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Nhng Li Dy Ca c Pht V Ha Bnh v Gi Tr Con Ngi

HT. Minh Chu Ngun http://www.quangduc.com Chuyn sang ebook 27-8-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
LI GII THIU LI NI U CHNG MT - TRCH DCH NHNG LI DY CA C PHT V HA BNH CHNG HAI - TRCH DCH V LI DY CA C PHT PHM 1 : U TRANH V HA HP PHM 2 : SN HN V NHU HA PHM 3 : LM HI V KHNG LM HI PHM 4 : HN TH V THN HU PHM 5 : ST SANH V TN TRNG S SNG CHNG BA - TRCH DCH V TNG GI CHNG BN - LI DY V CC HNG NGI THIN V CHIN TRANH V HNG NGI THIN V HA BNH PHM 1: NGI C V NGI THIN. PHM 2: NGI NGU V BC TR. PHM 3: NGI PHNG DT V BC T IU.

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LI GII THIU
Quyn sch nh ny nhm gii thiu "Nhng li c Pht dy v Ha bnh v gi tr con ngi" c trch dch t mt s kinh quan trng trong kinh tng Pli, bng ba th ting: Pli, Anh vn v Vit vn. Nhng trch dch ny khng lm sao y c, nhng chng c la chn thn trng

c th gii thiu mt cch trung thnh v chn thc nhng li dy cao qy ca Ngi v nhng ti ny. c Pht khng bao gi xem Ha bnh nh l mt qu tng t u n. Quan im ca Ngi, Ha bnh l kt qu ca mt ch quyt lit, mt cuc tranh u kin cng, mt vn t gio dc v t hun luyn, dn chng c th yu qu Ha bnh nh l mt vt bu cn phi thc hin ngay t by gi, trn qu t ny. Nh vy tp sch nh ny phc v mc ch chung bng cch trch dch nhng li Pht dy v Ha bnh v gi tr con ngi. Hin nay, vi mi pht minh cc k thut mi git ngi hng lot, vi s e da mi ca bom nguyn t v bom khinh kh, c kh nng tiu dit hon cu, Ha bnh tr thnh ngun cu tinh duy nht cho nhn loi. Do vy nhng li dy ca c Pht, v c tn xng l s gi ca Ha bnh cn phi n li, cn phi suy tm suy t, cn phi em ra p dng v tr thnh mt np sng cho ton th loi Ngi. Vy, chng ti c vi li xin gii thiu vi ton th Pht t, vi nhng ai c quan tm n vn Ha bnh. Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 06 nm 1995 T-kheo THCH MINH CHAU Vin trng Vin Nghin cu Pht hc Vit Nam -ooOoo-

LI NI U
Tp sch ny nhm trnh by mt s li dy ca c Pht v Ha bnh v gi tr con ngi c chia thnh 4 chng. Chng I cha ng nhng tinh hoa qua cc bui thuyt php ca Ngi, mc ch ca Ngi khi hong dng Chnh php, thi ca Ngi i vi cc tn gio khc, cc gio l i nghch v lng t bi thng tng ca Ngi i vi chng sanh, i vi Th gii. Chng II cp n Chnh php, nhng li dy ca Ngi v 5 vn cn bn quan trng: 1. u tranh v ha hp. 2. Sn hn v nhu ha. 3. Lm hi v khng lm hi. 4. Hn th v thn hu. 5. St sanh v knh trng s sng.

Chng III cp n Gio hi cc T-kheo, cc T-kheo-ni (Sangha), s ch tm ca Ngi xy dng nhng gii lut cn bn thc hin mt s ha hp nht tr hon ton gia cc v ng Phm hnh, nhng li khuyn cc t xut gia ca Ngi cn chung sng vi nhau trong nim ng tm nht tr hon ton v nhng li khin trch ca Ngi khi cc v T-kheo khng sng ng nh li Pht dy. Chng IV gii thiu hai hng ngi. Hng ngi a thch gy hn, xung t, chin tranh v hng ngi thin v mt i sng ha hp nht tr v Ha bnh. Hng ngi u l hng ngi lm iu c, hng ngi ngu si, m n v hng ngi phng dt, sng i sng ngang tng phng tng. Hng th hai l hng lm cc hnh lnh v thn, v li, v , nhng bc Thin tr, nhng bc Hin Thnh, nhng bc Bit t iu. lm ni bt s mu thun, mi hng ngi vi hng i nghch c cp song song bn nhau. Nh vy, Phm mt ni n hng ngi lm iu c v hng ngi lm iu lnh. Phm hai gii thiu hng ngi ngu v bc c tr. Phm ba i mt gia k phng dt v nhng ngi bit t iu phc mnh. Li na, trong mi chng, mi phm, trc ht l nhng li gii thiu tng qut ca v bin tp cho tng chng, tng phm, ri n nhng li trch dch bng ba th ting: Ting Pli dnh cho nhng v ch tm n c ng Pli v nguyn bn, ting Anh dnh cho c gi bit ting Anh v ting Vit dnh cho c gi ngi Vit. Nh c cp trc, cc trch dch khng c th xem l y chu ton, v nhiu li dy c gi tr c th b b qun. Nhng ngi bin tp ch c hy vng mong rng: Tp sch ny l mt s cng hin khim tn cho nhng li dy ca c Pht v Ha bnh v l mt ng gp nh b vo s nghip hong dng chnh php trn c th gip chng ta ngy nay. Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 06 nm 1995 T-kheo THCH MINH CHAU Vin trng Vin Nghin cu Pht hc Vit Nam

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CHNG MT - TRCH DCH NHNG LI DY CA C PHT V HA BNH


Tng kt 45 nm thuyt php ca Ngi, c Pht tuyn b r rng l Ngi ch dy hai vn : Kh v dit kh, ngoi ra khng dy g na. Chin tranh em n au kh. Ha bnh ngha l chm dt kh au. Do vy Ngi c tn xng l "v S gi ha bnh". Ngi khuyn khch cc t ca Ngi du hnh thuyt php v gii thch i sng Phm hnh, v hnh phc v an lc ca qun sanh, v lng thng tng cho i, v li ch, v hnh phc ca ch Thin v loi Ngi. c Pht nu rt r rng mc ch thuyt php ca Ngi l khng tranh lun vi cc nh lnh o tn gio khc v khng cnh tranh vi cc l thuyt i nghch. Khng c s tranh chp trong s thuyt php ca Ngi. Ngi ch trnh by con ng dn n gic ng, v gii thot mi kh au. c Pht lun lun trn y lng t bi i vi tt c loi hu tnh. Cho n khi nm ngh, Ngi cng "Tm t, thng chng sanh" v Ngi c thuyt php cng ch v tnh thng ca Ngi i vi mi loi. *** "Ny cc T-kheo, xa cng nh nay, Ta ch ni ln s kh v dit kh". (Trung B I. 140) "Ny cc T-kheo, hy du hnh, v hnh phc cho qun chng, v an lc cho qun chng, v lng thng tng cho i, v li ch, v hnh phc, v an lc, cho ch Thin v loi Ngi. Ch c i hai ngi mt ch. Ny cc Tkheo, hy thuyt php, s thin, trung thin, hu thin, c ngha, c vn. Hy tuyn thuyt Phm hnh hon ton vin mn, thanh tnh". (Tng ng I. 128) "Ny cc T-kheo, Ta khng tranh chp vi i. Ch c i tranh chp vi Ta. Ny cc T-kheo, ngi ni php khng tranh chp vi mt ai i". (Tng ng III. 165)

"Bch Th Tn, con nghe nh sau: "Cao thng thay, an tr lng t". "Bch Th Tn, Th Tn din kin thn chng cho con im ny. Bch Th Tn, Th Tn an tr lng t" - "Ny Jvaka, ci gi l tham, l sn, l si do sn hn khi ln, tham y, sn y, si y c Nh Lai on tr, cht cho n tn gc, lm cho nh thn cy ta- la, khin khng th ti sanh, khng th sanh khi trong tng lai. Ny Jvaka, nu nh vy l ngha ng mun ni, thi Ta ng vi ng". - "Bch Th Tn, nh vy tht l ngha con mun ni". (Trung B II. 370A-370B) "Khi thc khng lo u, Khi ng chng s hi Ngy m khng khi ln, Phin no bn lng Ta. Ta khng thy tai hi, Mt ch no trn i. Do vy, Ta nm ngh, Tm t, thng chng sanh". (Tng ng I. 136) "Ny Sriputta, nhng ai ni mt cch chn chnh s ni nh sau: "Mt v hu tnh khng b si chi phi, sanh ra i v hnh phc cho s ng, v an lc cho s ng, v lng thng tng cho i, v li ch, v hnh phc, v an lc cho ch Thin v loi Ngi". V y s ni v Ta mt cch chn chnh nh sau: "Mt v hu tnh khng b si chi phi, sanh ra i, v hnh phc cho s ng, v an lc cho s ng, v lng thng tng cho i, v hnh phc, v an lc cho ch Thin v loi Ngi". (Trung B I. 83) "Ngi hiu bit tt c, Ngi trnh by Chnh php. V lng thng, t mn, i vi mi chng sanh. Ngi vn m bc mn, Bc c mt mi ni. Khng cu u, thanh tnh. Ngi chi ton th gii". (Kinh tp. K 378) ---o0o---

CHNG HAI - TRCH DCH V LI DY CA C PHT


PHM 1 : U TRANH V HA HP Th Tn ch cho chng ta r cc dc l ngun gc ca u tranh, khng tranh, xung t v chin tranh. "Mt nguyn nhn na ca u tranh v xung t l s so snh gia mnh v ngi, xem cc ngi khc l bng mnh, hay hn mnh hay thua mnh". Mt phng php lm lng du cc tranh lun l s thc, chnh ti y, "trong tranh lun ny, chng ta u tn hi". C mt trng hp ny tht l b bng, nh c Pht nu r, l mt ngi n ph bng ngi khng c ph bng, nhic mng ngi khng c nhic mng, gy s vi ngi khng c gy s. Tt c s ph bng, nhic mng y t nhin tr lui li cho ngi nhic mng. Cng nh n c a mi m ngi c mi khng chp nhn, thi mn n s tr li vi ngi ch ca n. Thi c Pht i vi tranh lun rt r rng. Ngi khng c tranh lun vi ai i. Ngi thuyt php ch vi mc ch nu ln con ng chm dt kh au. Ngi khng bao gi t cho ch c Php ca Ngi l s tht, ngoi ra u l h vng. Ngi gii thch Php ca Ngi r rng cho mi ngi n xem thy v t mnh ph phn. Phng php hay nht trnh xa cc tranh lun v xung t, c Pht khuyn chng ta, l ng c khi ln cc h lun, vng tng, cc t kin. V trong trng hp chng c khi ln, thi thi tt nht l ch hoan h, n mng v chp th chng. Thi ny s chm dt u tranh, xung t, chin tranh v cc php bt thin. Chin tranh no cng em n au kh v lng v bin. Chin thng sanh th on, bi trn nm kh au. Cho nn phng php hay nht l ng dng chin tranh gii quyt cc xung t, nhng phi tm mi phng tin ha bnh chm dt cc bt ng kin v cc xung t. Do vy cc bc Thnh t b gia nh, s khng to nn cc tri buc mi. Cc v ny chm dt mi tranh lun, bt c vi mt ai.

*** "Li na, ny cc T-kheo, do dc lm nhn, do dc lm duyn, do dc lm nguyn nhn, do chnh dc lm nhn, vua tranh ot vi vua, St--l tranh ot vi St--l, B-la-mn tranh ot vi B-la-mn, gia ch tranh ot vi gia ch; m tranh ot vi con, con tranh ot vi m; cha tranh ot vi con, con tranh ot vi cha; anh em tranh ot vi anh em; anh tranh ot vi ch; ch tranh ot vi anh; bn b tranh ot vi bn b. Khi chng dn mnh vo tranh chp, tranh lun, tranh ot, chng tn cng nhau bng tay, chng tn cng nhau bng gch , chng tn cng nhau bng gy gc, chng tn cng nhau bng ao kim. y, chng i n t vong, i n au kh gn nh t vong". (Trung B I. 87) "Li na, ny cc T-kheo, do dc lm nhn, do dc lm duyn, do dc lm nguyn nhn, do chnh dc lm nhn, chng cm mu v thun, chng eo cung v tn, chng dn trn hai mt v tn c nhm bn nhau, ao c qung nm nhau, kim c vung chm nhau. Chng bn, m nhau bng tn, chng qung, m nhau bng ao, chng cht u nhau bng kim. y, chng i n t vong, i n au kh gn nh t vong". (Trung B I. 87A) "Bng, thng hay thua Ta, Ngh vy u tranh khi, C ba khng dao ng, Bng, thng khng khi ln". (Tng ng I. 15) "Ngi khc khng hiu bit, Chng ta y (Trong tranh lun ny) suy vong. Ai hiu bit ch y, Tranh lun c lng m". (Php C. 6) "Phn n, khng hoan h, B-la-mn Akkosaka Bhradvja i n Th Tn, sau khi n ni nhng li khng tt p, c ng, ph bng v nhic mng Th Tn. c nghe ni vy, Th Tn ni vi B-la-mn Akkosaka Bhradvja: -"Ny B-la-mn, ng ngh th no? Cc thn hu b con huyt thng, cc khch c n ving thm ng khng?" - "Tha Tn gi Gotama, thnh thong cc thn hu b con huyt thng, cc khch c n ving thm ti" - "Ny B-la-mn, ng ngh th no? ng c sa son cho h cc mn n loi cng, loi mm v cc loi nm khng?" - "Tha Tn gi

Gotama, thnh thong ti sa son cho h cc mn n loi cng, loi mm v cc loi nm". - "Nhng ny B-la-mn, nu h khng thu nhn, thi cc mn n y v ai?" - "Tha Tn gi Gotama, nu h khng thu nhn, thi cc mn n y v li chng ti". "Cng vy, ny B-la-mn, nu ng ph bng chng ti l ngi khng ph bng, nhic mng chng ti l ngi khng nhic mng, x v chng ti l ngi khng x v, chng ti khng thu nhn s vic y t ng, thi ny B-la-mn, s vic y v li ng. Ny B-la-mn, s vic y ch v li ng. Ny B-la-mn, ai ph bng li khi b ph bng, nhic mng li khi b nhic mng, x v li khi b x v, thi nh vy, ny B-la-mn, ngi y c xem l hng th, san s vi ng. Cn chng ti khng cng hng th s vic y vi ng, khng cng san s vic y vi ng, thi ny B-lamn, tt c s vic y v li vi ng v tt c s vic y ch v li ng m thi". (Tng ng I. 199) "Ny Hin gi, theo li dy ca Ta, trong th gii vi ch Thin, Mara v Phm thin, vi cc chng Sa-mn, B-la-mn, ch Thin v loi Ngi, khng c tranh lun vi ai i". (Trung B I. 109A) "Ny T-kheo, do bt c nhn duyn g, mt s h lun vng tng m nh mt ngi, nu y khng c g ng hoan h, ng n mng, ng chp th, thi nh vy l s on tn tham ty min, s on tn sn ty min, s on tn kin ty min, s on tn nghi ty min, s on tn mn ty min, s on tn hu i ty min, s on tn v minh ty min, s on tn chp trng chp kim, u tranh, trnh tranh, lun tranh, khng tranh, ly gin ng, vng ng. Chnh ni y, nhng c bt thin php ny u c tiu dit, khng cn d tn". (Trung B I. 110) "Thng trn sanh th on, Bi trn nm kh au, Ai b thng, b bi, Tch tnh hng an lc". (Tng ng I. 102) "Bc Thnh b gia nh, Du hnh khng tr x; i vi dn trong lng, Khng tc thnh h ly. Tuyt khng cc dc vng, Khng c vng ho huyn,

Chm dt mi tranh lun, Bt c vi mt ai". (Tng ng III. 14) ---o0o--PHM 2 : SN HN V NHU HA Sn hn hnh ng nh mt ci km sit cht nhng ai ri vo s chi phi ca sn hn, v c xem l gy tai hi cho ngi i. Cho nn, tt hn l ng ni li th c i vi bt c ai, v li ni th c em li nhng li th hn v cho n ao trng chm ngi. Cho n thin ch Thch cng khuyn ch nn phn n, v phn n nghin ngi c, nh ni nghin ngi. Do vy, bc c tr "nhip phc gin vi khng gin". Nhng ai xng ng vi danh xng B-la-mn, phi thn thin gia th ch, n ha gia hung hng. Ai chn c cn gin ang ni ln mi xng ng l bc nh xe, cn k khc khng lm c vy, ch ng gi l ngi cm cng h. Thin ch Thch khuyn ch Thin ch phn n nhip phc, ch lng sn chng i sn hn, v khng phn n th khng lm hi mnh, hi ngi, hi c hai. Bc tr nh tn gc phn n xng ng c tn xng l bc Hin thin. Ngi khng phn n tht s l ngi ha bnh. T hn c hai l ngi b mng, li mng tr. V chin thng c hai, chin thng mnh v chin thng ngi, khi v y t ch, khng mng li. *** "La no bng la tham, Chp no bng sn hn, Li no bng li si, Sng no bng sng i". (Php C. 251)

"C lm hi rung vn, Sn hn hi ngi i, B th ngi la sn, Do vy c qu ln". (Php C. 357) "Ch ni li c c, Ni c, b ni li, Kh thay li phn n, ao trng phi chm ngi". (Php C. 133) "Ny cc T-kheo, thu xa, thin ch Thch ti Thin php ng, mun lm lng du ch Thin ci Ba mi ba, lc y ni ln bi k ny: "Hy nhip phc phn n, Gi tnh bn khng phai, Khng ng mng, ch mng, Khng nn ni hai li, Phn n nghin ngi c, Nh ni nghin ngi". (Tng ng I. 305) "Ly khng gin thng gin, Ly thin thng khng thin, Ly th thng xan tham, Ly chn thng h ngy". (Php C. 223) "Thn thin gia th ch, n ha gia hung hng, Khng nhim gia nhim trc, Ta gi B-la-mn". (Php C. 406) "Ai chn c cn gin, Nh dng xe ang ln, Ta gi ngi nh xe, K khc, cm cng h". (Php C. 222) Ny cc T-kheo, thu xa thin ch Thch, ti Thin php ng, mun lm lng du ch Thin ci Ba mi ba, lc y ni ln bi k ny: "Ch lng phn n,

Nhip phc chi phi ng. Ch lng sn hn, i tr vi sn hn. Khng phn n, v hi, Bc Thnh thng an tr. Phn n nghin ngi c, Nh ni nghin ngi". (Tng ng I. 305) "Ch ai ct tit, Nh tn gc, on tr, Ngi tr y dit sn, uc gi ngi Hin thin". (Php C. 263) "Vi v khng phn n, Phn n t u n? Sng ch ng, chnh mng, Gii thot nh chnh tr, V y sng nh vy, i sng c tch tnh. B mng ph bng li, T hn c hai ngi, Nhng ai b ph bng, Khng ph bng chng li, Ngi y thng trn, Thng cho mnh, cho ngi V y tm li ch, Cho c mnh v ngi. V k ph bng, T hiu, lng ngui u". (Tng ng I, 200) ---o0o--PHM 3 : LM HI V KHNG LM HI Hi ngi khng lm hi ai, chng khc ngc gi tung bi, vi kt qu l t mnh phi chu kt qu hnh ng ca mnh. c Pht trong khi quan st tm tr ca mi loi chng sanh tuyn b rng, mi loi thng t ng ca mnh l ti thng. Nu chng ta thng t ng ca chng ta, ch c lm hi t ng ca ngi. Mi loi cu an lc. Hi

ngi cu an lc cho mnh tht l h sch. ng hi ngi mi l thng sch em li hnh phc cho mnh. i vi c Pht, ch nhng ai tht s khng lm hi mt ai, mi xng danh l v "Bt hi". Bc Thnh, bc c tr khng hi mt chng sanh no. Hnh ng cc v y, thn nghip, khu nghip hay nghip hon ton bt hi. l l do ti sao cc v y c gi l cc bc Thnh. *** "V ngh n t li, Nn mi cp hi ngi, Khi ngi khc cp hi; B hi, li hi ngi. Ngi ngu ngh nh vy, Khi c cha chn mui; Khi c chn mui, Ngi ngu chu kh au. St ngi b ngi st; Thng ngi b ngi thng; Mng ngi, ngi mng li; No ngi, ngi no li. Do nghip lc din tin, B hi, li hi ngi". (Tng ng I. 103) "Khng xc, khng c chm, C xc thi c chm, Nu hi ngi khng hi, Tc c xc, c chm. Ai hi ngi khng hi, Ngi tnh khng nhim, K ngu hi qu c, Nh ngc gi tung bi". (Tng ng I. 16) "Tm ta i cng khp. Tt c mi phng tri, Cng khng tm thy c, Ai thn hn t ng. T ng i mi ngi, Qu thn i nh vy,

Vy ai yu t ng, Ch hi t ng ngi". (Tng ng I. 92) "Chng sanh cu an lc, Ai dng trng hi ngi, Tm an lc cho mnh, i sau khng c lc". (Php C. 131) "Chng sanh cu an lc, Khng dng trng hi ngi, Tm an lc cho mnh, i sau c hng lc". (Php C. 132) B-la-mn Ahimsaka tha vi c Pht: "Con l Ahimsaka, tha Tn gi Gotama. Con l Ahimsaka, tha Tn gi Gotama". c Pht ni ln bi k vi B-la-mn: "Danh phi tng xng ngi, Ngi phi l bt hi. Ai vi thn, khu, , Khng lm hi mt ai. Ai khng hi ngi khc, Ngi y tht Bt hi". (Tng ng I. 203) "Cn st hi sinh linh, u c gi Hin Thnh. Khng hi mi chng sanh, Mi c gi Hin Thnh". (Php C. 270) "Ai sng t trang sc, Nhng an tnh nhip phc. Sng kin tr Phm hnh, Khng hi mi sanh linh. V y l Phm ch, Hay Sa-mn, kht s". (Php C. 142) "Bc Hin khng hi ai, Thn thng c ch ng, t c cnh bt t, n y khng u su". (Php C. 225)

---o0o--PHM 4 : HN TH V THN HU c Pht tuyn b rt r rng rng, mt tm y nhng hn th v th ch, ngi nh vy khng th hiu mt cch tt p, khng th ni mt cch tt p. Mt ngi m p nui dng s bt mn v ut hn s khng lm du bt hn th ca mnh. Vi nim mt mnh, hn th khng c th tr dit. Ch vi mt tm t ngy m thch th trong bt hi v vi lng t mn i vi tt c loi hu tnh, ngi nh vy mi c th chm dt hn th. "nh lut ngn thu xc nh hn th khng th tr dit hn th. Ch c tnh thng mi tr dit c hn th. Do vy, sung sng thay l i sng ca chng ta, nu chng ta sng khng hn th gia nhng ngi th hn". Mt ngi bit cch t nhip phc mnh chm dt mi hn th, mi th ch, ngi nh vy t c Nit-bn, v rng Nit-bn s khng c hn th. c Pht, vi lng t thng tng mi chng sanh s khng thch th trong hn th. Cho nn Ngi s lm tt c nhng g c th lm c lm vi bt, nh bt v chm dt mi th ch v hn th trong th gii ny. *** "Tm ng tht u, V y nhng th hn, Lm sao bit tt p? Lm sao ni tt p? Ai nhip phc th hn, Nhip phc tm chng i, T b mi hn tm, V y bit tt p, V y ni tt p". (Tng ng I. 222) "N thng ti, nh ti, N thng ti, dit ti". Ai m nim hn y, Hn th khng th ngui". (Php C. 3)

"N mng ti, nh ti, N thng ti, dit ti". Khng m nim hn y, Hn th c t ngui". (Php C. 4) D xoa Manibhadda i n Th Tn v ni ln bi k ny: "Lnh thay, thng chnh nim, Nh nim, lc tng trng. C nim, ngy mai p, Hn th c gii thot!" (Th Tn) : "Lnh thay, thng chnh nim, Nh nim, lc tng trng. C nim, ngy mai p, Hn th cha gii thot. Vi ai, trn ngy m, Tm lc, bt hi. T tm, mi hu tnh, V y khng th hn". (Tng ng I. 260) "Hn th dit hn th, i ny khng c c, Khng hn dit hn th L nh lut ngn thu". (Php C. 5) "Vui thay, chng ta sng, Khng hn gia hn th, Gia nhng ngi th hn, Ta sng, khng hn th". (Php C. 197) "Khng hn, ht bn phn, Tr gii, khng tham i, Nhip phc thn cui cng, Ta gi B-la-mn". (Php C. 400) "Nu t mnh yn lng, Nh chic chung b b,

ng chng Nit-bn, ng khng cn sn hn". (Php C. 134) ---o0o--PHM 5 : ST SANH V TN TRNG S SNG Th Tn knh trng s sng, bt c s sng no, cho n s sng ca cn trng v s sng ca c cy. Ngi t mnh thc hnh, khng cc n d tha ca mnh trn m c xanh, hay nhn chm trong nc c cc loi cn trng nh. c Pht khuyn cc t ch c st sanh cng dng c Pht v cc t ca Ngi, v nu lm vy, chng tch ly nhiu phi cng c. Ngi trnh by r rng rng, st sanh a ti ti sanh trong a ngc, sc sanh, ng qu v qu bo nh nht ca st sanh l sanh ra lm ngi vi tui th ngn. Li na, st hi chng sanh em n s s hi v hn th trong hin ti v trong tng lai v lm sanh khi tm kh, tm u. Do vy, c Pht khuyn ch nn st sanh v rng mi chng sanh s hi hnh pht, i vi mi loi hu tnh s sng l qu nht trn i. Gii th nht ca mt c s phi th tr l knh trng s sng, khng st hi chng sanh. V mt B-la-mn xng ng vi danh xng, mt v Thnh xng ng vi Thnh v, phi thc hin s knh trng i sng ny mt cch ton din v y . *** "V cn li n tha ny ca Ta cn phi qung b. Nu cc ng mun, hy n. Nu cc ng khng mun n; Ta s qung b n y ti ch khng c c xanh, hay Ta s nhn chm trong nc khng c cc loi cn trng". (Trung B I. 13-13A) "Ny Jvaka, nu ngi no v Nh Lai, hay v t Nh Lai, git hi sinh vt, ngi y s cht cha nhiu phi cng c do nm nguyn nhn. Khi ngi y ni nh sau: "Hy i v dt con th ny n" l nguyn nhn th nht, ngi y cht cha nhiu phi cng c. Con th y khi b bt i, v b li ko ni c, nn cm th kh u, l nguyn nhn th hai, ngi y cht cha nhiu phi cng c. Khi n ni nh sau: "Hy i v git con th ny", l nguyn nhn th ba, ngi y cht cha nhiu phi cng c. Khi

con th y b git cm th kh u, y l nguyn nhn th t, ngi y cht cha nhiu phi cng c. Khi ngi y cng dng Nh Lai hay t Nh Lai mt cch phi php, l nguyn nhn th nm, ngi y cht cha nhiu phi cng c. Ny Jvaka nu ngi no v Nh Lai hay t Nh Lai git hi sinh vt, ngi y s cht cha nhiu phi cng c do nm nguyn nhn ny". (Trung B II. 371A) "Ny cc T-kheo, nu st sanh c thc hin, c luyn tp, c lm cho sung mn, a n a ngc, s a n loi bng sanh, a n ci ng qu. Qu d thc ht sc nh (sabbalahuso) ca st sinh, l c lm ngi vi tui th ngn". (Tng Chi III A. 230) "Ny Jvaka, nhng ai ni nh sau: "V Sa-mn Gotama, chng git hi cc sinh vt. V Sa-mn Gotama, tuy bit vn dng cc loi tht c git v mnh, c lm cho mnh", nhng ngi y khng ni chnh li ca Ta, chng xuyn tc Ta, khng nh chn, khng nh tht. Ny Jvaka Ta ni trong ba trng hp, tht khng c th dng: Thy, nghe v nghi (v mnh m git). Ta ni ba trng hp ny tht khng c th dng. Ny Jvaka, Ta ni trong ba trng hp ny, tht c th dng: Khng thy, khng nghe, khng nghi (v mnh m git). Ny Jvaka, Ta ni trong ba trng hp ny, tht c th dng". (Trung B II. 370) "Ny gia ch, st sanh, do duyn st sanh to ra s hi hn th ngay trong hin ti, to ra s hi hn th trong tng lai, khin tm cm th kh u. T b st sanh, khng to ra s hi hn th trong hin ti, khng to ra s hi hn th trong tng lai, khng khin tm cm th kh u. Ngi t b st sanh lm lng du s hi hn th ny". (Tng Chi III B. 176) "Mi ngi s hnh pht, Mi ngi s t vong. Ly mnh lm v d, Khng git, khng bo git". (Php C. 129) " y, ny cc T-kheo, v Thnh t suy ngh nh sau: "Cho n trn i, cc v A-la-hn on tn st sinh, t b st sinh, b trng, b kim, bit tm qu, c lng t, sng thng xt n hnh phc tt c chng sanh v loi hu tnh. Hm nay, m ny v ngy ny. Ta cng on tn st sanh, t b st sanh, b trng, b kim, bit tm qu, c lng t, sng thng xt n hnh phc tt c chng sanh v loi hu tnh. Vi chi phn ny, ta theo gng v A-la-hn, ta s thc hnh ngy trai gii". (Tng Chi III. 232)

"B trng i chng sanh, Yu km hay kin cng, Khng git, khng bo git, Ta gi B-la-mn". (Php C. 405) " y, ny cc T-kheo, Thnh t on tn st sinh, t b st sinh. Ny cc T-kheo, Thnh t t b st sinh, em (s) khng s hi cho v lng chng sinh, em (s) khng hn th cho v lng chng sinh, em (s) khng hi cho v lng chng sinh; sau khi cho v lng chng sinh, khng s hi, khng hn th, khng hi, v y s c san s v lng khng s hi, khng hn th, khng hi. Ny cc T-kheo, y l b th th nht, l i b th, c bit l ti s, c bit l lu ngy, khng b nhng Sa-mn, B-la-mn c tr khinh thng". (Tng Chi III. A. 229) ---o0o---

CHNG BA - TRCH DCH V TNG GI


Khi c Pht thnh lp on Tng-gi u tin, Ngi ch bn tm nht l ch t mt s gii lut cn bn bo m mt i sng tht s ha hp nht tr gia cc chng Tng. Do vy, Ngi dy su php cn phi ghi nh hay su php ha knh. Ngi khuyn cc t ca Ngi sng vi nhau trong tinh thn ha hp hoan h vi nhau nh nc vi sa, nhn nhau vi cp mt y thin cm. Khi cc T-kheo Kosambi ci v nhau, li khin trch ca c Pht tht nghim khc v thng thn. Thin ch Thch c s knh trng ln i vi chng Tng, v chng Tng tng trng cho thnh phn "khng chin gia giao chin, trm tnh gia dao gy". Thch xem nhng hng ngi ny l thng trn hai ln, thng trn i vi mnh, thng trn i vi ngi khc, nhng ngi, khi b mng nhic, khng mng nhic li. c Pht khuyn cc T-kheo nn lm cho Php Lut kho ging ny c chi sng vi hnh kham nhn v nhu ha ca mnh; nn sng i sng thanh thot v an tnh, mt i sng tht s hnh phc, khi tm t ca ch v t c ha bnh, ha bnh trn chnh mnh, ha bnh trn th gii. ***

Ri Th Tn bo cc T-kheo: "Ny cc T-kheo, c su php ny cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, a n ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp nht tr. Th no l su? y, ny cc Tkheo, T-kheo an tr t thn hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh, c trc mt ln sau lng. Php ny cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, a n ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp, nht tr. Li na, ny cc T- kheo, T-kheo an tr t khu hnh... an tr t hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh, c trc mt ln sau lng. Php ny cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, a n ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp nht tr. Li na, ny cc T-kheo, i vi cc ti vt nhn c ng php, hp php, cho n nhng ti vt thu nhn ch trong bnh bt, T-kheo khng phi l ngi khng san s cc ti vt nhn c nh vy, phi l ngi san s dng chung vi cc v ng Phm hnh c gii c. Php ny... (nh trn) ... a n khng tranh lun, ha hp, nht tr. Li na, ny cc T-kheo, i vi cc gii lut khng c vi phm, khng c t vt, khng c vn c, khng c u tp, gii thot, c ngi tr tn thn, khng b chp trc, a n Thin nh, T-kheo sng thnh tu trong cc gii lut y vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng. Php ny... (nh trn)... ha hp, nht tr. Li na, ny cc Tkheo, i vi cc tri kin, thuc v bc Thnh, c kh nng hng thng, khin ngi thc hnh chn chnh dit tn kh au, T-kheo sng thnh tu tri kin nh vy, cng vi cc v ng Phm hnh, c trc mt ln sau lng. Php ny cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, a n ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp, nht tr. Ny cc T-kheo, c su php ny, cn phi ghi nh, to thnh tng i, to thnh tng knh, a n ha ng, a n khng tranh lun, ha hp, nht tr". (Trung B I. 321 B) "Ny cc Anuruddh nh th no cc ng sng ha hp, hoan h vi nhau nh nc vi sa, sng nhn nhau vi cp mt thin cm?" - "Bch Th Tn y chng con ngh nh sau: "Tht li ch thay cho ta! Tht kho li ch thay cho ta, khi ta c sng vi cc v ng phm hnh nh vy?" Bch Th Tn, do vy i vi cc v ng phm hnh ny, con khi ln t thn nghip, trc mt v sau lng, con khi ln t khu nghip trc mt v sau lng,con khi ln t nghip trc mt v sau lng. Bch Th Tn, do vy chng con ngh nh sau: "Ta hy t b tm ca ta v sng thun theo tm ca nhng Tn gi ny. V bch Th Tn, con t b tm ca con v sng thun theo tm ca nhng Tn gi y. Bch Th Tn, chng con khc thn nhng ging nh ng mt tm". (Trung B I. 206)

"Ny cc T - kheo, cc Thy ngh th no? Trong khi cc Thy sng cnh tranh, lun tranh, u tranh, thng nhau bng binh kh ming li, trong khi y cc Thy c an tr t thn hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng khng? Cc Thy c an tr t khu hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh, c trc mt ln sau lng khng? Cc Thy c an tr t hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng khng?" "Bch Th Tn, khng". Nh vy, ny cc T-kheo, cc Thy chp nhn rng, trong khi cc Thy sng cnh tranh, lun tranh, u tranh, thng nhau bng binh kh ming li, trong khi y khng an tr t thn hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng, khng an tr t khu hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng, khng an tr t hnh i vi cc v ng Phm hnh c trc mt ln sau lng. Nh vy, ny cc k ngu kia, do bit g, do thy g cc Thy sng cnh tranh, lun tranh, u tranh, thng nhau vi nhng binh kh ming li, v cc Thy khng t thng cm nhau, khng chp nhn ha gii. Nh vy, ny cc k ngu kia, cc Thy s phi chu bt hnh, au kh trong mt thi gian di ". (Trung B I. 321A-321B) ( Thch): "Ch Thin chin Tu-la, Loi Ngi cng gy chin, Khng chin gia gy chin. Trm tnh gia ao gy, Khng chp gia chp trc, Vy ta knh l chng ". (Tng ng I. 299 - 300) Sakka vua cc ch Thin ni ln nhng cu k ny: "Ngi y sc mnh, Chu nhn ngi yu km, Nhn y gi ti thng, Thng nhn k yu hn. Sc mnh ca k ngu, c xem l sc mnh, Thi sc mnh k mnh c gi yu hn sao? Ngi mnh h tr php, Khng ni li phn ng. B mng, nhic mng li, c hi nng n hn.

B mng, khng mng li c chin thng hai ln, Thng mnh v thng ngi ". (Tng ng I. 280-281) "B-la-mn tch tnh, Lun lun sng an lc, Khng o bng dc vng, Thanh lng, khng sanh y, Mi i trc on dit, Tm kh no iu phc, Tch tnh sng an lc, Tm t t ha bnh ". (Tng ng I. 265) "Nh Lai, bc Gic ng, Thng xt mi hu tnh, Ai khng chu chp nhn, Ti li c pht l, Ni phn, a sn hn, Hn th cng kin cht. Ta khng thch hn th, Ta nhn ti cc ng". (Tng ng I. 29) ---o0o---

CHNG BN - LI DY V CC HNG NGI THIN V CHIN TRANH V HNG NGI THIN V HA BNH
PHM 1: NGI C V NGI THIN. Ni mt cch tng qut, c hai hng ngi i. Hng ngi thin v ci ln, a thch gy s v c xu hng chin tranh. C hng ngi thin v sng ha thun, hoan h trong tnh bn v c xu hng ha bnh. Trong hng ngi u, c th phn loi hng ngi c c, hng ngi ngu si v hng ngi sng phng ng. Trong hng ngi th hai c xp loi hng ngi hnh thin, hng ngi c tr, hng ngi bit sng ch ng iu phc.

c Pht phn loi r rng gia thin v c khuyn tt c t ca mnh khng lm c, lm cc hnh lnh v gi tm trong sch. Ngi bit rng lm c th d, lm lnh kh hn, nhng cc t ca Ngi phi bit la chn gia c v thin, v k c phi i xung a ngc v chu rt nhiu kh au; cn bc Thin s c ln ci Tri v hng th hnh phc. Ngoi ra bc Thin chi sng nh ni Tuyt vi hnh ng thin ca mnh. Cn k c thi mn en bao ph nh tn bn m en. Do vy, c Pht khuyn chng ta khng nn lm bn vi k c, ch thn thin vi bn lnh. Ngi nu r rng, nu chng ta mun sng, chng ta phi trnh c nh trnh thuc c, v mt bn tay khng thng tch c th cm thuc c m khng c hi g. Php ca bc Thin khng mt, nhng i theo ngi lm lnh n ch cc hnh lnh dt dn n. Cc hnh lnh n cho ngi lm lnh khi i t th gii ny qua th gii khc, nh b con n cho ngi thn yu i xa mi tr v. Nh vy, vn t ra rt r rng v dt khot. c v thin u do ti mnh to ra. c a n ci nhau, gy hn v chin tranh. Cn thin a n ha thun, thn hu v ha bnh. *** "Khng lm mi iu c, Thnh tu cc hnh lnh, Tm gi trong sch, Chnh li ch Pht dy ". (Php C. 183) "D lm cc iu c, V cc iu t hi, Cn vic li v tt, Tht ti thng kh lm ". (Php C. 163) "c hnh khng nn lm, Lm xong chu kh ly. Thin hnh t nn lm, Lm xong, khng n nn ". (Php C, 314) "Mt s sinh bo thai. K c sinh a ngc. Ngi thin ln ci Tri,

V lu chng Nit-bn ". (Php C. 126) "Ngi lnh du xa, Sng t nh ni Tuyt, K c du y, Cng khng h c thy, Nh tn bn m en". (Php C. 304) "Ai dng cc hnh lnh, Lm xa m nghip c, S chi sng i ny, Nh trng thot my che ". (Php C. 173) "Ch thn vi bn c, Ch thn k tiu nhn, Hy thn ngi bn lnh, Hy thn bc thng nhn ". (Php C. 78) "t bn ng, nhiu ca, Ngi bun trnh ng him, Mun sng, trnh thuc c, Hy trnh c nh vy ". (Php C. 123) "Bn tay khng thng tch, C th cm thuc c, Khng thng tch trnh c, Khng lm, khng c c ". (Php C. 124) "Nh xe vua lng ly, Cui cng b h gi, Thn ny ri s gi. Ch c php bc Thin, Khi b nn gi nua. Nh vy bc Ch Thin Ni ln cho bc Thin ". (Php C. 151) "Khch lu ngy tha hng, An n t xa v, B con cng thn hu, Hn hoan n cho mng". (Php C. 219)

"Cng vy, cc phc nghip, n cho ngi lm lnh, i ny n i kia, Nh thn nhn n cho ". (Php C. 220) "T mnh iu c lm, T mnh lm nhim . T mnh c khng lm, T mnh lm thanh tnh. Thanh tnh, khng thanh tnh, u do t chnh mnh, Khng ai thanh tnh ai ". (Php C. 165) ---o0o--PHM 2: NGI NGU V BC TR. c Pht thy r thi khc nhau ca k ngu v bc tr i vi th gii ny. K ngu tham m, si m v tr thnh n l cho th gii ny. Nhng ngi tr khng c m say, khng c luyn i, v x s nh ngi ch nhn i vi i. Nhng li tuyn b ca c Pht, s hi, tht vng tai ha ch khi ln cho ngi ngu, khng khi ln cho ngi tr, l mt cnh co nghim khc cho tt c chng ta. Ri c Pht tip n tuyn b rng ngi ngu x s mt cch khin cho t ng tr thnh k th. V khi danh vng n vi k ngu, k ngu phi chu bt hnh v au kh. Bc tr c hnh ng khc hn. Bc tr tinh cn gia nhng ngi phng dt, tnh thc gia nhng ngi m ng, bc ti nh con nga phi, b sau nhng k ngu si yu hn. Bc tr chinh phc Ma v Ma qun, un nn tm chnh trc, thc hnh Thin nh, kin tr tinh tn v nh vy hng c hnh phc Nit-bn. Vi tr tu ca mnh, bc Tr chi sng i ny gm c nhng phm phu m qung v ngu si. Bc Tr ng thng nh mt hoa sen thm hng v p sc, sanh ra t ng rc qung b trn ng ln. Hnh phc Nit-bn v hnh phc Ha bnh ch n vi bc Tr, khng bao gi n vi k ngu. *** "Hy n nhn i ny, Nh xe vua lng ly, Ngi ngu mi tham m,

K tr no m say ". (Php C. 171) "Ny cc T-kheo, nu c s hi g khi ln, chng khi ln cho ngi ngu, ch khng phi cho ngi tr. Nu c tht vng g khi ln, chng khi ln cho ngi ngu, ch khng phi khi ln cho ngi tr. Nu c tai ha g khi ln, chng khi ln cho ngi ngu, ch khng phi cho ngi tr". (Trung B III. 188) "Ngi ngu si thiu tr, T ng l k th. Lm c nghip khng thin, Phi chu qu ng cay". (Php C. 66) "T n chu bt hnh, Khi danh n k ngu, Vn may b tn hi, No u b nt tan ". (Php C. 72) "Tinh cn gia phng dt, Tnh thc gia qun m, Ngi tr nh nga phi, B sau con nga hn". (Php C. 29) "Nh chim thin nga bay, Thn thng ling gia tri. Chin thng Ma, Ma qun, Bc tr thot i ny". (Php C. 175) "Tm hong ht dao ng, Kh h tr, kh nhip, Ngi tr lm tm thng, Nh th tn, lm tn". (Php C. 33) "Ngi hng tu Thin nh, Thng kin tr tinh tn, Bc Tr hng Nit-bn, ch an n, v thng". (Php C. 23) "Nh gia ng rc nhp, Qung b trn ng ln,

Ch y hoa sen n, Thm sch p ngi" (Php C. 58) "Cng vy gia qun sanh, U nhim, m, phm tc, t bc Chnh tr, Sng ngi vi tu tr". (Php C. 59) ---o0o--PHM 3: NGI PHNG DT V BC T IU. c Pht bit r tm t xu hng ca chng sanh. Ngi bit rng ngi ngu si chuyn sng i phng tng, bung lung, cn ngi c tr thi khng phng dt, nh gi gn ti sn qu. Do vy Ngi khuyn ngi c tr vi n lc, khng phng dt, kho ch ng, t mnh xy dng mt hn o m nc lt khng th ngp trn. Ai trc kia sng phng ng nay sng khng phng dt s chi sng i ny nh trng thot my che. i vi c Pht, mt ngi chin thng ngn qun ch chin trng khng th so snh vi mt ngi t chin thng mnh, v rng t chin thng mnh l chin thng ti thng. Mt ngi t iu phc mnh thng sng ch ng. V mt t ng kho ch ng v kho iu phc tr thnh mt im ta c gi tr v ng tin cy, tht kh tm c. Ngi no ngi nm mt mnh, c hnh khng bun chn, bit t iu phc, ngi nh vy c th sng thoi mi trong rng su. Ngi nh vy s l bc o S ng tin cy, v rng t kho iu phc mnh ri mi dy cho ngi khc kho iu phc. Do vy c Pht khuyn mi ngi hy t iu phc mnh. Ch nhng ngi kho t iu, nhng ngi khng phng dt mi bit con ng chm dt tranh lun, ci v, gy hn v bit sng ha hp, thn i v sng hnh phc trong ha bnh. *** "Chng ngu si, c tr, Chuyn sng i phng tng. Ngi tr khng phng dt, Nh gi ti sn qu". (Php C. 26) "N lc, khng phng dt,

T iu, kho ch ng, K tr xy hn o, Nc lt kh ngp trn". (Php C. 25) "Ai trc sng bung lung, Sau sng khng phng dt, S chi sng i ny Nh trng thot my che". (Php C. 172) "Du ti bi chin trng, Thng ngn ngn qun ch, T thng mnh tt hn, Tht chin thng ti thng". (Php C. 103) "T thng tt p hn, Hn chin thng ngi khc. Ngi kho iu phc mnh, Thng sng t ch ng". (Php C. 104) "T mnh nng ta mnh, No c im ta khc. Nh kho iu phc mnh c im ta kh c". (Php C. 160) "T mnh che ch mnh, T mnh nng ta mnh. Vy hy t iu phc, Nh thng khch nga hin". (Php C. 380) "Ai nm ngi mt mnh, c hnh, khng bun chn, T iu phc mt mnh. Ngi y sng thoi mi, Trong rng su thanh vng". (Php C. 305) "Hy t lm cho mnh, Nh iu mnh dy ngi. Kho t iu, iu ngi, Kh thay, t iu phc". (Php C. 159)

"Ngi tr thy dn nc, K lm tn nn tn, Ngi th mc un vn, Bc t iu, iu thn". (Php C. 145) ---o0o--CH VIT TT A: Anguttara Nikya Dhp: Dhammapada E: English M: Majjhima Nikya P: Pli S: Samyutta Nikya Tng Chi: Tng Chi B Kinh Trung B: Trung B Kinh Tng ng: Tng ng B Kinh V: Vit Nam --- o0o --Ht

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