ng Vit Hng Bi ging Dng in xoay chiu

Mobile: 0985074831




I. MCH IN C IN TR THUN R V CUN CM THUN L

c im:
in p v tng tr ca mch:
2 2
2 2
RL R L
R L RL
2 2
2 2
RL
L
RL L
U U U
U U U
I
Z
R Z
Z R Z

= +
+

= =

+
= +

in p nhanh pha hn dng in gc , xc nh t
biu thc
L L
R
R
2 2
RL RL
L
U Z
tan
U R
U R R
cos
U Z
R Z

= =

= = =

Khi ,
u
=
i
+ .
Gin vc t:

V d 1. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm hai phn t R, L vi = =
1
R 50 3 , L (H).
2
t vo hai u on
mch mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = 120cos(100t + /4) V.
a) Tnh tng tr ca mch.
b) Vit biu thc cng dng in chy qua on mch.
c) Vit biu thc in p hai u cun cm thun, hai u in tr.
Hng dn gii:
a) T gi thit ta tnh c Z
L
= 50 tng tr ca mch l
( )
2
2 2 2
RL L
Z R Z 50 3 50 100. = + = + =
b) Ta c
o
o
U 120
I 1, 2A.
Z 100
= = =
lch pha ca in p v dng in l tha mn
L
Z 50 1
tan rad.
R 6 50 3 3
= = = =
M in p hai u mch nhanh pha hn dng in nn
u i i u


4 6 12
= + = = =
Vy biu thc cng dng in qua mch l

i 1, 2cos 100t A.
12
| |
= +
|
\

c) Vit biu thc u
L
v u
R
.
Ta c
oL 0 L
oR 0
U I .Z 1, 2.50 60V.
U I .R 1, 2.50 3 60 3 V.
= = =

= = =

Do u
L
nhanh pha hn i gc /2 nn
L
u i L
7 7
u 60cos 100t V.
2 12 2 12 12
| |
= + = + = = +
|
\

Do u
R
cng pha vi i nn
R
u i R

u 60 3cos 100t V.
12 12
| |
= = = +
|
\

V d 2. Cho mt on mch in xoay chiu ch c cun cm thun L v in tr R. Nu t vo hai u on
mch in p u = 100cos(100t + /4) V th cng dng in trong mch l ( ) = i 2 cos 100t A. Tnh gi tr
ca R v L.
Hng dn gii:
Bi ging 3:
MCH IN XOAY CHIU RLC
ng Vit Hng Bi ging Dng in xoay chiu
Mobile: 0985074831
T gi thit ta c
RL
RL
L
L
U 50 2 V
R 50
Z 50 2
I 1A R Z 50
1
Z
L (H)
tan 1
2
4 R

=
= =

= = =

=
= =

II. MCH IN C IN TR THUN R V T IN C

c im:
in p v tng tr ca mch:
2 2
2 2
RC R C
R C RC
2 2
2 2
RC
C
RC C
U U U
U U U
I
Z
R Z
Z R Z

= +
+

= =

+
= +

in p chm pha hn dng in gc , xc nh t
biu thc
C C
u i
R
U Z
tan ,
U R

= = =
Gin vc t:

V d 1. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm hai phn t R, C vi

= =
4
10
R 100, C (H).

t vo hai u on
mch mt in p xoay chiu c biu thc u = 200cos(100t + /3) V.
a) Tnh tng tr ca mch.
b) Vit biu thc cng dng in chy qua on mch.
c) Vit biu thc in p hai u t in, hai u in tr thun.
Hng dn gii:
a) Ta c Z
L
= 100 tng tr ca mch l
2 2 2 2
RL C
Z R Z 100 100 100 2 . = + = + =
b) Ta c
o
o
U 200
I 2 A.
Z 100 2
= = =
lch pha ca in p v dng in l tha mn
C
Z 100
tan 1 rad.
R 100 4

= = = =
M
u i i u
7
rad.
3 4 12
= = = + =
Vy biu thc cng dng in qua mch l
7
i 2 cos 100t A.
12
| |
= +
|
\

c) Vit biu thc u
C
v u
R
.
Ta c
oC o C
oR o
U I .Z 100 2 V.
U I .R 100 2 V.

= =

= =

Do u
C
chm pha hn i gc /2 nn
L
u i C
7
u 100 2 cos 100t V.
2 12 2 12 12
| |
= = = = +
|
\

Do u
R
cng pha vi i nn
R
u i R
7 7
u 100 2 cos 100t V.
12 12
| |
= = = +
|
\

V d 2. Cho mt on mch in xoay chiu ch c t in C v in tr R. Nu t vo hai u on mch
in p ( ) = u 100 2 cos 100 t V th cng dng in trong mch l
| |
= +
|
\

i 2 cos 100t A.
4
Tnh gi tr ca
R v C.
Hng dn gii:
ng Vit Hng Bi ging Dng in xoay chiu
Mobile: 0985074831
T gi thit ta c
2 2
RL
RC C
3
C
C
U 100V
R 50 2 Z 100 R Z
I 1A R Z 50 2
10 Z
C (F) tan 1

4 R 5 2

=
= = = +

= = =

| |
= = =

|
\
=

V d 3. on mch in xoay chiu ni tip gm in tr R = 50 v t in =
200
C F.
3
Vit biu thc in
p tc thi gia hai bn ca t in v hai u on mch. Cho bit biu thc cng dng in
| |
= +
|
\

i 2 sin 100t A.
3

Hng dn gii:
Ta c
C
6
1 1
100 Z 50 3.
200
C
100. .10
3

= = = =
Tng tr ca mch
( )
2
2 2 2
RC C
Z R Z 50 50 3 100. = + = + =
T gi thit ta c
o o RC
o oR o
oC o C
U I .Z 100 2 V
I 2 U I .R 50 2 V
U I .Z 50 6 V

= =

= = =

= =

Vit biu thc in p gia hai u t C:
Do u
c
chm pha hn i gc /2 nn
C C
u i u i

rad.
2 2 3 2 6
= = = =
Biu thc hai u C l
C

u 50 6cos 100t V.
6
| |
=
|
\

Vit biu thc in p gia hai u on mch RC:
lch pha ca u v i l
C
Z 50 3
tan 3 rad.
R 50 3

= = = =
M ( )
RC RC
u i u i RC

0 u 100 2cos 100t V.
3 3
= = + = + = =
III. MCH IN C CUN CM THUN L V T IN C

c im:
in p v tng tr ca mch:
LC L C
L C LC
LC L C LC L C
U U U
U U U
I
Z Z Z Z Z Z
=

= =

Gin vc t:
- Khi U
L
> U
C
hay Z
L
> Z
C
th u
LC
nhanh
pha hn i gc /2. (Hnh 1). Khi ta ni
mch c tnh cm khng.
- Khi U
L
< U
C
hay Z
L
< Z
C
th u
LC
chm pha
hn i gc /2. (Hnh 2). Khi ta ni mch
c tnh dung khng.

(Hnh 1)

(Hnh 2)

V du. Mt on mch gm mt t in C c dung khng 100 v mt cm thun c cm khng 200 mc
ni tip nhau. in p hai u cun cm c biu thc u
L
= 100cos(100t + /6) V. Vit biu thc in p hai
u t in.
ng Vit Hng Bi ging Dng in xoay chiu
Mobile: 0985074831
Hng dn gii:
Ta c
oL oC C
o oC
L C
U U Z 100
I U 50V.
Z 200 Z 2
= = = = =
Mt khc
C
L C C
L
u i
u u u
u i
5
2
rad.
6 6
2

=

= = =

= +

Vy biu thc hai u in p qua t C l
C
5
u 50cos 100 t V
6
| |
=
|
\

IV. MCH IN RLC NI TIP

c im:
in p v tng tr ca mch
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
R L C
R L C
C R L
2
2 2
2
L C
L C
L C
U U U U
U U U
U U U U
I
Z R Z Z
R Z Z
Z R Z Z

= +
+

= = = = =

+
= +

lch pha ca in p v cng dng
in trong mch l , c chi bi
L C L C
u i
R
U U Z Z
tan ,
U R

= = =
- Khi U
L
> U
C
hay Z
L
> Z
C
th u nhanh pha
hn i gc . (Hnh 1). Khi ta ni mch c
tnh cm khng.
- Khi U
L
< U
C
hay Z
L
< Z
C
th u chm pha
hn i gc . (Hnh 2). Khi ta ni mch c
tnh dung khng.
Gin vc t:


(Hnh 1)


(Hnh 2)
V d 1: Cho mch in RLC c

= = =
3
3 10
R 10 3 , L (H), C (F).
10 2

t vo hai u mch in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 120 V, tn s 50 Hz.
a) Tnh tng tr ca mch.
b) Tnh cng hiu dng ca dng in qua mch.
c) in p hiu dng trn tng phn t R, L, C.
Hng dn gii:
a) Tnh tng tr ca mch
Ta c Z
L
= L = 30 ; Z
C
= 20
Tng tr ca mch ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
L C
Z R Z Z 10 3 10 20. = + = + =
b) Cng hiu dng qua mch
U 120
I 6A.
Z 20
= = =
c) in p hiu dng trn tng phn t l
R
L L
C C
U I.R 60 3V.
U I.Z 180V.
U I.Z 120V.

= =

= =

= =

V d 2: Cho on mch RLC gm R = 80 , L = 318 mH, C = 79,5 F. in p gia hai u on mch c
biu thc ( ) = u 120 2cos 100t V.
a) Vit biu thc cng dng in chy trong mch v tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u mi dng c.
b) Tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u R, hai u L v hai u C.
c) Vit biu thc in p hai u R, hai u L, hai u C.
Hng dn gii:
ng Vit Hng Bi ging Dng in xoay chiu
Mobile: 0985074831
a) Ta c
L
C 6
Z L 100.0, 318 100
100
1 1
Z 40
C 100.79, 5.10

= =

= =

Tng tr ca mch l
2 2 2 2
L C
Z R (Z Z ) 80 (100 40) 100. = + = + =
Cng dng in ca mch :
0
U 100
I 1A I 2 A.
Z 100
= = = =
Gi l lch pha ca u v i, ta c
L C
Z Z 100 40 3
tan 0, 64 rad.
R 80 4

= = =
M
u i i u
0, 64rad. = = =
Vy biu thc cng dng in trong mch l ( ) i 2cos 100t 0, 64 A. =
b) Theo a ta c I 1(A) = , in p hiu dng gia hai u mi phn t l
R
L L
C C
U I.R 80V.
U I.Z 100V.
U I.Z 40V.
= =

= =

= =

c) Vit biu thc hai u mi phn t R, L v C.
Biu thc in p gia hai u R
R oR
U 80V U 80 2 V. = =
Do u
R
cng pha vi i nn ( )
R
u i R
0, 64rad u 80 2cos 100t 0, 64 V. = = =
Biu thc in p gia hai u L
L oL
U 100V U 100 2 V = =
Do u
L
nhanh pha hn i gc /2 nn
L L
u i u i

0, 64 rad
2 2 2
= = + =
Biu thc in p hai u L l
L
u 100 2cos 100 t 0, 64 V.
2
| |
= +
|
\

Biu thc in p gia hai u C
C 0C
U 40 V U 40 2 V. = =
Do u
C
chm pha hn i gc /2 nn
C C
u i u i

0, 64rad.
2 2 2
= = =
Biu thc in p hai u t C l
C

u 40 2cos 100t 0, 64 V.
2
| |
=
|
\

V. CNG HNG IN TRONG MCH RLC NI TIP
Khi nim v cng hng in
Khi
2
L C
1 1 1
Z Z L
C LC LC
= = = = th trong mch c xy ra hin tng cng hng in.
c im ca hin tng cng hng in
- Khi xy ra hin tng cng hng in th tng tr ca mch t gi tr nh nht, Z
min
= R cng hiu dng
ca dng in t gi tr cc i vi
max
U
I .
R
=
- in p gia hai u in tr R bng vi in p hai u mch, U
R
= U.
- Cng dng in trong mch cng pha vi in p hai u mch
- Cc in p gia hai u tu in v hai u cun cm c cng ln nhng ngc pha nn trit tiu nhau.
- iu kin cng hng in
2
1 1
f LC 1
LC 2 LC
= = =
Ch :
Khi ang xy ra cng hng th tng tr ca mch t cc tiu, cng dng in t cc i. Nu ta tng hay
gim tn s dng in th tng tr ca mch s tng, ng thi cng dng in s gim.
V d. Mt on mch ni tip gm mt in tr R = 10 , cun dy thun L = 5 mH v t in C = 5.10
4
F.
Hiu in th hai u on mch U = 220 V.
a) Xc nh tn s ca dng in c cng hng.
b) Tnh cng qua mch v cc hiu in th U
L
, U
C
khi c cng hng.
ng Vit Hng Bi ging Dng in xoay chiu
Mobile: 0985074831
Hng dn gii:
a)
L C
3 4
1 1 1 1 1
Z Z L 2f f 100 Hz.
C LC LC 2 LC
2. 5.10 .5.10

= = = = = =
b) Vi f = 100 Hz th
3
L C
f 100 Hz 200 Z L 200.5.10 3,14 Z

= = = = =
Khi c cng hng th
max L C L
U 220
I I 22A U U I.Z 22.3,14 69V.
R 10
= = = = = = = =
VI. MCH IN RLC NI TIP KHI CUN DY C THM IN TR r
Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC trong cun dy khng
thun cm m c thm mt in tr r.
Khi R v r c gi l tng tr thun ca mch v do R, r
ni tip nn tng tr thun k hiu l
0
0 R R r
R R r U U U = + = +

c im:
in p v tng tr ca mch
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
R L C R r L C R L C
C R L r
2
2 2 2 2
2
L C
0 L C
0 L C L C
U U U U U U U U U U U
U U U U U
I
Z R Z Z r
R Z Z
Z R Z Z R r Z Z

= + = + + +

= = = = = =

+
= + = + +

lch pha ca in p v cng dng in trong mch l , c cho bi h thc
0
L C L C L C
u i
R R r
U U U U Z Z
tan ,
U U U R r

= = = =
+ +

Nhn xt :
Cun dy c thm in tr hot ng r nn c th coi nh mt mch in rL thu nh. Cc cng thc tnh ton vi
cun dy cng nh tnh ton vi on mch RL kho st trn
- in p hai u cun dy
2 2
d Lr r L
U U U U = = +
- Tng tr ca cun dy
2 2
d Lr L
Z Z r Z = = +
- lch pha ca u
d
v i c cho bi
L
d
Z
tan
r
= in p u
d
nhanh pha hn i gc
d
hay
d
=
ud

i

Ch :
Trong mt s bi ton m khi bi cho nhp nhng khng bit c cun dy c thun cm hay khng hoc i
khi yu cu chng mnh rng cun dy c thm in tr hot ng r th ta lm theo cch sau
- Gi s rng cun dy khng c in tr hot ng, r = 0.
- Thit lp cc biu thc vi r = 0 th s mu thun vi gi thit cho.
- Kt lun l cun dy phi c in tr hot ng r 0.
V d 1. Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, bit R = 50 , C =
2.10
4
/ (F), ( )
| |
= = +
|
\
AM MB

u 80cos 100t V, u 200 2cos 100t V.

2

a) Tnh gi tr ca r

v L.
b) Vit biu thc ca cng dng in v in p hai u mch.

Hng dn gii:
a) Ta c
C
1
100 rad Z 50.
C
= = =
Tng tr ca on mch AM l
2 2
AM RC C
Z Z R Z 50 2 . = = + =
Cng dng in
2 2 2 AM MB
MB Lr L
AM
U U 40 2 200
I 0,8A Z Z 250 r Z 250 , (1).
Z I 0,8 50 2
= = = = = = = + =
lch pha ca u
AM
vi i tha mn
C
AM AM
Z
tan 1
R 4

= = = , hay u
AM
chm pha hn i gc /4.
M u
MB
nhanh pha hn u
AM
gc /2 u
MB
nhanh pha hn i gc /4.
T
L
L
Z
tan 1 r Z , (2)
4 r
= = =
R
B
C r, L
A


ng Vit Hng Bi ging Dng in xoay chiu
Mobile: 0985074831
T (1) v (2) ta c
2 2 2
L
L
L
r 125 2
r Z 250
r Z 125 2
5 2
r Z
L (H)
4

=
+ =

= =

=
=

b) Vit biu thc ca u v i.
Vit biu thc ca i :
T cu a ta c
AM
AM u i i


4 4
= = =
M

I 0,8A i 0,8 2cos 100t A.

4
| |
= = +
|
\

Vit biu thc ca in p hai u mch:
Tng tr ca mch ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
L C
Z R r Z Z 50 125 2 125 2 50 150 3 . = + + = + + =
in p hai u mch
0
U I.Z 0,8.150 3 120 3 V U 120 6 V. = = = =
lch pha ca u v i l
L C
Z Z 125 2 50
tan 0, 56 0, 51 rad.
R r 50 125 2

= =
+ +

M
u i u i

0, 51 u 120 6cos 100t 0, 51 V.
4 4
| |
= = + = + = + +
|
\

V d 2. Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v, bit
= =
AB
3
u 120 2cos(100t)V, L (H).

Tm R v C bit u
AN
tr
pha /3 so vi u
AB
v u
MB
sm pha /3 so vi u
AB .


Hng dn gii:
Ta c gin vc t nh hnh v.
T gi thit ta c Z
L
= 300 .
on mch MB cha L v C, do u
MB
nhanh pha hn u
AB
nn Z
L
>
Z
C
v u
AB
nhanh pha hon i gc /6.
Mt khc, u
AN
chm pha hn u
AB
gc /3, m u
AB
nhanh pha hn i
gc /6 nn u
AN
chm pha hn i gc /6.
T cc lp lun ta c
( )
C
R C
R
L C
R L C
R
U 1
tan U 3U
6 U 3
U U 1
tan U 3 U U
6 U 3
| |
= = =
|
\

| |

= = =
|

T ,
( )
R C
R C
L C R L C
U 3U
U 3U
U 2U U 3 U U

=
=

= =

M ( )
C
2
2 2 2
AB R L C C C R
L
U 60V
U 120V U U U 120 3U U U 60 3V
U 120V
=

= = + = + =

Li c,
R
L
4
L C
C
U 60 3
R 150 3 R 150 3
U 120 I 0, 4
I 0, 4A
2.10
Z 300 U 60
C (F)
Z 150
3
I 0, 4

= = = =

= = =

=

= = =