoi ra ct v cng nng v -c trn ngay. cch khc phc l t-i n-c m h nhit ct liu xung d-i 30 tr-c khi dng, hoc chuyn sang thi im b tng vo ban m hoc sng sm . + thay i ngun cung cp xi mng hoc ct khng ng vi chng loi v ni cung cp m -c xc nh qua th nghim cp phi lc ban u. Nh thu c th lm vic ny v l do kinh t , v n nn. Khi cn th nghim li iu chnh cp phi v ph gia cho thch hp. + cch trn ph gia ho do khng ng. V d nu ct qu kh m trn ph gia vo n-c tr-c ri mi trn vi ct liu th ct liu kh ho n-c s hp th mt phn ph gia trong n-c nn ch cn t hm l-ng ph gia trong n-c tc dng ho hc vi xi mng khin cho hiu qu ca ph gia b gim nhiu. Cch gii quyt l trn tr-c mt phn n-c vi ct liu + ct, sau mi cho thm ph gia vo l-ng n-c cn li v trn cng vi hn hp gm c Ct, ,xi mng.( D n cu Bc giang) - c-ng BT tng qu chm, sau mt ngy, thm ch vi ngy m b tng vn ch-a ho cng. Tnh hung ny l do sai st v trn qu nhiu ( c khi gp i) hm l-ng ph gia ho do gc -ng. ( Cng nhn vn hnh ng qun ban m , bm nt trn ph gia 2 ln, hoc my o liu l-ng ph gia hng ) .Bnh th-ng ph gia ho do ch cn 0,2-0,3 % trng l-ng xi mng l . V d b tng cc nhi lc 9 gi ti , n 9 gi sng hm sau BT vn cn mm. Cch gii quyt l nh ch cho b tng ho cng ri dng my siu m v khoan mu kim tra c-ng xem c hay khng. Mt khc cn i chiu xem xt tnh hnh ho cng ca cc mu th b tng ly hin tr-ng Nu khng c-ng th phi p b hon ton. - nt b mt do co ngt , do nhit thu ho cao ( dng ph gia siu do t c-ng sm ) vi phn ng thu ho xy ra nhanh hn bnh th-ng d-i tc dng ca ph gia. Trong khi cng tc bo d-ng khng -c thc hin nghim ngt ng quy nh

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Ni chung nu ma rt , thi cng b tng vo ban m, nhit xung n d-i 13 th nn gim liu l-ng ph gia ho do so vi iu kin th nghim bnh th-ng. i vi hn hp b tng cc nhi, hm l-ng ct khng nn t hn 700 kg/m3 b tng m bo st cn thit. Khi xy ra cc s c, TVGS c th xem xt li v iu chnh cp phi cho ph hp cn c vo cc kt qu th nghim thc t ti hin tr-ng. 6.5.8.2. Gim st cng tc c sn cc cu kin ca dm, tr ,cc Ni dung c bn ca cng tc gim st b tng cu kin c sn l kim tra : - st hn hp b tng lc trn Trm trn v lc rt hn hp vo vn khun - sai s kch th-c hnh hc, - thi gian ninh kt bt u, thi gian kt thc ninh kt - c-ng b tng cc tui : 1 ngy , 3 ngy , 7 ngy, 28 ngy - tnh trng b mt khi d vn khun. Cn c bit ch kim tra chnh xc v cht l-ng b mt mi ni. V d : mt bch ca cc ng, mt tip gip ca cc t dm c sn vi nhau, v.v.. . Nu pht hin cc sai st khuyt tt nh- r t ong, st v, nt tc, nt b mt do co ngt, TVGS cn c bin php x l kp thi : V d dng va khng co ngt rt hoc bm lp l rng , dng keo gc epoxy hoc gc xi mng polyme ho trm v , v.v.. . Tr-c y m bo b tng t c-ng cao ng-i ta th-ng trn hn hp b tng vi t l N/X nh chng 0,4-0,42 , st t khong 6 cm. Nh- vy hn hp qu kh v khi r b tng th phi s dng rt nhiu m rung. V d dm cu 33 m ca cu Thng-Long -c c vi 52 m rung gn trn cnh v y vn khun. Ngy nay do s dng ph gia ho do v siu ho do nn st lc rt b tng vo vn khun c th ly vo khong 10-12 cm , nh- vy s l-ng m rung c th gim xung cn 12 ci nh- cng tr-ng cu Gi (Quc L 1). Vn khun cng n gin hn v lc rung by gi nh hn x-a. Cht l-ng dm -c nng cao.

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B mt vn khun tr-c y d-c bi trn bng du thi ca my thi cng nn b mt cu kin en xu. Ngy ny cc Nh thu u phi dng du chng dnh vn khun chuyn dng b mt cu kin BTCT trng p, nhn bng. Nh- vy TVGS cn nm -c cc cng ngh mi c bit l cc vt liu mi nh- cc loi ph gia cng dng khc nhau, cc loi va n , va xi mng polyme ,v.v.. . 6.5.8.3. Gim st cng tc BT di nc bt y vng vy ngn nc. Hin nay c hai cng ngh b tng d-i n-c -c p dng n-c ta l : - cng ngh rt ng thng ng - cng ngh va dng Ni dung cc cng ngh ny qun thuc nn khng nhc li trong ti liu ny. Cn l-u rng B GTVT ban hnh TCN v ph-ng php va dng. Cc ni dung cn ch khi gim st cng tc b tng d-i n-c ni chung l : - kim tra bn tnh v chiu dy lp b tng bt y cn thit, cng sut cc thit b trn v phn phi b tng , tin b tng - kim tra b tr chung ca cc thit b , ph-ng tin tham gia b tng bt y, c ly gia cc ng - kim tra s hot ng trn tru nhp nhng ca cc trang thit b : b phn pa-lng xich hay ti nng h ng rt b tng, s di chuyn thot d dng ca nt g bt u d-i ng - kim tra cp phi va mc d -c thit k v th nghim trong Phng th nghim - kim tra tnh vng chc ca h thng phao ni, gio tr tm trn h phao ni ,cc sn cng tc , gi treo ng b tng, cn cu -a hn hp b tng vo phu, v.v.. . - kim tra nng lc chuyn mn ca cc cng nhn v k s- Nh thu c lin quan

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- i vi tr-ng hp dng ph-ng php va dng, phi c kt qu kim tra ca th ln v bng phng ca lp ct liu v chnh xc b tr cc ng rt va dng ,v.v.. . tr-c khi quyt nh rt va vo cc phu ng. - trong qu trnh b tng d-i n-c phi m bo th-ng xuyn y hn hp b tng trong ton b chiu cao ng . Cc nguyn tc ny -c trnh by k trong iu 11.66 ca QT 166 Q. 6.5.8.4. Gim st cng tc BT cc khoan nhi Cng tc d b tng cc khoan nhi thc cht l b tng d-i n-c nh-ng trong phm vi hp ca din tch h khoan. Vn phc tp l cc h khoan c th su t 20m n 100m tu thit k c th. Hn na, c th phi b tng trong lp va st ca cc nhi. Do vy hn hp b tng cn c st cao (c 14-16 cm), hm l-ng ct nn t 700 kg tr ln, nht thit phi c ph gia ho do hoc siu ho do. Cht l-ng b tng cc khoan ph thuc ch yu vo cng tc chun b hn hp v bm rt hn hp . Cc ng nha -c t trong lng cc s gip cho cng tc d siu m hay phng x nh gi cht l-ng cc b tng TVGS cn kin quyt loi b cc m trn b tng no khng st theo thit k 6.5.8.5. Gim st cng tc BT khi ln ca mng v thn tr, m, Kh khn ca cng tc b tng khi ln l thi cng ko di, l-ng nhit to ra trong qu trnh thu ho rt ln, c th xy ra cc vt nt thng ng khi c cc khi ln theo mch ngng thi cng nm ngang , cng c th xy ra co ngt khng u gy nt. V vy cc mc m TVGS cn l-u l : - kim tra cc tnh ton ca Nh thu v tin v trnh t b tng theo kiu chia khi , cng sut cc thit b tham gia thi cng ( my trn , my bm, xe ch b tng ,v.v.. .).Ch sao cho cng ngh b tng phi trnh gy ra nhit l-ng qu ln - kim tra thnh phn cp phi - kim tra s sn sng hot ng tt ca cc thit b thc t trn cng tr-ng ( vn khun , gio, my m, cn cu, my trn BT, my bm BT - kim tra trnh nguy c r r n-c vo trong vng vy v kh nng bm ht n-c , c my bm d phng
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- khi b tng khi ln, Quy trnh cho php n hc , TVGS cn kim tra cht ch sao cho vic n hc ng theo quy nh ca Quy trnh. - kim tra vic chun b cac mch ngng thi cng v vic chun b b mt tip gip gia cc khi -c phn chia c BT ln l-t. Cc yu cu k thut cn phi tun th khi thi cng mng v m tr, khi l-ng cng tc v cch thc kim tra, -c qui nh theo bng sau. Tm tt yu cu kim tra cng tc b tng mng v m tr
Yu cu k thut 1. lch dch cho php: cc mp bin ca khi lp c sn lin k lm thn m tr l 5mm. 2. Sai s cho php: v chiu dy khe ni -t thn m tr, to thnh t cc mp ca khi lp, l 5mm. v -ng tim cc khi lp mng v m tr, lin kt bng cc khe ni -t l 5mm- theo chiu cao l 10mm theo cc kch th-c khc cn li 3. dy cho php ca mi ni thn m tr bng cc khi lp, vi mi ni l keo dn, tun theo im 4-5 ca bng 9. 4. Sai lch cho php ca cc -ng tim to thnh theo chiu cao kt cu m tr: Khi dng mi ni keo dn, tnh theo n v chiu cao H, l 1/250. Khi dng mi ni -t, khng ln hn 20mm 5. Hn hp b-tng dng vo lng m tr: thnh phn xi mng khng nhiu qu 350 kg/m3. T l N/X khng qu 0,5. Chiu dy ca mi lp ri khng ln hn 300mm 1. Sai s cho php v v tr tim kt cu: khi thi cng so vi -ng tim m tr theo mt bng o c trn ton mng i vi tim cc, cc ng, ct theo mt bng, cao trnh mt d-i i cc, l 30mm i vi tim tr , ct tr , cao trnh mt nh, l 5mm. 7. Sai s cho php v cao trnh thit k nh cc cc i tng kim tra Tng hai khi lin k La chn ch nghi ng La chn ch nghi ng Cch thc kim tra o bng th-c

nt o bng th-c

Xem im 4-5 bng 9 Tng thn m tr

Xem im 4-5 bng 9 Dng my kinh v v cao c quan st o bng th-c Kim tra t mu b-tng chn. nt o bng th-c nt

nt Tng tr m

nt nt Tu chn ch nghi ng

Tu chn ch nghi ng nt

o bng th-c nt
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nh cc cc (cc ng, cc ng, cc khoan) so vi mt d-i ca i cc, l 50mm 8. Khe h nh nht cho php: gia mt bn kt cu cc, ct tr vi mt bn ca l cha sn trn i cc, l 30mm.

nt

nt

6.5.8.5. Gim st cng tc BT khi c hng, c y Tr-c khi cho php c hng t dm u tin cng nh- mi t dm tip theo ln l-t, TVGS cn kim tra tng ni dung chnh sau: - kim tra cc tnh ton v thit k ca Nh thu v : + tin v trnh t b tng tng t c hng kt hp vi trnh t v cng ngh bo d-ng b tng, + trnh t tho d tng phn vn khun, ko cng cp d ng lc, + trnh t bm va, di chuyn thit b c tin ln chun b c t tip theo. - kim tra cng sut thc t v s sn sng hot ng tt ca cc thit b tham gia thi cng ( xe c ,vn khun , gio, my m, cn cu,my trn , my bm, xe ch b tng ,v.v.. .).Ch sao cho cng ngh b tng phi trnh gy ra nhit l-ng qu ln - kim tra vng chc, v tr chnh xc trong mt ng v mt bng ca h thng gio-vn khun , xe c xem iu chnh ng theo tnh ton ch-a. - kim tra thnh phn cp phi , ch n nh h-ng ca thi tit, nhit , nng gi, iu kin ban ngy hay ban m khi b tng. - v hn hp b tng c dng ph gia siu do nn TVGS phi th-ng xuyn kim tra v hiu chnh hm l-ng ph gia nu thy cn thit ,sao cho m bo tnh cng tc ca hn hp BT v c-ng BT cao sm. Thng th-ng th i vi t dm trn tr l t dm c khi l-ng ln ( n c xp x 90-120 m3 b tng ) nn dng loi ph gia siu do ko di thi gian ninh kt trnh l-ng nhit to ra qu nhanh v nhiu do phn ng thu ho xi mng din ra nhanh. Nh-ng i vi cc t dm khc th li nn dng loi ph gia siu do tng c-ng cao sm tng nhanh tin thi cng , sau 3 ngy c th ko cng cp d ng lc. Nu phi bm b tng i qu xa n hn 150 m v cao hn 20 m cn phi xt kh

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nng dng thm ph gia tr bm c bit, iu ny s cn c th nghim ti cng tr-ng m quyt nh. - tr-c khi c t u tin trn tr ca dm lin tc ,cn phi kim tra k h thng gi k tm thi , sau khi BT t c-ng v ko cng cc cp d ng lc thng ng lin kt tm thi dm vi tr, phi kim tra k cht l-ng thi cng cc cp ny m bo an ton tuyt i trong lc thi cng hng cc t dm khc. Nu gio m rng tr b bin dng s pht sinh vt nt thng ng trong t dm trn tr ny. - kim tra vic chun b cc mch ngng thi cng v vic chun b b mt tip gip gia cc t c b tng ln l-t. V d : phi t-i m n mc bo ho n-c cho ton b mt b tng t c t tr-c , c bit l bn np hp phi gi m trn din tch c chiu di t nht 1,0 m dc cu tr-c khi tin hnh b tng t tip theo. (Rt kinh nghim cu Gianh v cc vt nt ngang bn np hp ti mch ni gia cc t dm ). - ngay sau khi d vn khun thnh bn ca hp dm, TVGS cn ch kim tra pht hin sm cc vt nt co ngt v vt nt nhit x k kp thi - phi c bit kim tra cng tc bo d-ng b tng. Tt nht l yu cu Nh thu dng hn hp c bit gc silicat hoc gc paraphil bo d-ng b mt b tng.nu s dng n-c bo d-ng th phi m bo theo ng Quy trnh bo d-ng b tng. 6.5.8.6. Kim tra cng b tng Cc mu th b tng -c c v ly theo cc quy nh trong cc TCN. v TCVN t-ng ng vi mu khi vung 15x15x15 cm. Cc D n c vn n-c ngoi th-ng p dng Tiu chun n-c ngoi nh- AASHTO (Hoak), AS (Auxtralia), v.v. .. c th dng mu tr trn -ng knh 15 cm ,cao 30 cm.Ph-ng php th nn mu -c nu trong cc Tiu chun ni trn. Ngoi ra c th dng sng b tng v my siu m kim tra cht l-ng b tng.Cc im o siu m th-ng b tr 3 mt ct : u, gia v cui ca mi t dm. Trong mi mt ct s o : bn np hp, bn y hp, thnh hp hai pha th-ng l-u v h l-u nh- hnh v sau : Nhng yu cu k thut thi cng b-tng, khi l-ng v cch thc kim tra nghim thu cng tc b-tng, -c quy nh theo bng sau . Tm tt yu cu kim tra cng tc b tng

33

Yu cu k thut 1. Ti v tr , hn hp b-tng phi m bo st theo thit k v khng sai khc qu 15%, cn ch s cng khng sai lch qu 10% so vi thit k.

i tng kim tra Khng t hn 2 ln cho mt hn hp, hoc c 2gi kim tra 1 ln khi gp thi tit thay i, m thay i v khi thnh phn ct liu c bin ng. C 4 gi kim tra 1 ln vo ma ng; hoc 2 ln kim tra cho mt ca lm hn hp b-tng trong iu kin nhit khng kh thun tin.

Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra Kim tra theo TCVN 4453 - 1995 c cn c vo s nht k thi cng .

2. Nhit ca ct liu hn hp btng khng -c sai khc qu 20C so vi tr s tnh ton khi lm th nghim (n-c v thnh phn hn hp khi cho vo my trn, hn hp b-tng hoc va khi ra khi my, hn hp b-tng hoc va ti v tr .

Da vo nht k thi cng, dng nhit k o.

3. Chiu dy mi lp hn hp b- Tr s khng i trong qu trnh tng khng -c v-t qu tr s sau: 40cm - khi m cht trn bn rung, b-tng. rung hoc h rung n hi. 25cm - khi cch m cht nh- trn v nt kt cu c hnh dng phc tp, c ct thp b tr dy c. 5 n 10 cm - khi b tr u my m nt dc theo chiu di kt cu, my -c gn cht v t cng vo thnh bn kt cu. nt 40cm - khi m cht bng my m di cm tay. nt 25 cm - khi dng my m bn hoc my rung trn x i vi kt cu b-tng khng c ct thp v c mt lp ct thp. nt 12cm - i vi kt cu c 2 lp ct thp 4. Phn nh khi l-ng b-tng cho ton b kt cu nh- sau: Din tch mi khi - khng qu 50m2. Chiu cao khi - khng qu 2m B tr mi ni thi cng - nhng ch c tht hp. 5.Chiu cao (theo m) ri t do ca hn hp b-tng khng -c ln hn tr s: 2 - khi vo kt cu b-tng c ct thp. 1 - khi cu kin BTCT c sn.

o v quan st

nt nt nt nt nt

Cho tng kt cu nt

o v da vo nht k thi cng nt

Cho tng kt cu Tr s khng i nt

o v da vo nht k thi cng o v quan st nt

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6 - khi vo kt cu b-tng khng c ct thp, vi iu kin m bo ng nht ca b-tng v tnh nguyn vn ca vn khun.

nt

nt

6.5.9. Gim st cng tc lp t, cng ko cp v t neo, bm va lp lng ng cha cp Cng tc lp t , cng ko cp , t neo , bm va phi -c gim st theo ng tng b-c trong Quy trnh cng ngh m Nh thu son v trnh tr-c cho TVGS ph chun. Ng-i Gim st vin ti hin tr-ng cn ch cc mc sau : - tham kho Quy trnh 22TCN 247-98 v thi cng dm BTCT DL ca B GTVT - kim tra cc vn bn php l v kt qu th nghim v hiu chun cc thit b ko cng ( kch, my bm du kch, cc d-ng ng du v van ) - kim tra tnh sn sng v s ph hp gia nng lc thc t vi yu cu ca cc thit b : gi treo kch, kch ( k c kch d phng), my bm du, my bm va lp lng ng cha cp sau khi ko cng. - ti cng tr-ng nn c bng to ghi cng khai cc s liu dn di ca cp v p lc du ca tng kch trong sut cc giai on ca qu trnh tng dn lc kch cng cp mi ng-i cng theo di. Thng nht hiu lnh v lin lc gia 2 nhm cng nhn ang ko cng ng thi t 2 u ca cng mt cp. - phi t chc hun luyn li cho k s- v cng nhn tr-c mi ln ko cng mt kiu dm mi. Khng nn vin l do l cng nhn lnh ngh b qua vic hun luyn ny. - qu trnh cng cp phi theo ng Quy trnh -c duyt v -c hun luyn cho cc cng nhn. - kim tra cp phi va bm lp lng ng , nn c pha ph gia n v ph gia tr bm ( v d i vi cu Hin-L-ng ly cp phi sau : N/X = 0,36. X = 1456 kg; n-c = 525 lt; ph gia Sikament-R4 = 8,7 lt chim 0,6% trng l-ng xi mng ). Phi kim tra linh ng ca va, v d thi gian

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0,5 lt va chy trong ng tr -ng knh D = 62 mm qua l 5 mm l t = (20 - 24). s. Nhit th nghim 25 C. Xi mng trn va phi l xi mng -c sng t mn 0,5 - 1 mm l hp l.Phi ly mu th nghim c-ng va bm so snh vi mc va thit k. Ni chung mc va th-ng > 300 kG/cm2. - phi th tch n-c ca va bng cch sau ; 500 cc va vo ng th nghim yn trong 3 gi, l-ng n-c tch ra khi va khng qu 2 % Cng ko b thp DL : - Tr-c khi cng ko b thp DUL phi c y s liu th nghim v c-ng b tng. TVGS phi kim tra cc s liu v mu p b tng c bit l mu p tui 3 ngy bo m R3 80% ca R28. - Trnh t cng ko cc b thp DUL tun theo quy nh ca thit k (s trnh t cng ko cc b cp c-ng cao). Qu trnh cng ko theo nguyn tc tng dn cp lc : 0 0,2 NK 0,5 NK 0,8 NK ( 1 1,05 ) NK ( gi ti trng trong 5 pht ) NK ( ng neo ). Trong NK l lc ko thit k ca b thp DUL. - Bin bn nghim thu cng tc cng ko -c ghi chp theo mu Bm va lp lng : - i vi cng tc bm va lp lng b thp DL v c bn tun theo cc iu ca 22 TCN 248-98 - bm va sau khi cng cp nhiu nht l 24 gi. My bm phi c p lc > 10 kG/cm2. Trong qu trnh bm cn kim tra p lc va bm , nn khng ch mc khong 6 - 7 kG/cm2. Kim tra vic ng nt khi va ra khi u bn kia ca ng cha cp, cn duy tr lc p 6 kG/cm2 trong khong 5 pht na. Va trn xong phi bm ngay trong vng 30 pht. Va trong thng cha ca my bm phi -c quy lin tc khng b lng, khi va vo thng phi lc va lc bm trnh tc ng - Nu khi bm va b tc th phi x l khoan l theo chiu di on ng m ch-a -c lp va y.Sau bm va t l u tin choi n khi va phun ra ngoi l tip theo th ng nt l v bm tip cho n khi va lp kn lng ng. - Hin nay cc cu n-c ta th-ng dng 2 loi ph gia chova bm lp ng cha cp l Intraplast-Z v Sikament NN

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- Bin bn nghim thu cng tc bm va -c ghi chp theo mu ph lc. - i vi cc ng nha cha cp d ng lc ngoi, phi kim tra k mi ni cc on ng sau khi chng -c hn ni vi nhau kn kht. Kim tra vng chc v khong cch gia cc gi treo nh v cc ng ny trong lng hp. - khi cng cp phi theo di k v o c vng ang tng ln dn dn ca kt cu ( v d dm gin n ang vng ln v tch dn khi vn khuun y), cn so snh vi vng d kin ca n thit k v ca cc dm khc hay ca cc t dn khc c tr-c . - kim tra pht hin kp thi cc vt nt ngang pha trn cc mt ct on u dm, vt nt dc theo -ng cp do nn qu mnh, vt nt khu vc xung quanh mu neo. c nhng tr-ng hp khi b tng dm b r , nt v khi bm va vo ng th va xi mng ngm ra ngoi b mt b tng ca dm.( cu Ph L-ng, ). - c nhiu tr-ng hp m sau khi ko cng ht cp n lc cng ng nhthit k ,dm vn khng t -c vng d kin. Khi cn xem li ton b cng tc chun b , th nghim hie chun kch, ng h o p lc du, mc b tng thc t, loi ct liu th ( dm c c-ng khc nhau tu theo mua t ngun cung cp no). V d v biu mu theo di nh- sau: Biu mu theo di lc cng cp d ng lc Cp lc Lc cng kN Ch s ng h kch u tri ca cp (MPa) Ch s ng h kch u phi ca cp (MPa) 0,2 Nk 0,5 Nk 1,02 Nk 1,05 Nk Ghi ch

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Biu mu theo di lc cng cp d ng lc Th t b cp -c cng ko dn di ca cp ( mm ) tr s o tr s sai s ( % ) -c Ghi ch

- khi b tng bt u neo phi m bo cho b tng ny lin kt tt vi b tng c Nhng yu cu k thut khi thi cng phun p v lp y trong ng rnh, khi l-ng cng vic kim tra nghim thu cng nh- ph-ng php v cch thc kim tra, -c qui nh theo bng 11. Tm tt yu cu kim tra nghim thu cng tc phun p va
Yu cu k thut i tng kim tra Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra

1. Cc ch tiu c tr-ng ca va bm a) Tnh l-u ng: ngay sau khi va sn Khi c s thay i Theo TCVN, kim tra kp th iu kin qua mu 10x10x10cm xut ra, l 40 2 giy. vt liu v cng Va sn xut ra sau 60 pht, l 80 5 ngh bm b) co ngt (gim th tch) khng qu nt Theo TCVN 2% c) C-ng t -c sau 7 ngy khng Kim tra trn mu nn nh hn 20 MPa (200 kgl/cm2) v sau 28 th 10x10x10cm 2 ngy, khng nh hn 30 MPa (300 kgl/cm ) (theo TCVN) 2. Vt liu va bm: a) Xi mng poclng (lm b-tng cu Khi phi trn vt Kim tra theo TCVN cng) mc 400 hoc cao hn. liu b) Cht ph gia ho do nt nt V kt qu trong phng th nghim 3. Cng ngh phun p: a) p lc lm vic ca my bm va 0,5Trong qu trnh Qua my p lc k 1 MPa (5-10 kgl/cm2) bm b) tc lp y va vo ng rnh nt Theo di tng gi khng ln qu 3m/pht Trong qu trnh Kim tra bng p lc c) nn p va trong ng 0,6 0,05 MPa 2 bm k (6 0,5 kgl/cm ) nt Quan st trn ng h d) thi gian nn p, 5 2 pht e) -ng knh l u vi bm khng Tr-c khi bt u o bng th-c cp nh hn 14mm thi cng g) -ng knh l u neo hoc kt cu nt nt tip nhn va bm vo, khng nh hn 16mm.

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4. Vt liu b-tng (va) dng lp y rnh h: Xi mng poclng mc 500 hoc cao hn 5. tch n-c ca b-tng (va) trong 24 gi khng ln hn 2% th tch

Khi la chn thnh phn btng hoc va nt

Theo TCVN Theo TCVN

Ghi ch: Tr-ng hp ng rnh bng kim loi hoc bng nha tng hp, vic phun p v lp y va c t l N/X ln hn 0,4 -c tin hnh bt k ma kh hu trong nm.

6.5.10. Gim st tho lp v cn chnh b thit b c v vn khun di ng Cng tc cn chnh b thit b xe c v vn khun di ng tr-c khi c mi t dm BTCT i hi nhng tnh ton c bit v l mt trong cc b quyt k thut ca mi Nh thu. TVGS cn theo di cht ch v h-ng dn b phn o c nh v ca ring TVGS thc hin cc kim tra c lp v v tr trn mt ng v mt bng ca cc im nh v vn khun. Ni chung , mi t dm c hng c 3 mc nh v trn mt mt ct ngang u t v 3 mc t-ng ng trn vn khun. Quyt nh cui cng v nh v vn khun khng nhng ch da trn tnh ton xt mi nh h-ng n vng ( nh- tui b tng, mc b tng thc t, tr s lc cng cp, t bin, co ngt, v.v.. . ) m cn cn c vo kinh nghim ca k s- Nh thu v c xt iu kin nhit , m, nh nng lc b tng, v c im c th ca thit b ang -c s dng. Tr-c khi iu chnh vn khun , TVGS yu cu Nh thu trnh np cc tham s d kin iu chnh. 6.5.11.Gim st thi cng khi hp long Khi hp long tuy ngn (1-3 m) v khi l-ng b tng t nh-ng c nh h-ng rt quyt nh n cht l-ng cng trnh nn TVGS phi c bit ch cc mc sau : - kim tra vng thc t ca 2 u 2 cng-xon vo thi im hp long, c th kim tra sut trong nhiu ngy cn c cng Nh thu chn ng ngy v gi , nhit thch hp cho cng tc hp long. - kim tra cc tnh ton t-ng ng ca Nh thu v ti trng, s tnh ton, ni lc v vng ca cc t v ca cc u mt hng khi hp long.
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- kim tra thit k v thi cng lp vn khun, trnh t b tng bn y, cc thnh hp v bn np. Ch vic chun b t-i m n bo ho n-c cho cc b mt tip gap b tng c- mi. - kim tra vic chun b cc thit b, thanh thp chng nm ngang v mi thit b phc v vic ko cng s b cc cp nh v ni gia 2 u mt hng. - kim tra cng tc bo d-ng v thi im ko cng cc b cp chu m men d-ng trong lng hp , cng tc bm va lp lng ng theo ng Quy trnh cng ngh. - i vi cc cp d ng lc ngoi, cn phi kim tra thm cc v tr c chuyn h-ng, neo ni ln khi mt trong lng hp , cc vch ngang ni m cp ny i xuyn qua 6.5.12. Gim st lao dm BTCT ( lao dc , lao ngang, ch ni,) 6.5.12.1. Cng tc gim st thi cng lao dc dm c y Ni dung gim st cht l-ng cc kt cu ph tm phc v c y -c trnh by mc khc. D-i y ch ni v gim st cng tc y dm a/- Nguyn tc chung Tr-c khi y dm phi kim tra ton b cc kt cu ph tm (b c, -ng tr-t, tr-t, mi dn), kim tra s sn sng ca cc thit b y, thit b tr-t v cc thit b o c, h thng cp in, my bm. Cc tm tr-t phi -c kim tra mi mt , c b dy ng nht cho mi tr-t. K s- v cng nhn phi -c hun luyn v cng ngh v an ton lao ng tr-c khi bt u y dm. Qu trnh y dm phi m bo din ra u n , khng b git cc , tt c cc tr-t u phi -c theo di kim tra sao cho bo m cc thao tc -a vo v rt ra cc tm tr-t ng quy nh, cc tm tr-t khng b h- hng b/- Cc ni dung cn o c Cn o c kim tra v x l kp thi v cc tham s chnh nh- sau : - tr s lc kch y dm trong qu trinh lao y

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- s chuyn ng theo ng h-ng dc, khng b lch ngang ( o lch tm) - vng u mi dn - theo di tr s phn lc trn cc tr-t - dch v dc cu v ngang cu ca cc nh tr - bin dng ca thn cc tr cao trong qu trnh y dc ( ti mt ct nh b ) - tc di chuyn dc ca dm - din bin ca m rng cc vt nt ( nu c) - ng sut trong cc cp ni tm thi gia mi dn v t th nht ca dm BTCT - chnh lch vng gia 2 u ca 2 nhnh dm I ca mi dn - o c kim tra s chuyn dch ca mi ni gia cc t dm c/- Cch o ng sut Cn phi o kim tra ng sut b tng th trn cng ( trn mt bn np hp ) v th d-i ( trn mt bn y hp, trong lng hp) ca cc mt ct quan trng trong sut qu trnh y dm. Ti mi ch s o 2 im i xng nhau ( pha th-ng l-u v pha h l-u) .Cc mt ct ny l ch tip gip cc t c hoc ni c tr s m men ( m hay d-ng) ln nht. Nhng tr s o -c phi ghi trong biu mu c km theo tr s tnh tr-c theo l thuyt so snh v rt ra sai s . K s- TVGS cn lin tc theo di cc kt qu o ny phn tch kp thi pht hin cc vn khng bnh th-ng v ra quyt nh x l ngay , thm ch dng thi cng gii quyt d/- Cch o chuyn dch khe ni gia cc t dm Ti cc khe ni ny cn phi t ng h chuyn v o chuyn v gia t dm th (n-2) vi t th (n-1) v khe ni gia t th (n-1) vi t th (n), khe ni gia t th- 1 vi mi dn.Mi v tr mt ct khe ni o 2 im i xng nhau ( th-ng l-u v h l-u) trn nh bn np hp v 2 im i xng nhau trn nh bn y hp ( trong lng hp ). Biu mu ghi kt qu nh- sau :

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Biu mu o dch chuyn cc khe ni im o C2 Bn np Th.l-u Bn np H.l-u C2 Bn y Th.l-u Bn y H.l-u C3 Bn np Th.l-u Bn np H.l-u C3 Bn y Th.l-u Bn y H.l-u C1 Bn np Th.l-u Bn np H.l-u dch chuyn khe ni khi y dm ( mm. 10-2 ) 0 - 1,5 1,5 19,5 - 21 0 - 21 Ghi 19,5 ch

e/- Cch o lch tm ca khi dm khi y Trong qu trnh y dm, 2 kch c lc hot ng khng u nhau, u mi dn s di chuyn theo -ng dch dc. TVGS cn theo di kim tra v yu cu Nh thu iu chnh kch kp thi cui cng th c dm nm ng theo tim cu thit k. S o nh- hnh v sau. Kt qu -c ghi theo biu mu d-i y: Biu mu o lch tm khi dm khi y Giai on tr-c khi y Tr s ln nht trong khi y sau khi y a1 ( mm) a2 ( mm) a3 ( mm) Ghi ch

g/- Cch o dch v nh tr khi y dm

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Tr s dch v cho php ca nh tr -c tnh ton c th tr-c khi thi cng, cn c v ph-ng php y v thit b y, cu to c th ca kt cu dm v m tr. TVGS s yu cu Nh thu trnh bn tnh v thuyt minh v vn ny nh- mt ni dung trong Quy trnh cng ngh thi cng ( V d cu Hin-l-ng l 2,5 mm).Trong sut qu trnh y phi t my o kim sot tr s ny. h/- Cch kim tra bin dng ko ca thn tr cao khi y dm t 4 ng h o bin dng chn tr , ghi kt qu theo biu mu sau: Biu mu o lch tm khi dm khi y V tr I - Th.l-u I - H l-u II - Th.l-u II - H l-u i/- Cch o lc kch y dm Vic o c da trn tr s ng h p lc du kch v cc h s ma st chung trong kch m do th nghim hiu chun kch -a ra. . V d cu Hin-l-ng, khi y t K9, ng h p lc ln nht lc khi ng P = 80-120 kG/cm2. T-ng ng vi lc kch bng = 100 kG/cm2 x 2 kch x 2 pistong x 615,75 cm2 = 246,3 Tn. H s ma st chung ton dm bao gm ma st gia kch v thanh ko, gia kch vi sn cng tc, gia xy lanh vi piston ca kch ly l 0,79. 6.5.12.2. Cng tc gim st thi cng lao dc dm gin n c sn Gi lao cu kiu 3 chn, h thng gi long mn v cn cu vn nng dng trong lao cu cn phi -c kim tra hot ng th c ti tr-c khi chnh thc s dng cho mt cu mi ( sau khi lp dng xong chng ti cng tr-ng). Cc thit b ph sau y phi -c kim tra an ton v c-ng cng nhv bin dng tr-c lc s dng : - n gnh cu dm - h thng ti, mp , cp , mc cu dm. A/ Vic lao lp kt cu nhp Bin dng chn tr chu ko khi y dm ( mm ) 0- 4,5 4,5 - 9 6 - 15 21 Ghi ch

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Khi nng, h v di chuyn kt cu nhp (dm) phi: - m bo sao cho qu trnh nng v h theo ph-ng thng ng; khng -c dng ti ng thi no cng kt cu; - m bo khe h gia mt d-i ca kt cu lp t vi nh ray hoc mt t khng nh hn 0,2m; - m bo sao cho cn vi ch hot ng trong phm vi nh tr-c ca n BVTC. Tr-c khi tin hnh lp t kt cu nhp v cc dm ring r bng gi lao cu kiu hng chy trn -ng ray qua cc tr , phi: a) Kim tra tr-c nn -ng p cho my qua li, tnh trng -ng, c-ng bn v n nh vn c ca kt cu cn lp t, v quan st phm vi gii hn bi cc kin trc xung quanh my cu nng ti c th -a lt vo; b) m bo sao cho vic qua li ca my cu trn cc -ng ray k tip nhau m khng b st mt in p trong l-i in cung cp. Trnh t di chuyn cn cu cc loi trn cng tr-ng lp t kt cu nhp phi -c xc nh tr-c trong h s BVTC. Trong tr-ng hp cng mt lc dng hai cn cu vi tin hnh mt cng vic, cn thc hin mt cch nghim ngt cc qui nh ca BVTC, d-i s ch o thng nht ca ng-i chu trch nhim v an ton lao ng trn cng tr-ng. Trong h s BVTC phi xc nh r trnh t vn hnh (nng cu, thay i chiu cao, gc quay) cho mi cn cu vi, s cp treo v -ng di chuyn c xt n ti trng trn my cu v sc nng ti. Cc yu cu k thut cn tun th trong thi cng lp t kt cu nhp, khi v cch thc kim tra theo qui nh trong bng sau. Tm tt yu cu kim tra cng tc lao lp dm
Yu cu k thut 1. Tim dc theo mt bng ca kt cu nhp (hoc dm) -ng st so vi -ng tim ca mng o c, l 10mm. 2. Nh- trn, nh-ng kt cu nhp (hoc dm) -ng b, l 0,0005 L (L- chiu di nhp) nh-ng khng ln hn 50mm. i tng kim tra Mi phin dm v kt cu nhp Cch thc kim tra o bng my kinh v da vo mng tam gic c nt
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nt

nh-ng khng ln hn 50mm. 3. Nh- trn, nhng kt cu nhp bng g, l 20mm. 4. -ng tim dm thi cng lp t trn kt cu nhp l 15mm.

nt nt

nt nt

b/ Vic nng v h kt cu nhp. Vic nng v h kt cu nhp bng h thng kch, bng cc loi my nng y hoc h bng cc hp ct, -c p dng trong iu kin khng th dng cn cu mt cch thun li -c. Khi nng kt cu nhp phi bo m t- th lun n nh v ti trng phn b trn mi my nng lun ng u trn im ta. Khi nng (h) kt cu nhp bng h thng kch phi kim tra n nh ca kt cu trong tr-ng hp chu tc ng ng thi ca ti trng ngang do lc gi v s gia tng t-ng h ca im ta, gia tng ny -c tnh bng 0,01 tr s khong cch gia im ta. i vi cc im ta nhp dm BTCT, phi gi gn sao cho phn b-tng trn mt tr khi b h- hng. Qu trnh nng (h) kt cu nhp trn h thng kch thu lc, cho php: - nghing lch ca kch khng v-t qu 0,005 tr s chiu rng b k; - Hnh trnh t do ca pit-tng (khng t nc hm) khng qu 15mm; - Nng (h) kt cu nhp ng thi khng qu 2 im gn lin nhau; - chnh cao cc gi ta nng (h) kt cu nhp theo h-ng dc v h-ng ngang khng ln hn 0,005 tr s khong cch cc gi ta khi dng kch nng v khng ln hn 0,001- khi dng pa-lng xch. Khi phi h kt cu nhp t cao ln hn hoc bng 2m, nu khng th p dng h thng cn cu -c th nn dng cc hp ct hnh tr trn. Trong tr-ng hp , phi dng cc gii php bo m tnh n nh ca hp ct khi xy ra ti trng gi ngang cng nh- khi dm b nghing lch. 6.5.12.3. Cng tc gim st thi cng lao ngang kt cu BTCT Ngoi nhng vn ging nh- khi lao dc , i vi cng tc lao ngang cn ch thm cc vn sau ;

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- kim tra h thng -ng tr-t ngang, con ln,xe ra, kch y tr-t ngang, kh nng tho d tng phn ca cc trang b ny ph hp vi tin h tng dm xung gi Nhng yu cu k thut khi lao ko dc v sng ngang cc nhp cu BTCT khi l-ng cng vic v cc ph-ng php kim tra gim st thi cng, -c tm tt theo bng sau Tm tt yu cu kim tra kt qu lao dc v sng ngang dm
Yu cu k thut i tng kim tra Mi nhp dm Phng php kim tra Dng my kinh v v o bng th-c.

1. sai lch cho php -ng tim nhp cu lao ra so vi thit k khng ln hn 50mm. 2. lch dch cho php mt u nhp dm so vi u kia khi sng ngang, khng ln hn 0,001 chiu di ca nhp 3. Dung sai cho php (theo mm) khi b tr tm m trn nhn trong kt cu tr-t khng ln hn cc tr s sau:
50 - i vi khe h ca cc tm m lin k theo chiu di nhp. 2 - i vi hu s chnh v dy ca tm m. 10 - i vi chuyn dch t-ng i ca -ng tim thit b ln. 4. Hiu s cho php (theo mm) v cao trnh ca thit b sng ln trn mi tr nh- sau: Khng ln hn 2, khi nng kt cu nhp thay tm m. Khng ln hn 2, i vi cao trnh ca thit b sng ln trn mt tr 5, sai s so vi cao trnh thit k.

nt

nt

Tng tm m nt nt Trn cc tr nt nt

o bng th-c nt nt nt nt Dng my kinh v

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6.5.12.4. Cng tc gim st thi cng ch ni kt cu BTCT Ngoi nhng vn ging nh- khi lao dc , i vi cng tc lao ni kt cu nhp hoc ch ni ging chm , v.v... cn ch thm cc vn sau : - kim tra n nh lt dc hoc lt ngang ca ton b h thng thit b ni, kh nng quay tr ca chng khi vn hnh, an ton h thng neo. - kim tra mn n-c khi c ti v khng ti , kh nng tip cn b sng v m tr m khng b mc cn. - nh h-ng qua li gia cc thit b ni v tu thuyn ang i li trn sng - nng lc th-c t ca ca-n lai dt h thit b ni - kt qu hun luyn k s- v cng nhn tr-c khi bt u thi cng. - cc trang thit b an ton ca ph-ng tin ni theo quy nh ca ng kim Vit nam 6.5.13. Gim st lp hng cu BTCT ( vn chuyn, cu lp, dn keo, thi cng mi ni ) 6.5.13.1. Kim tra cc t dm ti cng trng trc khi lp ghp Sau khi -c -a n cng tr-ng ch lp ghp ln ng v tr trong nhp, cc t dm phi -c kim tra mt ln na theo mi ni dung m Quy trnh thi cng yu cu ging nh- lm tr-c khi xut x-ng. TVGS cn ch nhiu n cc b mt tip gip gia cc t, cc sai s hnh hc ca khi c sn. V tr v -ng knh cc l ng cha cp ca hai t dm lin tip nhau c ph hp vi nhau hay khng. Cp phi , cht l-ng keo dn, cng ngh dn phi -c kim tra th tr-c trong Phng th nghim v ngay ti iu kin nng, gi, m , nhit ngoi tri ca cng tr-ng. 6.5.13.2. Kim tra lc lp hng Thit b phc v lp hng phi -c kim tra tr-c mi ln lp mt t dm mi v v tr hnh hc trn mt ng v trn mt bng, bin dng v cc khuyt tt kt cu, v an ton chng lt v tr-t, bn lin kt thit b vi t dm lp tr-c .

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TVGS cn th-ng xuyn theo di cao v dao ng ca cc t dm trong qu trnh lp hng. C nhiu kiu mi ni gia cc t lp ghp : mi ni kh, mi ni -t c hn ct thp ri b tng, mi ni -t c va , mi ni keo dn, mi ni c cp d ng lc. i vi mi loi mi ni u phi kim tra chnh xc v bn, co nn khe ni. Ring i vi mi ni keo dn, cn c bit ch qu trnh pha ch keo, bi keo cho u , dy v p dn khe ni bng d ng lc. Yu cu k thut thc hin cc mi ni thi cng cu, khi l-ng v ph-ng php hoc cch thc kim tra nghim thu trong qu trnh thi cng, -c qui nh theo bng sau. Tm tt yu cu kim tra nghim thu cc mi ni thi cng cu
Yu cu k thut 1. sai lch cho php v v tr t-ng quan cc cu kin BTCT c sn, lin kt bng mi ni va b-tng: a) Sai lch mp ngoi ca cc cu kin ni gn nhau: 5mm b) Nghing lch ca -ng tim tr ng c chiu cao H (m) so vi v tr thit k mt ct nh tr: Khi H < 4,5m, l 10mm H = 4,5m 15m, l 15 H > 15m, l 0,001 H nh-ng khng ln hn 35mm c) Sai lch vcao trnh nh tr, ct ng, tr khung l 10mm d) Sai s v chiu dy khe ni gia cc cu kin c sn: Vi khe ni hp, dy t 20 n 30mm l 10mm. Vi khe ni rng, dy t 70mm tr ln, l 20mm 2. Dung sai cho php v cc ch tiu hn hp b-tng v va lm mi ni: a) T l n-c: xi mng vi hn hp b-tng l 0,35-0,5 vi va, khng ln hn 0,45 b) st Cc tr ng nt nt Cc kt cu Cc khe ni o kim tra bng my kinh v hoc th di. nt nt o my thu bnh o bng th-c dt i tng kim tra Phng php hoc cch thc kim tra

Cc lin kt

o bng th-c dt, my kinh v hoc th di.

nt 100%

nt Kim tra theo TCVN

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vi hn hp b-tng l 4-5 cm vi va, khng ln hn 8 cm 3. C-ng cho php ca b-tng v va khi lm mi ni; a) Trong thi gian nn p trong khun dn khi lin kt tm thi v tho d vn khun, khng nh hn 15 Mpa (150 kgl/cm2). b) Tr-c khi tho d ti trng thi cng hoc ti trng khai thc, c-ng phi t t-ng ng tr s qui nh ca thit k i vi tng giai on thi cng 4. Cc ch tiu cho php v lin kt cc cu kin c sn bng keo: a) i vi mi ni dn keo cht kht c chiu dy trung bnh (chn khng t hn 4 im o theo chu vi mi ni) khng -c ln hn 3mm. Chiu dy ln nht ca mi ni keo nhng im o cc b theo chu vi, cho php khng ln hn 5mm. b) Mduyn n hi ca keo 1500 MPa (15000 kgl/cm2). c) H s Potsng 0,25 1. l-u ho ca keo (tnh theo gi): Theo cng ngh (thi gian bi keo ln b mt cn dn), khng t hn 1 gi.

nt

nt

Tng mi ni

Quan st, kim tra bng th-c cp hoc th-c dt chnh xc.

Tng m phi trn keo nt Tng t 20 pht mt ln

Theo tnh ho cng (thi gian cu kin c th dnh cht vo nhau khi p) khng t hn Tng t qua mi 4 gi gi

Quan st, kim tra mu 2x2x8 cm khi tng ng sut 0,2-0,4 MPa/s nt Quan st, kim tra s sut hin dng chy t qung ca keo khi nhng a thu tinh hay inh vo . Quan st, kim tra dnh bm ca keo qua gng tay

6.5.14. Gim st c y cu BTCT 6.5.14.1. Kim tra ch lm vic ca thit b trc khi y Tr-c khi y phi kim tra mi thit b kch y , h thng bm du v ng dn du vo kch, h thng tr-t, sn cng tc ,h thng dn h-ng trong tnh trng chy khng ti Cc chng ch th nghim v hiu chun thit b phi -c thu thp v c ni dung hp php , trong ch n : + th nghim v neo ( cng, chnh xc, v.v.. . ) + th nghim tt chm neo
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+ th nghim v nng lc v cc tham s ca kch cng cp H thng tr-t, cc tm tr-t teflon, cng nh- cc ph-ng tin ko hm dng khi lao kt cu nhp cn phi m bo -c s di chuyn u n, nhp nhng, thng thn v khng b git ca kt cu nhp BTCT , ng thi phi m bo -c cng ca cc lin kt ca chng v m bo an ton thi cng. Kt cu ca cc thit b tr-t v -ng tr-t cn m bo: - Kh nng xoay ca cc tit din ta ca kt cu nhp. - Loi tr -c nhng chuyn v ca kt cu, lao theo ph-ng ngang vi ph-ng di chuyn. - Kim tra ng lc ngang truyn ln tr, c thit b ct t ng (v d: thit b ngt u mt cui kt cu nhp) ca cc c cu di chuyn khi bin dng ca tr tr-t qu tr s cho php theo tnh ton. Kt cu ca cc thit b tr-t phi loi tr -c s xut hin trong kt cu nhp BTCT nhng ng sut khng cho php do s bin dng, cong vnh, vng v li lm cc b ca chng. Ti nhng thit b tr-t cn phi d tnh t cc tm m n hi hoc mt phng kch 6.5.14.2. Phng php v thit b kim tra khi y Ni dung cng tc kim tra khi y bao gm ; - kim tra h-ng i ng trong mt bng ca kt cu nhp v mi dn - kim tra cao u mi dn - kim tra phn lc ti cc bn tr-t - kim tra lc y qua tng b-c thi cng - kim tra h s ma st thc t - kim tra tc y v tnh trng y m thun hoc git cc Ph-ng php kim tra v h-ng chuyn ng v cao l s dng cc my trc c c chnh xc cao v da vo cc mc trong h thng mc o c chung ca cu

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Ph-ng php kim tra lc y l cn c vo vic o m lc du kch v dn di ca dy ko ( khi dng ph-ng php ko-y) Ph-ng php o ng bin v chuyn v, vt nt ly theo cc ph-ng php thng th-ng Phi c h thng thng tin hoc ni mng truyn s liu o trc tip v nhanh chng v v tr ca ng-i ch huy lao cu trong sut qu trnh lao y kt cu nhp BTCT. 6.5.14.3. Kim tra hot ng ca thit b o cm bin i vi phn lc v chuyn v nh tr Mi thit b o cm bin dng o phn lc v chuyn v nh tr phi -c hiu chun tr-c khi lp ghp ln kt cu nhp v tr cu. Mi tham s o c nn -c o bng 2 thit b c lp i chiu kim tra tin cy ca kt qu o 6.5.14.4. Kim tra cc t dm BTCT trc khi y Cn kim tra cc mc sau : - v tr cc ca s b tr hai bn thnh hp ch t dm ngang trn t th (n-1) chun b cho vic y t th ( n ) ,kim tra vn hnh ca dm ngang ca h thng y - bin dng ca vn khun sau khi thi cng xong t th (n-1) 6.5.15. o c Kim tra cc kch th-c hnh hc, v tr ca cc b kt cu chnh v kt cu ph tm trn mt bng v mt ng 6.5.15.1. Cc vn chung Tr-c khi thi cng TVGS v Nh thu phi c tng bnh nh v cc hng mc ca ton cng trnh.Trn ghi v tr cc mc chnh, cc nh tam gic c, cc mc cao c cng vi cao ca chng,cc gc xc nh cc tim tr, vijv tr cc cc nh h-ng trn b nh v tim tr,v.v.. . Phi c bn thuyt minh km theo tng bnh nh v ton cu ni trn, trong ghi r : - cc s liu cn c - ph-ng php v chnh xc o c cc c tuyn v cc gc phn

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- nhng tr-ng hp khng khp thc t v cho php - ph-ng php nh v tim m tr - chnh xc ca cng tc nh v tng hng mc Cc thi im chnh cn phi ch nhiu n kt qu o c l : - sau khi nh v tim m tr bng mng l-i tam gic c - sau khi xy lp xong mng - sau khi xy lp xong thn m tr n cao thit k v lm b k gi - tr-c v sau khi c hng hay lp mi t kt cu nhp BTCT . - trong sut qu trnh ang lao y dm BTCT v sau khi y xong mt t dm T trc dc ca TVGS c nhim v kim tra cc kt qu o c ca Nh thu mt cch th-ng xuyn hoc nh k. i vi nhng cng trnh cu n gin khng di qu 100m , trn tuyn thng, vic o c vi cc my kinh v in t v cao c in t m hin -c trang b cho T- vn ca nhiu tnh th ni chung khng c gng c g c bit cng c th t chnh xc cao. Trong "Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu cu" (ban hnh theo Quyt nh 166 Q ca B GTVT ) , gi tt l QT-166 Q, h-ng dn kh k l-ng v yu cu cch lp mng l-i tam gic c, chnh xc cn t ca mi php o. Sau y ch ni thm v vic o c i vi kt cu BTCT - h thng b c dm v c cc , cng nh- gio c dm BTCT ti ch phi -c cao c th-ng xuyn tr-c v sau mi ln c 1 dm v nhng lc c nghi ng ln st, v d sau t m-a ln, bo l. Kt qu s -c so snh vi d vng kin trc ca dm theo thit k x l kp thi tr-c khi tip tc c dm khc hoc t dm khc. - sai s cho php nh v tim dc cu ca kt cu nhp ly theo iu 2-11 ca QT-166 Q - chnh lch v khong cch tim tr khi o trc tip bng th-c v khi o bng ph-ng php giao hi im khng -c v-t qu 1/5000 ( iu 217)

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- sau khi hon thnh cng trnh, TVGS phi yu cu Nh thu lp tng bnh hon cng bn giao cho C quan qun l cng trnh lu di. 6.5.15.2. Sai s cho php khi ch to v h cc - sai s cho php khi ch to cc BTCT c sn -c ly theo bng5, iu 4-34 ca QT 166 Q. - sai s cho php khi h cc BTCT ( cc ng, cc rung h , cc khoan nhi ) -c ly theo bng 17, iu 4-102 ca QT 166 Q. 6.5.15.3. Sai s cho php khi ch to v h ging chm v ging chm hi p - sai s cho php v kch th-c v v tr ging chm khi h xung -c ly theo bng 19, iu 5-87 v iu 6-38 ca QT 166 Q. 6.5.15.4. Sai s cho php khi ch to v lp ghp cc kt cu ph tm - sai s cho php v kch th-c v v tr kt cu ph tm -c ly theo bng 20, iu 7-24 n iu 7-26 ca QT 166 Q. 6.5.15.5. Sai s cho php khi ch to v lp ghp cc vn khun - Sai s cho php khi ch to vn khun ly theo Bng 24 , iu 9-30 ca QT-166 Q. Sai s cho php khi lp t vn khun ly theo Bng 25 ,iu 9-37 ca QT-166 Q. 6.5.15.6. Sai s cho php khi ch to v lp ghp cc kt cu BTCT thng v d ng lc - Sai s cho php v kch th-c v v tr cc b phn kt cu BTCT sau khi ch to -c ly theo Bng 35 , iu 12-33 ca QT-166 Q. - Sai s cho php v kch th-c v v tr cc cp v neo cho d ng lc sau khi ch to -c ly theo Bng 36 , iu 13-23 ca QT-166 Q. - Sai s cho php v kch th-c v v tr cc b phn kt cu BTCT sau khi lp t hoc c ti ch -c ly theo Bng 38 , iu 14-42 ca QT-166 Q. 6.5.15. Gim st v an ton trong thi cng kt cu BTCT TVGS cn kim tra th-ng xuyn hng ngy mi kha cnh c lin quan n an ton thi cng trn cng tr-ng theo ng Quy trnh k thut

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Phi kim tra Nh thu v : - s hun luyn k s- v cng nhn v an ton lao ng v kim tra sc kho. - cc trang thit b c trn cng tr-ng bo m an ton lao ng ( hng ro lan can trn gio) ,dy ai an ton lm vic trn cao, ri l-i che bn d-i v tr thi cng. - c cc nhn vin ca Nh thu chuyn v an ton lao ng tc trc ti v tr thi cng trn cao. - yu cu Nh thu mua bo him nhn th v cc bo him cng trnh khc. - cc bn ni quy s dng trang thit b ( thang my, my vn thng, cn cu, my in,v.v.. .v ph-ng tin ni phi -c dn ti ni s dng chng th-ng xuyn - i vi cc cng ngh c bit nguy him cho ng-i lao ng nh- thi cng ging chm hi p, ln su, un nu pha ch ho cht keo hay nha -ng phi kim tra k mi quy tc v an ton v nhim. 6.5.16. H thng s sch ghi chp v cc biu mu. Qun l trn my tnh. H thng biu mu -c son tho theo mu thng nht nu trong Quy trnh thi cng v c tnh php l. Tuy nhin cc mu biu thu gn v d theo di chung tng hp s liu c th -c lp ring trn my tnh bng phm mm WinWord 97 Nn s dng phn mm WinPoject 8.0 tr gip qun l tin thi cng ni chung, bao gm c cng tc b tng. Nn c mt s ghi chp ring v mi s c xy ra rt kinh nghim v lm c s cho x l cc tranh chp v cht l-ng v trch nhim gia cc bn trong Hp ng thu. Cc hnh v chuyn t AUTOCAD sang

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Cc cu hi n thi

1. Danh mc Cc Tiu chun k thut v Ti liu php l ban hnh c lin quan n gim st nghim thu cc loi kt cu BTCT dng trong nganh xy d-ng cu -ng, cng ,hm ni chung 2. Cc ni dung v Kim tra n thit k thi cng ca Nh thu v Kim tra cc Tiu chun thi cng v Quy trnh cng ngh ca Nh thu 3. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st thi cng cc kt cu v cng trnh ph tm : - b c, -ng tr-t, mi dn, tr tm, kt cu m rng tr, - h phao ni, h neo trn sng, thit b lao y, gio 4. Ni dung Gim st h thng vt t- thit b d ng lc ( cp, neo, ng,kch ), vt t- thp cc loi v vt liu b tng ( Khng k ct , xi mang, ph gia) 5, Ni dung Gim st cng tc ch to v lp t ct thp th-ng v cc chi tit thp khc 6. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st cng tc b tng: n-c, - dm , tr m, mng su, cc khoan nhi, BT khi ln, BT d-i - cng tc c sn cc cu kin t dm, tr ,cc 7. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st cng tc lp t, cng ko cp v t neo, bm va lp lng ng cha cp 8. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st tho lp v cn chnh b thit b c v vn khun di ng 9. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st thi cng khi hp long 10. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st lao dm BTCT ( lao dc , lao ngang,, ch ni,) 11. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st lp hng cu BTCT : vn chuyn, cu lp, dn keo, thi cng mi ni
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12. Ni dung v trnh t Kim tra cc kch th-c hnh hc, v tr ca cc b phn kt cu chnh v kt cu ph tm trn mt bng v mt ng 13. Ni dung v trnh t Gim st v an ton trong thi cng kt cu BTCT.Cng tc lp H thng s sch ghi chp v cc biu mu. Qun l trn my tnh.

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