GiaoTrinh Minnanonihongo

-1-
1 .................................................................................................................................. - 8 I.
II.
T VNG ........................................................................................................................................... - 8 NG PHP ......................................................................................................................................... - 9 -
2 ................................................................................................................................ - 15 I.
II.
T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 15 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 16 -
3 ................................................................................................................................ - 19 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 19 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 20 -
4 ................................................................................................................................ - 23 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 23 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 24 -
5 ................................................................................................................................ - 26 I.
II.
T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 26 NG PHP ....................................................................................................................................... - 27 -
6 ................................................................................................................................ - 31 I.
II.
T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 31 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 32 -
7 ................................................................................................................................ - 34 I.
II.
T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 34 NG PHP ....................................................................................................................................... - 35 -
8 ................................................................................................................................ - 38 I.
II.
T VNG: ....................................................................................................................................... - 38 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 40 -
9 ................................................................................................................................ - 45 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 45 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 46 -
10 .............................................................................................................................. - 50 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 50 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 51 -
11 .............................................................................................................................. - 55 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 55 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 57 -
-2-
12 .............................................................................................................................. - 59 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 59 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 60 -
13 .............................................................................................................................. - 62 I.
T VNG:............................................................................................................... - 62 II.
NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 63 -
14 .............................................................................................................................. - 66 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 66 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 67 CCH PHN BIT NG T NO NHM NO ...................................................................... - 68 -
15 .............................................................................................................................. - 70 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 70 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 71 -
16 .............................................................................................................................. - 73 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 73 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 75 -
17 .............................................................................................................................. - 76 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 76 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 77 Cch chia sang th ..................................................................................................................... - 77 -
18 .............................................................................................................................. - 79 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 79 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 80 -
19 .............................................................................................................................. - 82 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 82 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 83 -
20 .............................................................................................................................. - 85 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 85 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 86 -
21 .............................................................................................................................. - 90 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 90 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 91 -
-3-
22 .............................................................................................................................. - 93 I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 93 Cu trc: N1 Mnh b ngha cho N2 ..................................................................... - 93 Cu trc: Mnh b ngha cho N1 N2 .................................................................... - 94 Cu trc: Mnh b ngha N V ......................................................................................... - 94 Cu trc: Mnh b ngha N A A ........................... - 95 Cu trc :Mnh b ngha N .................................................................................. - 95 -
23 .............................................................................................................................. - 96 I.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 96 II.
Mu cu vi danh t ph thuc ),dng ch thi gian ai lm mt vic g hay
trong mt trng thi no . ...................................................................................................................... - 97 III. Cu trc cu vi lin t ph thuc ............................................................................................ - 98 -
24 .............................................................................................................................. - 99 I.
II.
T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 99 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 99 -
25 ............................................................................................................................ - 102 I.
II.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 102 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 102 -
26 ............................................................................................................................ - 105 I.
II.
III.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 105 CU TRC ..................................................................................................................................... - 106 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 107 -
27 ............................................................................................................................ - 109 I.
II.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 109 - Th kh nng ........................................................................................ - 111 1. Cch chuyn ng t sang th kh nng .......................................................................................... - 111 III. NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 111 -
28 ............................................................................................................................ - 115 I.
II.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 115 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 116 -
29 ............................................................................................................................ - 119 I.
II.
III.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 119 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 120 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 121 -
30 ............................................................................................................................ - 122 I.
II.
III.
IV.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 122 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 123 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 124 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 124 -
-4-
31 ............................................................................................................................ - 126 I.
II.
III.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 126 Cch chia ng t , t th sang th hng ..................................................................... - 128 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 128 -
32 ............................................................................................................................ - 131 I.
II.
III.
IV.
33 ............................................................................................................................ - 135 I.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 135 Cch chia t th t in sang th mnh lnh. .......................................................................................... - 137 Cch chia t th t in sang th cm on. ............................................................................................ - 137 II.
NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 137 III. NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 138 IV. NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 139 -
34 ............................................................................................................................ - 140 I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 140 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 141 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 142 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 143 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 143 -
35 ............................................................................................................................ - 144 I.
II.
III.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 144 Cch chia ng t sang th iu kin (_ ........................................... - 146 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 146 -
36 ............................................................................................................................ - 148 I.
II.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 148 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 149 -
III. NG PHP: .......................................................................................................... - 150 IV.

V.
NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 150 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 151 -
37 ............................................................................................................................ - 152 I.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 152 Cch ng t sang th b ng .................................................................................................................. - 154 II.
NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 154 III. NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 154 IV. NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 155 -
-5-
38 ............................................................................................................................ - 156 I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 156 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 157 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 158 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 158 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 159 -
39 ............................................................................................................................ - 160 I.
II.
III.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 160 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 161 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 162 -
40 ............................................................................................................................ - 163 I.
II.
III.
IV.
41 ............................................................................................................................ - 166 I.
II.
III.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 166 NG PHP VI ................................................................................................... - 167 NG PHP VI ............................................................................................... - 168 -
42 ............................................................................................................................ - 170 I.
II.
III.
T VNG ..................................................................................................................................... - 170 NG PHP ................................................................................................................................... - 171 NG PHP ..................................................................................................................................... - 172 -
43 ............................................................................................................................ - 173 I.
T NG: ........................................................................................................................................ - 173 II.
Mu cu biu hin trng thi , suy on ca ngi ni v mt s vic trong tng lai hay v
trng thi hin ti ca ai , ca ci g ............................................................................................... - 174 III. Mu cu lm g ri quay tr li ............................................................................................... - 174 -
44 ............................................................................................................................ - 176 I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 176 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 177 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 177 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 178 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 178 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 179 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 179 -
45 ............................................................................................................................ - 180 I.
II.
III.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 180 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 181 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 182 -
-6-
46 ............................................................................................................................ - 183 I.
II.
T VNG ..................................................................................................................................... - 183 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 184 -
47 ............................................................................................................................ - 187 I.
II.
III.
T VNG ..................................................................................................................................... - 187 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 188 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 189 -
48 ............................................................................................................................ - 191 I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 191 Cch chia ng t th sai khin: ................................................................................................... - 192 S cu to ca cc ng t sai khin: ........................................................................................... - 192 ngha ca cc cu th sai khin: ................................................................................................ - 192 Cch s dng th sai khin:........................................................................................................... - 193 Th ca V sai khin + ......................................................................... - 194 -
49 ............................................................................................................................ - 195 I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
3.
VI.
VII.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 195 <>: Knh ng........................................................................................................... - 196 Cc loi .................................................................................................................................. - 196 v .......................................................................................................................... - 197 ca ng t ........................................................................................................................ - 198 Tn knh ng c bit .................................................................................................................... - 199 ca danh t v tnh t ...................................................................................................... - 200 Thng nht cp trong cu vn:...................................................................................... - 200 -
50 ............................................................................................................................ - 201 I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 201 : Khim nhng ng ........................................................................................................ - 202 / ............................................................................................................................. - 203 c bit: ............................................................................................................................. - 204 v .......................................................................................... - 205 -
-7-
1
I.
T VNG
T T
NHN
PHNG
GIAI
HUN
NHN
TIN SINH
GIO S
HC SINH
HI X VIN
X VIN
NGN HNH
VIN
Y GI
NGHIN CU
GI
I HC
BNH VIN
IN KH
THY
TU /
TI
H TU
Chng ti, Chng ta.
Bn, anh, ch.

Ngi kia
V kia
Cc bn, cc anh, cc ch.
~anh, ~ch.
~c b
~cu b
Ngi~
Thy gio, c gio.
Gio vin
Hc sinh, sinh vin.
Nhn vin
Nhn vin
Nhn vin ngn hng
Bc s
Nh nghin cu
K s
i hc
Bnh vin
in
Ai
Ngi no, v no.
~Tui
My tui
My tui(Dng lch
s)
D, vng.
Khng
THT L
Xin li(Khi nh ngi khc lm g)

DANH TIN
Tn l g?

S Xin cho
-8-
II.

NGUYN Rt hn hnh c lm quen.

y l anh(Ch, ng, B)
LAI

HN QUC
TRUNG QUC
NHT BN,
BN
IN X
XUT THN
KT HP, CP
BIN CANH,
CNH
THC TRANG
n t ...
M
Anh
n
Indonesia
Hn quc
Thi lan
Trung quc
c
Nht bn
Php
Brazil
Vit Nam
Lng qu, nng thn.
Ni sinh
Kt ni
Thay i
Thc thi
NG PHP
Mu cu 1: _____<ha>_____<desu>
* Vi mu cu ny ta dng tr t <ha> (c l <wa>, ch khng phi l <ha> trong bng ch y l cu trc cu-.) T ch ny v sau s vit l <wa> lun, cc bn c hiu khi vit s l vit ch
<ha> trong bng ch
* Cch dng: Dng ni tn, ngh nghip, quc tch ( tng t nh ng t TO BE ca ting
Anh.
* y l mu cu khng nh
V d:
<watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu>

( ti l Michael Miler)
Mu cu 2: _____<wa>_____<ja>/<dewa>
* Mu cu vn dng tr t <wa> nhng vi ngha ph nh. mu cu ny ta c th dng
<ja> hoc <dewa> i trc <arimasen> u c.
-9-
* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.

V d:

()
<SANTOSU san wa gakusei ja (dewa) arimasen.>
( anh Santose khng phi l sinh vin.)
Mu cu 3:_____<wa> _____<desu><ka>
* y l dng cu hi vi tr t <wa> v tr t nghi vn <ka> cui cu
* Cch dng: Cu hi dng ny c dch l _______ c phi khng? ( ging vi To BE ca
ting Anh)
V d:

<MIRA- san wa kaishain desu ka>
( anh Miler c phi l nhn vin cng ty khng?)

[/color]( anh Santose cng l nhn vin cng ty)
Mu cu 4: _____<mo> _____<desu (ka)>
* y l mu cu dng tr t <mo> vi ngha l cng l ( too trong ting Anh m!!!!)
* y l tr tr c th dng hi v tr li. Khi dng hi th ngi tr li bt buc phi dng
<hai> xc nhn hoc <iie> ph nh cu hi. Nu xc nhn kin th dng
tr t <mo>, chn ph nh th phi dng tr t <ha>.
Cch dng: thay th v tr ca tr t <wa> v mang ngha cng l
V d:
A: ( )
<Watashi wa BETONAMU jin desu. Anata mo ( BETONAMU jin desu ka?)
(Ti l ngi Vit Nam, bn cng l ngi Vit Nam phi khng ?)
B:
<Hai, watashi mo BETONAMU jin desu. Watashi wa daigakusei desu, anata mo?>
(Vng, ti cng l ngi Vit Nam. Ti l sinh vin i hc, cn anh cng vy phi khng)
A:
<iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen. (Watashi wa) Kaishain desu.>

(Khng, ti khng phi l sinh vin i hc, ti l nhn vin cng ty.)
* CH :
i vi cc cu c qu nhiu ch ng watashi wa hoc cc cu hi trng lp ta c th lc b bt
cho cu vn ngn gn.

IMC
<MIRAsan wa IMC no shain desu>
(Anh Michael l nhn vin cng ty IMC)

<TERESA chan wa nansai (oikutsu) desu ka>
- 10 -
(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)

<TERESA chan wa kyuu sai desu>
(B Teresa 9 tui)
() ()
<ano hito (kata) wa dare (donata) desu ka>
(Ngi ny (v ny) l ai (ngi no) vy ?

<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
Mu cu 5: _____ <wa>___<no>
- y l cu trc dng tr t <no> ch s s hu.
- C khi mang ngha l ca nhng c khi khng mang ngha cu vn hay hn.
V d :
IMC .
<IMC no shain>
(Nhn vin ca cng ty IMC>

<Nihongo no hon>
(Sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 6: _____<wa> <nansai><oikutsu> <desu ka>
_____ <wa><sai> <desu>
- y l mu cu hi vi t hi ( nghi vn t) <nansai> <oikutsu>
dng hi tui
- <nansai> Dng hi tr nh ( di 10 tui).
<oikutsu> Dng hi 1 cch lch s.
V d :

<Taro kun wa nan sai desu ka?>
(B Taro my tui vy ?)

<Taro kun wa kyuu sai desu.>
(B Taro 9 tui)

<Yamada san wa oikutsu desu ka?>
(Anh Yamada bao nhiu tui vy?)

<Yamada san wa yonjuugo sai desu>
- 11 -
(Anh Yamada 45 tui)

S m:
<ichi> 1
<ni> 2
<san> 3
<yon> (<shi> 4
<go> 5
<roku> 6
<nana> (<shichi> 7
<hachi> 8
<kyuu> 9
<juu> 10
<juuichi> 11
<juuni> 12
<nijuu> 13
<nijuuichi> 14
<nijuuni> 22
<issai> 1 tui
<nijuu issai> 21 tui
<hatachi> 20 tui
Mu cu 7:
a. _____<wa> <san(sama)><desu ka>
b. _____ <wa> <dare><donata><desu ka>
- Mu cu (a.) dng xc nh li tn mt ngi.
- Mu cu (b.) dng hi tn mt ngi vi nghi vn t <dare> <donata>
- Mu cu (b.) dng t thng dng l <dare>, khi mun ni 1 cch lch s th dng
<donata>.
V d :
a.

<ano hito (kata) wa kimura san desu
(Ngi ny (v ny) l anh (ng) Kimura.)
b.
<ano hito wa dare desu ka>
(Ngi ny l ai vy ?)

<ano kata wa donata desu ka>
(V ny l ngi no vy?)
* Cc im ch thm:
Khi gii thiu tn mnh khng bao gi c ni thm ch <san> hoc <sama> ( c
ngha l ngi, gi mt cch tn knh) v trong ting Nht c s t nh l ngi Nht lun t h mnh
trc ngi khc. Khi gii thiu tn ngi khc th phi thm ch <san> hoc <sama> (
khi gii thiu ngi ln tui c a v x hi cao)
- 12 -
Mu cu 8:__A___
+ ___A__ _____
- y l mu cu dng hi Quc tch ca mt ngi.
- Ngha l ( ___A__ l ngi nc no?)
V d :
A san wa nani jin desuka. ( A l ngi nc no?)
+ A san wa BETONAMU jin desu.( A l ngi Vit Nam)
Mu cu 9:
+___A__ ___1_____2__
+ ___A__ __1(2)___
- y l dng cu hi chn la trong hai hay nhiu s vt, s vic khc nhau.
- Ngha l ___A__ l _____ hay l _____?
V d :
a. A san wa ENGINIA desuka, isha desuka. ( A l k s hay l bc s ?)
b. A san wa isha desu. ( A l bc s )
Mu cu 10:
+ ___A__ _____
+ A
- y l cu hi v bn cht ca mt s vt, s vic
- Nghi l: A l _____ g?
Vd:
-Kono hon wa nanno hon desuka. ( cun sch ny l sch g?)
-Kono hon wa Nihongo no hon desu.( cun sch ny l sch ting Nht)
Mu cu 11:
+ ___A__
+ A
- y l cu hi vi t hi:
- Ngha ca t hi ny l A l Ci g?
V d :
a. Kore wa nandesuka. (y l ci g?)
b. Kore wa NOTO desu. (ay l cun tp)
Mu cu 12:

A
y l cu hi lch s.
y l cu hi dng hi tn.
Ngha l Tn ca bn ____ l g?
V d :
Onamae wa. ( hoc shitsure desu ga, onamaewa hoc Anatano namae wa nandesuka) ( Tn bn l
g?)
watashi wa A desu. Tn ti l A
- 13 -
Mu cu 13:

- y l cu hi dng hi qu hng ca ai . Dng Nghi vn t hi ni chn
- Ngha l Qu ca _____ u?
V d :
Inaka wa doko desuka ( Qu ca bn u?)
watashi no inaka wa CANTO desu.( qu ti Cn Th)
- 14 -
2
I.
T VNG
BN, BN
T TH
TP CH
TN VN
TH TRNG,
TRNG
DUYN BT
KIN
THI, TH K
TN
BAO
T NG XA
XA
K
K, T, T
ANH NG
NHT BN,
BN NG
- 15 -
Ci
Ci kia
~ny
~
~Kia
Quyn sch
T in
Tp ch
T bo
Quyn tp
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
S tay
dt
Danh thip
Tm thip
dt
dt
Cc in thoi
dt
Bt ch
Bt bi
Bt ch kim
Cha kho
ng h
Ci , ci d.
Cp
Bng(casset)
My ghi m
V tuyn
My nh
My vi tnh
to, xe hi.
to, xe hi.
Bn hc
Gh
Socola
C ph
Ting Anh
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Ting Nht
dt
NG
H
VI

TH THOI

T nay mong c Ngi qip

,.
BN, BN
KH TR
y l cht lng thnh ca ti

Xin mi
Cm n
Chnh ti mi l ngi mong c
s qip
Xin chn thnh cm n
II.
Ting~
Ci g
ng vy
Khng phi, sai ri.
Th ?
NG PHP:
1. _____ <_____wa nanno~ desuka>
- ngha: _____ l ci g?
- Cch dng: y l mu cu dng hi v th loi hay thuc tnh ca mt s vt, hin tng.
Ta cng c th dng hi vi ngha l s hu khi thay i t hI <nan> bng t hi
<dare> m sau ny chng ta s hc ti!
V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?
(y l sch g?)
Kore wa Nihongo no hon desu.
(y l sch ting Nht)
2. _____ <_____ wa nanyoubi desuka?>
- ngha: _____ l th my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi th, c th l ngy hm nay hoc l mt s kin s vic g .
V d:
Kyou wa nanyoubi desuka.

Hm nay l th my?
Kyou wa kayoubi desu.

Hm nay l th ba
KURISUMASU wa nanyoubi desuka.

NOEL l th my?
KURISUMASU wa suiyoubi desu.

- 16 -
NOEL ngy th T.
3. _____ <_____wa nannichi desuka?>
- ngha: _____ l ngy my?
- Cch dng: Dng hi ngy v c th l ngy hm nay hoc l ngy ca 1 s kin g .
V d:
Tanjoubi wa nannichi desuka?

Sinh nht ngy my?
Tanyoubi wa 17(jyuu nana) nichi desu.

Sinh nht ngy 17.
4. <kore>
<sore> <wa nan desuka?>
<are>
- ngha: Ci ny/ci / ci kia l ci g?
- Cch dng:
a. Vi <kore> th dng hi vt gn mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore> v khi vt xa
ngi tr li
b. Vi <sore> dng hi vt gn ngi ni chuyn vi mnh, khi tr li phi dng <sore>
c. Vi <are> dng hi vt khng gn ai c nn tr li vn l <are>
- V d:
Kore wa nanno hon desuka?

y l sch g?
Sore wa Kanjino hon desu.

l sch Kanji
5.
- ngha: ~ny/~/~kia l ~ g?
- Cch dng tng t mu cu s 4 nhng c nhn mnh hn!
- V d:
Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka?

cun tp ch l tp ch g?
kono zasshi wa KOMPU-TA- no zasshi desu.

cun tp ch ny l tp ch v Vi tnh.
Phn ph lc:
<nanyobi> th my
<getsuyoubi> th Hai
<kayoubi> th Ba
- 17 -
<suiyoubi> th T
<mokuyoubi> th Nm
<kinyoubi> th Su
<doyoubi> th By
<nichiyoubi> Ch Nht
<nannichi> ngy my
Nht trong 10 ngy u ngi ta c cch c khc i so vi cc ngy cn lI, v chng ta c
th dng cho c hai trng hp l ngy ~ hoc ~ngy
<tsuitachi> ngy 1 ( hoc 1 ngy)
<futsuka> ngy 2 ( hoc hai ngy)
<mikka> ngy 3 (//)
<yokka> ngy 4 (//)
<itsuka> ngy 5 (//)
<muika> ngy 6 (//)
<nanoka> ngy 7 (//)
<youka> ngy 8 (//)
<kokonoka> ngy 9 (//)
<to-ka> ngy 10 (//)
<to-ka> ngy 20 (//)
Cc ngy cn li ta m bng cch rp cch m s vi ch <nichi> l c (vd:
jyuuichinichi=ngy 11.) nhng c 1 s trng hp c bit sau: v tng t cho cc s cn
li ( vd: nijyuu yokka= ngy 24)
<jyuu yokka> Ngy 14
<jyuu kunichi> ngy 19 (im khc bit so vi m s thng thng ca s
ny l s chn khng c trng m, ku thay v kuu
<hatsuka> ngy 20 ci n ch c 1 ln thi!!! Khng lp li nha!!!
- 18 -
3
I.
T VNG:
Quy tip tn
dt
Phng i
dt
B C
Cn phng
dt
Nh v sinh
dt
dt
TH TY Nh v sinh
GIAI ON
Cu thang
dt
Thang my
dt
Thang cun
dt
Quc gia(Nc)
dt
QUC
HI X
Cng ty
dt
GIA
Nh
dt
IN THOI
in thoi
dt
NGOA
Giy
dt
C vt
dt
Ru vang
dt
Thuc
dt
MI
Quy
dt
TRNG
IM VIN
Ngi bn hng
dt
A H
Tng ngm
dt
~tng
GIAI
H GIAI
Tng my
Yn(n v tin t ca Nht Bn)
VIN
TN I PHN Tn a danh
I PHN
Tn a danh
Gi bao nhiu
GIO THT
THC NG
S V S
HI NGH
THT
TH, TH PH
- 19 -
Ch
Ch kia
u
Ch ny(Knh ng)
Ch (Knh ng)
Ch kia(Knh ng)
Ch (Knh ng)
Phng hc
Phng n
Vn phng
Phng hp
dt
dt
dt
dt
//
//
// //
Italia
Thu s
BCH / NH
BCH / TAM
BCH
THIN / NH
THIN / TAM
THIN
100/200/300
1000/2000/3000
Xin li~
L
KIN

Vy th, xin a cho

ti~
//
//
NHT VN /
NH VN / TAM 10000/20000/30000
VN
II.
Xin cho ti xem~
NG PHP:
1. <koko>
_____ <soko wa _____ desu>
<asoko>
- ngha: y l/ l/kia l _____
- Cch dng dng gii thiu, ch cho ai mt ni no
- V D:
Koko wa uketsuke desu. (y l bn tip tn)

2. <koko>
_____
<_____ wa soko desu>

<asoko>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia.
- Cch dng: dng ch r a im no u hoc mt ngi no u. Thng c
dng ch cho ai mt ni no hoc ngi no .
- V D:
Satou san wa soko desu. < anh Satou >
Shokudou wa asoko desu. < Nh n kia>

3. ______ <_____wa doko desuka.>
- ngha: _____ u?
- Cch dng: dng hi ni chn hoc a im ca mt ngi no ang u. Chng ta
c th kt hp cu hi ny cho c hai cu trc 1. v 2. trn.
- 20 -
- V D:
koko wa doko desuka? (y l u?)
ROBI- wa doko desuka? (i snh u?)
SANTOSU san wa doko desuka? ( Anh SANTOSE u?)
SANTOSUSAN wa kaigi jitsu desu. ( Anh SANTOSE phng hp)

4.
<kochira>
_____
<_____wa sochira desu.>
<achira>
- ngha: _____ l y//kia ( nu dng ch ngi th c ngha l V ny//kia)
- Cch dng: Tng t vi cch hi a im, ni chn, ngi trn. Nhng n c dng
th hn s lch thip, cung knh i vi ngi ang nghe. Ngha gc ca cc t ny ln lt l
(Hng ny//kia)
- V D:
Kaigi jitsu wa achira desu. (phng hp ng kia )
Kochira wa Take Yama sama desu. (y l ngi Take Yama)

5. _____ <_____ wa dochira desuka?>
- ngha: _____ u? ( nu dung cho ngi th l : ____ l v no?)
- Cch dng: y l cu hi lch s cung knh ca cch hi thng thng.
- V D:
ROBI- wa dochira desuka? ( i snh hng no ?)
Take Yama sama wa dochira desuka?(ngi Take Yama l v no ?)

6.
______ <_____ wa doko no desuka?>

______ <_____wa ~ no desu>
- ngha: _____ ca nc no vy?
- ______ l ca nc ~
- Cch dng: y l cu trc dng hi xut x ca mt mn . V trong cu tr lI, ta c
th thay i ch ng ( l mn thnh cc t nh <kore> <sore> v <are> a ra ng trc
tr t WA v i t thay th vo v tr sau tr t NO th s hay hn, hoc ta c th b hn
lun ci t i cho cu ngn gn.
- V D:
kono tokei wa doko no desuka? (ci ng h ny l ca nc no?)
sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu. ( l ng h Thu S)
- 21 -
7.
_____ < _____ wa nanai desuka?>

_____ <______wa ~ai desu>
- ngha: ______ tng my?
- ______ tng ~.
- Cch dng: y l cu hi a m ca mt ni no tng th my.
- V D:
RESUTORAN wa nankai desuka? ( nh hng tng my?)
RESUTORAN wa gokai desu. ( nh hng tng nm)

8.
_____ [/color] ( _____ wa ikura desuka?)

______ (_____wa ~ desu)
- ngha: ______ gi bao nhiu?
- _____ gi ~
- Cch dng: Dng hi gi mt mn .
- V D :
kono enpitsu wa ikura desuka? ( ci bt ch ny gi bao nhiu?)
sore wa hyaku go jyuu en desu. ( ci gi 150 yn)
Phn Ph:
< nanai> Tng my
< ikkai> tng 1
<nikai> tng 2
<sangai> tng 3
<yonkai> tng 4
< gokai> tng 5
<rokkai> tng 6
<nana kai> tng 7
<hakkai> tng 8
<kyuukai> tng 9
<jyuukai> tng 10
Cc t mu khc l cc t c m c bit.
Cc tng sau ta cng m tng t v cc s c bit cng c p dng cho cc tng cao hn (
v d: tng 11 : jyuu ikkai, tng 13: jyuu sangai)
- 22 -
4
I.
T VNG:
TM
NG
HU
MIN CNG

CHUNG
NGN HNH
BU TIN CC
TH QUN
M THUT
QUN
IN THOI
PHIN HIU
H PHIN
KIM
THI, TH
PHN
PHN
BN
H PHN
H THI, TH
NG TIN
NG HU
TRIU, TRIU
TR
VN
D
NHT TC
NHT
TC NHT
KIM NHT
MINH NHT
MINH HU
NHT
KIM TRIU,
TRIU
- 23 -
Ng
Lm vic
Ngh ngi
II
I
I
Hc tp
III
Kt thc
Ca hng bch ho
Ngn hng
Bu in
Th vin
I
dt
dt
dt
dt
Vin bo tng
dt
S in thoi
dt
S my
By gi
~gi
~pht
Phn na
My gi
My pht
Sng(AM)
Chiu(PM)
Sng
Tra
Ti
Ti
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Ngy hm kia
dt
Ngy hm qua
Hm nay
Ngy mai
dt
dt
dt
Ngy mt
dt
Sng nay
dt
KIM VN
TC D
NGUYT DIU
NHT
HA DIU
NHT
THY DIU
NHT
MC DIU
NHT
KIM DIU
NHT
TH DIU
NHT
NHT DIU
NHT
H DIU NHT
HU
TR HU
MI TRIU,
TRIU
MI VN
MI NHT
I BIN

PHIN HIU N
NI
VN
HP, CP

NGUYN
dt
dt
Th hai
dt
Th ba
dt
Th t
dt
Th nm
dt
Th su
dt
Th by
dt
Ch nht
dt
Th my
Ngh ngi
Ngh tra
dt
dt
Mi sng
Mi ti
Mi ngy
Bc Kinh
BangKok
Lun n
Los Angeles
Vt v nh
Dch v hi s in
thoi
(S in thoi) Bn
mun bit/ hi l
Lm n~
Hiu ri
II.
Ti nay
Ti hm qua
NG PHP:
Ng Php
ng T
ng t chia lm 3 lai :
- ng t qu kh
- ng t hin ti
- ng t tng lai
- 24 -
dt
dt
dt
dt
1. ng t hin ti - tng lai

C ui l ch masu
- V d :
watashi wa kuji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 9 gi )
watashi wa tamago o tabemasu ( ti n trng )

- Nu trong cu c t ch tng lai nh : ashita(ngy mai)... th ng t
trong cu l tng lai
- V d :
ashita watashi wa RONDON e ikimasu (Ngy mai ti i Lun n)

( Ch e cu trn vit l he nhng c l e v y l ng php )
2. ng t qu kh
C ui l ch mashita
- V d :
nemashita ( ng)
tabemashita ( n)
Hin ti sang qu kh : masu - mashita
( b ch su thm ch shita vo )
Tr T theo sau ng t c nhiu tr t, nhng y l 3 tr t s cp :
a. he (c l e) : Ch dng cho 3 ng t
- ikimasu : i
- kimasu : n
- kaerimasu : tr v
b. o (ch o th hai) : Dng cho cc tha ng t
c. ni : dng cho cc ng t lin quan n thi gian nh
- nemasu : ng
- okimasu : thc dy
- yasumimasu : ngh ngi
- owarimasu : kt thc
c Bit : aimasu ( gp )
- V d :
watashi wa shichiji ni nemasu ( ti ng lc 7 gi )
watashi wa BAO ni aimasu ( ti gp Bo )
- 25 -
5
I.
T VNG
LAI
QUY, QUI
HC HIU,
GIO
DCH
PHI HNH C,
KY
THUYN
IN XA
A H THIT
TN CN
TUYN
T CHUYN
XA
B
HNH
NHN
HU T
B N
GIA TC
NHT NHN
TIN CHU
KIM CHU
LAI CHU
TIN NGUYT
KIM NGUYT
LAI NGUYT
KH NIN
KIM NIN
LAI NIN
NGUYT
H NGUYT
- 26 -
n
Tr v
III
I
Trng hc
dt
Siu th
Nh ga
dt
dt
My bay
dt
Thuyn/tu
Xe in
Xe in ngm
dt
dt
dt
Tu cao tc
dt
Xe but
Xe taxi
dt
dt
Xe p
dt
i b
dt
Ngi
Bn
Anh y
C y
Gia nh
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Mt mnh
Tun trc
Tun ny
Tun ti
Thng trc
Thng ny
Thng ti
Nm ngoi
Nm nay
Nm ti
Thng~
Thng my
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
II.
NHT NHT
NH NHT
TAM NHT
T NHT
NG NHT
LC NHT
THT NHT
BT NHT
CU NHT
THP NHT
THP T
NHT
NH THP
NHT
NH THP T
NHT
NHT NHT
H NHT

N SINH
NHT
PH THNG
CP HNH
C CP
TH
Ngy 1
Ngy 2
Ngy 3
Ngy 4
Ngy 5
Ngy 6
Ngy 7
Ngy 8
Ngy 9
Ngy 10
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Ngy 14
dt
Ngy 20
dt
Ngy 24
dt
Mt ngy
Ngy my
Khi no
dt
Sinh Nht
dt
Thng thng
Tc hnh
Ha tc
K tip
dt
dt
dt
Cm n
PHIN
TUYN
Khng c chi
NG PHP
1. Mu Cu 1
Cu trc :
__
<__wa nani o shimasuka>
- V d :
<anata wa nani o shimasuka>

(Bn ang lm g ?)
<watashi wa tegami o kakimasu>

(Ti ang vit th)
Cch dng : Dng hi ai ang lm g
- 27 -
Tuyn th~
2. Mu Cu 2
Cu trc :
__
<__wa dare to nani o shimasuka>
V d : A
<A san wa tomodachi to nani o shimasuka>
(A ang lm g vi bn vy)
A
<A san wa tomodachi to satsuka- o shimasu>
(A ang chi banh vi bn)
Cch dng : Dng hi ngi no ang lm g vi ai
3. Mu Cu 3
Cu trc :
__
<__wa doko de nani o shimasu ka>
- V d :
B

(B ang lm g cng vin vy ?)
B

(B ang chi tenis cng vin)
Cch dng : Dng hi mt ngi no ang lm g mt ni no .
4. Mu Cu 4
Cu trc :
__
<__dare to nan de doko e ikimasu>
- V d :
<watashi wa koibito to densha de kouen e ikimasu>

(Ti cng vi ngi yu i xe in n cng vin) (^_^)
Cch dng : Dng ni mt ngi no cng vi ai, i n u bng phng tin g.
5. Mu Cu 5
Cu trc :
__
<__ wa nani o doushi ka>
- V d :
<kinou anata wa eiga o mimashitaka>

(Ngy hm qua bn c xem phim khng ?)
<hai, mimashita>
- 28 -
(C)
<iie, mimasendeshita>
(Khng)
Cch dng : y l dng cu hi c, khng hi ai v mt vn g .
D nhin l trong cc mu cu trn cc bn c th thm vo thi gian cho ph hp vi cu v
ng t.
Ghi ch :
<dare> : ai
<doko> : u
<nani> : ci g (dng cho danh t)
<nan> : ci g (dng cho ng t)
<doushi> : ng t
<shimasu> : chi, lm
Ph ch :
Cc th trong ng t :
a. Th khng nh
ui ca ng t l <masu>
V d : <ikimasu>
<kaerimasu>
b. Th ph nh
ui ca ng t l <masen>
V d : <ikimasen>
<kaerimasen>
c. Th nghi vn
Thm t <ka> vo sau ng t
V d : <mimasuka> : C xem khng ?
d. Th khng nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <mashita>
- V d :
<mimashita> : xem ri
e. Th ph nh trong qu kh
ui ca ng t l <masendeshita>
- V d :
<mimasendeshita> : khng xem
f. Th nghi vn trong qu kh
Nh th nghi vn ca ng t hin ti
- 29 -
- V d :
<mimashitaka> : C xem khng (trong qu kh ?)
Ch :
Trong cu khng nh v nghi vn c ng t khng dng <desu> cui cu,
<desu> ch dng cho danh t.
- 30 -
6
I.
T VNG
M
HP
YN THO
HP
KIN
VN
C
TH
MI
TOT
T CHN
TOT
HI
HU T
HI
PHN
TRIU, TRIU
PHN
TR PHN
VN PHN
NON
NHC
NG
D THI
QU VT
THY
TR
HNG TR
NGU NH
TU
- 31 -
ung
ht
I
I
[ht thuc]
xem
nghe
c
vit
bn
chp
II
I
I
I
I
I
chp hnh
lm
gp
III
I
[gp bn]
cm
dt
ba sng
dt
ba tra
ba chiu
bnh m
trng
tht
c
rau
tri cy
nc
tr
hng tr
sa
sa
nc tri cy
bia
ru
bng
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

CD
CD
HOA KIN
I PHN
THNH CNG
VIN
II.
NH, NH
HA, HOCH
NH, NH
HA, HOCH
QUN
H
IM
TH CH
THI, TH (kp)
NHT T
CNG VIN
H
tennis
a nhc
bng video
dt
dt
dt
phim chiu bng
dt
rp chiu bng
dt
ci g
sau
mt cht
tim, qun
nh hng
th
bi bo co
thnh thong
thng, lc no cng
cng nhau
c, tt nh
vng
cng vin
ci g vy?
vic ngm hoa anh
o
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
tn cng vin
hiu ri
hn gp li
TNG,
TNG M
Bn bc
NG PHP:
1. itsumo> ( Lc no cng..... )
Dng th hin ti, ch mt thi quen thng xuyn.
Cu trc :
(thi gian) + Ch ng + <wa> + <itsumo> + <nani>, <doko> +
<o>, <e> + ng t
- V d :
<watashi wa itsumo asagohan o tabemasu>

( Ti th lc no cng n ba sng lc 6h sng )
Lu :
C th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
- 32 -
V d : Phan nh Phng
<watashi wa itsumo tomodachi to Phan nh Phng KURAZU de SAKKA- o shimasu>
(Ti th lc no cng chi banh vi bn b cu lc b Phan nh Phng)
2. ishshoni> (Cng nhau)
Dng mi mt ai lm vic g cng vi mnh.
Cu trc :
Cu hi :
(thi gian) + Ch ng + <wa> + <ishshoni> + ni chn + <de> +
<nani>; <doko> + <o>; <e>; <ni> + ng t + <masen ka>
Cu tr li :
ng : <ee>, ng t + <mashou>
Khng ng : V + <masen> (....<chotto....>
- V d :
<ashita watashi wa ishshoni RESUTORAN de hirugohan o tabemasen ka>

(Ngy mai ti vi bn cng i n tra nh hng nh? )
ng :
<ee, tabamashou><Vng, c thi>
Khng ng : ...)
<tabemasen, (chotto....)>
[Khng c (v g ....)]
Lu :
Cng c th thm vo cc yu t nh : vi ai, u... cho cu thm phong ph.
- 33 -
7
I.
T VNG
TNG
THI
T
GIO
TP
IN THOI

TH
TR, TR
TIU
CH
HOA
H VT
KIM
THIT PH

PH
MU
PH
MU
- 34 -
gi
tng
nhn
cho mn
mn
dy
hc
gi in
I
II
I
I
II
II
I
II
[gi in thoi]
tay
a
mung
dao
na
ko
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
my fax
dt
my nh ch
my tnh c nhn
ci bm l
ci bm giy
bng keo
cc gm
giy
hoa
o s mi
qu tng
hnh l
tin
v
l Noen
b ti
m ti
b ca bn
m ca bn
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
~ri
cha
t by gi
tuyt vi
xin li c ai nh
khng?
anh (ch) n chi
xin mi anh (ch)
vo nh
THT L
L HNH
TH SN
xin li, lm phin

~c c khng?
cho ti nhn
du lch
qu c sn, lu
nim (i du lch
mang v)
Chu u
dt
dt
dt
Lu :
T <hashi> c hai ngha. Mt ngha l a, ngha cn li l cy cu. phn bit nu
ngha l a th c xung ging (ging nh hch x vy ), cn ci kia th c ln ging.
Cn <kami> cng c hai ngha l tc v giy, nhng mnh khng bit cch phn bit,
chc da vo ngha ca cu. T <hana> th cng tng t nh <hashi> ngha l
ln ging l hoa, cn xung ging th l ci mi
II.
NG PHP
1. Mu cu 1:
Cu trc:
<dougu> + <de> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmasu>
Cch dng: Lm g bng dng c g .
- V d:
<watashi wa hasami de kami o kirimasu>

[Ti ct tc bng ko ( hoc ct giy cng c )]
<kinou anata wa nan de bangohan o tabemashita ka>

(Hm qua bn n cm ti bng g th ?) (V duyn qu )
<kinou watashi wa hashi de bangohan o tabemashita>

(Hm qua ti n cm ti bng a.)
- 35 -
2. Mu cu 2:
Cu trc:
<wa> + <kongo>+ <de> + <nan desuka>
Cch dng: Dng hi xem mt t no theo ngn ng no c l g.
- V d:
Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de nan desu ka>
(Good bye ting Nht l g th ?)
Good bye
<Good bye wa nihongo de sayounara desu>
(Good bye ting Nht l sayounara)
3. Mu cu 3:
Cu trc:
<dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <agemasu>
Cch dng: Khi tng ai ci g
- V d:
<watashi wa tomodachi ni PUREZENTO o agemasu>

(Ti tng qu cho bn)
4. Mu cu 4:
Cu trc:
<dare> + <ni> + <nani> + <o> + <moraimasu>
Cch dng: Dng ni khi mnh nhn mt ci g t ai .
- V d:
<watashi wa tomodachi ni hana o moraimasu>

(Ti nhn hoa t bn b)
5. Mu cu 5:
Cu trc:
Cu hi:
<mou> + <nani> + <o> + V <Vmashita ka>
Tr li:
V
<hai, mou Vmashita>
<iie, mada desu>

Cch dng:Dng hi mt ai lm cng vic no cha
- V d:
<anata wa mou bangohan o tabemashita ka>

(Bn n cm ti cha ?)
<hai, mou tabemashita>

(Vng, ti n ri)
- 36 -

<iie, mada desu>
(Khng, ti cha n)
Lu :
S khc nhau gia hai ng t <benkyoushimasu> v
<naraimasu> u c ngha l hc. Nhng <benkyoushimasu>
ngha l t hc, cn <naraimasu> th c ngha l hc t ai , c ngi no
truyn t.
C th thm vo cc yu t hc nh u, dp g...... cho cu thm sng ng. V vi
ng t <kashimasu>: cho mn; <karimasu>: mn,
<oshiemasu> : dy v <naraimasu> : hc th cc mu cu cng tng t nh
vy.
Nu cu ting Vit ca mnh v d l :
"Bn ti cho ti mn qu" th khi bn vit ra ting Nht th phi vit l "Ti nhn mn
qu t bn ti" ch khng th vit l "Bn ti cho ti mn qu" v i vi ngi Nht th l
iu bt lch s. i vi ngi Nht th h lun ni l h nhn ch khng bao gi ni l ngi
khc cho mnh.
() <dougu> : dng c
<kongo> : ngn ng
- 37 -
8
I.
T VNG:
sch, p
TNH
yn tnh
nhn nhp
ni ting
HU DANH
THN THIT t t
NGUYN KH
khe
tin
TIN LI
tuyt vi
T CH
to, ln
I
nh
TIU
mi
TN
C
c

tt
LNG
xu
C
(tr)
nng
NHIT
(tri) nng
TH
(tri) lnh
HN
(nc ) lnh
LNH
NN, NAN
(bi tp) kh
(bi tp) d
D, DCH
du dng, hin t
U
cao, t
CAO
r
AN
thp

DIN BCH th v
ngon
bn rn
MANG
LC, NHC
vui v
trng
BCH
en
HC
XCH
xanh
THANH
- 38 -
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
ANH
SN, SAN
INH
THC VT
S
LIU
MIN CNG
SINH HOT
S S
hoa anh o
ni
thnh ph
thc n
ch
k tc x
hc tp
cuc sng
cng vic
nh th no
~no
ci no
rt
khng ~ lm
v
~ nhng ~
NGUYN
c khe khng?
KH
nh
PH S SN,
ni Ph S
SAN
h Biwaco
T, T B H
Thng Hi
THT NHN 7 v s o(tn
TH
phim)
KIM CC T
tn cha
QUN quen
NHT BN,
BN SINH
quen vi cuc
HOT
sng Nht Bn cha?
QUN

NHT BI
thm 1 ly na nh

KT
thi, ri
CU

n lc ti phi v
THT L

ln sau li n chi
nh
- 39 -
II.
NG PHP:
By gi chng ta s bt u lm quen vi tnh t trong ting Nht
Trong Ting Nht c hai loi tnh t :
<ikeiyoushi> : tnh t 
<nakeiyoushi> : tnh t <na>
1. Tnh t <na>
a. Th khng nh hin ti:
Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>
- V d:
<Bo san wa shinsetsu desu.>

(Bo th t t )
<kono heya wa kirei desu.>

(Cn phng ny th sch s.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <ja arimasen>, khng
c <desu>
- V d:
A
<A san wa shinsetsu ja arimasen>
(A th khng t t.)
<kono heya wa kirei ja arimasen>

(Cn phng ny th khng sch s.)
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t <deshita>
- V d:
A
<A san wa genki deshita>
(A th khe.)
B

(B th ni ting.)
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
Khi nm trong cu th ng sau tnh t s l cm t
deshita>
- V d:
A
<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>
(A th khng khe.)
- 40 -
<ja arimasen
B

(B th khng ni ting.)
Lu :
Khi tnh t <na> i trong cu m ng sau n khng c g c th chng ta khng vit ch
<na> vo.
- V d:
A
<A san wa genki ja arimasen deshita>
(A th khng khe.)
ng: v khng c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.
A
<A san wa genki na ja arimasen deshita>
Sai: v c ch <na> ng sau tnh t.
e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung
Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th mi xut hin ch <na>
- V d:
<Ho Chi Minh shi wa nigiyaka na machi desu>

(Thnh ph H Ch Minh l mt thnh ph nhn nhp.)
Quc
<Quc san wa HANSAMU na hito desu>
<Quc l mt ngi p trai >
Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.
2. Tnh t 
a. Th khng nh hin ti:
Khi nm trong cu, th ng sau tnh t l t <desu>
- V d:
<kono tokei wa atarashii desu>

(Ci ng h ny th mi.)
<watashi no sensei wa yasashii desu>

(C gio ca ti th du dng.)
b. Th ph nh hin ti:
Khi ph nh, tnh t s b i v thm vo <kunai>vn c
<desu>
- V d:
<BETONAMU no tabemono wa taka kunai desu>

(Thc n ca Vit Nam th khng mc.)
cu trn, tnh t <takai> b thm <kunai> thnh
<taka kunai>
- 41 -
c. Th khng nh trong qu kh
th ny, tnh t s b i v thm vo <katta>, vn c <desu>
- V d:
<kinou watashi wa totemo isogashi katta desu>

(Ngy hm qua ti rt bn.)
cu trn, tnh t <isogashii> b thm <katta> thnh
<isogashi katta>
d. Th ph nh trong qu kh
th ny, tnh t s b i v thm vo <kuna katta>, vn c
<desu>
- V d:
<kinou watashi wa isogashi kuna katta desu>

(Ngy hm qua ti khng bn.)
cu trn, tnh t <isogashii> b thm <kuna katta>
thnh <isogashi kuna katta>
Lu :
i vi tnh t khi nm trong cu th khng nh u vit nguyn dng.
- V d:
<isogashii> khi nm trong cu th khng nh vn l <isogashii>
e. Theo sau tnh t l danh t chung
Khi ng sau tnh t l danh t chung th vn gi nguyn ch 
- V d:
<fujisan wa takai yama desu>

( Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
Tc dng: Lm nhn mnh ca cu.
f. Tnh t c bit
chnh l tnh t <ii> ngha l tt. Khi i sang ph nh trong hin ti, khng nh
qu kh, ph nh qu kh th <ii> s i thnh <yo>, cn khng nh hin ti th
vn bnh thng.
- V d:
<ii desu>: khng nh hin ti
<yo kunai desu>: ph nh trong hin ti
<yo katta desu>: khng nh qu kh
<yo kuna katta desu>: ph nh qu kh
3. Cch s dng <amari> v <totemo>
a. <amari>:
c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th ph nh ca tnh t c ngha
l khng...lm.
- 42 -
- V d:
Tnh t <na>
A
<A san wa amari HANSAMU ja arimasen>
(Anh A th khng c p trai lm.)
Tnh t 
<nihon no tabemono wa amari oishi kunai desu>

(Thc n ca Nht Bn th khng c ngon lm.)
b. <totemo>: c dng din t trng thi ca tnh t, lun i cng vi th khng
nh ca tnh t c ngha l rt.....
- V d:
Tnh t <na>
<kono uta wa totemo suteki desu>

<Bi ht ny tht tuyt vi>
Tnh t 
<kono jidousha wa totemo takai desu>

<Chic xe hi ny th rt mc.)
4. Cc mu cu
a. Mu cu 1:
S + <wa> + <dou> + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi mt vt hay mt ngi no (t khi dng) c tnh cht nh th no.
- V d:
<fujisan wa dou desu ka>

<Ni Ph S th trng nh th no vy?>
<fujisan wa takai desu>

<Ni Ph S th cao.>
b. Mu cu 2:
S + <wa> + <donna> + danh t chung + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi mt ni no , hay mt quc gia no , hay ai c tnh cht nh
th no (tng t nh mu cu trn nhng nhn mnh hn)
- V d:
A
<A san wa donna hito desu ka>
(Anh A l mt ngi nh th no vy ?)
A
<A san wa shinsetsu na hito desu>
(Anh A l mt ngi t t.)
- 43 -

<Fujisan wa donna yama desu ka>
(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni nh th no vy?)
<Fujisan wa takai yama desu>

(Ni Ph S l mt ngn ni cao.)
Cn lu l khi trong cu hi t hi l <donna> th khi tr li bt buc bn phi c
danh t chung i theo sau tnh t hoc <na> theo nh ng php mc e ca hai phn 1
v 2.
c. Mu cu 3:
<hito> + <no> + <mono> + <wa> + <dore> + <desu ka>
Cch dng: Dng hi trong mt ng vt th ci no l ca ngi .
- V d:
A
<A san no kaban wa dore desu ka>
<Ci cp no l ca anh A vy ?>
.......
<......kono kiiroi kaban desu>
<.......ci cp mu vng ny y.>
d. Mu cu 4:
S + <wa> + Adj 1 + <desu> + <soshite> + Adj2 + <desu>
Cch dng: <soshite> l t dng ni hai tnh t cng (r vi ngon ; p vi sch ;
t vi d.....) vi nhau, c ngha l khng nhng... m cn....
- V d:
<HOCHIMINH shi wa nigiyaka desu, soshite kirei desu>

<Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng ch nhn nhp m cn sch s na.>
A
<A san wa minikui desu, soshite warui desu>
<Anh A khng nhng xu trai m cn xu bng na.>
e. Mu cu 5:
S + <wa> + Adj1 + <desu> + <ga> + Adj2 + <desu>
Cch dng: Mu cu ny tri ngc vi mu cu trn l dng ni hai tnh t m mt bn l
khen v mt no , cn bn kia th ch mt no (r nhng d ; p trai nhng xu
bng........).
- V d:
B

<Anh B tuy p trai nhng m xu bng.>
<betonamu no tabemono wa takai desu ga, oishii desu>

<Thc n ca Vit Nam tuy mc nhng m ngon.>
- 44 -
9
I.
T VNG:
HO
HIM
THNG TH
H TH
LIU L
M VT
D CU
M LC, NHC
CA
CA V K
HI
T
HN T
BNH GI
DANH
PHIN GI
DANH
T
T
KIM
c( vt)
thch
ght
Gii
tt
d
vic nu nng thc
n
thc ung
th thao
d cu
khiu v
m nhc
bi ht
nhc c in
nhc jazz
bui biu din m
nhc
karaoke
nhc kabuki ca Nht
tranh
ch
ch kanji
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
ch hiragana
dt
ch katakana
dt
ch romaji
dt
tin l
dt
v
THI, TH GIAN thi gian
DNG S
vic ring
C THC
hn
chng(ca ngi
CH NHN
khc)
PHU / CH
chng(ca mnh)
NHN
- 45 -
I
tt
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
O
TH / GIA NI
T, T CUNG
TO QUY,
QUI
TC
TN NIM
NHT T
...
II.
v(ca ngi khc)

v(ca mnh)
tr con
hiu(r)
I HC
THIU, THIU
TON NHIN

KIM
NGUYN

i hc
nhiu
mt cht
hon ton~khng
i khi
(v)sm
nhanh
~v, do
ti sao
ng tic tht
alo
cngc c
khng?
th(ng khng
c)
khng c phi
khng?
hn k sau
NG PHP:
1. Mu cu 1:
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasu> : c ci g ...
+ +
<mono ( vt)> + <ga> + (tnh cht) <arimasen>: khng c ci g ...
2. Mu cu:
+ + +
<~wa> + <mono ( vt)> + <ga> + <arimasu ka> : ai c ci g khng ?
- V d:
Lan
dt
dt
dt

- 46 -
dt
<Lan chan wa nihongo no jisho ga arimasu ka>

(Lan c t in ting Nht khng?)

<hai, nihongo no jisho ga arimasu>
(Vng, ti c t in ting Nht)
Quc
<Quc kun wa jitensha ga arimasu ka>
(Quc c xe p khng?)

<iie, jitensha ga arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng c xe p)
3. Mu cu 3:
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasu> : hiu vn g ...
Danh t + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <wakarimasen>: khng hiu vn g ...
4. Mu cu:
+ danh t + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> +<wakarimasu ka> : ai c hiu ci vn no khng ?
- V d:
Bo
<Bo kun wa nihongo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Bo c hiu ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga sukoshi wakarimasu>
<Vng, ti hiu cht cht>
Quc
<Quc kun wa kankokugo ga wakarimasu ka>
(Quc c hiu ting Hn Quc khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa kankokugo ga zenzen wakarimasen>
(Khng, ti hon ton khng hiu)
5. Mu cu 5:
Danh t +
+
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <suki> + <desu> : thch ci g ...

Danh t +
+
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <kirai> +<desu> : ght ci g ...

6. Mu cu 6:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <suki> + <desu ka> : ai c thch ci g hay khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <kirai> + <desu ka> : ai c ght ci g khng ?
- 47 -
- V d:
Long
<Long kun wa nihongo ga suki desu ka>
(Long c thch ting Nht khng ?)

<hai, watashi wa nihongo ga totemo suki desu>
(Vng, ti rt thch ting Nht)
A
<A san wa KARAOKE ga suki desu ka>
(A c thch karaoke khng ?)

<iie, watashi wa KARAOKE ga amari suki ja arimasen>
(Khng, ti khng thch karaoke lm)
Ch :
Cc bn nn hn ch dng <kirai> v t kh nhy cm vi ngi Nht, nu cc bn ch
hi khng thch th nn dng ph nh ca <suki> l <suki ja
arimasen> cng vi <amari> gim mc ca cu ni , tr khi mnh qu ght th .
7. Mu cu 4:
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <jouzu> + <desu> : gii ci g ...
Danh t + + +
Danh t + <ga> + (tnh cht) <heta> + <desu> : d ci g ...
8. Mu cu 8:
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <jouzu> + <desu ka> : ai c gii v ci g khng ?
+ danh t + + +
<~wa> + danh t + <ga> + <heta> + <desu ka> : ai c d v ci g khng ?
- V d:
B

(B c gii ting Nht khng ?)
B
<iie, B san wa nihongo ga amari jouzu ja arimasen>
(Khng, B khng gii ting Nht lm)
A
<A san wa SUPO-TSU ga jouzu desu ka>
(A c gii th thao khng ?)
A
<hai, A san wa SUPO-TSU ga totemo jouzu desu>
(Vng, anh A rt gii th thao)
- 48 -
Ch : tng t nh trn, cc bn cng nn trnh dng <heta> v n c th gy mch lng

ngi khc y. Ch nn dng ph nh ca <jouzu> cng vi <amari> l
<amari jouzu ja arimasen> tr khi ngi qu d.
9. Mu cu 9:
Cu hi ti sao: <doushite~ka>
Cu tr li bi v:~<~kara>
- V d:
A
<kesa A san wa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta>
(Sng nay A khng n trng)
Bui ti, B sang nh hi A :
B:
B:<doushite kesa gakkou e ikimasen deshi ta ka><Ti sao sng nay bn khng n trng?>
A:
A:<watashi wa genki ja arimasen deshi ta kara>
(Bi v ti khng khe)
10. Mu cu 10:
V l do g nn lm ci g .
,
~
+ danh t + V
<~kara>, <~wa> + danh t + <wo> + <Vmasu>
- V d:

<watashi wa nihongo no hon ga arimasen kara>
(Bi v ti khng c sch ting Nht>

<watashi wa nihongo no hon wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua sch ting Nht)

<watashi wa okane ga takusan arimasu kara>
(Bi v ti c nhiu tin)

<watashi wa kuruma wo kaimasu>
(Nn ti mua xe hi)
11. Mu cu 11:
Ch ng + + danh t chung + + / +
Ch ng + <donna> + danh t chung + <ga> + <jouzu>/<suki> + <desu ka> : Ai c
gii/thch v mt loi ca mt lnh vc no .
- V d:
A /
<A san wa donna SUPO-TSU ga suki / jouzu desu ka>
(Anh A thch/gii loi th thao no ?)
/
<watashi wa SAKKA- ga suki / jouzu desu>
(Ti thch/gii bng )
- 49 -
10
I.
T VNG:

SC (kp)
NAM NHN
N NHN
KHUYN
MIU
MC
VT
HUYN
THNG
H
TIN
HU
IN TR
TNG,
SNG
LNH TNG
KH
BNG
SONG
CNG VIN
KHIT TR
IM
BN, BN C
C
THA
TRNG
- 50 -
c( vt)
nhiu loi
ngi n ng, con
trai
ph n, con gi
con ch
con mo
cy
vt
I
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
cun phim
dt
cc pin
dt
ci hp
dt
cng tc in
dt
t lnh
dt
bn trn
ging
ci k
ca ra vo
ca s
thng th
ta nh cao tng
cng vin
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
qun nc
dt
hiu sch
~hiu, qun
dt
bn xe, bn ga, tu
dt
huyn(tng ng
tnh ca VN)
trn
di
trc
sau
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
II.
HU
T
TRUNG
NGOI
LN
CN

GIAN
ON MC
bn phi
bn tri
bn trong
bn ngoi
bn cnh
ch gn y
gia~v~
chng
hn~hay(hoc)l
~nht
ngn th~
xin li
pha trong
tng t
quy gia v
NG PHP:
1. Mu Cu 1:
Danh T + +
Danh T + <ga> + <imasu> : c ai , c con g
2. Mu Cu 2:

<doko> + <ni> + <dare> + <ga> + <imasu ka> : u c ai vy ?
- V d:

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )
3. Mu Cu 3:
Cu hi c ci g hay ai khng ?
/ + + /
<dare / nani> + <ka> + <imasu ka / arimasu ka>
i vi lai cu hi ny, cu tr li bt buc phi l:
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
hoc l:
/
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
- 51 -
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Ch :
Cc bn cn phn bit cu hi tr t <ga> v <ka> i vi ng t <imasu> v
<arimasu>
Cu hi c tr t <ga> l yu cu cu tr li phi l k ra (nu c) hoc nu khng c th phi tr
li l:
/ /
<nani / dare mo arimasen / imasen>
- V d:
Tr t <ga>

<kouen ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong cng vin c ai vy ?)

<kouen ni otoko no hito to onna no hito ga futari imasu>
(Trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng v mt ngi n b )
hoc l:

<kouen ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong cng vin khng c ai c)
Tr t <ka>
/ /
<kissaten ni dare / nani ka imasu ka / arimasu ka>
(Trong qun nc c ai / vt g khng ?)
/
<hai, imasu / arimasu>
(Vng c)
hoc l:
, /
<iie, imasen / arimasen>
(Khng c)
4. Mu Cu 4:
<shita (bn di)>
<mae (ng trc)>
<migi (bn phi)>
<naka (bn trong)>
<tonari (bn cnh)>
<aida ( gia)>
<ue ( trn)>
<ushiro (ng sau>
<hidari (bn tri)>
<soto (bn ngoi)>
<chikaku (ch gn y)>
Nhng t trn l nhng t ch v tr

+ + t xc nh v tr + + / + + /
<tokoro> + <no> + t xc nh v tr + <ni> + <dare> / <nani> + <ga> + <imasu ka / arimasu
ka> : u c ai hay vt g, con g
- 52 -
- V d:

<sono hako no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci g vy ?)

<sono hako no naka ni hasami ga arimasu>
(Trong ci hp kia c ci ko)

<anata no kokoro no naka ni dare ga imasu ka>
(Trong tri tim ca bn c ngi no khng ?)

<watashi no kokoro no naka ni dare mo imasen>
(Trong tri tim ti khng c ai c)
5. Mu Cu 5:
Mu cu <arimasu> v <imasu> khng c tr t <ga>
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn ++ t ch v tr + /
Ch ng (ng vt, vt) + ni chn + <no> + t ch v tr + <ni> + <arimasu> / <imasu>
- V d:

<HANOI shi wa doko ni arimasu ka>
(Thnh ph H Ni u vy ?)

<HANOI shi wa betonamu ni arimasu>
(Thnh ph H Ni Vit Nam)
Khi vt no hay ai l ch ng th sau ni chn v trc ng t <arimasu> v
<imasu> khng cn tr t <ga>
6. Mu Cu 6:
()<ya(nado)> : Chng hn nh....
- V d:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni nani ga arimasu ka>
(Trong phng hc ny c ci g vy ?)
Cch 1:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue to hon to enpitsu to kaban to jisho ga arimasu>

(Trong phng hc ny c bn, sch, bt ch, cp, t in.)
Cch 2:

<kono kyoushitsu no naka ni tsukue ya hon nado ga arimasu>
(Trong phng hc ny c nhiu th chng hn nh bn, sch...)
- 53 -
Nh vy cch dng ()<ya(nado)> dng rt ngn cu tr li, khng cn phi lit

k ht ra.
7. Mu Cu 7:
Danh t 1 + + Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + /
Danh t 1 + <wa> + Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + <arimasu> /
imasu>
Hoc:
Danh t 2 + + Danh t 3 + + + + Danh t 3 + + /
Danh t 2 + <to> + Danh t 3 + <no> + <aida> + <ni> + Danh t 3 + <ga> + <arimasu> /
<imasu>
- V d:

<kissaten wa honya to hanaya no aida ni arimasu>
(Qun nc th gia tim sch v tim hoa)
Hoc:

<honya to hanaya no aida ni kissaten ga arimasu>
( gia tim sch v tim bn hoa c mt qun nc)
- 54 -
11
I.
T VNG:
NHT NHN
NH NHN
NHN
MAI
HI
NHT BN,
BN
HU
NHT
NH
TAM
T
NG
LC
THT
BT
CU
THP
THIT TH
DIP TH
PHONG NG
TC T
TH LU
THUYN TIN
- 55 -
[ Nht Bn]
mt, tn
ngh
1 ci
2 ci
3 ci
4 ci
5 ci
6 ci
7 ci
8 ci
9 ci
10 ci
bao nhiu ci
2 ngi
~ngi
~ci, chic(my
mc)
~t, tm(m vt
mng)
~ln
to
cam
bnh sandwich
I
I
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
(cm) cri
dt
kem
tem
bu thip
phong b
chuyn pht nhanh
gi bo m
(gi bng)ng
hnh khng
gi bng ng tu
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
LNG,
LNG THN
HUYNH
HUYNH
HUYNH
T, T
T, T

MUI
MUI
NGOI QUC
THI, TH GIAN
CHU GIAN
NGUYT
NIN
TON B
GIAI
HI THOI
)
THIN KH

XUT

dt
anh em
anh trai(ti)
dt
dt
anh trai(bn)
dt
ch gi(ti)
ch gi(bn)
em trai(ti)
em trai(bn)
em gi(ti)
em gi(bn)
nc ngai
~gi ng h
~tun
~thng
~nm
Khong ~
bao lu
ton b
mi ngi
~ch
xin mi qu khch vo
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
tri p qu nh !
i ra ngoi y h?
n ~mt cht
b m
HNH

HNH

HNH

HNH

(anh)i nh
(anh)i nh
(ti)i y
(ti)i y
sau
nc c
THC TRANG

TC Tip tc lm..
- 56 -
II.
NG PHP:
Ng Php:
V tr ca s lng trong cu : ng sau tr t <ga>, <wo>
1. Mu Cu 1:
Danh t + + / / / / ... + /
Danh t + <ga> + <tsu / nin / dai / mai / kai...> + arimasu / imasu
- V d:

<ima, kouen no naka ni otoko no hito ga hitori imasu>
(By gi trong cng vin c mt ngi n ng.)

<watashi wa SHATSU ga ni mai arimasu>
(Ti c hai ci o s mi.)
2. Mu Cu 2:
Yu cu ai a cho mnh ci g : <wo> + <kudasai>
3. Mu Cu 3:
Danh t + <wo> + s lng + <kudasai>
- V d:
<kami wo ni mai kudasai>
(a cho ti hai t giy, lm n)
4. Mu Cu 3:
Trong khong thi gian lm c vic g : tr t
<ni>
5. Mu Cu 5:
Khong thi gian + <ni> + V <V masu>
- V d:

<ish shuukan ni san kai nihon go wo benkyoushi masu>
(Ti hc ting Nht mt tun ba ln.)
6. Mu Cu 6:
<dono kurai> c s dng hi khong thi gian lm ci g .
<gurai> t sau s lng c ngha l khong bao nhiu .
7. Mu Cu 7:
<dono kurai> + danh t + <wo> + V <V masu>
danh t + <ga> + s lng + <gurai> + / <arimasu / imasu>
- V d:
Long
<Long san wa dono kurai nihon go wo benkyoushi mashita ka>
(Anh Long hc ting Nht c bao lu ri ?)
- 57 -

< san nen benkyoushi mashita>
(Ti hc ting Nht c 3 nm)

<kono gakkou ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu>
(Trong trng ny c khong ba mi gio vin.)
Lu :
Cch dng cc t hi s lng cng tng t tc l cc t hi vn ng sau tr t.
- V d:

<anata no uchi ni TEREBI ga nan dai arimasu ka>
(Nh ca bn c bao nhiu ci ti vi ?)

<watashi no uchi ni TEREBI ga ichi dai dake arimasu>
(Nh ca ti ch c mt ci ti vi.)
A
<A san no gokazoku ni hito ga nan nin imasu ka>
(Gia nh ca anh A c bao nhiu ngi vy ?)

<watashi no kazoku ni hito ga yo nin imasu>
(Gia nh ti c 4 ngi.)
- 58 -
12
I.
T VNG:
CN
VIN
TC
TR
A
NHN
THIU, THIU

NHN
NON
LNG
CAM
TN
TRNG, TRNG
nng
nh
KHINH
tt, c
gn
xa
nhanh, sm
chm, tr
nhiu
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
nhiu ngi
t
tt
t ngi
(kh hu)m p
(canh, cm,
nc,..)m
mt m
ngt
cay
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
c ph cng c
TIT TIT
XUN
H
THU
NG
THIN KH
V, V
TUYT
M
KHNG,
KHNG CNG
HI
TH GII
- 59 -
cc ma trong nm
ma xun
ma h, ma h
ma thu
ma ng
thi tit
ma
tuyt
my
khch sn
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
sn bay
dt
bin
th gii
dt
dt
T
TH NGHIM
THIU
THCH THN
TH
T, TY
II.
SINH HOA
HNG DIP
S
HNG CNG
ba tic
l hi
k thi
mn sukiyaki ca
Nht
mn sashimi
dt
dt
dt
mn sushi
dt
mn tempura
ngh thut cm hoa
l
ng no
ng no cng
hn hn, hn nhiu
ln u tin
Hng Kng
Singapore
dt
dt
dt
HI THOI
ti v y
anh v y
(ngi nh ni)
nhiu d vy
nhng m
B
CH VIN T
mt
l hi cu c ma
NG PHP:
1. Ng php 1:
Gii thiu v cch s dng Tnh t , Tnh t <na>
( Xin xem li BI 8 )
2. Ng php 2:
C php ca cu so snh hn:
Danh T 1 + + Danh T 2 + + Tnh T +
Danh T 1 + <wa> + Danh T 2 + <yori> + Tnh T + <desu>
- V d:

<BETONAMU ryouri wa nihon ryouri yori yasui desu>
(Thc n ca Vit Nam th r hn thc n Nht Bn)

<kono kuruma wa ano kurama yori ookii desu>
(Chic xe hi ny th ln hn chic xe hi kia)
- 60 -
dt
dt
dt
dt
3. Ng php 3:
C php ca cu hi so snh:
Danh T 1 + + Danh T 2 + + + + Tnh T +
Danh T 1 + <to> + Danh T 2 + <to> + <dochira> + <ga> + Tnh T + <desu ka>
C php ca cu tr li:
Danh T + + + + Tnh T +
Danh T + <no> + <hou> + <ga> + Tnh T + <desu ka>
- V d:
A B
<A san to B san to dochira ga HANSAMU desu ka>
(Gia anh A v anh B th ai p trai hn ?)
A
<A san no hou ga HANSAMU desu>
(Anh A p trai hn)
4. Ng php 4:
C php ca cu so snh nht:
<doko>
<itsu>
<dare>
Danh T + <de> + <nani> + <ga> + <ichiban> + Tnh T +
<desu ka><dore>
<.......>
- V d:

<BETONAMU de doko ga ichiban nigiyaka desu ka>
( Vit Nam th ni no l nhn nhp nht vy ?)

<BETONAMU de HO-CHIMIN shi ga ichiban nigiyaka desu>
( Vit Nam th thnh ph H Ch Minh l nhn nhp nht)

<gokazoku de dare ga ichiban sega takai desu ka>
(Trong gia nh bn th ai l ngi cao nht?)

<kazoku de chichi ga ichiban sega takai desu>
(Trong gia nh th cha ti l ngi cao nht)
- 61 -
13
T VNG:
I.
VNH
NGHNH,
NGHINH
B
XUT
TH CH

NHP
KHIT TR
IM
XUT
KHIT TR
IM
KT HN
MI VT

THC S
TN B
CNG VIN

I BIN
DC
TCH
BI
QUNG
HIP
TH DCH S

XUYN
KINH T
M THUT
IU

HI NGH
NG LC
CHU MT
- 62 -
bi
II
mt
cho ra, a ra
II
I
gi th
i vo
i vo qun c ph
ra
II
ra khi qun c ph
kt hn, lp gia nh
III
mua sm
III
dng ba
i do
i do trong cng
vin
rt, lm, qu
mun(ci g)
bun c n
bun au kh
rng
hp, cht
y ban nhn dn
h bi
sng
kinh t
m thut
cu, vic cu c
trt tuyt
hi ngh, cuc hp
s ng k h tch
cui tun
III
III
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
KHONH
H
khang
ci g
ch no , ni no
PHC, PHC
KHNG,
i bng ri
KHNG

PHC, PHC

no ri

KHT kht nc

nh(ng vi
kin ca ngi ta)

(lm nh vy i)

nc CHLB Nga

tn ca tim

tn chng trnh

CH VN
qu khch gi g?
mt phn n, cm
NH THC
phn
tn mn n
NGU
THIU, THIU

xin ch mt
(kp) I
cht(knh ng)

ring bit(khi tnh
BIT (kp)
tin)
II.
NG PHP:
1. Ng php 1:
+ + + + ()
<Mono> ( vt) + <ga> + <hoshii> + <desu> + <(ka)>
Cch dng: Dng biu th mun c mt ci g .
- V d:

<ima, anata wa nani ga hoshii desu ka>
(By gi bn mun ci g ?)

<watashi wa PAN ga hoshii desu>
(Ti mun c mt bnh m.)
- 63 -
dt
dt
2. Ng php 2:
+ (, ) + V + + ()
<Nani> + <ga(wo, e)> + V<tai> + <desu> + <(ka)>
ng t trng ng php ny c ui l <tai>, cch i nh sau:
b <masu> thm <tai>
<tabe masu> --------------> <tabe> ---------------> <tabe tai> : mun n
<ne masu> --------------> <ne> ---------------> <ne tai> : mun ng
Cch dng: Ni ln c mun c lm g .
- V d:

<ashita, anata wa nani wo shitai desu ka>
(Bn mun lm g vo ngy mai ?)

<ashita, watashi wa inaka e kaeri tai desu>
(Ngy mai ti mun tr v qu.)
A
<A san wa nani wo tabe tai desu ka>
(Anh A mun n mn g vy ?)

(watashi wa tempura wo tabe tai desu>
(Ti mun n mn tempura)
Ch :
Khi m cu hi l <hoshii> th cu tr li phi l <hoshii>. Cn cu hi l
<tai> th cu tr li cng phi l <tai>
Trng hp ph nh ca tnh t <hoshii> v V <tai> (y l ng t nhng ph nh
nh tnh t)
- V y l tnh t nn ph nh ca n s l:
b thm <kunai>
<hoshii> ---------> <hoshi> --------------> <hoshi kunai> (khng mun)
V <tai> ---------> V <ta> ------------------> V <takunai> (khng mun lm)
- V d:

<watashi wa tomodachi ga hoshi kunai desu>
(Ti khng mun c bn.) (C n )

<watashi wa PAN ga tabe takunai desu>
(Ti khng mun n bnh m.)
3. Ng php 3:
Danh T (ni chn) + <e> +Noun (V khng <masu> + <ni> + <iki
masu> / <ki masu> / <kaeri masu>
Cch dng: Dng khi mun biu th rng : i n u lm g .
- 64 -
- V d:
ng t

<watashi wa nihon e nihongo wo benkyoushi ni iki tai desu>
(Ti mun n Nht Bn hc ting Nht.)
Danh t
<ashita, watashi wa kyouto no omatsuri ni iki

masu>
(Ngy mai ti i n l hi Tokyo)
- 65 -
14
I.
T VNG:
CH
KHC
HU
TR
TH
TH TRUYN
IN KH

TIU
IN KH

KHAI
B
CP
I
HU T

bt n
tt(n, TV)
tt n
m
m(ca)
ng
ng(ng ca)
vi vng, gp gp
ch i
II
II
I
I
ch bn
dng li(xe, my),
u(xe)
quo
quo phi
cm, mang, c
ly
II
I
I
I
gip
gi
gi taxi
THOI
KIN
GIO
TR, TR S

THY
TH, TH
NGHIP
GING, HNG
V, V
- 66 -
ni chuyn, k
cho xem
dy, cho bit, ch bo
I
II
II
cho bit a ch
bt u
II
bt u gi hc
ri
ma ri
II.
TR, TR S
A
DIM
SA NG
C
PHNG
PHNG
HU
THIU,
THIU
photo
my iu ha khng
kh
h chiu
a ch
bn
mui
ng
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
cch c
cch
chm ri, thong th,
t t
ngay lp tc
li na
sau
thm mt cht na
c y
no, vy th
din t s ngc nhin
HI THOI
TN HIU
HU KHC

HNH
NGUYN

IU
hy quo phi ch
n giao thng
i thng
cho ti gi(ni khi
tr tin)
tin thi li
NG PHP:
Ng php bi ny rt l kh, v y l mt trong nhng ng php thng xuyn dng trong ting
Nht, nu khng nm k phn ny, cc bn s khng th no bc ln tip uc.
1. Ng php 1:
<te kei>(TH TE)
Trc gi chc hn cc bn khi hc ng t u ch hc qua ch khng h l ng t trong
ting Nht c chia lm 3 nhm. Trc khi vo th <Te>, cc bn cn phi nm vng v bit
- 67 -
CCH PHN BIT NG T NO NHM NO
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
2. Ng php 2:
Yu cu ai lm g : ng t trong mu cu ny c chia th <te>, th cc bn va mi hc.
V <te> + <kudasai> : Yu cu ai lm g .
- V d:

<koko ni namae to juusho wo kaite kudasai>
(Lm n vit tn v a ch ca bn vo ch ny)

<watashi no machi wo kite kudasai>
(Hy n thnh ph ca ti)
3. Ng php 3:
Din t hnh ng ang lm ( tng t nh th hin ti tip din trong ting Anh y m)
V <te> + <imasu> : khng nh
V <te> + <imasen> : ph nh
- V d:

<MIRA san wa ima denwa wo kakete imasu>
(Anh Mira ang gi in thoi)

<ima ame ga futte imasu ka>
(By gi ma ang ri phi khng ?)

<hai, futte imasu>
(, ng vy)

<iie, futte imasen>
(Khng, khng c ma)
- 68 -
4. Ng php 3:
Hi ngi khc rng mnh c th lm iu g cho h khng ?
V <masu> + <mashou> +<ka>
- V d:

<kasa wo kashi mashou ka>
(Ti cho bn mn mt cy d nh ?)

<sumimasen. onegaishi masu>
(Vng, lm n.)
- 69 -
15
I.
T VNG:
TA
S, S
TR
TC
TO, THO
MI
TRI
TRI
IN THOI
PHIN HIU

TR, TR
TR, TR

I PHN

NGHIN CU

T LIU

THI, TH
KHC BIU
PHC
CH PHM

CHUYN MN
X Y GI
SNG C
C THN
HI THOI
C
T XUT
GIA TC
- 70 -
ngi
s dng
t,
lm, sn xut
lm(nh,)
bn
bit
bit
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
bit s in thoi
sinh sng
ang sng
sng Osaka
nghin cu
III
ti liu
cun Catalogue
dt
dt
lch trnh(tu, xe)
dt
trang phc
sn phm
phn mm(my tnh)
chuyn mn
nha s
tim ht tc(dnh
cho nam gii)
ni bn v(kch, ha
nhc)
c thn
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
c bit
nh
I
gia nh(ca ngi khc)
II.
CAO HIU,
GIO
(knh ng)
trng cp 3
NG PHP:
Ng php bi ny vn thuc th <te>. V th <te> th xin cc bn xem li bi 14.

1. Ng php 1:
Hi mt ngi no rng mnh c th lm mt iu g khng ? Hay bo mt ai rng h c th
lm iu g .
V <te> + <mo ii desu> + <ka>
- V d:

<shashin wo totte mo ii desu>
(Bn c th chp hnh)

<tabako wo sutte mo ii desu ka>
(Ti c th ht thuc khng ?)
2. Ng php 2:
Ni vi ai rng h khng c php lm iu g .
V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen>
Lu rng ch <wa> trong mu cu ny v y l ng php nn khi vit phi vit ch <ha>
trong bng ch, nhng vn c l <wa>.
- V d:

<koko de tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen>
(Bn khng c php ht thuc y)

<sensei, koko de asonde mo ii desu ka>
(Tha ngi, chng con c th chi y c khng ?)
<hai, ii desu>
(c ch.)
<iie, ikemasen>
(Khng, cc con khng c php)
Lu :
i vi cu hi m c cu trc V <te> + <wa> + <ikemasen> th nu bn tr li
l:
<hai> th i sau n phi l <ii desu> : c php
<iie> th i sau n phi l <ikemasen> : khng c php
- 71 -
Lu :
i vi ng t <shitte imasu> c ngha l bit th khi chuyn sang ph nh l <shiri masen>
- V d:

<watashi no denwa bango wo shitte imasu ka>
(Bn c bit s in thoi ca ti khng ?)

<hai, shitte imasu>
(Bit ch)

<iie, shirimasen>
(Khng, mnh khng bit)
- 72 -
16
I.
T VNG:
IN XA
THA
GING, HNG

IN XA
GING, HNG

THA HON
DC
NHP
XUT

NHP
I HC
XUT
I HC
T
HI X
NHC
TRNG
ON
MINH
BI CAO
U
TH
- 73 -
i xe in
xung (tu, xe)
II
Xung xe in
sang xe, i xe
II
tm
II
Tm bng vi sen
b vo
a ra, xut ra
II
I
Rt tin ti Ngn
hng
vo ( vo i hc)
Vo i Hc
ra, ri( ra trng)
II
Ra trng
t b,ngh(vic)
II
Ngh vic Cng ty

n, y
tr trung
di
ngn
sng sa
ti, m u
dng ngi cao
thng minh
thn th
ci u
I
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
dt
dt
PHT
NHAN
MC
NH
KHU
X
PHC, PHC
TC

LC
T
THN X
LU HC SINH
NHT PHIN

NHN

JR
JR
JR

DN
XUT
TIN
TH
XC NHN
KIM NGCH
- 74 -
tc
khun mt
mt
tai
ming
rng
ci bng
chn
s phc v
vic chy b
vi hoa sen
cy xanh, mu xanh
lc
cha
n th
du hc sinh
th nht
lm nh th no
no
ngi no
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
khng, vn cha
Tn mt loi tu ca
Nht Bn
Chu
Tn a
danh(Indonesia)
Tn a
danh(Mexico)
Tn a danh(c)
anh rt tin phi
khng?
nt bm
th tn dng
trc tin, trc ht
k tip
xc nhn
s tin
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
II.
NG PHP:
1. Mu cu 1:
Cch ghp cc cu n thnh cu ghp bng cch dng th
V1 V2 V
- V d:
Ti dy vo lc 6 gi sng, n sng , ri n trng.
Ti qua, ti lm bi tp, xem ti vi, c sch mt cht ri ng.

2. Mu cu 2
Ni 2 hnh ng li vi nhau. Sau khi lm ci g ri lm ci g .
V1
- V d:
Sau khi n cm th ti i xem phim.

3. Mu cu 3
Ni v c im ca ai , ca ci g hoc mt ni no .
Danh T 1 Danh T 2 Tnh T
N y l danh t, N2 l thuc tnh ca N1, A l tnh t b ngha cho N2.
- V d:
Nht Bn th c nhiu ni.

HaNoi Pho
H Ni th ph ngon.
4. Mu cu 4
Cch ni cu i vi tnh t
Tnh t ui b thm
Tnh t ui b thm
- V d:
Cn phng ny va rng va sang
C ta va p va tt bng.
- 75 -
17
I.
T VNG:
VONG
V, M
XUT
qun
nh mt
a, trao, np
II
I
I
Np bo co
M
DC M

PHT
PHN
XUT
THOT
TR
TR
TM PHI
TN NGHIP

XUT TRNG

NHP
PHONG L
NHP
I THIT
I TRNG
PHU
NGUY
VN
P
CM YN
KIN KHANG
KIN KHANG
BO HIM
CHNG
PHONG T
KIN DN

- 76 -
ung
ung thuc
tr tin
tr li
i ra ngoi
ci ra
mang theo
mang n
I
I
II
I
I
III
lo lng
III
lm thm gi, tng

ca
III
i cng tc
III
i vo
Tm(bn)
quan trng
khng sao
tt
nguy him
vn
cu tr li
cm ht thuc
sc khe
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
th bo him
dt
gi
dt
B cm
NHIT
23
THNG
HU
II.
nhit
B st
BNH KH
DC
PHONG L
THNG
TRC
H TRC
TIN SINH
NHT
I S
bnh
thuc ung
bn tm
dt
dt
dt
o khoc(ngn)
dt
lt
t dng gi bc s
2,3 ngy
trc~
v vy
dt
dt
dt
anh b sao vy
au
au n, au kh.
c hng
chc anh mau ht
bnh
NG PHP:
1. Mu cu yu cu ai khng lm g y.
Cu trc :
V
Cch chia sang th
dt
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
- 77 -
- V d:
Xin ng ht thuc
Xin ng qun tin

2. Mu cu phi lm g :
Cu trc:
V ->V (Th b thay bng
- V d:
Ti phi lm bi tp
Ti phi ung thuc

3. Mu cu khng lm g cng c:
Cu trc:
V ->V ( B thay bng
- V d:
Khng n sng cng c
Ngy mai khng n trng cng c
- 78 -
18
I.
T VNG:
TY
N, N

N, N
CA
TP
S
HON
VN CHUYN
D C
KIN HC
QUC T
QUC T IN
THOI
HIN KIM
TH V
NHT K
K
KHA TRNG
B TRNG
X TRNG

NG VT

DIN
BCH
MC TRNG
BN, BN
NG

- 79 -
ra
chi n
I
I
Chi n dng cm
Chi n dng cm
tp hp, su tp
vt b i
i
I
II
II
II
li xe
III
hn trc, t trc
i thm quan hc
hi
quc t
III
III
in thoi quc t
dt
dt
tin mt
dt
s thch
dt
nht k
dt
cu nguyn
dt
trng ban
dt
trng phng
dt
gim c
dt
piano
dt
ng vt
dt
con nga
t biu thi khen(, ng y)
iu tht th v
mi m khng~
bi chn nui, trang
tri chn nui
tht sao?
nht nh
II.
NG PHP:
1. Ng php 1:
Ai c th, c kh nng lm g .
Chia ng t th nguyn mu cng vi <koto ga dekimasu>
C php:
Danh T + + V( + + +
Danh T + wo + V(jishokei) + koto + ga + dekimasu
- V d:

<watashi wa 100 ME-TORU oyogu koto ga dekimasu>
(Ti c th bi 100 mt)
A
A
A san wa kanji wo 300 ji oboeru koto ga dekimasen
(Anh A khng th nh 300 ch kanji)
2. Ng php 2:
i vi ng t chia th nguyn mu cng vi <maeni>
danh t cng vi <no> cng vi <maeni>
thi gian cng vi <maeni>
C php:
Danh T + + V() + : Trc khi lm ci g ,.........
Danh T + wo + V(jishokei) + maeni
Danh T + + : Trc ci g ,................
Danh T + no + maeni
+ : Cch y........,..............
jikan + maeni
- V d:

<watashi wa mainichi neru maeni, manga wo yondeimasu>
(Mi ngy trc khi ng, ti u c truyn tranh)

<shiken no maeni, benkyoushita bunpou wo fukushuushi nakerebanarimasen>
(Trc k thi, phi n li nhng vn phm hc)
DamSen
DamSen
<3 nen maeni, DamSen kouen e kimashita>
(Cch y 3 nm ti n cng vin m Sen)
- 80 -
3. Ng php 3:
S thch l g
Chia ng t (nu c) th nguyn mu cng vi <kotodesu>
C php:
Danh T + V() + +
Danh T + V(jishokei) + koto + desu
- V d:
Q : A
A
A san, goshumi wa nan desu ka
(A san, s thch ca bn l g vy)
A :

watashi no shumi wa manga wo yomu koto desu
(S thch ca mnh l c truyn tranh)
- 81 -
19
I.
T VNG:
BC, PHCH
TO TR
TY TRC
LUYN TP

MIN
CNG
NHC
IU T, T
[
]
IU T, T

[ IU T, T
C ]
NHT

TNG,
TNG PHC,
BC

TR
TR O
ON (kp)

M DNG
CAN, CN,
KIN BI
THC

H HI

V, M L
- 82 -
Cn visa
tr li
lau chi
III
git gi
III
luyn tp
III
tr nn
bun ng
mnh
yu
tnh trng(sc khe,
my mc)
II
tt
tt
tt
dt
tnh trng tt
dt
tnh trng xu
dt
ngy
golf
dt
dt
mn u vt, v s
sumo
my nh bc
tr
tr o
dn dn
sp sa
nh tri
ting h khi cng li
tht ra l, tht ra th
n king
nhiu ln
tuy nhin
qu mc, v l
II.
TH
TH C

NHT
NHT

tt cho c th
c hi cho c th
bnh ngt
mt ln
mt ln cng khng,
cha ln no
NG PHP:
1. TH <TA>
Ng php bi ny cng s thuc v mt th mi m khng mi. l th <ta>. V sao khng
mi, l v cch chia ca th ny cng y chang nh cch chia ca th <te>. Cc bn ch vic
chia nh th <te> v thay <te> thnh <ta>
- V d:
-------------------->--------> : vit (nhm I)
kakimasu kaite kaita
-------------------->-------- > : c (nhm I)
yomimasu yonde yonda
-------------------->--------> : n (nhm II)
tabemasu tabete tabeta
--------->--------> : hc (nhm III)
benkyoushimasu benkyoushite benkyoushita
2.
NG PHP
a. Ng php 1:
tng lm vic g cha ?
Chia ng t th <ta> cng vi <koto ga arimasu>
C php:
Noun +
+ V() +
Noun + wo + V(ta) + koto ga ari masu
- V d:

<watashi wa okinawa e itta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng i n okinawa)

<watashi wa sushi wo tabeta koto ga arimasu>
(Ti tng n sushi)
- 83 -
b. Ng php 2:
Lit k nhng vic lm mt cch tng trng.
Trc kia cc bn hc cch lit k nhng vic lm bng cch chia th <te> ca ng t,
nhng nu dng cch th phi k ht tt c nhng vic mnh lm ra. Cn ng php ny th
cc bn ch lit k mt s vic lm tng trng thi.
Chia th <ta> ca ng t, cng vi <ri>. ng t cui l <shimasu> v dch l
"no l....,no l......"
C php:
V1() + , + V2() + , + V3() + +.........+
V1(ta) + <ri> , + V2(ta) + <ri> , + V3(ta) + <ri> +........ + <shimasu> : no l...,no l......
- V d:
A
A
<A san, maiban nani wo shimasu ka>
(A san, mi bui ti bn thng lm g vy ?)

<Maiban, watashi wa hon wo yonda ri, TEREBI wo mita ri shimasu>
(Ti th, mi bui ti no l c sch, no l xem ti vi....>
c. Ng php 3:
Tr nn nh th no .
C php:
Danh t + <ni> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (i) (b i) + <ku> + <narimasu>
Tnh t (na) + <ni> + <narimasu>
- V d:

<TERESA chan wa, se ga taka ku narimashita>

HOCHIMINH
HOCHIMINH
<Ima, HOCHIMINH shi wa kirei ni narimashita>
(By gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh tr nn sch s hn ri>

<kotoshi, watashi wa 17 sai ni narimashita>
(Nm nay, ti ln 17 tui ri)
- 84 -
20
I.
T VNG:
[]
IU
TRC
TU L
IN THOI
BC
QUN
NGN DIP
TRC VT
VT GI
THY
KIM NGUYT
CHUNG
KIM NGUYT
CHUNG
visa
tra cu
sa cha, nh chnh
sa cha(my mc)
gi in thoi
III
anh, t
em(nam gi n)
vng(cch ni ngn)
khng(cch ni ngn)
cng chc, nhn vin
t ng, ngn t
o kimono
vt gi
s bt u
dt
dt
s kt thc
ch ny(cch ni
ngn)
ch kia(cch ni
ngn)
ch (cch ni
ngn)
ch no(cch ni
ngn)
GIAN
gn y, hm trc,hm ri
GIAI
tt c mi ngi
nhng
- 85 -
dt
Cui thng
SC (kp)
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
u thng ny
QUC QUY,
QUI
II
I
III
tr v h?
lm th no?
khng bit lm sao y
nu c th
nhiu loi
dt
dt
dt
dt
II.
NG PHP:
Ng php bi ny l mt ng php cc k cc k quan trng m nu khng hiu n, cc bn s
rt kh khn khi hc ln cao v lng tng trong vic giao tip vi ngi Nht.
Xin gii thiu:
<futsuukei> (ng Du)

<mijikaikatachi> (Sakura)
C hai cch gi m trng ng Du v Sakura s dng u ch ni v TH NGN. Nhng m

cch ging v mt s ch trong bi hc th hi khc nhau.
1. Gii thiu:
Th ngn l th chuyn dng trong vn ni, trong vn vit khng nn dng.
Ngi Nht dng n :
- Giao tip vi ngi thn ca mnh, ngi trong gia nh mnh
- Giao tip vi ngi nh hn mnh, chc v nh hn mnh (cp di trong cng ty) v dng
rt thng xuyn trong cuc sng.
Hn cc bn hc gio trnh Minna s thc mc ti sao khi ngi Nht dy ting Nht cho chng
ta li dy bng th di (th <masu> m cc bn ang hc) ? n gin l v lch s.
Th ngn khng c dng cho :
- Ngi mi quen ln u, ngi khng thn thit.
- Cp trn ca mnh
Do vy bt buc h phi dng th di dy chng ta.
Th th ngn c kh khng. Xin tha khng, t nht l vi ng t . V nu cc bn hc k bi
v cc th ca ng t t bi 1-19 th coi nh hon tt 3/4 ng php ca bi ny. Phn cn
li ch l "ru ria" thi.
2. Cch chia v mt s im cn ch :
Th ngn s c 3 loi :
Th ngn ca ng t
Th ngn ca danh t v tnh t <na>
Th ngn ca tnh t 
a. NG T
Khng nh hin ti:
V() -----------> V ()
V<masu>----------- > V <jishokei>
- V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimasu> ---------------------------------- > <hanasu> : ni
------------------>
----------------- >
<tabemasu> ------------------> <taberu> : n
----------------- >
----------------->
- 86 -
<benkyoushimasu> ----------------> <benkyousuru> : hc

Ph nh hin ti:
V()
----------> V()
V<masen> -----------> V<nai>
- V d:
----------------->
---------------->
<hanashimasen> ----------------> <hanasanai> : khng ni
----------------->
--------------- >
<tabemasen> ----------------- > <tabenai> : khng n
-------------------->
-------------------->
<benkyoushinai> -------------------> <benkyoushinai> : khng hc
Khng nh qu kh:
V()
-----------------> V()
V<mashita> ----------------> V<ta>
- V d:
----------------->
----------------->
<hanashimashita> ---------------> <hanashita> : ni
------------------>
----------------->
<tabemashita> ----------------> <tabeta> : n
----------------->
----------------->
<benkyoushimashita> --------------> <benkyoushita> : hc
Ph nh qu kh:
V()
-------->
V()
V<masendeshita>------> V<nakatta>
- V d:
------------->
-------------->
<hanashimasendeshita> -----------> <hanasanakatta> : khng ni
--------------->
--------------->
<tabemasendeshita> -------------> <tabenakatta> : khng n
--------------->
------------->
<benkyoushimasendeshita> -------- > <benkyoushinakatta> : khng hc
- 87 -
Cc bn hiu cha no? Nu nhn xt k th cc bn s thy:

Cc th ca ng t m cc bn tng hc trong cc bi trc theo cc th u th hin
c trng ca th .
- V d:
Ng php trong bi th <nai> u ni v ph nh, th <ta> th v qu kh...
Cc ng t b <masu> + <tai> (mun) hoc ang th <nai> th uc coi nh l mt
tnh t v chia theo tnh t 
- V d:
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabenai> (tnh t ---------> <tabenakatta>
<tabemasu> (ng t) ----------> <tabetai> (tnh t --------> <tabetakunai>
b. DANH T V TNH T <NA>
Do danh t v tnh t c cch chia ging nhau.
Khng nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
-------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <desu> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <da>
- V d:
-------------------------->
------------------------- >
<ame desu> -------------------------> <ame da> : ma

------------------------->
------------------------->
<shinsetsu desu> ------------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

Ph nh hin ti:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + (-----> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasen> ------------ > Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nai>
- V d:
-------------------->
------------------->
<ame ja arimasen> --------------------> <ame ja nai> : khng ma

------------------->
------------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasen> -------- > <shinsetsu ja nai> : khng t t

Khng nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + ( -----------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <deshita> -------------> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <datta>
- V d:
------------------------>
- 88 -

----------------------- >
<ame deshita> ---------------------> <ame datta> : ma

---------------------->
---------------------- >
<shinsetsu desu> ---------------> <shinsetsu da> : t t

Ph nh qu kh:
Danh t (tnh t <na> + (-----> Danh t (tnh t <na> + (
Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja arimasendeshita> -> Danh t (tnh t <na> + <ja nakatta>
- V d:
----------------->
---------------->
<ame ja arimasendeshita> --------------> <ame janakatta> : khng ma

---------------->
---------------->
<shinsetsu ja arimasendeshita> -------> <shinsetsu janakatta> : khng t t

c. TNH T 
Tnh t ny th cc bn ch vic b desu thi. V chia theo bnh thng
- V d:
--------------------> : cao
--------------------->
<takai desu>------------------> <takai>
------------------> : khng cao
----------------->
<takakunai desu>--------------> <takakunai>
-----------------> : cao
----------------->
<takakatta desu>---------------> <takakatta>
-----------------> : khng cao
----------------->
<takakunakatta desu>------------> <takakunakatta>

Mt s im cn ch :
- Khi dng th ngn hi, ngi Nht ln ging cui cu.(Mi tn cui ch l ln ging)
- V d:
NI BNH THNG HI
---------------->
-------------->
<hanashimasu> --------------> <hanasu> : ni

- Cu hi - <Nan desu ka> - ci g s c ni tt l - <nani>
- 89 -
21
I.
T VNG:
()
NGN
TC
THNG
PH
T
DCH LP
V, M
BT TIN
NG
TH TNG,
TNG
I THNG
LNH, LNH
CHNH, CHNH
TR
TH HP, CP
KIN
( ) THOI
GIAO THNG
TI CN
A PHN
BN, BN
NG
ni
thng
thua
c
C l hi
c ch
lng ph,hoang ph
bt tin
ging
qu sc tng tng
tt
tt
tt
th tng
dt
tng thng
dt
chnh tr
dt
tin tc
bi din thuyt
trn u
cng vic lm thm
kin
cu chuyn
s hi hc
thit k, kiu dng
giao thng
gi cao im
gn y
c l
chc chn
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
qu thc l
nh th
v~
- 90 -
I
II
I
II
I
S PHNG
lu qu ri nh
M
anh ung cht g nh
KIN
khng xem khng c

d nhin
chut ti
ng thuyn trng Cook
II.
khng cn cch no khc
NG PHP:
Ti ngh l.....
Nu cm tng, cm ngh , kin v s phng on ca mnh v 1 vn no .
Cu trc:
V (Th thng thng)+
A
A
N
- V d:
)
Hm nay, ti ngh rng thy INOUE s khng ti.
Ti ngh rng bi kim tra tun sau s kh.
Ti ngh rng ngi Nht th thn thin
Ti ngh rng Nht th giao thng tin li.
III.
Mu cu s dng khi hi ai ngh v 1 vn no nh th no

Cu trc:
~~N~~
V N th bn ngh nh th no.
-V d:
Bn ngh nh th no v giao thng Nht Bn.

- 91 -
Bn ngh th no v ting Nht.

IV.
Mu cu dng truyn li dn trc tip v truyn li dn gin tip

1. Truyn li dn trc tip
Cu trc:
Li dn trc tip
-V d:
Trc ba n th phi ni g?
Trc ba n th ni l [itadakimasu]
2. Truyn li dn gin tip. Ai ni rng l g ..
Cu trc:
-V d:
Thy gio ni rng ngy mai s i n bn.
Th tng ni rng ngy mai s i gp tng thng.
V.
Mu cu hi ln ging cui cu vi t ,nhm mong i s ng tnh ca

ngi khc.
Cu trc:
V
A
A
N
-V d:
Hm nay tri nng nh.
Th su c ngh c phi khng?
- 92 -
22
I.
T VNG:

NHN KNH

SINH

MO T, T
NHN KNH

VN L
TRNG
THNH
GIA NHM
HA THT
P NHP
B ON

mc(t tht lng tr

xung)
i(nn)
eo
c sinh ra
o khoc(di ti gi)
b vest
o len
m,nn
knh
xin chc mng
Paris
vn l trng thnh
tin thu nh
m,biu l s suy ngh
nh bp kim phng n
phng kiu Nht
t m tng chn
nm
chn nm
cn h
Cu trc: N1 Mnh b ngha cho N2

-Xt v d sau:V d 1.
y l tm nh.
Anh ti chp.
Ni 2 cu n trn bng mnh quan h
--->
y l bc nh anh ti chp.
- 93 -
I
I
II
eo knh
**Mnh quan h**
II.
II
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
-Phn tch cu trn s thy

=N1
Mnh b ngha cho N2
N2
- V d 2.
y l ci bnh do ba ti lm.
- V d 3
y l tin ti nhn c t m.
III. Cu trc: Mnh b ngha cho N1
N2
-Xt v d sau:
Hanoi
Hanoi
Ti c sinh ra H Ni
Khi chuyn thnh cu s dng mnh quan h s thnh
--> Hanoi
Hanoi
Ni ti sinh ra l H Ni
-Phn tch cu trn th
Mnh b ngha cho N1
N1
Hanoi=N2
-Mt s v d khc:
H H l ngi ang eo knh
--> H Ngi ang eo knh l H
Minh Minh
Mnh l ngi ang i giy en.
---> Minh
Minh
Ngi ang i giy en l Minh.
IV. Cu trc: Mnh b ngha N
** y ch n gin l phn m rng ca cu trc I.

Quay li v d 2 trong phn I. Nu bn mun ni rng n ci bnh do b ti lm th s th
no?
--->
Ti n ci bnh do b ti lm
-Mt s v d khc
- 94 -
Hy cho ti xem nh chp H Ch Minh.

Hy cho ti xem cai o mc ba tic

V.
Cu trc: Mnh b ngha N A A

**y cng l phn m rng ca cu trc I ging nh 3 vy.
hiu r cc bn xem cc v d sau.
Ci bnh do b ti lm th ngon
Ti thch ci o s mi nhn c t m ti.
Ti mun c nh to.
VI. Cu trc :Mnh b ngha N

*Tng t IV:
-V d:
Ti khng c thi gian i mua sm
Ti khng c thi gian vit th
Ti nay ti c hn gp mt vi bn (ti)
Thm mt s cc v d khc gip cc bn hiu r hn v Mnh quan h.
Ti mun lm cng vic c s dng ting Nht.
Ti mun n ci bnh do c y lm.
Ti mun kt hn vi ngi c th ni ting Nht.
- 95 -
23
I.
T VNG:
TIN SINH
VN
HI

HI
DN
BIN
BIN
XC
XUT
IU
NG
THI, TH K
NG
B
O B

KIU

KH
XA
DN VIT

IN KH C
C, KY GII
C CHNG
GIAO SAI IM
T T L
T
TN HIU
GIC
- 96 -
Hi gio vin
vn,xoay
Xoay nt
ko
i
II
I
C
s vo, chm vo
ra
I
II
tin thi
hot ng
ng h chuyn
ng
i b
i b trn ng
bng qua
Qua cu
ch
II
Ch xa hi
dn nh
tim in
m thanh
my mc
s c
con ng
giao l(ng3,4)
ng 3 hnh ch T
n giao thng
gc
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
II.
KIU
TR XA
TRNG
MC
CHNH
NGUYT

KIN VT
NGOI QUC
NHN NG
LC CHNG
chic cu
dt
ni u xe
dt
th
dt
Tt ca ngi Nht
dt
cm n chiu i
to nh
th ngoi kiu
Mu cu vi danh t ph thuc ),dng ch thi gian ai lm

mt vic g hay trong mt trng thi no .
Cu trc:
V ,....
A
,....
A
,....
N
,....
-V d:
Khi qua ng th ch xe t.
Khi c bo th eo knh.
Khi khng hiu cch pht m ca ting Nht, th hy hi thy gio.
Khi hoa qu r ti rt hay i mua.
Khi yn tnh ti c sch.
Khi c bi kim tra th ti b m.

Ch : Khi V1(V2 th V2 y phi xy ra trc V1
- V d 1:
- 97 -

Khi v nh th mua sch ( y hnh ng mua sch phi xy ra trc hnh ng v nh v
nu bn v nh ri th sao m mua c sch ng khng?
- V d 2:
Khi v nh th ni l [tadaima] ( y th hnh ng ni tadaima xy ra sau hnh ng v

nh, v phi v nh ri th bn mi c th ni c m)
III. Cu trc cu vi lin t ph thuc

V(+
-Mu cu: Khi ng t th t in + th sau hnh ng s ko theo s vic , hnh
ng tip theo mt cch tt nhin.(Thng dng khi ch ng hay hng dn cch s dng
my mc)
-V d:
i ht con ng ny ri th s c cng vin.
n ci nt ny ri th s c v ra
Vn ci nt ny ri th ting s to ln.
- 98 -
24
I.
T VNG:
LIN
HNH
LIN
TNG
NHN
TNG
THIU GII
N NI
THUYT MINH

dn i
dn n
III
tin, a
Tin ngi
gii thiu
III
hng dn
gi thch, thuyt
minh
b vo, cho vo
III
III
II
Pha c ph
/
/

CHUN B
QU T,
T
TON B
T PHN
THA
XA
BIN,
BIN NG
/ /
ng(ni,ngoi)/ng
c
dt
b(ni,ngoi)/b c
dt
chun b
ngha
dt
dt
bnh ko
dt
II.
NG PHP:
Mu cu: Mnh nhn t ai mt ci g .
Cu trc:
S N
- 99 -
ton b
t mnh
ngoi ra
xe ch hng
cm hp, hp ng
cm
-V d:
Ti c anh ti tng giy
Ti c ngi yu tng hoa

**C th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thay i.
--->
1. Mu cu: Khi ai lm n hoc lm h mnh mt ci g
Cu trc :
S N V(Th
-V d:

M ti mua cho ti ci o len
Yamada v gip ti ci bn .
** y cng c th lc b trong mu cu trn m ngha vn khng b thy i
-->
2. Mu cu:Khi mnh tng hoc cho ai ci g
Cu trc:
S N
-V d:
Thao
Thao
Ti tng bn Tho quyn sch
Thanh
Thanh
Ti tng bn Thanh hoa
3. Mu cu: Khi mnh lm cho ai mt ci g
Cu trc:
S N V(Th )
-V d:
Quyen Hanoi
Quyen Hanoi
Ti hng dn cho bn Quyn v Ha Ni
Ha
Ha
Ti gip bn H chuyn nh
- 100 -
4. Mu cu: Mnh nhn c t ai mt ci g

Cu trc:
S N
-V d:
Ti nhn c sch t anh Tanaka
Ti nhn c ru t anh FURUKAWA

5. Mu cu:Mnh c hng li t 1 hnh ng ca ngi no .
Cu tr:
S N V(Th )
-V d:
Ti c ngi Nht dy ting Nht

Dao
Dao
Ti c bn o cho xem nh du lch
- 101 -
25
I.
T VNG:
TRC
DCH
TRC
LU HC
TH
NIN TH

IN X
I S, S
QUN
C
CHUYN CN
NHT BI M
SC (kp)

TH THOI
NGUYN KH

NGOAN
TRNG
II.
NG PHP:
Mu cu:
V 1(iu kin) V 2( kt qu).
Nu iu kin v 1 xy ra th s c kt qu v 2.
- 102 -
n ni
n nh ga
du hc
ly,cm nm,t
III
I
Ln tui, c tui, gi
min qu
dt
i s qun
dt
1 trm triu
chuyn ch lm
dt
ung 1 ly nh
cm n gip ti
nh gi gn sc khe
nu
d bao nhiu cng
nhm
c hi
C gng
Cu trc:
V(-qu kh thng) V 2
A -qu kh thng)
V 2
A -qu kh thng)
V 2
N(-qu kh thng)
V 2
- V d:
V d vi ng t.
Nu tri ma th ti s khng ra ngoi.
Nu i b n nh ga th mt khong 30 pht.
Nu xe but khng ti th s i bng taxi.

V d vi tnh t
(Khi)Nu tri lnh th hy bt iu ha
(Khi)Nu c thi gian rnh th hy hc bi .

V d vi danh t
(Khi)Nu thi tit p th ti i do.
III. Mu cu + Cu trc
Mu cu V 1
V 2
D cho .... th vn. c tc dng nhn mnh thm ca cu vn nhng nu khng c th
ngha ca cu vn c th hiu c.
Cu trc:
V(-Th V 2.
A (A )
V 2.
A (A ) V 2.
N (N )
V 2.
- 103 -
- V d:
Vi ng t:
Cho d c hc nh th no i chng na th van truot bai kiem tra
Cho d c tui th ti vn mun lm vic

Vi tnh t:
D bun ng nhng ti vn phi vit bo co.
D cho nng thn c yn tnh th ti vn mun sng thnh ph

Vi danh t
Cho d b m nhng ti vn khng i bnh vin.
- 104 -
26
I.
T VNG:
THM
SU
TR
THI, TH
GIAN
GIAN HP,
CP
THI, TH
GIAN
tm kim
tr
II
[tr gi]
kp
[kp gi]
lm
THAM, SM
GIA
tham gia
I
III
[d tic]
HP, CP

HP, CP
C
KH PHN

KH PHN
C
TN VN X
NHU O
VN NG HI
TRNG S
BIN, BIN
KIM
TRC TIP
THY
H
- 105 -
thun li
tt
khng thun li
tt
tm trng thoi mi
tt
tm trng khng
thoi mi
ta son bo
judo
th vn hi
ch, a im
vic t thin
ting a phng
ln ny
qu chng, phn ln
trc tip
bt c lc no
bt c ch no
bt c ai
bt c ci g
nh th ny
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
nh th
nh th kia
NHK
i truyn hnh NHK
bn cnh
ci bnh
ci lon
nc si
gas
~cng ty
HI X
LIN LC lin lc
KHN phin qu, gay qu
IN T, T

II.
T, T CUNG
NHT
TNH
PHIN PH
H VT
XUT
NHIN
NGUYT
THY KIM
TR
TRNG
HONH
BNH
HU, PHU
THANG
V TR
B
V TR
THUYN
BIT
V TR PHI
HNH S
DNG
CU TRC
V(-Th thng thng)+
A (-Th thng thng)+
A (-Th thng thng)+
N(-Th thng thng)+
- 106 -
ngy tr em
tn ca hng
Bi bin
dt
sp xp, dn dp
II
[sp xp hnh l]
rc
( rc)
(Rc) t c
dt
I
II
hai/t/su
dt
ch , ch t
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
III
th in t
dt
email
v tr
s
dt
dt
dt
phi t huyn
dt
ring bit
dt
phi hnh gia
dt
ngi~
dt
III. NG PHP:
1.
Ngi ni a ra phng on sau khi nhn, nghe thy mt iu g ri sau

xc nh li thng tin y.
Bn mua my tnh mi phi khng?
Bn i leo ni .
Bn cm thy khng c khe ?

2.
Ngi ni yu cu ngi nghe gii thch v vic ngi ni nghe hoc nhn thy. (
Mang tnh cht t m)
Ai tng s c la cho ai y?
Bn n Nht t khi no?
Bn chp bc nh ny u vy?
3. thanh minh , gii thch l do v li ni hay hnh ng ca mnh.
Ti sao hm qua li ngh th?
Ti v hm qua ti au u sut.
Ti sao li chuyn nh vy?
Ti v nh by gi trt
4. Mu cu V1 V2(Th )
Ngi ni mun lm V1, v nh ngi nghe lm V2 gip mnh (V2 l hng gii quyt V1)
Bt u ch ca cu chuyn ri tip n l a ra li yu cu,xin php, hi kin.
- 107 -
Ti mun vit th bng ting Nht,bn c th dy ti mt cht c khng?
Ti mun i n Tokyo, bn c th v gip ti bn c khng?

5.
Mu cu V1 V2
Ngi ni mun lm V1 v hi ngi nghe l nu lm V2 th c tt khng? hoc lm th no

th tt
V l ti mun tr nn gii ting Nht,lm th no th tt ?
V l ti khng bit s in thoi, lm th no tra c ?
- 108 -
27
I.
T VNG:
KIN
TU
O
TH
HU

KIN
SN, SAN

VN
KHNG,
KHNG CNG

KHAI
GIO THT

IU
M
BA
HOA HA
CNH SC
TR GIAN
TCH
O C
T NG
PHIN MI C,
KY
THNG TN
PHIN MI C,
KY
I S
- 109 -
Xy dng
Chy
Chy trn ng
Ly
II
I
I
[Ly ngy ngh]

Nhn thy c
II
[Thy ni]
Nghe thy c
[Nghe c ting
ng, m thanh]
Hon thnh
II
II
[xy xong sn bay]

M
[M lp hc]
Vt nui trong nh: ch, mo, vv
Chim
dt
Ting ni, ging ni
dt
Sng
dt
Pho hoa
dt
Phong cnh
dt
Bui tra
dt
Ngy xa
dt
Dng c gia nh
dt
My bn hng t
ng
dt
Thng tin bun bn
dt
Tim git
Chung c
Nh bp
dt
dt
dt
GIO THT
HU
THA
QUAN TY
KHNG,
KHNG CNG
THU DIP
NGUYN
Y U
NHT DIU
I CNG
BN, BN
BNG
MNG
GIA
T TNH
T, T CUNG
T
I HO
MN, MAN
HA, HOCH
CH NHN
CNG
HNH
BT T NGH
LIT
PH
T DO
KHNG,
KHNG
PHI
TNG LAI
T PHN
- 110 -
Lp hc~
Phng tic
Sau
Ch
Khc
R rng
Hu ht
dt
dt
Sn bay kansai
Tn mt nh ga ni ting
vng sui nc nng ni ting
Shizuoka
Cng vic lm ngy ch nht
K sch
dt
Gic m
dt
Lc no , mt khi no
Nh
dt
Tuyt vi
tt
Bn tr
dt
Rt thch
tt
Truyn tranh
dt
Nhn vt chnh
dt
Hnh
Robot
dt
dt
Huyn b
tt
Ti qun, ti o
V d l
Gn
T do
dt
Bu tri
dt
Bay
Tng lai
T mnh
Doremon
I
dt
dt
II
II.
- Th kh nng
1.
Cch chuyn ng t sang th kh nng
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
III. NG PHP:
bi 27 ny l cch ni biu th kh nng c th lm c ci g y hay khng ca mnh hoc
ca ngi khc bng cch s dng th kh nng trn.
Lu rng tr t ca th kh nng lun lun l
- V d:
Ti c th vit th c bng ting Nht
Ti c th n c 10 bt Ramen (M)
1. Mu cu:
~~~ V
Ch c mi~~~
Mu cu ny c ngha tng ng vi
- V d:
Hm nay ti c ngh c mi 15 pht
Ti ch hiu mi ting Nht

- 111 -
2. Mu cu:
N
V(Th kh nng)N V(Ph nh ca th kh nng)
y l mu cu so snh, c th lm c ci ny nhng khng th lm c ci kia
- V d
Ti c th ni c ting Nht nhng khng th ni c ting Anh
C th chi c bng chy nhng khng th chi oc tennis
3. C th nhn thy
Vi ngha l c th nhn thy , do ngoi cnh tc ng vo vic mnh c nhn thy
hay khng. Khc vi theo cch chuyn sang th kh nng ch l
do ch quan ca ngi ni.
- V d:
Vi
Ti c th nhn r nhng vt nh
T nh ca ti c th nhn thy ni
Vi
Mt ca ti khng nhn thy c (Ti b m)
4. C th nghe c
Cng ging vi l nhng m thanh nghe c y l do ngoi cnh,
do t nhin, l nhng m thanh t lt vo tai nh ting chim ht chng hn. Khc vi
l do ch quan ca ngi nghe mun nghe c.
- V D:
Vi
m thanh v nh qu , ti khng nghe thy c
Ti nghe c m thanh ban ny nhng bn ti th khng nghe c

- 112 -
Vi
Tai ca ti khng nghe c( Ti b ic)
5. Mu cu: ~~~
y khng mang ngha c th m n c ngha l ci g ang hoc c hon
thnh.
V d:
y ang xy ci g vy?
y ang xy vin bo tang
Bao gi th xong nh vy?
Khong 5 gi chiu th xong.
Ti hon thnh xong bi tp
6. Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh th n

c tc dng nhn mnh mun ni trong cu.
- V d:
trng ca ti th c c gio vin ngui M
trng i hc ca ti th phi hc c ting
T nh ca ti th nhn thy c c ni.
7. Khi tr t i km theo sau cc tr t khc nh th c

ngha l y cng .... g y.
- 113 -
- V d:
trng ca em ti th cng c gio vin ngi M
trng ca anh ti th cng phi hc ting
T nh ca ng ti cng c th nhn thy ni.
- 114 -
28
I.
T VNG:

TP QUN
KINH
NGHIM
LC
NHN KH

HNH
SC
PHM VT
TR ON
CP LIU
DC
TUYN
VI
THNG
I HC

CHN DIN
MC
NHIT TM
U
V
PHIN T
TIU
THUYT
TIU
THUYT GIA
CA TH
- 115 -
[bnh m bn chy]
ma
cn, nhai
tuyn chn
sai
lui ti
I
I
I
I
I
I
[lui ti trng i hc]

ghi ch
III
nghim chnh
tt
nhit tnh
hin, du dng
ti gii, xut chng
va vn, va ng
tp qun, thi quen
tt
tt
tt
tt
dt
kinh nghim
dt
sc lc
dt
hm m, a thch
dt
hnh
mu
v
ko cao su
hng ha
gi c (gi m gi, gi
xng, vv)
lng
tin thng
chng trnh ti vi
phim truyn hnh
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
tiu thuyt
dt
nh vn
dt
ca s
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
QUN L NHN
TC T, T
TC T, T

NNG
NNG
T PHN
TNG,
TNG LAI
ngi qun l
con trai (ti)
dt
dt
con trai (ngi khc)
dt
con gi (ti)
dt
con gi (ngi khc)
dt
t mnh
dt
tng lai
dt
mt cht
i , thng thng
hn th na
v vy, v th

NGUYN

xin cho nh mt cht

li chi vi ngy
HI THOI
hi thoi
dt
dt
ni chuyn hn huyn
III
thng bo
ngy
dt
th by
dt
phng tp th dc
dt
min ph
dt
TRI
NHT
TH DIU
NHT
TH DC
QUN
V, M LIU
II. NG PHP:
1. Mu cu:V1(b V2
Ng php:
Va lm V1 va lm V2,V1 lun lun l hnh ng ph so vi V2.
-V d:
Ti va cho xem nh va gii thch
Ti va lm vic Nht va hc ting Nht.
- 116 -

Ti va c sch hng dn va nu n
2. Mu cu:~~V
Ng php:
ng t chia th dng ni v mt hnh ng xy ra thng xuyn, theo thi quen
- V d:
Vo ngy ngh ti thng chi banh
Khi rnh ti lc no cng hc ting Anh
Hng sng bn thng lm g trong tu in?
Ti va nghe nhc va c sch
3. Mu cu:~~~,~~~,~~~.
Ng php:
Va th ny li va th kia...
Tr t s dng trong cu thng l tr t
Vi ng t:
V-Th t in)+V2-Th t in)+,
Va V1 li va V2,hn na li....
-V d:
Bn n va c th ni c ting Anh, va c th ni c ting Nht, hn na li cn gii c

chuyn mn.
Bn Ri va c th chi c Piano va c th nhy c, hn na li c th ht c.

Vi tnh t:
Vi tnh t ui th gi nguyn ri thm
-V d:
- 117 -

Gi va r, li va ngon nn lc no (ti) cng n qun ny.
Vi tnh t ui v danh t th b thm
-V d:
C y va xinh li va thn thin,hn na cn c th ni c ting Anh.
- 118 -
29
I.
T VNG:
KHAI
B
IM
IN KH

TIU
IN KH

(nhp)
O
KHNG,
KHNG
O
HOI
K, T, T

CT
TRIT
MC
PH
CH

PHC
PH
M
[ca m]
ng
[ca n]
sng
I
I
I
[in sng]
tt
II
[in tt]
ng
[ng ng]
vng
[ng vng]
hng
II
[gh hng]
v
[ly v]
gy
[cy gy]
rch
[giy rch]
d, bn, nhim
II
II
II
II
[qun o d]
gn
[ti gn]
NGOI
CH
tut
[nt tut]
dng
II
I
[thang my dng]
GIAN VI
LC
- 119 -
nhm ln
nh ri
II
I
QUI
KIN
MNH
TR
I
TI B
CHI
DCH VIN
BIN
BIN
TIN
kha
[kha kha]
da
chn
ly
knh thu tinh
ti, bao
v, ci bp
cnh cy
nhn vin nh ga
vng ny
vng~
khang
tt qu, may qu
KIM IN
XA
VONG VT
TRC
chuyn xe in va
ri
mn b qun
bn, pha
ti
GIC

VNG BNG
XC
T CC
gi hnh l
chc chn, khng
nghi ng
tn nh ga Tokyo
A CHN
BCH
CHM
CH
DCH TIN
O
TY
PHNG
TAM CUNG
ng t
bc tng
kim ( may v)
ch tr
ch trc nh ga
ng,
pha ty
phng, hng
tn nh ga Kobe
II.
NG PHP:
Mu cu:
N /
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
xin mi i trc
(ng t chia th )
- 120 -
dt
dt
khng nh
dt
dt
dt
I
dt
II
dt
dt
Ng php:
Din t trng thi trng thy trc mt, trng thi l kt qu ca hnh ng no , tr t s
lm nhn mnh thm ca cu.
-V d:
Ca s ang m
Ci gh hng (ang hng)
Ci ti ny rch
Chuyn xe in lc 8 ri th ng
III. NG PHP:
Mu cu:
V( ng t chia th
Ng php:
Din t vic g c hon tt, hon thnh xong. N cng c ng ngi ni hi tic v vic
mnh lm, ly lm ng tic v iu ,hoc ph bnh hnh ng ca ai .
-V d:
Ti c ht quyn tp ch ny ri.
Ti n ht bnh mua hi sng ri.
Ti ln nhm xe but mt ri
Ti lm ri v u mt ri.
***Ty thuc vo ng cnh m cu trc trn c hiu theo ngha hon tt ca mt hnh ng hay
s nui tic ph bnh***
- 121 -
30
I.
T VNG:
QUI
SC
TNH
THC
MC
L
PHIN PH
kha
trang tr
by, xp
trng cy
[trng cy]
li ch c
tm li, tng kt li
II
I
II
II
I
II
xp, dn li
II
ct
quyt nh
thng bo
I
II
II
tho lun
III
D TP
son bi, chun b

bi v
III
PHC TP
n tp
III
QUYT
TRI
TNG,
TNG M

c nguyn nh
vy
T, T con (ca ngi khc)
TH, TH
gi hc
NGHIP
bi ging
GING NGHA
cuc hp
D NH
k hoch
thng bo
TRI
N NI TH
bng hng dn
lch
p phch
TNG,
thng rc
SNG
NHN HNH
bp b
HOA BNH
bnh hoa
KNH
gng soi
DN XUT ngn ko
- 122 -
III
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
HUYN QUAN
LANG H
BCH
TR
GIAO PHIN
NGUYN
S
CHU
CHN
TRUNG
I

S, S

dt
ch c
dt
xung quanh
dt
chnh gia
dt
gc, hc
dt
ang s dng
D NH BIU
KH LAO,
LO
HY VNG
H
HY
c nguyn vng g
VNG
khng?

ca v nhc kch
vy th tt qu ri
tn nh ht kch ni ting M
(Broadway)
HON
NGUYT
VN
A CU
HI
HIM
trn
trng
(mt ti) n
tri t
sung sng
khng a, khng
thch
ngay khi , ng lc
MC GIC

NG PHP:
Mu cu:
N1 N2
dt
dt
dt
dt
n , n mc
bng k hoch
li cho sau gi lm
vic
hy vng
II.
tin snh
hnh lang
bc tng
ci ao
n cng an, s cng
an
- 123 -
cht tnh, thc gic
tt
dt
dt
tt
tt
Ng php:
Din t chi tit hn mt vt hin hu trng thi nh th no
-V d:
D nh ca thng ny c ghi trn lch.
Ti n cnh st c dn bn ca thnh ph.
trn tng c treo ci gng.
III. NG PHP:
Mu cu:
V( ng t chia th
Ng php:
Nhng ng t chia th i km vi thng l tha ng t, din t c ai thc hin
hnh ng
-V d:
Gi ca bui hi ngh thng bo cho mi ngi ri.
Ngoi ca ra vo v hnh lang dn v sinh cha?
Vng dn v sinh ri.
thng bo gi ca ba tic cha?
Vng, thng bo ri
IV. NG PHP:
Mu cu:
V ng t chia th
Ng php:
Lm trc hay lm sn ci g tin cho vic v sau.
- 124 -
-V d:
Trc khi bn n th dn dp trc phng.
Trc khi vit bo co th hy thu thp trc ti liu
Trc khi c bi kim tra th hy n tp li sn
- 125 -
31
I.
T VNG:
THY
THC
TC
KIN
TH, TH
TH NGHIM

NHP HC
I HC

TT NGHIP
I HC

XUT TCH
HI NGH

HU KH
LIN HU
TC VN
TRIN LM
HI
KT HN THC
TNG THC
THC
BN, BN X
CHI IM
GIO HI
I HC VIN
NG VT
VIN
N TUYN
KHCH
THY
- 126 -
Bt u
[l]
tip tc
tm thy
d thi
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
[kim tra]
nhp hc
T .t
[i hc nhp
hc]
tt nghip
Tha .t
[i hc tt
nghip]
c mt
T .t
hi ngh
dt
ngh gii lao

k ngh di
bi vn, bi lun
dt
dt
dt
trin lm
dt
l ci
l tang
l
tr s chnh
chi nhnh
nh th
cao hc
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
s th
dt
sui nc nng
khch
ai
dt
dt
PHNG

THNG D
CNG VIN
TN
NGUYT
PH THNG
PH THNG
NHT

THN
NH, NH
HA, HOCH
QUN
HIM
KHNG,
KHNG
B
HP, CP

HP, CP
C
T, T CUNG

T DO
TH GII
TRUNG
TP
M
T NHIN
T TNH
KH
- 127 -
v pha, ng
sut
Picasso-ha s
cng vin Ueno
cn li
hng thng
bnh thng
T .t
dt
ngy bnh thng

internet
dt
thn
dt
rp chiu bng
dt
khng a
tt
bu tri
dt
nhm li, khp li
Tha .t
thun tin
tt
khng thun tin
tt
tr em
dt
t do
trn th gii
dt
tp trung
p
t nhin
T .t
tt
dt
tuyt vi
tt
nhn ra
** Th hng - **
II. Cch chia ng t , t th sang th hng
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
III. NG PHP:
1.
Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V(-Th hng)
Ng php:
Dng khi mun r r hoc yu cu ngi nghe ng vi mnh chuyn g .
-V d:
Hy i chi no!

NGh mt cht no
i mua no.
-S dng khi c thoi.
12h ri, i ng thi!
- 128 -
2.
Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V(-th hng)
Ng php:
Din t quyt nh, ch hoc k hoch ca ngi ni, quyt nh c t trc v by gi vn
gi quyt nh .
-V d:
Nu m c thi gian th ti d nh s i du lch
Ti d nh l s tm vic ti Nht Bn
Ti d nh l s hc tp ti nc ngoi.
3.
Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V(-Th )
Ng php:
Vn cha lm ci g y
-V d:

Vn cha np bo co
xem b phim mi cha?
Cha, ti vn cha xem.

4.
Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V(-Th t din)
-V
Ng php:
Ch hng r rt, mt quyt nh chc chn hoc mt k hoch c th do ngi ni ra.
- 129 -
-V d:
Gn y v tr nn hi bo mt cht nn ti quyt nh t by gi s n king
27 tui ti d nh s kt hn.
Hanoi
Hanoi
Ti quyt nh s sng sut H Ni
V tnh trng rng khng c tt nn ti quyt nh s khng n ngt.
Ti quyt nh s khng tr v nc
5.
Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V(-Th t in)
N
Ng php:
L d nh c ln k hoch mt cch chc chn.
-V d:
Tun sau gim c s i n chi nhnh.

+
Chuyn bay s n vo lc 11h
Sang tun sau na th s i cng tc.
Bi kim tra d nh s trong khong 2 ting
- 130 -
32
I.
T VNG:
THNH CNG

THT BI
HP, CP CCH

TH NGHIM
CH
V, V
TNH
XUY, XY
PHONG
TR
BNH KH
TR
TRC
C CHNG
TC
NHIT
PHONG T
DN
LNH
TM PHI
THP PHN
HA THNG
QUI NG
TCH XUT
thnh cng
T .t
tht bi
[kim tra]
T .t
u,
T .t
quay li
tnh
T .t
T .t
[ma]
tri quang ng
tri m u
thi
[gi]
chuyn bin tt
- 131 -
T .t
[bnh] bt, khi

cha li, sa sang tt
T .t
hng hc, trc trc

tip tc
[st]
b trng gi, b cm
cm
lm lnh
lo lng
k quc
n o
bng
vt thng
Tha .t
tt
tt
tt
tt
dt
dt
b ho
T .t
bnh cm
T .t
T .t
T .t
T .t
T .t
dt
KHNG, KHNG
THI DNG
NGUYT
PHONG
BC
NAM
TY
NG
THY O
TCH PHNG
TIN
TR
KIM D
bu tri
dt
mt tri
dt
trng
dt
gi
dt
pha bc
dt
pha nam
dt
pha ty
dt
pha ng
dt
ng nc
dt
ng c
dt
i
dt
ti nay
bui chiu, hong
hn
trc
tr
nh th ny
nh th
nh th kia
nu nh khng lm
ci th khng c
Olympic
khe mnh
dt
bao t
dt
lm vic qu nhiu
dt
NGUYN KH
V
NG
V, M L
lm chuyn qu sc
lm t t, thong th
TINH CHIM,
bi sao
CHIM
kh khn, gp tr
KHN
ngi
v s
BO
trng s
NG
BO
[v s]

KIN KHANG
sc khe
LUYN I
tnh yu
LUYN NHN
ngi yu
giu c
KIM TR
- 132 -
Tha .t (III)
T .t (III)
dt
T .t
dt
T .t (I)
dt
dt
dt
dt
II.
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V(-Th qu kh)
V
Ng php:
Dng khi mun a ra li khuyn i vi ngi nghe, lm g th tt hn hoc khng lm g th
tt hn.Cn c nghe v lm theo hay khng th ty ngi c khuyn.
-V d:
Khi b bnh th nn i n bnh vin.
Gn y hc sinh hay i chi nh.

ng l th nh. Th nhng, ti ngh l lc cn tr thu c nhiu kinh nghim th tt hn.
V au u nn khng ung bia th tt hn y.

Ti mun i chi chu u khong 1 thng, 40 vn yn c khng?
Ti ngh l . Th nhng, khng nn em tin mt i th tt hn y.
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng) +
V
Ng php:
Dng phng on da trn nhng yu t khch quan, tnh hung hin ti, da vo kinh
nghim, s hiu bit hoc t mt kt qu phn tch no .Thng c dng trn TV, Radio
trong nhng bn tin d bo thi tit.
-V d:
- 133 -

Ti nay c l s nhn thy sao.
Ngy mai c l tri s khng ma
Ti nay c l s lnh
Trng em nay c l s p.
Ngy mai c l c tuyt.
IV. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V(-Th thng thng) +
V
A (b )
Ng php:
Theo kin ch quan,ch s phn on c th xy ra mc d khng chc chn. V mc
chnh xc ca thng tin th thp hn so vi (Mc chnh xc ch
xp x 50%)
-V d:
C l anh y s ngh vic cng ty.
C l c y s khng n cng ty.
Ngy mai c th l s bn
Tun sau c th cng vic s bn rn
C l c y b m
- 134 -
33
I.
T VNG:
O
TAO
U
TH
THNG
TRUYN
CH
XA
NGOI
TCH
MC

TY TRC C,
KY
C, KY
QUY, QUI TC
S DNG CM
CH
LP NHP
CM CH
NHP KHU
XUT KHU
PHI THNG
KHU
V, M L
BN, BN
NHT HU
NGHIP
DOANH, DINH
NGHIP TRUNG
S, S DNG
- 135 -
Chy trn, chy khi

lm n o
t b, mt ch,
cho thua
nm
bo v, gi
tng ln, nng ln
gim xung, h
xung
truyn, truyn t
ch
[xe c]
ri ra, ri khi
[ch ngi]
khng c
c gng ln
ci mc, du hiu,
biu tng
qu bng
T .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
T .t
Tha .t
tt
dt
dt
dt
my git
dt
my
quy tc
dt
cm s dng
dt
cm vo
dt
ca vo
ca ra
dt
dt
li thot him
dt
min ph
dt
ngy ngh lm
dt
ang lm vic, ang

bn hng
ang s dng
dt
dt
TRUNG
TRUNG
V

TR XA VI
PHN

D NI
CNH ST
PHT KIM
IN BO
NHN (kp)
CP DNG

IN BO

IN BO I

ON

LIT
NGUY C
TRNG, TRNG
BNH KH
MINH NHT
LU TH
LU TH
PHIN
CHC
VONG, V
BI
LI DNG
- 136 -
ang
ngha l g
khng cn na
cn
vi phm, u xe sai
ch
i gii th th
trong phm vi
cnh st
tin pht
in bo
ngi ngi
chuyn gp
nh
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Tha .t (I)
[nh in bo]
tin in bo
c gng ht sc
ngn
na
v d
bnh nguy him ri
dt
dt
bnh nng
dt
ngy mai
vng nh
dt
dt
(ngi) trng nh
dt
s chc mng
dt
tt
mt(cht)
T .t (I)
ni bun
dt
s dng
T .t (III)

Th mnh lnh -Th cm on
Cch chia t th t in sang th mnh lnh.
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
Cch chia t th t in sang th cm on.
II.
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
NG PHP:
Dng ra lnh hoc cm on ai lm vic g. V n l th mnh lnh,cm on nghe c sc thi

cng v chua cht nn ch dng khi ngi c a v cao hn vi ngi c a v thp hn. Thng
c gii hn s dng trong gii nam.
Dng trong trng hp ngi trn ni vi ngi di, cha ni vi con
- 137 -
n ngy mai phi tm tt xong bn bo co y
Hc bi i
Khng c xem tivi

Dng gia nhng ngi bn trai vi nhau
Ti nay n nh tao nh.
Khng ung bia na

Dng khi c v ( Trong trng hp ny th phi n cng c th s dng)
C ln
Chy i
Dng trong nhng trng hp khn cp, li ni cn ngn gn v c hiu qu nhanh nh trong c
quan nh my.
Tt ngun in i
Khng c lm ri
Dng trong hiu lnh hng dn giao thong.
Hy dng li
Khng c vo
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
A B
Ng php:
A c ngha l B
-V d:
- 138 -
Ci bin ny c ngha l hy dng li
Ci bin ny c ngha l khng c ht thuc
IV. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
A
Ng php:
L cch truyn li dn gin tip " A ni rng l ~~~"
-V d:
Quyen
Quyen
Quyn ni rng ngy mai s n vo lc 5h
Anh Nisimura ni rng s khng tham gia vo i hi th thao.
- 139 -
34
I.
T VNG:
MA
X
T LP
TRIT
KH
VONG
VT

DU
KIN
KIN

CHT VN
T
THI
BN DC
nh rng
[rng]
gy, m
bo, mp
iu ma BON
tt
tt
cu lc b th thao
dt
GIA C

THUYT MINH
TH
TUYN
TH N
HC
BCH
XCH
THANH
dng c gia nh
kha
dt
dt
tht lng an ton
dt
bng hng dn
dt
hnh minh ha
ng k, tuyn
hnh mi tn
en
trng
xanh
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
- 140 -
lp rp
Tha .t (II)
lm gy, b gy
nhn ra, nh ra
Tha .t (I)
T .t (I)
[ b qun]
chm
Tha .t (II)
[tng]
tm thy
[cha kha]
tht
T .t (I)
T .t (III)
[c vt]
hi
T .t (III)
II.
CM
TR SC
HONG,
HUNH SC
DU
TCH

TR O
TR
TIN
TI, TI

KH
TI LIU
PHN
NGC
PHN
IU V LIU
OA
HA
HA
CH
CH
mu tm than
nu
dt
dt
vng
dt
x du
nc st
hoc, hay l
ti hm qua
lc ny
tr o
pha tr
[tr]
trc ht
cht ln
nh th ny c
cha
ng
nguyn liu
phn
gram
qu
hnh ty
1 phn t
gia v
ci ni, cho
la
nhm bp
[la]
luc, nu, kho, ninh
nu chn, nu nh
ci bt ln
dt
dt
dt
dt
Tha .t
T .t
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
T .t
Tha .t
T .t
dt
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V(+ V2
V(+ V2
N
V2
Ng php:
Dng khi a ra ch th i vi ngi nghe,mun ngi nghe lm theo mt chun mc hay mt quy
tc no .
Khi hnh ng mu c thc hin th s dng cu trc:
V1 V2
- 141 -
-V d:

Hy bm phm trn my tnh,theo nh li ti ni lc ny
Hy th nu n theo nh hc ca m i.
Khi hnh ng mu cha c thc hin, thng i km vi cc ph t nh
th s dng cu trc:
V(+ V2
-V d:
T by gi hy vit theo nh li ti ni
Hy lm theo nh ti lm.
Vi danh t th s dng cu trc:
N
V2
-V d:
Hy bm nt theo s.
Hy i theo nh hnh mi tn
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V1 () V2
N V2
Ng php: Sau khi lm V1 hoc N th lm V2
-V d:
Sau khi kt thc cng vic th i ung.
Sau khi nghe gii thch th a ra cu hi.
Sau khi chi th thao th i tm.
Sau khi n cm th ung c ph.

- 142 -
IV. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V1(,V2
Ng php:
Lm V2 trong tnh trng V1
-V d:
(Ti) cm ri i ra ngoi
(Ti) eo knh ri c sch
V.
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V1(V2
Ng php:
Lm V2 trong tnh trng khng lm V1 hay khng lm V1 m lm V2
-V d:
Ngy ch nht ti khng i u ht m nh.
Ti khng i cu thang my m i cu thang b.
- 143 -
35
I.
T VNG:
TIU
HOA
BIN
SC
KHN
PH

THP
IN THOI

LC, NHC
CHNH
TRN
PHNG
HNG
O
THN
CNG
CN S
C THNG
HI NGOI
SN, SAN
NG
C, KY HI
HA KH
HON
THAO, THO
TC
PHNG PHP
THIT B
NU
CI
DIP
KHC
- 144 -
N
[Hoa]
Bin
[Mu sc]
Kh khn
nh
[Du chm]
Nht
C
T .t
T .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
T .t
[in thoi]
Nhn ri
Chnh xc
Him c, qu
V, ngi
Bn kia
o
Thn lng, xm
Cng
Hng xm
Sn thng
Nc ngoi
tt
tt
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Leo ni
dt
i b chi, d ngoi
C hi
S cho php
Chm, hnh trn
dt
dt
dt
dt
Thao tc
dt
Phng php
Thit b
Rm ca
Si dy
Ci np
L
Khc nhc, giai iu
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
LC, NHC

S

CHUNG

TNG,
SNG CN
Vui mng
Hn na
Lc u
Kt thc y
Tn a danh c sui
nc nng ni Ting
Tn a danh c sui
NHT QUANG
nc nng
Tn a danh-ni c
BCH M
th trt tuyt
Chu Phi
Nu
th th
D HNH Xe but v m
L HNH HI
Cng ty du lch
X
Chi tit
TNG

Ni trt tuyt
TRNG
THO TN
Tn a danh
CH H CAO
Tn a danh-ni c
NGUYN
th trt tuyt
CHU, CHU
Mc
Giao tip, pha trn
GIAO
[ CHU, CHU
GIAO Gn mc th en gn
[
n th sng
] XCH
]
NGN
Tc ng
TRNG LNG
Thn thin
TT YU Cn thit
Em ca mnh
- 145 -
dt
dt
dt
tt
dt
dt
T .t
dt
T .t
tt
Th iu kin_
II.
Cch chia ng t sang th iu kin (_
3
Tnh T
Tnh T
Danh T
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
(ni ting)
(p)
(r)
(bn rn)
(ma)
(qu sc)
III. NG PHP:
1. Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V(
A
A (
N(
Ng php:
Nu V th..... , din t mi quan h tt yu, ch iu kin cn thit mt s vic c hnh
thnh.
-V d:
Nu m c sch gii thch , th s hiu cch s dng
- 146 -
Nu m bi kim tra thnh cng th (ti) c th vo i hc.
Nu m quyn sch ny r th ti mua
Nu m hm nay bn th hy n vo ngy mai
Nu m rnh th hy gip ti.
Nu l ngi xinh p th ti s ci
Nu m tri ma th ng git .
2.
Cu trc + Ng php
Cu trc:
V(V)
A A
A A
Ng php:
Cng...., cng....., biu th cng lm ci g y th cng lm sao y
-V d:
Cng s dng my tnh th cng gii
Cng mi th cng tin li.
Cng cay th cng ngon
Thao tc cng n gin th cng d hiu
V m cng xinh th cng lo lng.
- 147 -
36
I.
T VNG:
Ti
hng ha
tham gia
GII
H VT
XUT
TH HP, CP
TR KIM
tit kim
mp ln
gy i
qu
7 gi
quen, thch nghi
tp qun
cng
THI
SU
QU
7 THI, TH
QUN
TP QUN
NGNH
NHUYN
IN T, T
T TH
HU I, I
IN THOI
CNG TRNG
KIN KHANG
KIM O
MI CHU
MI NIN

TT
TUYT I
THNG TH

BIN

- 148 -
I
T .t
trn u
nh
my nh ch
mm
Tha .t
Tha .t - T
.t
T .t
T .t
T .t
T .t
T .t
T .t
t in in t
dt
in thoi di ng
dt
nh my
sc khe
kim o
mi tun
mi nm
cui cng
kh, tng i
nht nh
tuyt i
mt cch kho lo,
gii
c gng ht sc
do ny
Tng ci
v pha th
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt

KHCH
DNG
C BIT

THY VNH

KH TR
THA VT
LCH S
TH K
VIN
KH XA
KH THUYN
I TH

VN
PHI
AN TON
V TR
A CU
HUYNH
II.
tn nh son nhc
qu khch
dt
c bit
tt
ang lm
s bi li
dt
chng hn, nh l
iu nhy Tango
thch thc
tm trng
phng tin giao
thng
lch s
th k
ni xa
tu ha
tu thy chy bng
hi nc
dt
T .t
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
nhiu
chuyn ch, vn
chuyn
bay
an ton
v tr
a cu
Tha .t
T .t
tt
dt
dt
anh em nh Wright
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V1V2
V1
V2
Ng php:
Mu cu c ngha " lm c V1(hoc khng lm V1) th lm V2" V1 ch mc ch , V2 ch
hnh ng c ch thc hin mc ch V1.
-V d:
- 149 -
c th n c nhanh th gi ha tc.
c th ni c ting Nht th phi luyn tp hng ngy
khng b mun Sinkansen th nn ri khi nh nhanh
khng b qun s in thoi th hy ghi li.
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
Ng php:
l ng t c ngha l bin i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc.Mu cu "
" c ngha l tr nn lm c ci g y.
-V d:
Ti tr nn kh hiu ting Nht trn tivi
Bng ting Nht ti c th ni c kin ca bn than
Ti c th g my tnh nhanh.
IV. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
Ng php:
Mu cu ny mang ngha ngc vi mu cu II,ch s bin i t c th sang khng th.
-V d:
Ngy mai khng th i chi c
Ti khng th c c ch nh
- 150 -
Ti khng th tham gia c l kt hn.
V.
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
V
Ng php:
Mang ngha ai c gng thay i thi quen hoc hon cnh. C gng....
-V d:
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng 10h v n nh
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng chi vi bn tr
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng ngh cu lc b th thao.
D cng vic c bn rn th ti cng c gng khng tng ca.
- 151 -
37
I.
T VNG:
BAO
Khen thng
Tha dt(II)
ST
la, mng
Tha .t (I)
mi, r r
Tha .t (I)
KHI
nh thc dy
Tha .t (I)
CHIU I
mi
LI
nh v
Tha .t (I)
CH
O
ch
ly trm
T .t (III)
T .t (I)
[
]
Tha .t (III)
h chiu
P
HOI

HNH
THU XUT
THU NHP
PHIN DCH
PHT MINH
PHT KIN
THIT K
M
MCH
THCH DU
NGUYN LIU
N BNG
CNH QUAN
- 152 -
dm
ph hng
lm bn
tin hnh, t chc
Tha .t (I)
Tha .t (I)
Tha .t (I)
Tha .t (I)
xut khu
Tha .t (III)
nhp khu
Tha .t (III)
dch thut
Tha .t (III)
pht minh
Tha .t (III)
pht hin
Tha (III)
thit k
go
la mch
du ha
nguyn liu
hn h vi ngi yu
k trm
cnh st
Tha .t (III)
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
KIN TRC GIA

KHOA HC GI
MN, MAN
HA, HOCH
TH GII
TRUNG
TRUNG
kin trc s
nh khoa hc
dt
dt
truyn tranh
dt
khp th gii
dt
khp
theo, theo nh
may qu, tt qu
GIANG H
THI, TH I
MAI LP
K THUT
TH A
TAO M
LI DNG
HO HOA
IU KHC
MIN
IU
TRNG GIAN
HU
NHT S
HUYN MNH
TH
NHT THT
MIN MIU
T PHM NG
LANG
PH
VT
- 153 -
thi i
Tha .t (II)
lp t
dt
k thut
t ai
ting n
dt
dt
dt
s dng
T .t (III)
giao thng, ng s
ho hoa
iu khc
ng
khc, chm tr
cng nhm, cng hi
sau
dt
tt
dt
T .t (I)
Tha .t (I)
dt
chm ch
con chut
mt con cng khng
c
tn bc iu khc
dt
tn nh iu khc
Lm bing
tt
K lm bing
dt
Th b ng
Cch ng t sang th b ng
1 uso
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
Ng php bi 37 vi th b ng:
II.
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
N1 N2
V(-th b ng)
Ng php:
N1 b N2 hoc c N2 lm g .
-V d:

Ti c b trng khen

Ti c b trng nh lm vic

Ti b ai dm ln chn

Ti b m vt truyn tranh.
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
- 154 -
N1 N2 ( ng t th b ng)
Ng php:
N2 c lm g ti a im N1
-V d

Trin lm c din ra ti Osaka
Hi ngh quc t c tin hnh ti Osaka

Vin m thut ny s b ph vo thng sau
200
200
Vin m thut ny c xy vo 200 nm trc

t ca Nht bn ang c xut khu i nhiu nc

IV. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
N1 N2 (ng t b ng)
Ng php:
N1 c lm hay c sng ch bi N2
-V d

Truyn truyn thuyt Genji c vit bi Murasaki sikibu

in thoi c pht minh bi Graham.Bell.
- 155 -
38
I.
T VNG:
DC
VN
VONG
NHP VIN
THOI, THI
VIN
NHP
IN NGUYN
THIT
IN NGUYN
QUI
KIN
KH TR
KH TR
TIU
XCH
TIU HC
HIU, GIO
TRUNG HC
HIU, GIO
DCH TIN
HI NGN
TH LOI
IN NGUYN
CH

TIN

THT L
NGUYN BC
- 156 -
Trng, chm sc
Vn chuyn
Mt, cht
nhp vin
Tha .t (I)
ra vin
T .t (I)
b vo, bt in
T .t (III)
ngun in
T .t (III)
tt
Tha .t (I)
ngun in
kha
cha kha
thoi mi, sung
sng
Tha .t (II)
kh chu, kh
tt
to
nh
em b
tt
tt
dt
trng cp 1
dt
trng cp 2
dt
ch trc nh ga
b bin
li ni di
ti liu, giy t
ngun in
hng ca hng, nc
khng c ri
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
xin php v trc

ta nh trng by
tt

HI LM
II.
NGHIN CU
THT

CHNH L

BN, BN
NHT SCH

P

SONG T, T
T, T MUI
5 NIN SINH
T
TNH, TNH
CCH

TH THOI

KINH
THI, TH GIAN
I HO
IM

HUYN HOA
BT T NGH
hnh nh chin tranh

Hiroshima
chuyn tay nhau xem
v k tn
phng nghin cu
dt
dt
sch s, chnh t
Chnh n, thu gn
Tha .t (III)
sch ni v
1 quyn
con du
n
ng du
sinh i
ch em
hc sinh lp 5
ging nhau
dt
Tha (I)
dt
dt
dt
T .t (II)
tnh cch
dt
tnh tnh ngoan, hin
tt
chm sc
tri qua
Tha .t
T .t (I)
thi gian tri qua

rt thch
im s
class
dt
ci nhau
T .t (III)
l lng
tt
dt
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
Ng php:
Khi ng t th t in cng vi s bin thnh danh t hay cn gi l danh t ha ng t.
Dng din t cm tng, nh gi i vi ch th ca cu vn v c tc dng nhn mnh vn
mun ni.
-V d
- 157 -
Mt ngi m vn chuyn ng hnh l ny l khng th.
Vic i do vo bui sng th cm gic rt thoi mi
Vic tham gia vo i tnh nguyn vin rt l th v
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
Ng php:
Cng vi ngha ging (I) nhng khi ch ng l ti hoc mt i t nhn xng no khc th
c thay bng
-V d
Ti thch nghe nhc c in
Ti v tranh th km
Ti i b th nhanh
Ti n th chm
IV. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
Ng php:
Khi mun ni l bn qun mt lm mt vic g y hay hi ai c bit thng tin g y khng th
chng ta dng tr t
-V d:
Ti qun mt vic tt in
- 158 -
Ti qun mt vic ung thuc
Ti qun mt vic lin lc vi yamada
Bn c bit vic anh Tanaka ngy mai xut vin khng?
Bn c bit vic th su tun sau khng c gi (hc) khng?
Bn c bit vic trc nh ga mi hon thnh mt khch sn to khng?
V.
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
Ng php:
ng sau ng t th t in + cng c th l danh t N,
Ni con gi ti sinh ra l mt thnh ph nh ti Hokkaido
iu quan trng nht l sc khe ca gia nh.
- 159 -
39
I.
T VNG:
P
CHT VN
P
O
Tr li
II
[Tr li cu hi]
ng
T .t
[Ta nh ]
THIU
GIA
NHC
THNG
AN TM
TR KHC
TO THOI,
THI
LY HN
PHC TP
T MA
HI
BI
S
A CHN
I PHONG
HA S
S C
KIN HP, CP
IN THOI
I
- 160 -
Chy
T .t
[Chy nh]
[Bnh m chy]
[Tht chy]
i qua, thng qua
ng
cht
git mnh
tht vng
an tm
Tha .t
T .t
T .t
T .t
T .t
chm tr
T .t
v sm
T .t
ly hn
phc tp
cn tr, phin phc
d, bn
vui sng
bun c c
ngng ngng
ng t
bo
ha hon
tai nn
T .t
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
l ra mt
dt
cc in thoi
dt
cc
II.
chnh din, phng

tip tn
HIU CHT phng s
HN
m hi
khn tm
x phng
THCH
I TH
nhiu
B DNG cho chia tay sau gi
lm vic

thm hi
T, T
gia chng
TRUNG
xe ti
ng phi
xp hng
TNH
I NHN
ngi ln
DNG PHC
u phc
TY DNG
Ty u ha
HA
hp
HP, CP
by gi
KIM
THNH NHN
l thnh nhn
THC
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
t t
t t
dt
dt
t t
t t
dt
NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V(
V ,
A
Ng php:
Mu cu dng nu l do, nguyn nhn nhm biu l cm xc, cm tng.Cc t ch cm xc
thng c s dng nh l:
-->Ngc nhin
--> Tht vng
--> Yn tm
--> Kh khn
--->vui sng
-->bun b
----> ng tic
- 161 -
-V d:
Ti ngc nhin sau khi c th
Nhn c in thoai th ti thy an tm
C ta khng c lin lc g nn ti thy lo lng
V tai nn nn c nhiu ngi cht.
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V
+
A
+
A
+
N
+
Ng php:
ng t , tnh t, danh t th thng thng + dng ch l do, nguyn nhn mt cch
khch quan theo din bin, tnh hung t nhin. Ngha tng ng vi nhng mang m
iu nh nhng hn nn thng c dng trong cc tnh hung xin php.
-V d:
V ti c vic bn, nn ti xin php v trc
V sc khe ca ti khng c tt nn cho ti v sm c c khng?
V ti khng hiu ting Nht nn lm n ni chun bng ting Vit c c khng?
V hm qua l sinh nht nn ti ung qu nhiu bia.
- 162 -
40
I.
T VNG:
S
TRC
LNG
XC
HP, CP

HP, CP
XUT PHT
O TRC
TY
NGUY HIM
TT YU
VONG NIN
HI
TN NIN HI
NH TH HI
BIU
L
PHN S
THN (nhp)
BN, BN
NG
GIAN VI
THNG
TRNG
TRNG, TRNG
CAO
I
TIN
- 163 -
m
o
cn
xc nhn li
hp vi
Tha .t
Tha .t
T .t
T .t
kch c
khi hnh
T .t
ti, n
T .t
say
nguy him
cn thit
T .t
tt
tt
tic cui nm
dt
tic u nm
tic tng hai
maraton
cuc thi
mt ngoi, pha
ngoi
mt sau, b sau
hi m
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
ng k
dt
s tht
dt
sai, nhm
v try, sc
qun ty
di
dt
dt
dt
dt
nng
dt
cao
ln
chuyn (dng cho
dt
dt
dt
dt
HIU
BN, BN
BI
TUYT T
D THNG
D H
THNH TCH
my bay)
hiu, bit hiu, ch s th t (dt)
n v n vt trn
dt
nh
n v m vt di
dt
m chn cm, ly bia
dt
kilogam
dt
gram
dt
cm
dt
mm
dt
t mc tr ln
dt
t mc tr xung
dt
thi th (dng khi
chuyn ti )
l hi trt tuyt
dt
thy th no
thnh tch
dt
dng khi chuyn
ti
C mt, Ti
DNG T, T
S KIN
BC N, N
TCH
VN CHUYN
GI
LY
O
CP
NG

HUYN MNH
PHM NHN
TH NHP

KIM
N
- 164 -
trng thi, tnh hnh

s kin
xe m t
bom, n
cht ng
dt
dt
dt
dt
Tha .t
ti x
dt
ni xa
dt
Chy trn
t ngt
lm c ng
T .t
Tha .t
Nhit tm, chm ch

phm nhn
dt
c trong tay
Tha .t
by gi cng
n i
Tha .t
II.
NG PHP:
(T hi) + V(-Th thng thng) +

Khng bit l c nh th no hay khng?
-V d:
Ti khng bit l khi no th cuc hp kt thc.
Hy ni cho ti bit l c bao nhiu lon bia.
Hy tm hiu xem trong hp c g hay khng?
III. NG PHP:
Khi khng c t hi th cu trc l :
V(-Th thng thng) +
-V d;
Hy kim tra xem l c b thng hay khng?
Hy xc nhn li xem l hng ha n hay cha?
Khng bit l cu chuyn y c tht hay khng?
IV. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V ng t th +
Ng php:
Th lm mt hnh ng V
-V d:
i th i giy mi
Th c gng thm mt ln na
Th gii thch bng ting Nht
- 165 -
41
I.
T VNG:

H
TH TH
THN THIT

KH I
CHC
NIN NGC
KIN V
HNG V
TNH BO
VN PHP
PHT M
VIN

HI BN, BN
HI
NGOA H
TH I
CH LUN
T PH
T MU

THN DCH

- 166 -
(ngi khc)cho
mnh
lm,lm cho
gi
i li
Tha .t
i x t t
Tha .t
d thng
chc mng
tin mng tui
i thm ngi bnh
quan tm,hng th
thng tin,tin tc,tnh
bo
ng php
pht m
con kh
thc n cho ng vt
chi
sch tranh
bu nh
v,tt
gng tay
chic nhn
ng
b
ch,bc
ch,bc (ca ngi khc)
c bc
c bc(ca ngi
khc)
nm kia
ting reo(A!)
thnh tht xin li
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
tt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
D
TIN NHT
TR
TCH THOI

NAM
T, T CUNG

QUY, QUI
TR
THNH
C DNG
LC, NHC

M
LC

YN
CHN
BCH
TRUNG THN
gi,ct gi
ngy hm qua
c gip ,may
qu
chuyn ngy xa
c
n ng
Tha .t
dt
T .t
dt
dt
bn tr con
dt
tru chc
con ra
cu, gip
thnh quch
cng cha
Tha .t
dt
Tha .t
dt
dt
vui sng
sng
lc a
ri th
khi
trng tot,trng xa
ni dung,ci bn
trong
tua vt,ngi li xe
khn tay
ci ti
T .t
dt
dt
tt
dt
cc bi trc cc bn c bit n biu hin cho v nhn l :

bi ny cc bn s c bit thm
Nhng biu hin ny c dng ty theo mi quan h ca ngi cho v ngi nhn
II.
NG PHP VI
Cu trc:
A N
Nhn t A vt N, y A c a v cao hn ngi ni. L knh ng ca
-V d:
Ti nhn c qu t gim c.
Ci tem qu him gh ha
Ti c nhn n t trng phng y.

- 167 -
Cu trc
A V
Ngha cng ging nh cu trc A nhng y khng phi l danh t m l ng t. Nhn t A mt
hnh ng V.
-V d:
Ti c c gio dn i Tokyo
Ti c trng phng cho mn my quay phim
Ti c v ca gim c cho xem ngh thut cm hoa.
III. NG PHP VI
Cu trc:
A
Mnh nhn c N t A y A c a v cao hn mnh, l th lch s ca

-V d:
Ti c gim c tng qu
Chic khn tay p gh nh
ti nhn c n t c gio y ( y tuy khng c

Cu trc:
A
v c n i )
Cng vi ngha ging nh cu trc A nhng l mnh nhn c hnh ng g y t ngi c a

v cao hn mnh.C th n
-V d:
Ti c trng phng gi cho ti liu ca cuc hp
Ti c v ca gim c lm cho mn Tenpura
IV. Cu trc + Ng php vi

Cu trc:
A N
Lm N cho A, y A c a v thp hn ngi ni.
- 168 -
-V d:
Ti cho con trai n ko
Ti cho con ch n
Cu trc:
A V
Lm hnh ng g y cho A
-V d:
Ti cho con ch i do
Ti mua chi cho con gi ti.
- 169 -
42
I.
T VNG
PH, PHT
HN
K TON
HU
BC
BIN, BIN H
S
M LC, NHC
GIA
T, T CUNG

NH NHN
GIO DC
LCH S
VN HA
X HI
PHP LUT
CHIN TRANH
BNH HA
MC CH
AN TON
LUN VN
QUAN H

XUYN, THEN
BT
HU, PHU
THIT
HU, PHU
CT
PHONG L PHU

TH N K
TI LIU
THCH
- 170 -
un si
Tha .t
trn ,khuy
tnh ton
dy
mng
Tha .t
Tha .t
tt
tt
lut s
dt
nhc s
dt
tr con
dt
2 ngi
gio dc
lch s
vn ha
x hi
php lut
chin tranh
ha bnh
mc ch
an ton
lun vn
quan h
m un nc
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
ci m nt chai
dt
dng c m hp
dt
hp
dt
khn gi kiu Nht

bn tnh
cp nhit
vt liu
, si
kim t thp
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
II.

QUC LIN
QUC T LIN
HP, CP

OA
THC PHM
IU TRA

I

KIM
d liu
tp tin
ti sao
lin hip quc
dt
dt
dt
lin hip quc
dt
cn li
ni, cho
ci t ln
thc phm
iu tra
li na
thay cho
bt c ni no
by gi
my xay sinh t
Bettoven
Ba lan
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
NG PHP
Cu trc:
V
, cho,v (1)
N()
, cho,v (1)
mu cu ny c dng din t mt mc ch.
-V d:
Ti dnh gim tin m mt ca hng ca ring mnh
Ti s thu mt ci xe cho vic chuyn nh

V sc kho ca mnh,ti chy b mi sng.
Ti s xy cho gia nh ti mt ci nh
Ch :
bn hc bi 36 cng din t mt mc ch nhng khng s dng vi ng t th
ch. Vi mu cu 1 c th i cng ng t th ch. thng i vi ng t th kh nng.
- 171 -

*
Ti tit kim tin c th c c mt ca hng ring(*)
III. NG PHP
Cu trc:
V
cho,dng , N
Ci ko ny dng ct hoa
Ci cp ny to tht ,thun tin i du lch
Ti mt nhiu thi gian cho vic tm s in thoi

IV.
Din t s lng qu nhiu th dng . Khi ngi nghe cm thy s lng l qu nhiu
so vi mnh th dng
-V d:
20000
nht bn,bn cn t nht 2 triu yn t chc m ci
20000
Tn 20000 yn h?
- 172 -
43
I.
T NG:
TNG
THU XUT
TNG
GIM
THU XUT
GIM
THNG
TR ON
THNG
H
TR ON
THIT
NU
THIT
TH

TH
LC
H VT
LC
V, M

V, M
TRNG PHU
BIN
HNH

HA
NON PHNG,
- 173 -
Gia tng
II
Gia tng xut khu

gim
T .t
Gim xut khu

tng ln
T .t
Gi c tng ln
h, gim xung
T .t
Gi c h xung
b t
T .t
Dy b t
st, t
T .t
Khuy st
ri, rt
T .t
Hng ha ri
ht
T .t
Ht xng
bn, chc
tt
k quoc
hnh phc
ngon, kho, gii
d( n, ung)
d, chn
la
my iu ha nng
tt
tt
tt
tt
tt
dt
BNG
LNH PHNG,
BNG
KIM

HI VIN
THCH NG
NIN LINH
THU, THU
NHP

THNG
II.
NGN

dt
ngay lc ny y
i
hi vin
dt
thch hp
tt
tui tc
dt
thu nhp, doanh thu
dt
dt
ph hp, va vn
hn na, thm vo
(ti) tn l
hoa hng
li xe
dt
dt
Mu cu biu hin trng thi , suy on ca ngi ni v mt s vic trong

tng lai hay v trng thi hin ti ca ai , ca ci g .
Cu trc:
ng t b
Tnh t ui b +
Tnh t ui b +
-V d
Tri c v sp ma by gi.
c v sp ri t trn gi xung.
Mn n ny c v ngon.
RI c v ang rnh.
Ngy mai (thi tit) c v tr nn nng.
C ta c v thng minh.
III.
my iu ha lnh
Mu cu lm g ri quay tr li
Cu trc:
V
- 174 -
-V d:
i ht thuc mt cht ri quay v
i gi in mt cht ri quay v
?
Ti i xem gi xe bus ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.
Ti a xe t vo bi u xe ri quay li nn hy ch y nh.
- 175 -
44
I.
T VNG:
TIU
CAN, CN,
KIN
NHU
HOT
KHI
S C
KHI
IU TIT
AN TON
INH NINH
T
NNG, NNG
BC
KHNG,
KHNG KH
L
HA THC
DNG THC

LNG
BI
BN PHN

TY TRC VT
L DO
ci
T .t
kh
T .t
t
trt ng
xy ra
T .t
T .t
T .t
Xy ra s c
iu chnh
an ton
ng hong, lch s
nh, chi tit, tinh t
tt
tt
tt
tt
nht, lt
tt
khng kh
dt
nc mt
mn n Nht
mn n phng Ty
n(n vi cm)
lng, s lng
gp bi
mt na
t qun o
git
l do
dt
dt
dt
dt
lm th no
mun lm nh th no
hy lm ging nh~
- 176 -
T .t
nh vy c cha
dt
dt
dt
II.
B DNG cm phin ng(b)

rt nhiu

khng thch, khng
HIM
a, khng va lng
THUN T
trnh t, th t
BIU HIN
biu hin, by t
v d
LIT
chia tay
BIT
nhng th ny

DUYN KHI
king c, trnh ni
iu xu
C
phng n

phng i

ct tc

du gi u

ngn

NG PHP:
-Cu trc
V(b
A (b ) +
A (+
-Lm g y qu mc hay mt tnh trng qu mc.
-V d:
Ti ung qu nhiu ru
Ti n qu nhiu tht
Ci vn ny qu kh
Cn phng ny qu hp
Phng php ny qu phc tp
III. NG PHP:
Cu trc:
V(b ) +
- 177 -
T .t
dt
dt
T .t
tt
dt
dt
D lm 1 ci g
-V d:
Ci thuc ny d ung
Ci ko ny d s dng
?
Vo ngy c tuyt th ng tr nn d b trt ng.
IV. NG PHP:
-Cu trc:
V(b ) +
Kh lm c mt vic g y
-V d:
tokyo th kh sng
i dy ny kh i
Con ng ny hp nn kh li xe
Thng 12 v l bn nn kh xin c ngh.
V. NG PHP:
-Cu trc:
N A ---> A
N A ---> A
Lm mt hnh ng A g
-V d:
Lm cho tc ngn li ( Ct tc)
- 178 -
Lm cho gi h xung
Lm cho phng sch s
Lm tng gp i lng nc
VI. NG PHP:
-Cu trc:
S N
D nh vi S th lm N
-V d:
Lm ba ti vi cm c r ( D nh )
Bn nh i chuyn my bay no?
Ti i chuyn my bay lc khong 11 h
Ti chn phng i.
VII. NG PHP:
-Cu trc:
N A ---> A V~
N A ---> A V~
Lm mt hnh ng V vi tnh cht A
-V d:
Lm n gii thch c th cho ti v thao tc c khng ?
Hy vit ch to ln
hy dn dp sch s trn bn
Nn ni chuyn mt cch lch s vi buchyo.

- 179 -
45
I.
T VNG:
TAO
[ TAO
]
TN
DNG

BO CHNG
TH
LNH, LNH
THU, THU
TH
TNG VT
GIAN VI
IN THOI
[]
TRUNG CH
IM
TRT
CP
LC, NHC

D THNG
H VIN
QUN L
NHN
NHT V
U THNG
gp
Gp s c
tin tng
chun b
T .t
T .t
xa, loi b
T .t
tri chy, thnh cng
T .t
giy bo hnh
dt
giy bin nhn, ha

n
dt
qu tng
dt
in thoi nhm s
dt
nhn vin chuyn

trch
ngng li gia
ng
im
tin Nht
chnh t, ng hang
mt cch t ngt
- 180 -
dt
dt
dt
dt
mong i
xin ht(kt thc bi
pht biu)
ngi ph trch
ngi qun l (chung
c, k tc x)
ng u, ng nht
t c hng nht
tm s, ni lng,
phin mun
MC GIC ng h bo thc
NO
T .t
dt
T .t
dt
dt
II.
MIN
GIC
MC
GIC
I HC SINH
HI P
MINH

ng
thc dy
T .t
T .t
sinh vin
p n
ku, reo
iu chnh
d th
cm tri
cn trc
ng ua, kha hc
xut pht, bt u
dt
dt
T .t
Tha .t
NG PHP:
Mu cu :
V1( + ~~~
A
+ ~~~~
A
+ ~~~~
N
+ ~~~~
Ng php:
Mu cu ny c ngha l : Trong trng hp ~~~~ , th~~~~~
V trc ca cu gi nh mt s vic g xy ra , cn v 2 l hng gii quyt
-V d:
113
113
Vn nht xy ra ha hon th nn gi ngay n s 113
Trong trng hp n cng ty mun th hy lin lc
?
Trong trng hp th khng n th hy lin lc
Trong trng hp st cao th hy ung thuc ny
Trong trng hp cn giy thanh ton tin th hy ni vi ch tim
Trong trng hp my tnh b hng th nn bn

- 181 -
dt
dt
dt
dt
III.
NG PHP:
Mu cu:
V(
A
Ng php:
Mc d ~~~~,
Tri vi d on ca ngi ni v trc, v sau vn xy ra
-V d
Mc d ti hc ch hn hng ngy vy m vn khng th nh nhiu lm.
Ci ca hng ny mc d khng ngon nhng gi t.
Mc d chng ti nu n gii nhng chng my khi lm gip ti
Hm nay tuy l ch nht m ti vn phi lm vic
- 182 -
46
I.
T VNG
[]

XUT
[ BN, BN
]
TH
NHP
TNH BO
TH
NHP
QUY, QUI
LAI
XUT
LU TH
TRCH
PHI TIN
NGUYN
NHN
CH X
THC DC
S
INH

KIM
C HP,
CP

DNG

HNG
- 183 -
a, trao cho
cng b, xut bn
Tha .t
T .t
Xut bn sch
c c trong tay
T .t
Nm bt c thng tin
v n
T .t
khi hnh
vng nh
T .t
dt
giao hng tn nh
dt
nguyn nhn
dt
tim, chch
s thm n, mun n
t bm qung co
dn my
ch ~
va, hp, ng lc
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
ngay lc ny, va mi
trung tm cung cp gas
dt
l gas, bp gas
dt
trng thi, tnh trng
dt
xin cho bit qu danh

hng n, ang n
cho ng(b) ch i
II.
TRI THC
BO KH
NHT B
PHN
NHP LC

MIU
tri thc
kho bu
h thng
dt
dt
dt
t kha, t quan trng
dt
b phn
dt
nhp d liu vo my tnh

giy
NG PHP:
Mu cu :
V
V
V
+
+
+
Ng php:
c ngha chnh l ch, nhng n cng c s dng ch mt v tr thi gian.
trong bi ny mang ngha th hai . N c dng khi ngi ni mun truyn t n ngi nghe
tin ca mt hnh ng no ang din ra c thi hoc ch phn ng ca i tng.
V
+ : sp sa lm~
Mu cu ny ch mt ngi no ang bt u lm mt vic g hay mt vic g ang bt u.
N thng c dung chung vi hay
-V d:
Anh n cm tra ri h?
Cha, tui sp sa n by gi

Va ng lc ti nh ung tr. Th no chng ta cng i ung nh.

Mu Cu:
V
+ : ang lm ~
Mu cu ny ch mt hnh ng no ang din ra hoc ang c din ra. N thng c s

dng chung vi t
-V d:
- 184 -

Cc ti liu cho bui hp xong cha?
Xin li by gi tui ang copy. Xin i mt cht na.

Mu Cu:
V
+ : Va mi ~ xong
Mu cu ny ch mt ngi no va mi lm xong mt hnh ng no hay mt hnh ng no
va mi hon tt. N thng c s dng chung vi
-V d:
ng Takahasi v ri h?
Vng, va mi v tc th.
* ca trn hnh thc l mt danh t, nn ~N hoc ~ c th i
theo ngay sau n chng hn nh ~ hay ~
Mu Cu:
V
+ : Va mi ~ xong.
Mu cu ny ch s biu hin ca ngi ni v mt vic g mi xy ra tc th.
-V d:
Xin li tui tr.
khng, tui cng va mi n tc th.
ng ta va mi n Nht thng trc.

Mu Cu:
V + v V +
Hai mu cu ny c ngha tng t nhau, nhng im khc nhau l V + ch biu biu
hin c hnh ng va mi hon tt xong, trong khi V + khng nhng biu hin
c nh th m cn biu hin c hnh ng hon tt khc lu nu ngi ni cm thy n vn
cn ngn.
- 185 -
* Cc ph t c s dng chung vi th V + khng ch gii hn cc t biu hin

thi gian mi va ngay trc nh (mi trc ), (by gi), m cn i vi nhng t
(2 gi trc), (hm qua), (tun trc), (thng trc).
* trn hnh thc l mt danh t, nn N hoc c th i theo ngay
sau n, chng hn nh v . Ngoi ra n cng
c th b ngha cho danh t, nh trong cu chic
o va mi git xong.
- 186 -
47
I.
T VNG
[]
TP
[ NHN ]
BIT
TRNG SINH

M / M

V
(mi)

Tp hp, t hp li
[Mi ngi]
chia tay
sng lu
T .t
pht ra
Pht ra(m thanh,
ging ni)
C (v)
T .t
C (Mi)
[Gi ln, gng ln]
TN
B
THIN KH D
BO
PHT BIU
THC NGHIM
NHN KHU
(mi)
KHOA HC
Y HC
VN HC
Tha .t
Che d
kinh khng, tn khc
s hi, ng s
tt
tt
d bo thi tit
dt
pht biu
th nghim
dn s
mi
khoa hc
y hc
vn hc
xe ca cnh st
xe cp cu
tn thnh
phn i
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
CU CP XA
TN THNH
PHN I
NAM TNH,
nam gii
TNH
N TNH, TNH n gii
c l, dng nh
da vo, theo nh
tn o Indonesia
Iran
- 187 -
T .t
dt
dt
II.
California
o Guam
LUYN NHN
HN C
TNG,
TNG TH
TRI HP,
CP
BNH QUN
TH MNH
T, T, B
NAM TNH,
TNH T,
T, B
BC S
NO
HA TRANG
PHM
IU
HA TRANG
ngi yu
nh hn
i tc, i tng
quen bit
tui th bnh qun
so vi
dt
T .t
dt
T .t
dt
T .t
So vi nam gii
tin s
no, c
Hooc-mon
dt
dt
dt
m phm
dt
s tra cu, tm hiu

trang im
dt
dt
NG PHP:
V + Ti nghe rng
Mu cu:
y l s biu hin v vic thut li y nguyn mt tin nghe c t u cho ai nghe. Khi mun
ch ni loan truyn ngun tin th t u cu vn nhm ch theo nh~
-V d:
Ti nghe rng c Ikeda sp kt hn.
Theo tin tc th c trn ng t ln Hoa K.

-V tr :
ni v tin n i theo sai th thng thng ca ng t, tnh t I, tnh t na v danh t.
Hy ch v s khc bit ngha cng nh v tr ca m chng ta hc v trng thi
trong bi 43.
- 188 -
-V d:
Nghe ni rng tri ma.
Hnh nh tri ma.
Nghe ni rng phim ny hay.
Phim ny hnh nh hay.
Nghe ni rng ng Tanaka khe mnh.
ng Tanaka hnh nh khe mnh.

* v
C v (bi 39) c ngha nh nhau trong vic ni li cho ngi
no nghe mt tin tc g m mnh nghe c. Tuy nhin theo v d di y th ngha v cch s
dng chng c hi khc nhau.
-V d:
(1)
Ti nghe rng ngy mai ng Tanaka ngy mai i Osaka.

(2)
ng Tanaka ni rng ngy mai ng ta i Osaka.
C hai v d trn u c cng mt tin l , nhng ni pht ra ngun tin
khc nhau. Trong v d (2) th ngun tin do chnh ng Osaka ni ra, cn trong v d (1) th
khng nht thit l do ng Tanaka ni, m c th l do mt ngi no ni ra.
Ngoi ra cu vn dn dng ca v d (2), c th dung th lch s, th mnh lnh, hay s biu hin v
mt yu cu no , nhng ca v d (1) th khng.
III. NG PHP:
hnh nh l ~
V
+
A
+
A +
N
+
Mu cu ny din t s phng on theo nhn xt ch quan ca ngi ni cn c trn kin thc qua
nhng tin tc t bn ngoi m ngi ni cm nhn c.
- 189 -
-V d:

Ti nghe c ting ng ngoi ca. Hnh nh c ai n.

* (trng thi bi s 43) v
Lee (1)
Lee
ng Lee lnh bnh v trng khe mnh.
Lee (2)
ng Lee Osaka hnh nh khe mnh.
V d (1) ch s phn on theo quan st trc tip ca ngi ni cn c vo hnh dng, hnh ng
ca ng Lee m ngi ni thy c. Cn trong v d (2) ch s phn on ca ngi ni cn c
theo tin tc m ngi ni nhn c chng hn nh c th ca ng Lee gi.
*
thng c s dng trong th vn c biu hin s khng chnh xc, chng
hn nh lin quan n mt chuyn g m ngi ni khng bit c ng s thc hay khng, nhng
vn ngh rng khng chng l vy. N khng c s dng trong cu c hay
Hnh nh ti b cm.
*
Khi biu l mt hin tng cm nhn c bng cm gic th s dng nh trong cu
nghe ting. Ngoi ra c th s dng hnh thc ny biu l mt s hin tng cm nhn
khc nh nm thy, ngi thy, nghe ging, v.v
Cc x phng ny ngi thy mi thm.
- 190 -
48
I.
T VNG:
GING,
HNG
GII
TH THOI

HIM
NGHIM
THC
SINH
GI
NHP QUN
TI NHP
QUC
T DO
MANG

CU
DOANH NGHIP
CU

LC, NHC

TH K
I

CNH
TRANH

- 191 -
bc d, em xung (t
xe,)
ly, h xung (t trn
xung)
n, trnh bo
chm sc
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
Tha .t
ght, khng a
tt
nghim khc
tt
dy km, trng t thc

thi kha biu
hc tr
ngi
cc qun l xut nhp
cnh
dt
dt
dt
dt
visa ti nhp cnh
dt
dt
t do
bn rn lm phi
khng?
lu, mt thi gian di
vic kinh doanh
cho n khi
khng sao u
vui v, thng thc, mong i
ngun gc
th k~
thay th
tc
Tha .t
dt
chy ua
rp xic, gnh xic
dt
NGH
M
TM
B, B
II.
ngh thut
p
th thi, dng v, phong
tri tim, tm lng

bt, nm ly
dt
tt
dt
dt
Tha .t
i vi
Cch chia ng t th sai khin:
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
III. S cu to ca cc ng t sai khin:

Trong th vn sai khin c 2 tr t v dng ch ch t hnh ng. Khi ng t trong cu
l t ng t, nh v d (1) bn di th c s dng. Cn nu l tha ng t, nh v d (2) bn
di th c s dng m khng cn bit tc t ca ng t c c ni n hay khng.
-V d:

(1)
Trng phng sai ng Kato di cng tc Osaka.

Ti bt con gi ti hc n Piano.
IV. ngha ca cc cu th sai khin:

Cu vn th sai khin c 2 ngha d cho ng t s dng l t ng t hay tha ng t. Ngha th
nht l Cng Ch, ngha th hai l Cho Php. Trong cun gio khoa chnh, chng ta ch yu hc
v cch s dng vi ngha Cng Ch.
- 192 -
1.Cng Ch:
c s dng th hin bt mt ngi no lm theo nh mnh lnh hay yu cu phi
lm mt vic g bt chp kin ca ng s.
-V d:

Ti sai a con trai i mua .
2.Cho Php:
Cu vn th sai khin c dng cho php hay chp nhn cho mt ngi no lm mt
hnh ng g.
-V d:
Lee
Lee
Trng phng cho php Lee v sm.
V.
Cch s dng th sai khin:

1.
Cu vn th sai khin c dng khi s lin h trn di r rng, chng hn nh s lin

h gia cha con, anh em hay cp trn vi cp di trong cng mt cng ty. Ngi trn
sai hay cho php ngi di lm mt vic g.
-V d:

Ti sai a em trai mang hnh l.
2.
Tuy nhin, khi ngi ni ni vi ngi bn ngoi rng ng ta s sai mt ngi no

trong nhm ca ng ta lm, nh cu v d bn di, th cu vn th sai khin c s
dng m khng cn n s lin h trn di trong ni b ca ngi ni.
-V d:

V my Copy b h, lm n n sa dm.

Vng, ti hiu. Ti s sai ngi ph trch n ngay.
Ch :
Khi ngi cp di sai ngi cp trn lm mt vic g , m s lin h ngi trn ngi
di c phn bit r rng th s dng th . Nu hai ngi ngang
- 193 -
nhau hoc s phn nh trn di khng c phn nh r rng th s dng th

.
-V d:

Ti c Gim c mang gip hnh l.

Ti c ngi bn mang gip hnh l.
VI. Th ca V sai khin +

Cho ti ~~~~ c khng?
1.Th + m chng ta hc trong bi 41 c s dng khi mnh
nh ngi no lm mt vic g. Cn yu cu ngi no chp nhn cho hnh ng
ca mnh th s dng th . Hy so snh hai cu di y.
Khi ng t khng phi l ng t sai khin:
-V d:

Xin (anh) lm n sa dm (ti) ch sai ca bc th c khng?
Khi ng t l ng t sai khin:
-V d:
(1)

V b cm, hm nay xin (anh) cho php (ti) ngh 1 ngy c khng?
2.Th ca V sai khin + v th +
-V d:
(2)

V b cm, hm nay ti ngh 1 ngy c c khng?
*** th m chng ta hc bi 15 cng l s biu hin vic xin
php. V d (2) c ngha tng t nh v d (1), nhng (1) l php hn.
*** Tuy nhin s dng th ca ng t sai khin + khng phi
bt c lc no cng l lch s. Nh v d di y, th ny khng c s dng khi hi v
mt hnh ng no c c php hay khng.
-V d:

Ht thuc phng n c c khng?
- 194 -
49
I.
T VNG:
QUI
QU
K

TRIU
THNG

LM
TN TRI
AI, I TT, TN
HI MNH
L QUN
HI TRNG
NH
MU D, DCH
5 2
DNG
QUY, QUI
VIN L
NIN T
XUT

TRUYN

THT L TR

TIU HC
HIU, GIO
GING S
- 195 -
ngi xung
tri qua
gh vo
T .t
Tha .t
T .t
c (knh ng)
T .t
n, ung (knh ng)
Tha .t
ni (knh ng)
lm (knh ng)
xem
bit
cho hi
gt tn thuc
qun tr, nh ngh
hi trng
trm xe but
mu dch, thng
mi
ngi~
trn ng v
him khi
mt cht cng khng
khng ngi
5/2(lp hc 5/2)
vy th
pht (st)
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Tha .t
xin cho gi li hi
thm
xin tht l
trng tiu hc
Himawari
gio s
dt
II.
A
TC PHM
TH, TH
THNG
TH GII CH
TC GIA
TRNG NAM
CHNG HI
TR
TC KHC
HOT NG
NG KINH
I HC

VN HC
THNG
I GIANG
KIN TAM
LANG
KN ca
KN ca
KN ca
nhiu~
tc phm
nhn thng
dt
T .t
tnh ton cu
tc gi
trng nam
tt nguyn
dt
dt
dt
mang, c
bi ht
hot ng
nu vy th
dt
dt
i hc Tokyo
Gii Noben vn hc
tn nh vn
Nhn c s gip ca ngi
khc
Ng
i chi
II
Mc kha
dt
<>: Knh ng
Chng ta s hc cc loi bi 49 v bi 50. l ngn t biu hin s knh trng i vi

ngi nghe hay ngi c cp n. C nhiu hnh thc biu hin knh ng trong ting Nht.
Trn c bn th nhng ting c chn s dng ty thuc vo s lin h trn di. ngi
nh, ngi ngoi. Bi 50, gia ngi ni vi ngi nghe hoc ngi c cp.
III.
Cc loi
c 3 loi chnh l: : tn knh ng, : khim nhng ng v : ting l

php. Chng ta s ch trng hc bi 49 v bi 50.
1. <>: tn knh ng
biu l s knh trng i vi ngi nghe B (hay ngi c cp n C), l
ngn t ca ngi ni A cao hnh vi, trng thi, hay nhng vt s hu ca B hoc C. i
tng c knh trng thng thng l ngi cp trn ca ngi ni hay ngi bn ngoi.
- 196 -
-V d:

Trng phng c i du lch vi nhn vin khng?
2. <>: khim nhng ng
biu l s knh trng i vi ngi nghe B (hay ngi c cp n C), l
ngn t ca ngi ni A t h thp hay khim nhng v hnh ng ca mnh. i tng
c knh trng l nhng ngi nh trong .
-V d:

Ti mang cp cho ng.
3. <>: ting l php

l ngn t biu l s l php trc tip i vi ngi nghe. hay cui
cu th hin lch s cng c lit vo .
-V d:

Hm nay l thc ba.

ng ka c ngn hng.
5
5
Ch bn cp tng 5.
<> : ru
<> : tri tt
: mn n sushi
IV.
-V d:
(1)

Trng phng i v ri phi khng?
(1)

ng trng phng v ri ?
C hai v d (1) v (2) u s dng biu l s knh trng i vi ng trng
phng, nhung cui cu (1) l th l php cn cui cu (8) l th thng thng. iu ny ty thuc
vo s lin h gia ngi ni v ngi nghe, c ngha l by t s knh trng i vi ngi
lm hnh ng, cn by t s knh trng i vi ngi nghe.
- 197 -
V.
ca ng t
Mt s ca ng t c cu thnh theo quy tc, nhng cng c mt s bt quy tc.

1.~()
(vit)
(chi)
(sa)
(c)
(chi i)
(quo)
(vi vng)
(n)
(ng)
(thc dy)
(lm)
(n)
(hc)
Th ny c s dng vi hu ht cc ng t din t hnh ng ca con ngi, nhng n

khng c s dng vi cc ng t nh hay vi cc
ng t kh nng.
Th ny ging nh th th ng t (). Ngoi ra, cng ging nh ng t kh nng ca
cc ng t thuc nhm II v ng t nhm ca nhm III. Th ny s tr thnh l
th tn knh, th th ng hay th kh nng ty thuc vo mch vn.
-V d:
(tn knh)

ng xem tin tc sng hm nay cha?
(th ng)

Tm hnh ca ngi yu ti b ngi bn trong thy.
(kh nng)
Nu i Shinjuku, th c th xem c phim ny.
2. th
-V d:

Trng ban v ri phi khng?

- 198 -
Th ny c xem l lch s hn th trong phn 1 trn, nhng th ny khng th s dng

vi cc ng t nhm III v nhng ng t ch c mt m th nh
. Chng hn nh khng th ni . Cc ng t s dng ng t
c bit nh chng ta thy phn 3 pha di, hoc s dng th trong phn 1 trn.
3.Tn knh ng c bit
4.Biu hin mt s knh cn yu cu

Nu s dng phn 2 v phn 3 biu hin mt s yu cu th chng ln lt s
tr thnh:
-V d:
(1)

Xin hy ung nhiu thm i.
(2)
Xin hy dng nhiu thm i.
phn 1 thng thng khng c s dng biu hin mt s yu cu.
Trong v d (1) c th gin lc ch , v ch cn ni
. Th vn th (b ) cng thng c s dng biu
hin mt s knh cn yu cu.
-V d:

Xin vui lng i hnh lang.

Xin mi vo.
- 199 -
VI.
ca danh t v tnh t
Ngoi cc ng t, nhiu danh t v tnh t c th i thnh bng cch thm hay

u. Tuy nhin, thm hay ty thuc vo ch . Mt cch tng qut th thm khi ch
l gc Nht , c thm khi ch l gc ch Hn, .
1.Nhng ch thm :
(danh t)
(tnh t)
(tnh t )
-V d:

Xin cho bit li qu danh.
2.Nhng t thm
(danh t)
-V d:

Ngnh chuyn mn ca anh l g?
VII. Thng nht cp trong cu vn:

nh c trnh by trn, khi biu hin s knh trng th khng phi ch thay i mt s
ch trong cu vn m ton th cu vn phi thng nht tiu chun .
-V d:

Tt c mi ngi trong gia nh anh khe ch?
- 200 -
50
I.
T VNG:
NH, INH
THN
TR
BI KIN
TN
T, T
MC
TRCH
CNG HI
TI LAI CHU
TI LAI
NGUYT
TI LAI NIN
BN NIN
TI S
TI HU
KIM
GIANG H
NG KINH
BC VT
QUN
KHN TRNG

PHNG TNG
TOT

TH
THNG KIM
T NHIN
- 201 -
khim nhng ng
ca iru
nhn
ni
lm
xem
bit
hi thm
gp
T .t
Tha .t
T .t
Tha .t
T .t
T .t
Tha .t
K N ng
ti
hng dn vin
nh
ngai
tp nh, album
tun sau na
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
thng ti na
dt
nm ti na
na nm
trc ht
sau cng
by gi, va mi
dt
dt
Vin bo tng Edo

Tokyo
cng thng, hi hp
pht thanh, pht hnh
thu (bng)
Tha .t
tin thng
t nhin
dt
dt

TNG
KHONH
CP
II.
hu cao c
voi
khong
c m c thc
hin
dt
dt
T .t
MNG

HIP LC hip lc, hp tc
NHT NGN
xin cho toi ni vi li
TM
CM T
t tm lng
cm t
: Khim nhng ng
1.Bi ny chng ta hc v . ngha ca c trnh by bi s 49, phn
2 ca cun sch ny.
2. ngi nh v ngi ngoi
Ngi Nht khi trnh by vi ngi ngoi v chuyn ca mnh hay chuyn ca gia nh mnh
th s dng . Cch suy ngh ny suy rng ra th nhng ngi cng on th vi mnh,
bn b trong nhm ca mnh, nhng ngi cng cng ty, t chc vi mnh, .v.v... cng c
xem nh l ngi nh. Nhng ngi khng thuc cc nhm trn gi l
ngi ngoi. Trong vic ng p cn phi phn bit nh th.
-V d:
Trn in thoi. Ngi A: bn ca m, B: ngi con
A:
C m nh khng?
B:
D, m (con) i ra ngoi mt cht ri.
Trn in thoi. A: nhn vin cng ty A, B: nhn vin cng ty B l thuc cp ca ng Kato.
A:

C ng Kato y khng ?
B:

D Koto hm nay ang ln trn vn phng chnh.
3.Cch gi ngi trong gia nh v ngi ngoi.
Cch gi ngi trong gia nh v ngi ngoi khc nhau bng v . Hy ch
ng lm lm.
- 202 -
III.
/
1. + th +
(1)

Ti s xch hnh l ca ng Gim c.
(2)

Bn rn nh, ti s gip cho c khng?
Th ny c s dng ch gii hn trong cc ng t nhm II. Phn gch di cu v d (1) v
v d (2) u l nhng cch biu hin lin quan n vic ngi ni t h mnh, khim nhng
v hnh ng gip ca mnh i vi ngi nghe hoc ngi c cp n. Ngi ni
cng dng khi cn h mnh v mt hnh ng gip no ca
ngi nh khng phi chnh mnh i vi ngi bn ngoi.
-V d:

Chng ti s a anh i bng xe hi.
Th vn ny c s dng ch s knh trng i vi ngi nhn s gip . Xin ch rng
th ny khng c s dng khi khng c s hin hu ca i tng nhn hnh ng gip
.
-V d:
()

ny khng c s dng vi cc ng t ch c mt m th nh
2.
-V d:
(1)
- 203 -
Nu thy gio i Thi Lan, ti s hng dn i nhiu ni.

(2)
By gi ti xin gii thch cch s dng ci my ny.

i vi cc ng t nhm III, nh v d (1) v (2) th thm u. V ch gii hn trong
cc ng t thuc nhm III th ny. Ngoi cc ng t nu trong cc v d trn, ch cn
cc ng t lin quan n i tng nh
.v.v... mi c s dng.
3.
Ngoi v ra cn c v
cng l nhng th thng c s dng. Nhng s biu hin ny li cn khim nhng
hn na.
-V d:
Ti xin c xch hnh l ca ng Gim c.
IV.
c bit:
Nhiu ng t c c bit. Di y l bn lit k cc c bit.
Cc ni trn c s dng biu hin s knh trng i vi ngi nghe bng s trnh by
mt cch khim nhng v hnh ng ca chnh ngi ni hay ca pha ngi ni.
-V d:
A:

Ngy mai ng c nh khng?
- 204 -
B:
Vng, c .
V.
l nhng s biu hin lch s hn v
-V d:
ng c kin g khng?
Quy hng dn ng kia
- 205 -

GiaoTrinh Minnanonihongo

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GiaoTrinh Minnanonihongo

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

-1-

T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 15 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 16 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 19 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 20 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 23 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 24 -

T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 26 NG PHP ....................................................................................................................................... - 27 -

T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 31 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 32 -

T VNG ......................................................................................................................................... - 34 NG PHP ....................................................................................................................................... - 35 -

T VNG: ....................................................................................................................................... - 38 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 40 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 45 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 46 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 50 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 51 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 55 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 57 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 59 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 60 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 70 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 71 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 73 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 75 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 79 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 80 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 82 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 83 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 85 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 86 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 90 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 91 -

T VNG:........................................................................................................................................ - 99 NG PHP: ..................................................................................................................................... - 99 -

T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 102 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 102 -

T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 115 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 116 -

T VNG:...................................................................................................................................... - 148 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 149 -

III. NG PHP: .......................................................................................................... - 150 IV.

NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 150 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 151 -

T VNG ..................................................................................................................................... - 183 NG PHP: ................................................................................................................................... - 184 -

Chng ti, Chng ta.

Bn, anh, ch.

<watashi wa MAIKU MIRA- desu>

* Cch dng tng t nh cu trc khng nh.

<iie, watashi wa daigakusei ja arimasen. (Watashi wa) Kaishain desu.>

(B Teresa bao nhiu tui?)

(Anh Yamada 45 tui)

T nay mong c Ngi qip

y l cht lng thnh ca ti

Kyou wa nanyoubi desuka.

Kyou wa kayoubi desu.

KURISUMASU wa nanyoubi desuka.

KURISUMASU wa suiyoubi desu.

Tanjoubi wa nannichi desuka?

Tanyoubi wa 17(jyuu nana) nichi desu.

Kore wa nanno hon desuka?

Sore wa Kanjino hon desu.

Sono zasshi wa nanno zasshi desuka?

kono zasshi wa KOMPU-TA- no zasshi desu.

Yn(n v tin t ca Nht Bn)

Vy th, xin a cho

Xin cho ti xem~

Koko wa uketsuke desu. (y l bn tip tn)

<_____ wa soko desu>

Satou san wa soko desu. < anh Satou >

Shokudou wa asoko desu. < Nh n kia>

koko wa doko desuka? (y l u?)

ROBI- wa doko desuka? (i snh u?)

SANTOSU san wa doko desuka? ( Anh SANTOSE u?)

SANTOSUSAN wa kaigi jitsu desu. ( Anh SANTOSE phng hp)

Kaigi jitsu wa achira desu. (phng hp ng kia )

Kochira wa Take Yama sama desu. (y l ngi Take Yama)

ROBI- wa dochira desuka? ( i snh hng no ?)

Take Yama sama wa dochira desuka?(ngi Take Yama l v no ?)

______ <_____ wa doko no desuka?>

kono tokei wa doko no desuka? (ci ng h ny l ca nc no?)

sore wa SUISU no (tokei) desu. ( l ng h Thu S)

_____ < _____ wa nanai desuka?>

__ <_ wa doko no desuka?>

_ < _ wa nanai desuka?>

_ [/color] ( _ wa ikura desuka?)