Din n Sinh Vin PTIT > Hc Tp > Khu Vc in T Vin Thng > Tho Lun Chuyn Ngnh Vin

Thng > Nhng ch tiu nh gi tn hiu quang PDA View Full Version : Nhng ch tiu nh gi tn hiu quang Killua 02-25-2010, 01:03 AM Nhng ch tiu nh gi tn hiu quang C nhiu cch nh gi cht lng mt tn hiu quang. Nhng thng thng, ngi ta s dng 3 cch ph bin l: th mt (Eye Diagram), xc sut bit li (Bit Error Rate BER (http://tudiencongnghe.com/Special:Search/BER)) v h s cht lng tn hiu (Q factor). Ba cch ny s c m t di y. th mt (Eye Diagram) nh ngha: th mt l th biu din s chng chp ca tt c cc bit ca tn hiu. (Trng ging hnh dng mt mt ngi nn gi l th mt) Hnh sau y biu din mt on tn hiu quang cc nh dng NRZ (http://tudiencongnghe.com/Special:Search/NRZ) (Non Return to Zero) v RZ (http://tudiencongnghe.com/Special:Search/RZ) (Return to Zero) v th mt tng ng. (Hnh m phng bi Optiwave, Optisystem). http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2234/2488883733_a29803e3c9.jpg Ch thch (ting php): Temps - thi gian; fraction de temps bit - t l so vi thi gian ca mt bit. Amplitude - Bin ; u.a. (unit arbitraire) - n v bt k. th mt thng thng c biu din bng tn hiu in bi mt "my hin sng ly mu" (sampling oscilloscope), sau khi chuyn tn hiu quang thnh in nh mt photodiode. Do phn gii b gii hn bi bng tn ca photodiode v thit b in pha sau, thng l n 40 GHz (25 ps), hin c thit b h tr 80 GHz (12.5 ps). Ngoi ra, hin nay c nhng thit b ly mu ton quang (optical sampling) cho phn gii n 1 ps. th mt cho php ta quan st thy c tn hiu (hnh di, ct tri NRZ, ct phi RZ) v phn on cht lng tn hiu hn ch bi cc hin tng nh nhiu bin (amplitude noise) (a & b), hn lon trong min thi gian (timing jitter) (c& d), v giao thoa gia cc bit (intersymbol interference) (e & f). http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2097/2489700482_67befd5b03.jpg th mt ch cho php phn tch nh tnh, phn tch nh lng chng ta cn o h s phm cht tn hiu (Q factor) v t l bit li hay xc sut li bit (Bit Error Rate). Xc sut li bit (BER)

Xc sut li bit l mt trong nhng cch hiu qu nh gi tn hiu mt cch nh lng. nh ngha: Xc sut li bit l t l bit b li trn tng s bit truyn i (xem nh ngha BER trong t in cng ngh). Khi my thu nhn c tn hiu quang, n s chuyn sang tn hiu in nh mt photodiode sau khuych i tn hiu in nh mt b khuych i. Tn hiu in ny sau c ly mu tng ng vi mi bit, ta c mt mc in th. Mc in th ny s c so snh vi mt mc ngng gii hn (threshold level), nu cao hn mc ngng th l bit "1", thp hn l bit "0". Nu nhiu qu ln, cc mc in th c th vt qua ngng c c thnh "1" v ngc li, to ra li. Trong truyn thng quang, theo yu cu ca a s cc nh cung cp dch v, li chp nhn c thng mc http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?10%5E%7B-9%7D (tc mt bit li trn mt t bit truyn i). Nh vo FEC (http://tudiencongnghe.com/Special:Search/FEC), ta c th h thp li t http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?10%5E%7B-4%7D xung cn http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?10%5E%7B-12%7D , nhng thng thng th li ng truyn quang khng qu http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?10%5E%7B-9%7D . Cc bn tham kho cch tnh BER vi nhiu bin tun theo hm phn b gaussian: phn 4.5 ca: - Fiber-Optic Communication Systems By Govind P. Agrawal http://rapidshare.com/files/22379905/0471215716.rar hoac http://www.megaupload.com/fr/?d=6TEUICLN Password: physicsbooks.info H s cht lng tn hiu (Q factor) nh ngha: H s cht lng tn hiu l h s tng ng vi t l tn hiu trn nhiu (signal to noise ratio) ca tn hiu in b thu sau khi c khuych i. H s ny c tnh bi cng thc: http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?Q=%5Cfrac%20%7BV_1%20-%20V_0%7D%20%7B %5Csigma_1%20+%20%5Csigma_0%7D Trong : http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?V_1 v http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?V_0 l in th trung bnh ca cc bit "1" v "0"; http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?%5Csigma_1 v http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?%5Csigma_0 l cc lch qun phng (standard deviation) tng ng. Nu nhiu l gaussien th h s cht lng tn hiu lin h vi BER theo hm sau: http://tools.jcisio.com/tex/?BER_%7Bmin%7D=%5Cfrac%20%7B1%7D%20%7B2%7D %20%5Cti mes%20erfc%20%5Cleft%28%5Cfrac%20%7BQ%7D%20%7B%5Cs qrt

%202%7D%5Cright%29%20%5C%5C%3Cbr%20/%3Eerfc%28x%29=%20%5Cfrac %20%7B2%7D%7B%5Csqrt%20%5 Cpi%7D%20%5Cint_%7Bx%7D%5E%7B %5Cinfty%7D%20exp%28-y%5E2%29dy%3Cbr%20/%3E (Cng thc ny cng c chng minh trong tham kho trn) H s ny thng c s dng khi m xc sut li bit qu nh, khng th o c. V d vi tc truyn l 10 Gbit/s, vi xc sut li l 10-10 th phi i 10 giy c 10 li ... c nh th... Ngoi h s Q bin , ngi ta cn nh ngha h s Q thi gian. M t trong hnh v sau: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3200/2490056060_2c11e52089.jpg

Ngoi cc phng php nh gi tn hiu (tn hiu truyn thng c m ha knh truyn vi cc bit 0 v 1) quang nh trn. Chng ta c cc phng php quan st v nh gi xung quang, theo c cng v pha (hay chirp), nh FROG (http://tudiencongnghe.com/Special:Search/FROG) (frequency-resolved optical gating), GRENOUILLE (Grating-eliminated no-nonsense observation of ultrafast incident laser light e-fields), FREAG (http://tudiencongnghe.com/Special:Search/FREAG) (frequencyresolved electro-absorption gating), SPIDER (http://tudiencongnghe.com/Special:Search/SPIDER) (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction),... c bit l FROG c th quan st xung thang atto-giy (10^-18 giy) - m ra hy vng quan st phn ng ha hc v hn na l chuyn ng electron. Nu ai tng lm v my ci ny th cng trao i nh! http://www.cleoconference.org/materials/lightpulse.jpg The "Attoway"--Light pulses lasting just 130 attoseconds (billionths of a billionth of a second) offers possibilities for unlocking secrets of atoms and molecules. (http://www.cleoconference.org/media_center/lightpulse.aspx) ngun : vntelecom.org Powered by vBulletin Version 4.1.5 Copyright 2012 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.