Bi tp vt l lp 9

Bi 1
Mt m un nc bng in c 3 dy l xo, mi ci c in tr R=120 , c mc
song song vi nhau. m c mc ni tip vi in tr r=50 v c mc vo ngun
in. Hi thi gian cn thit un m ng y nc n khi si s thay i nh th no
khi mt trong ba l xo b t?
Bi1:
*Lc 3 l xo mc song song:
in tr tng ng ca m:
R1 =

R
= 40 ()
3

Dng in chy trong mch:I1 =

U
R1 + r

Thi gian t1 cn thit un m nc n khi si:

Q = R1.I2.t1

t1 =

Q
=
R1I 2

Q
U

R1
R1 + r

hay t1 =

Q( R1 + r ) 2
(1)
U 2 R1

*Lc 2 l xo mc song song: (Tng t trn ta c )

R
= 60 ()
2
U
I2 =
R2 + r

R2 =

Q( R2 + r ) 2
t2 =
(2)
U 2 + R2
t1
t1 R2 ( R1 + r ) 2 60(40 + 50) 2 243
=
=
=
1 *Vy t1
Lp t s
ta c:
t2
t 2 R1 ( R2 + r ) 2 40(60 + 50) 2 242

t2

Bi 2 trang tr cho mt quy hng, ngi ta dng cc bng n 6V-9W mc ni tip vo

mch in c hiu in th U=240V chng sng bnh thng. Nu c mt bng b chy, ngi
ta ni tt on mch c bng li th cng sut tiu th ca mi bng tng hay gim i bao
nhiu phn trm?

Bi2:

U d2
= 4()
in tr ca mi bng: R=
Pd

S bng n cn dng chng sng bnh thng: n=

U
= 40 (bng)
Ud

Nu c mt bng b chy th in tr tng cng ca cc bng cn li l:

R = 39R = 156 ( )
Dng in qua mi n by gi:
I=

U
240
=
= 1,54 ( A)
R
156

Cng sut tiu th mi bng by gi l:

P = I2.R = 9,49 (W)
Cng sut mi bng tng ln so vi trc:
Pm - P = 9,49 - 9 = 0,49 (W)
Ngha l tng ln so vi trcl:
0,49.100
.% 5,4%
9

Bi 3:(2,5im)
Cho mch in nh hnh v
RV
U1=180V ; R1=2000 ; R2=3000 .
V
a) Khi mc vn k c in tr Rv song
song vi R1, vn k ch U1 = 60V.Hy xc
R1
nh cng dng in qua cc in tr R1
A
v R2 .
b)Nu mc vn k song song vi in tr R2,von ke chi bao nhieu?

R2

+ U

Bi 4: (2,5im)
Dng ngun in c hiu in th khng
i U0 = 32V thp sng mt b bng n cng
loi (2,5V-1,25W).Dy ni trong b n c in
tr khng ng k. Dy ni t b bng n n
ngun in c in tr l R=1
a) Tm cng sut ti a m b bng c
th tiu th.
b) Tm cch ghp bng chng sng
bnh thng.
Bi 4:
a)Gi I l dng in qua R, cng sut ca b n l :
P = U.I RI2 = 32.I I2 hay : I2 32I + P = 0
2

Hm s trn c cc i khi P = 256W

Vy cng sut ln nht ca b n l Pmax = 256W
b)Gi m l s dy n, n l s n trong mt dy:
*Gii theo cng sut :
Khi cc n sng bnh thng : I d = 0,5( A) v I = m . I d = 0,5m
T : U0 . I = RI2 + 1,25m.n Hay 32. 0,5m = 1 (0,5)2 = 1,25m.n
64 = m + 5n ; m, n nguyn dng (1)
Gii phng trnh (1) ta c 12 nghim sau :
n
m

10

11

12

59
54
49
44
39
34
29
24
*Gii theo phng trnh th :U0 =UAB + IR
vi : UAB = 2,5n ; IR = 0,5m.1 = 0,5m
Ta c phng trnh (1) bit 64 = 5n + m
*Gii theo phng trnh dng in :
nR
5n
RAB = d =
V I = m. I d = 0,5m
m
m
U0
32
32 m
=
=
5
n
Mt khc : I = R + R AB
m + 5n
1+
m

19

14

Hay

: 0,5m =

32 m
m + 5n

64 = 5n + m

Cu5:
Cho 2 bng n 1 (12V - 9W) v 2 (6V - 3W).
a. C th mc ni tip 2 bng n ny vo hiu in th U = 18V chng sng bnh
thng c khng? V sao?
- U +
b. Mc 2 bng n ny cng vi 1 bin tr
o
o
c con chy vo hiu in th c (U = 18V)
nh hnh v th phi iu chnh bin tr c
in tr l bao nhiu 2 n sng bnh thng?
2
c. By gi tho bin tr ra v thay vo
1
l 1 in tr R sao cho cng sut tiu th trn
n 1 gp 3 ln cng sut tiu th trn n 2.
Tnh R? (Bit hiu in th ngun vn khng i)
Cu 5: (3,0 im)
a. Cng dng in nh mc qua mi n:
Rb
Pm1 = Um1.Im1
Pdm 1
9
=> Im1 =
=
= 0,75(A)
U dm 1
12
Pdm 2
3
Im2 =
=
= 0,5(A)
U dm 2
6
Ta thy Im1 Im2 nn khng th mc ni tip
3

 2 n sng bnh thng.

b. 2 n sng bnh thng th:
U1 = Um1 = 12V; I1 = Im1 = 0,75A
v U2 = Um2 = 6V; I2 = Im2 = 0,5A
Do n 2 // Rb => U2 = Ub = 6V
Cng dng in qua bin tr:
I1 = I2 + Ib => Ib = I1 I2 = 0,75 0,5 = 0,25(A).
Ub
6
Gi tr in tr ca bin tr lc bng: Rb =
= 0,25 = 24 ( )
Ib
c. Theo ra ta c: P1 = 3P2 I12.R1 = 3I22.R2
I
1
I2

U dm 2 .Pdm1
3R2
I1

9
3
6 2 .9
=
= 3. 2
= 3. 2
=
=>
=
2I1 = 3I2 (1)
R1
I2
4
2
12 .3

U dm1 .Pdm 2
2

M I1 = I2 + IR nn (1) 2(I2 + IR) = 3I2 2I2 + 2IR = 3I2 => I2 = 2IR (2)
Do n 2 // R nn U2 = UR I2.R2 = IR.R
U 2 dm 2
62
Thay (2) vo ta c 2.IR.R2 = IR.R => R = 2R2 = 2.
= 2.
= 24 ( )
3
Pdm 2
Cu 6: Hai in tr R1 v R2 c mc vo mt hiu in th khng i bng cch ghp
song song vi nhau hoc ghp ni tip vi nhau. Gi Pss l cng sut tiu th ca on mch
Pss
4.
khi ghp song song, Pnt l cng sut tiu th khi ghp ni tip. Chng minh :
Pnt
Cho bit: R1 + R2 2 R1 .R2
Cu 6: (2,0 im)
U2
P =
R1 R2 .
- Cng sut tiu th ca on mch khi hai in tr mc song song: ss
R1 + R2
- Cng sut tiu th ca on mch khi hai in tr mc ni tip: Pnt =

U2
.
R1 + R2

Pss ( R1 + R2 )2
=
- Lp t s:
;
Pnt
R1 R2
- Do : R1 + R2 2 R1 R2 => (R1 + R2)2 4 ( R1 .R2 )2 , nn ta c:
2
Pss 4( R1 R2 )

Pnt
R1 R2

Pss
4
Pnt

Bi 7 : Vt AB t cch thu knh hi t mt on 30cm.nh A1B1 l nh tht.Di vt n

v tr khc,nh ca vt l nh o cch thu knh 20cm.Hai nh c cng ln. Tnh tiu c
ca thu knh.
4

Bi 7 :

2 im
B2
B'

B
A

A2 ,
F

I
A1

F
O

B1
* Vt v tr 1 : v nh A1B1 ca vt l nh tht ,chng t vt AB s c t ngoi khong tiu
c .
t : OA=d1=30cm (khong cch t vt v tr (1) n thu knh)
OA1=d1

(khong cch nh ca vt v tr (1) n thu knh)

OF=OF = f

(tiu c)

Ta c : OAB OA1B1
FOI FA1B1

A1B1 OA1 d1'

=
=
AB
OA
d1

nn:

(1)

A1B1 F ' A1 OA1 F 'O d1' f

= ' =
=
OI
FO
F 'O
f

nn:

d '1 d1' f
=
d1
f

M OI = AB ,do t (1) & (2) ta c:

(2)

f =

d1.d1'
d1 + d1'

(a)

* Vt di n v tr 2 : v nh cho l nh o nn vt phi c di n gn thu knh v nm

trong khong tiu c f. Gi s vt di i 1 on AA = a
t : OA = d2 = 30-a

(khong cch vt t v tr 2 n thu knh)

OA2= d2 = 20cm (khong cch nh ca vt v tr 2 n thu knh)

Ta c : OAB OA2B2
FOI FA2B2

nn:
nn:

A2 B2 OA2 d 2'
=
=
A' B '
OA ' d 2
A2 B2
F'A
OA2 + F 'O d 2' + f
= ' 2 =
=
OI
FO
F 'O
f

M OI = AB ,do t (3) & (4) ta c:

d ' 2 d 2' + f
=
d2
f

(3)
(4)

d 2 .d 2'
f = '
d2 d2

(b)

V tiu c ca thu knh khng thay i nn t biu thc (a) ,(b)

Ta c :

d1.d1'
d 2 .d 2'
=
d1 + d1'
d 2' d 2

(5)
A1 B1
AB
= 2 2
AB
A' B '

Mt khc do 2 nh c ln nh nhau ,nn :

T (1) ,(2) c :

d1'
d'
= 2
d1 d 2

'
d1 = d1.

d 2'
20
600
= 30.
=
cm
d2
30 a 30 a

Thay cc gi tr d1 , d1 ,d2 , d2 vo biu thc (5) v bin i ta c phng trnh :

a2 110a + 1800 = 0
= (-110)2 4.1800 = 4900= 702

a1,2 =

( 1 1 )0 7 02 a1 = 9 0c m
=
a2 = 2 0c m
2

v a = AA = 90 cm > OA =d1 = 30 cm

(loi nghim a = 90cm)

Vy vt di i mt on a =20cm vo trong khong tiu c ca thu knh.

OA = d2 = 30 a = 30 20 = 10 cm
Thay d2 = 10 cm , d2 = 20 cm vo biu thc (b)

d 2 .d 2'
10 .20
= 20 cm
f = '
=
20 10
d2 d2
Cu 8:
Cho mch in nh hnh v:
U = 12V; R1 = 6 ; R2 = 6 ; R3 = 12 ; R4 = 6
a. Tnh cng dng in qua mi in tr
v hiu in th gia hai u mi in tr.
b. Ni M v N bng mt vn k (c in tr
rt ln) th vn k ch bao nhiu? Cc dng ca
vn k phi c mc vi im no?
c. Ni M v N bng mt ampe k (c in tr
khng ng k) th ampe k ch bao nhiu?
Cu8:
6

R1

R3

B
R2

R4

a. Tnh c: I1 = I3 =

2
A; I2 = I4 = 1A; U1 = 4V; U3 = 8V; U2 = U4 = 6V
3

b. UAM = UAN + UNM => UNM = UAM UAN = 4 6 = -2V hay UMN = 2V
Vy vn k ch 2V v cc dng ca vn k c mc vo im M.
c. Lp lun v tnh c: I1 = 0,85V; I3 = 0,58A
Do I1>I3 nn dng I1 n M mt phn r qua ampe k (dng Ia) mt phn qua R3 (dng I3), ta
c Ia = I1 I3 = 0,85 0,58 = 0,27A
Vy ampe k ch 0,27A.

G1

Cu 9:
(1,5 im). Cho hai gng phng G1 v G2
vung gc vi nhau. t mt im sng S v
im sng M trc hai gng sao cho SM
song song vi gng G2 (hnh v bn).

G2

a) Hy v ng i ca tia sng t S ti gng G1 phn x ti gng G2 ri qua M. Gii

thch cch v.
b) Nu S v hai gng c v tr c nh th im M phi c v tr th no c
th v c tia sng nh cu a.
Cu 9:
G1
S1
S
M
x
I
O

G2
M

S2

a)
V hnh ng :
V S1 l nh ca S qua G1; y S1 l im i xng ca S qua mt phng gng G1.
V S2 l nh ca S1 to bi G2 ; S2 l im i xng ca S1 qua mt gng G2.
V G1 vung gc vi G2 nn S2 l im xuyn tm ca S qua O

Nhn xt: Gi s ta v c tia sng theo yu cu ca bi ton l SIKM xut pht t S, phn x trn
G1 ti I n K, tia phn x IK ti I trn G1 coi nh xut pht t nh S1. Tia phn x KM ti K trn G2
c coi nh xut pht t nh S2 .
T nhn xt trn ta suy ra cch v ng truyn tia sng nh sau:
- Ly S1 i xng vi S qua mt G1;
- Ly M i xng vi M qua mt gng G2;
- Ly S2 i xng vi S1 qua mt gng G2;
- Ni MS2 ct G2 ti K;
- Ni S1 vi K ct G1 ti I;
- Ni SIKM ta c ng i ca tia sng cn tm
b)
v c tia sng nh cu a th S2M phi ct G2 ti K. Mun vy M phi nm trn on Sx.
Bi 10
Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit UAB = 10V;
R1 = 2

; Ra = 0 ; RV v cng ln ; RMN = 6 .

Con chy t v tr no th ampe k ch 1A. Lc ny

R1 A
A
+

V
N

B
-

vn k ch bao nhiu?

Bi 10
*V in tr ca ampe k Ra = 0 nn:
UAC = UAD = U1 = I1R1. = 2.1 = 2 ( V ) ( Ampe k ch dng qua R1
phn MD l x th:

2
2
I x = ;I DN = I 1 + I x = 1+
x
x
2
U DN = 1+ ( 6 x)
x
2
U AB = U AD + U DN = 2 + 1+ ( 6 x) = 10
x

(0,5)*Gi in tr

*Gii ra c x = 2 . Con chy phi t v tr chia MN thnh hai phn MD c gi tr

2 v DN c gi tr 4 . Lc ny vn k ch 8 vn ( Vn k o UDN.

Cu11: (2 im) Hai in tr R= 4 v r mc ni tip vo hai u hiu in th U=24V. Khi

thay i gi tr ca r th cng sut ta nhit trn r thay i v t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi
tr cc i .
Bai11:Gi I cng dng in qua mch.
Hiu in th hai u r:
Ur = U RI = 24 4I
Cng sut tiu th trn r:
P = Ur.I = (24 4I) I
4I2 24I + P = 0 (1)
= 242 4P
V phng trnh (1) lun c nghim s nn 0
=> 242 4P 0
=> P 36
=> Pmax = 36W

Cu12: (2,5 im) Cho mch in nh hnh v:

U
R0
C

Rb

Trong R0 l in tr ton phn ca bin tr, Rb l in tr ca bp in. Cho R0 = Rb ,

in tr ca dy ni khng ng k, hiu in th U ca ngun khng i. Con chy C nm
chnh gia bin tr.Tnh hiu sut ca mch in. Coi hiu sut tiu th trn bp l c
ch.
Bai12:in tr RCB = ( R0.R0/2 )/ (R0 + R0/2) = R0/3
Cng dng in chy trong mch chnh: I= U/(R0/2 +R0/3) = 6U/ 5R0
Cng sut tiu th ca bp l : P= U2CB/ R0 = 4U2/25R0
Hiu sut ca mch in l : H = P/UI = ( 4U2 /25R0) : (U.6U/ 5R0) = 2/15Vy H = 13,3 %