Bi 6.

Phng php lng gic ha tch phn hm v t

189
BI 6. PHNG PHP LNG GIC HO TCH PHN HM V T
I. CC DNG TCH PHN V CC PHP I BIN S THNG DNG
Dng tch phn i bin s iu kin bin s
( )
2 2
f x, a x dx

x a sin t = t ,
2 2
(

(


( )
2 2
f x, x a dx

a
x
cos t
=
) )
3
t 0, ,
2 2





( )
2 2
f x, x a dx +

x a tg t =
)
t 0,
2

a x
f x, dx
a x
| |
+
|

x a cos 2t =
( )
t 0,
2

( ) ( ) ( ) f x, x a b x dx

( )
2
x a b a sin t = +
t 0,
2
(

(


II. CC BI TP MU MINH HA:
1. Dng 1:
( )

2 2
f x, a x dx . t x a sint = ;
2 2
t ,
(

(


x 1/2 1
t /6 /2
( )

3
1
2
1
3
1 2
1 x
I = dx
x
. t
2 2
x sint ;t ,
(
=
(


dx costdt
( ) ( )
3
2 2 2 2
2 4 4 4
1
3 3 3 4
6 6 6 6
1 sin t cos t dt cos t dt cos t dt cos td cos t
I
sin t sin t sin t sin t

= = = =


( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
6 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
4 4 4 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 0 0 0 0
cos td cos t u du 1 1 u du 1 u
du du
1 u
1 cos t 1 u 1 u 1 u

+
= = = =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 2
2 2
2 2
0 0 0 0
1 1 u 1 u 1 u 1 1 1 1 u
du du du du
4 1 u 1 u 4 1 u 1 u
1 u 1 u
( + + + + | |
= = +
|
(
+ + \


( )
3 2
0
1 1 1 1 u 3 2 3 3 3
3ln 4u 3 ln 3 ln 2 3
4 1 u 1 u 1 u 4 2 2
2 3
( + +
(
= + = + = +
(
+

( )

3 2
2 2
2
I = 3 x 3 x dx. t 3
2 2
u sint ;t ,
(
=
(


u 0
3 2
Chng II: Nguyn hm v tch phn Trn Phng

190
t 0 /6
du
3 cos t dt
Khi :
( ) ( ) ( )
6 6
2 2 2 2
2
0 0
I 3 3sin t 3 3sin t 3cos t dt 3cos t 3cos t 3cos t dt

= =



( ) ( )
( )
6 6 6 2
2
2 2
0 0 0
6 6
0 0
6
0
1 cos 2t 9
9 cos t dt 9 dt 1 2cos 2t cos t dt
2 4
9 1 cos 4t 9
1 2cos 2t dt 3 4cos 2t cos 4t dt
4 2 8
9 1 9 3 9 81 3
3t 2sin 2t sin 4t 3
8 4 8 2 8 16 64

+ | |
= = = + +
|
\
+ | |
= + + = + +
|
\
| |
(
= + + = + + = +
|
(
\



u 0 1
t 0 /6

( )

1
3
2 2
0
dx
I =
4 x 4 x
. t 2
2 2
u sint ;t ,
(
=
(


du 2costdt
Khi :
( )
6 6
3
2 2 2 2
0 0
2cos t dt 2cos t dt
I
4 4sin t 4 4sin t 4cos t 4cos t

= =



( )
6 6 6
2
0
0 0
dt 1 1 1 1
d tg t tg t tg
4 4 4 6
4 3 4cos t

| |
= = = = =
|
\


u 0 a
t 0 /2

( )
0 ; a >

a
2 2 2
4
0
I = x a x dx . t
2 2
u a sint ;t ,
(
=
(


du acostdt
Khi :
( )
2 a
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4
0 0
I x a x dx a sin t a a sin t a cos t dt

= =



( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
4
2 2 4 2 2 2
0 0 0
2
2
4 4 4 4
0
0
a
a sin t a cos t a cos t dt a sin t cos t dt sin 2t dt
4
a a a 1 a
1 cos 4t dt t sin 4t
8 8 4 8 2 16

= = =
| |
= = = =
|
\

Bi 6. Phng php lng gic ha tch phn hm v t

191

( )
( )
1 2 0
2
2
1 2 0
1
1
1
1
1
2 4
4
dx du
u
x

+
+ +

0
5
-1 2
dx
I = =
1 + x 1 + x

u 0 1/2
t 0 /2
t
1
2 2
2
u sint ;t ,
(
=
(


du (costdt)/2
Khi ta c:
2 2 2 2
5
2
0 0 0 0
cos t dt cos t dt 2 dt
I 1 dt 2 2J
2 cos t 2 cos t 2 2 cos t 2
2 1 sin t

| |
= = = = =
|
+ + + \
+


( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2
13
0
t
2d tg
dt dt dt
2
J
t t t t 2 cos t
1 2cos 3 tg cos 1 tg 2
2 2 2 2
t
tg
2 2 1 9 4 3
2
arctg arctg I 2
2 18
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

= = = =
+
+ + + +

= = = = =

( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 3 3
1
4
1 4 1
xdx u du
u u
x x


+
= =



1 2
6
2
2
1 3
xdx
I =
x 1 3 + 2x x

u
3 2
t /3 /4
t 2
2 2
u sint ;t ,
(
=
(


du 2costdt
Khi ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
4 4 4 4
6
2
2 2
3
3 3 3
4 4 4
2 2
3
3 3
1 2sin t 2cos t dt 1 2sin t dt 1 1 dt
I cotg t
4 2 sin t
4sin t
4sin t 4cos t
3 3 1 sin t dt 3 3 1 d cos t 3 3 1 1 cos t
ln
12 2 12 2 12 4 1 cos t
1 cos t 1 cos t
3 3 1 2 2
ln l
12 4
2 2

+ + | |
= = = +
|
\
+
= + = =

+
=

3 3 1 3 2 2
n 3 ln
12 4 3
| |
+
=
|
\

u 0 1/2
t 0 /6

( )

1 2
2
7
5
2
0
x dx
I =
1 x
. t
2 2
u sint ;t ,
(
=
(


du costdt


( )
( )
6 6 6 6 2 2
2 3
7
4
5
2 0
0 0 0
sin t cos t dt sin t dt 1 1
I tg t d tg t tg t
3
9 3 cos t
1 sin t

= = = = =

Chng II: Nguyn hm v tch phn Trn Phng

192
2. Dng 2:
( )

2 2
f x, x a dx . t
a
x
cos t
= ;
) )
3
0
2 2
t , ,





x
2
2
t /4 /3

2
1
2
2
dx
I =
x x 1
. t
) )
3 1
0
2 2
x ; t , ,
cos t

=



dx sintdt/cos
2
t
3 3 3 3
2
1
2
4 4 4 4
2
sin t dt cos t sin t dt sin t dt
I dt
cos t. tg t 3 4 12
1 1
cos t tg t
1
cos t
cos t



= = = = = =

x
2
2
t /4 /3

2
2
2
2
2
x dx
I =
x 1
. t
) )
3 1
0
2 2
x ; t , ,
cos t

=



dx sintdt/cos
2
t
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 2
2
2 2 4
2
4
2 2
4 4 4 2
2
2
2 3 3 3
4 2
2
4 4 4
sin t sin t
1
dt dt
x dx cos t dt
cos t cos t cos t
I
1 cos t
x 1 sin t
1
cos t
cos t
cos t dt d sin t 1 1 sin t 1 sin t
d sin t
4 1 sin t 1 sin t
cos t
1 sin t

= = = =

( + +
= = =
(
+

( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 3 2
2 2 2
4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
d sin t d sin t
4 1 sin t 1 sin t 4
1 sin t 1 sin t 1 sin t


| | (
= + = + +
|
(
+ \
+



3
4
1 1 1 1 sin t 1 2 2 2 3
ln ln
4 1 sin t 1 sin t 1 sin t 4
2 3 2 3 2 3
1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 7 4 3
ln ln
4 2 4
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2

| |
( + +
= + = + |
(
|
+
+
\
| |
+
+ = + |
|
+
\

x 4 8
t 0 /3

8
2
3
4
x 16
I = dx
x
. t
) )
3 4
0
2 2
x ; t , ,
cos t

=



dx 4sintdt/cos
2
t
3 3 3 2
2 2
2
3
0 0 0
4sin t dt
1
16 1
16 tg t sin t dt
cos t cos t
I 4 tg t dt
4
cos t
cos t

| |

|

\
= = =


( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
3
2
0
0 0 0
4 1 tg t 1 dt 4 d tg t dt 4 tg t t 4 3
3

| |
| |
(
| = + = = =
|

|
\
\


Bi 6. Phng php lng gic ha tch phn hm v t

193

( )

4
2 2 2 2
dx
I =
x a x a
(a > 0). t
( ) ( )
0
2 2
a
x ;t , ,
cos t

=
( )
4
2 3 3
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a tg t dt 1 asintdt
I
cos t a cos t tg t 1 1
a 1 a 1
cos t cos t
dt 1 cos t dt 1 d sin t 1
c
.a cos t tg t .a sin t .a sin t .a sin t
= =

| | | |

| |
\ \

= = = = +




trong = 1 nu tgt > 0 v = 1 nu tgt < 0
x
a 2
2a
t /4 /3

2a
2 2
5
a 2
x a
I = dx
x
. t
) )
3
0
2 2
a
x ; t , ,
cos t

=



dx asintdt/cos
2
t
2
3 3 3 2 2
2 2
2
5
4 4 4
a sin t dt
1
a 1
a tg t sin t dt
cos t cos t
I a tg t dt
a
cos t
cos t


| |

|

\
= = =


( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
3
2
4
4 4 4
a 1 tg t 1 dt a d tg t dt a tg t t a 3 1
12

| |
| |
(
| = + = = =
|

| \
\


x
a 2
2a
t /4 /3

2a
2 2
6
2
a 2
x a
I = dx
x
. t
) )
3
0
2 2
a
x ; t , ,
cos t

=



dx asintdt/cos
2
t
( )
2
3 3 3 2 2
2 2 2
5
2 2 3
4 4 4
a sin t dt
1
a 1
a tg t sin t dt
sin t cos t cos t
I dt
a cos t cos t a
cos t


| |

|

\
= = =


( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 3 3 3
2 2
4 2
2
4 4 4
sin t cos t sin t 1 1 sin t 1 sin t
dt d sin t d sin t
4 1 sin t 1 sin t
cos t
1 sin t


( +
= = =
(
+

( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 3 2
2 2 2
4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
d sint d sint
4 1 sint 1 sint 4
1 sin t
1 sint 1 sint


| | (
= = +
|
(
+ \
+



( )
3
4
1 1 1 1 sint 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 ln 2 3
ln ln
4 1 sint 1 sint 1 sint 4 2
2 3 2 3 2 3

| |
( + + +
= = =
|
(
+
+
\

Chng II: Nguyn hm v tch phn Trn Phng

194
3. Dng 3:
( )

2 2
f x, x + a dx . t x atg t = ;
)
0
2
t ,

x 1 3 1
t /6 /4

( )

5
1
2
1
8
1 3
1 + x
I = dx
x
. t
)
0
2
x tg t ;t ,

=

dx
2
dt cos t
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
5
5
2
4 4 4 4
2 2
1
8 8 8 8
6 6 6 6
4 4
8
7
6
6
dt 1 dt
1 tg t
cos t dt d sin t cos t
cos t cos t
I
tg t tg t sin t sin t
1 1 128 8 2
sin t d sin t 8 2 128
7 7
7sin t

| |
+
|
\
= = = =

= = = =

( ) ( )
0 1
2
2
1 0
1 1 1 1 x d x u du

= + + + = +

0
2
2
-1
I = x + 2x + 2dx
u 0 1
t 0 /4 t
)
0
2
u tg t ;t ,

=

du
2
dt cos t
Khi ta c:
( )
( )
4 4 4 4 1
2 2
2
2 3 4 2
2
0 0 0 0 0
dt dt cos t dt d sin t
I u 1 du tg t 1
cos t cos t cos t
1 sin t

= + = + = = =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 4 4 2
0 0
1 1 sin t 1 sin t 1 1 1
d sin t d sin t
4 1 sin t 1 sin t 4 1 sin t 1 sin t

( + + | |
= = +
|
(
+ + \


( ) ( )
( )
4
4
2 2 2
0 0
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 sint
d sint ln
4 4 1 sint 1 sint 1 sint
1 sin t 1 sint 1 sint

( + (
= + + = +
( (
+
+

1 2 2 2 2 2 1
ln ln 3 2 2
4 2 4
2 2 2 2 2 2
(
+
= + = + + (
+ (

1 2
3
0
1 + x
I = dx
1 x
. t
( )
2
2 2
2
1 1 4
1 1
1
x u udu
u x ; dx
x u
u
+
= = =
+
+

u 1 3
t /4 /3

( )
3 2
3
2
2
1
4u du
I
u 1
=
+

. t
( )
0
2
u tg t;t ,

=
du dt/cos
2
t


( )
3 3 3
2
3
4
4 4
1 3
I 4sin u du 2 1 cos 2u du 2 u sin 2u 1
2 6 2

| |
= = = = +
|
\


Bi 6. Phng php lng gic ha tch phn hm v t

195

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3 2 3
3 3
2 2 2 2
1 1
1
2 2 1

= =
(
+
+ + +


3-2
4
3
2
2
1
dx
I =
x+ 2 x +4x+5
dx d u
u u
x x

u 1 3
t /4 /3
t
)
0
2
u tg t ;t ,

=

du
2
dt cos t
Khi ta c:
( )
3 3 3 3
3 3 2
4
2 2 2 2
4
4 4 4
cos t dt cos t 1 sin t 1
I dt d sin t sin t
sin t
tg t cos t sin t sin t
2 3 2 2 7 6 9 2 7 3
2 2 6
3 2 2 3 2 2

| |
= = = =
|
\
| | | |

= = + =
| |
\ \

2
2
5
2
2
1
x x 2x + 2 dx
I =
x 2x + 2
x + x 2x + 2
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
1
x x 1 1 dx
x 1 1
x x 1 1
+
=
+
+ +

u 0 1
t 0 /4
1
2
2
2
0
u 1 u 1 du
u 1
u 1 u 1
+ +
=
+
+ + +

. t
)
0
2
u tg t ;t ,

=

du
2
dt cos t
( )
4 4 2
5
2 2
2
0 0
4 4
0 0
tg t 1 tg t 1
dt sin t cos t 1
I dt
sin t cos t 1
cos t tg t 1
tg t 1 tg t 1
2 dt
1 dt 2 2J
sin t cos t 1 4 sin t cos t 1 4


+ +
+
= =
+ +
+
+ + +
| |
= = =
|
+ + + + \



( )
( )
( )
4 4 4
2 2
0 0 0
4
4
12
0
0
dt dt dt
J
t t t t t sin t cos t 1
2sin cos 2cos 2cos 1 tg
2 2 2 2 2
t
d tg
2 t
ln 1 tg ln 1 tg ln 2 I 2ln 2 ln 2
t 2 8
4 4
1 tg
2

= = =
+ +
+ +

= = + = + = = =
+

( ) ( )
1 0
2
2
0 1
1 1 1 1 x x dx u u du

= + = + +

1
2
6
0
I = x x 2x + 2 dx
u 1 0
t /4 0
t
)
0
2
u tg t ;t ,

=

du dt/cos
2
t
Khi ta c:
Chng II: Nguyn hm v tch phn Trn Phng

196
( )
0 0 0
2
6
2 3 4
4 4 4
1 tg t dt sin t cos t
I 1 tg t 1 tg t dt dt
cos t cos t cos t

+ +
= + + = =


( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 0 0 0 0
4 2 4
2
4 4 4 4
sint dt d sint d cos t 1 sint 1 sint
d sint
1 sint 1 sint
cos t cos t
1 sin t
( + +
= + = +
(
+

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
0 2 0
3
4
4
0
2 2 2
4
0
4
1 1 1
d sin t
1 sin t 1 sin t
3cos t
1 2 2 1 1 2
d sin t
3
1 sin t 1 sin t 1 sin t
1 2 2 1 1 1 sin t
ln
3 1 sin t 1 sin t 1 sin t
1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 2
ln 2ln 1 2
3 3
2 2 2 2 2 1

| |
= + +
|
+ \
(
= + + +
(
+

| | +
= + +
|
+
\
| |
+
= + = + +
|
+ +
\

( )
2
3 2 2
2
3 2
3 2
2
x
dx
x
+
=

3 2
2
7
2
3 2
9 + 2x
I = dx
x

x
3 2 3 2
t /6 /4
t
)
3
0
2
2
x tg t ;t ,

=

dx ( )
2
3 2 dt cos t
Khi ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 3 2 4
7
2 2 2
6 3 2
x 3 2 3 2 tg t 1
3dt
I 2 dx 2
x 2 cos t
3
tg t
2

+ +
= =
| |
|
\


( )
( ) ( )
4 4 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 1 2 1 2
dt d sin t du u 1 u
2 2 2 2 du
cos t sin t cos t sin t
u 1 u u 1 u


+
= = = =



2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
du du 1 1 u 1 2 3 2 2
2 2 ln ln 2 2 2
2 1 u u 2 3
1 u u
| |
| | + +
|
= + = = +
|
|
\
\

1
3 2
I = x 1 + x dx . t
)
0 x tg t ;t ,

=
x 0 1
Bi 6. Phng php lng gic ha tch phn hm v t

197
t 0 /4
dx
2
dt cos t

( )
4 4 4 4
3 3 2
3 2
8
2 3 6 6
0 0 0 0
tg t dt sin t 1 cos t
I tg t 1 tg t dt dt d cos t
cos t cos t cos t cos t

= + = = =



( ) ( )
( )
4 4 4
6 4 5 3
0 0 0
d cos t d cos t 1 1 2
1 2
15
cos t cos t 5cos t 3cos t

| |
= + = = +
|
\


x 0 1
t 0 /4
( )

1
2
9
2 2
0
x dx
I =
x + 1 x + 1
. t
)
0
2
x tg t ;t ,

=

dx
2
dt cos t
( )
( )
4 4 4 4
2 2 2 2
9
2 2 2
2 2
0 0 0 0
tg t dt sin t sin t cos t sin t
I dt dt d sin t
cos t
cos t cos t 1 sin t
1 tg t 1 tg t

= = = =

+ +


( ) ( )
4
4
2
0 0
1 1 1 sin t 2
1 d sin t ln sin t ln 1 2
2 1 sin t 2
1 sin t

| | + | |
= = = +
| |

\ \

x
1 3
1
t /6 /4

( )

1
2 2
10
3
1 3
x + 1 x +1
I = dx
x
. t
)
0
2
x tg t ;t ,

=

dx
2
dt cos t
( )
4 4 4 2 2
10
3 2 3 2 4 2
6 6 6
1 tg t 1 tg t
dt dt sin t
I dt
tg t cos t sin t cos t sin t cos t


+ +
= = =


( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
4 4 4
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
6 6 6
4 4 4 4 2 2
2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
d cos t d cos t cos t 1 cos t
d cos t
1 cos t cos t
1 cos t cos t 1 cos t cos t
cos t 1 d cos t d cos t cos t
d cos t 2 d cos t
cos t
1 cos t 1 cos t cos t 1 cos t




| |
+
= = =
|
|

\

| | | |
= + = + +
| |
\ \



( )
4
4 2
6 0
4
6
1 cos t 1 1 1 1
2ln d cos t
1 cos t cos t 4 1 cos t 1 cos t
9 1 cos t 1 1 1 1 9 1 2 2
ln ln 1 2
4 1 cos t cos t 4 1 cos t 1 cos t 2
2 3 3

| | + | |
= +
| |
+ \ \
( + + | |
= + = +
|
(
+ \ +

Chng II: Nguyn hm v tch phn Trn Phng

198
4. Dng 4:
| |
|

a + x
f x, dx
a x
. t 2 x a cos t = ;
( )
0
2
t ,

x 0 5/2
t /4 /6

5 2
1
0
5 + x
I = dx
5 x
. t 5 2 0
2
x cos t ; t ,
(
=
(


dx 10sin2tdt

( )
( )
( ) ( )
6 4
2
1
2
4 6
5 1 cos 2t cos t
I 10sin 2t dt 10 2sin t cos t dt
5 1 cos 2t
sin t


+
= =

( )
( )
4 4 4
2
6
6 6
1 5 5 2 3
10 2cos t dt 10 1 cos 2t dt 10 t sin 2t
2 6 2

| |
= = + = + = +
|
\


x 0 3/2
t /4 /6

3/2
2
2
0
3 + x
I = x dx
3 x
. t 3 2 0
2
x cos t ; t ,
(
=
(


dx 6sin2tdt

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
6 4
2
2 2
2
2
4 6
3 1 cos 2t cos t
I 9cos 2t 6sin 2t dt 54 cos 2t 2sin t cos t dt
3 1 cos 2t
sin t


+
= =

( ) ( ) ( )
4 4 4
2 2 2 2 3
6 6 6
4 4
6
6
54 cos 2t 2cos t dt 54 cos 2t 1 cos 2t dt 54 cos 2t cos 2t dt
1 cos 4t cos 6t 3cos 2t 27 1 1 3
54 dt 2t sin 4t sin 6t sin 2t
2 4 2 2 6 2
27 1 3 3 3 3 27 4
3
2 2 6 2 3 4 4 2 6 3

= = + = +
+ + | | (
= + = + + +
|
(
\
( | |
| | |
= + + + = + ( | |
\ \ \

|
|

5. Dng 5:
( ) ( ) ( )

f x, x a b x dx . t
( )
2
x a b a sin t = + ; t 0,
2
(

(


x
3a b
4
+

a b
2
+

t /6 /4

( ) ( )

a+b
2
1
3a+b
4
dx
I =
x a b x
(a < b). t
( )
2
0
2
x a b a sin t
t ,

= +

(

(

dx (ba)sin2tdt

( )
( ) ( )
4 4 4
1
2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6
b a sin 2t dt 2sin t cos t dt
I 2dt 2
4 6 6
sin t cos t b a sin t 1 sin t


| |
= = = = =
|
\



III. CC BI TP DNH CHO BN C T GII
( ) ( )
2 2 2 1
3 2 3
1 2 3 4
3 2 3 2
3 2 3 2
1 o 3 2 3
dx dx 2 x
I x 4 x dx ; I ; I ; I x dx
2 x
x x 1 x x 4
+
= = = =