B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG S: 32 /2011/TT-BTNMT

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc H Ni, ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2011 THNG T Quy nh quy trnh k thut quan trc cht lng nc ma B TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG Cn c Ngh nh s 25/2008/N-CP ngy 04 thng 3 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, c sa i, b sung ti Ngh nh s 19/2010/N-CP ngy 08 thng 3 nm 2010 v Ngh nh s 89/2010/N-CP ngy 16 thng 8 nm 2010; Cn c Ngh nh s 102/2008/N-CP ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph v vic thu thp, qun l, khai thc v s dng d liu v ti nguyn v mi trng; Cn c Quyt nh s 16/2007/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 01 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch tng th mng li quan trc ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia n nm 2020; Xt ngh ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Mi trng, V trng V Khoa hc v Cng ngh v V trng V Php ch, QUY NH: Chng I QUY NH CHUNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh Thng t ny quy nh v quy trnh k thut quan trc mi trng cht lng nc ma, gm: xc nh mc tiu quan trc, thit k chng trnh quan trc v thc hin chng trnh quan trc. iu 2. i tng p dng 1. Thng t ny p dng vi cc i tng sau: a) Cc c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng Trung ng v a phng; cc trm, trung tm quan trc mi trng thuc mng li quan trc mi trng quc gia v mng li quan trc mi trng a phng;

b) Cc t chc c chc nng, nhim v v hot ng quan trc mi trng, hot ng dch v quan trc mi trng giao np bo co, s liu cho c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng Trung ng v a phng; 2. Thng t ny khng p dng cho hot ng quan trc cht lng nc ma bng cc thit b t ng, lin tc. iu 3. Nguyn tc p dng cc tiu chun, phng php vin dn 1. Vic p dng cc tiu chun, phng php vin dn phi tun th theo cc tiu chun, phng php quan trc v phn tch c quy nh ti Chng II ca Thng t ny; 2. Trng hp cc tiu chun, phng php quan trc v phn tch quy nh ti Chng II ca Thng t ny sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo tiu chun, phng php mi. Chng II QUY TRNH K THUT QUAN TRC CHT LNG NC MA iu 4. Mc tiu quan trc Cc mc tiu c bn trong quan trc cht lng nc ma l: 1. nh gi cht lng nc ma phc v kim sot pht thi v tnh hnh nhim ca khu vc, a phng, vng v nhim xuyn bin gii; 2. nh gi, gim st lng ng axit (lng ng t) theo khng gian v thi gian; 3. nh gi hin trng v xu hng cht lng nc ma; 4. Theo cc yu cu khc ca cng tc qun l, bo v mi trng. iu 5. Thit k chng trnh quan trc Chng trnh quan trc sau khi thit k phi c cp c thm quyn hoc c quan qun l chng trnh quan trc ph duyt hoc chp thun bng vn bn. Vic thit k chng trnh quan trc cht lng nc ma c th nh sau: 1. Kiu quan trc Cn c vo mc tiu quan trc, khi thit k chng trnh quan trc phi xc nh kiu quan trc l quan trc mi trng nn hay quan trc mi trng tc ng. 2. a im, v tr quan trc im quan trc c la chn phi m bo rng cc mu nc ma c ly c tnh i din cho khu vc quan trc v p ng mc tiu ca chng trnh quan trc. Vic xc nh a im, v tr quan trc da vo cc quy nh sau: a) Cc quy nh ti mc 7 tiu chun quc gia TCVN 5997:1995 (tng ng tiu chun cht lng ISO 5667-8:1993) v hng dn ly mu nc ma; 2

b) V tr cc im quan trc c th c chn ti cc vn kh tng ca cc trm kh tng, vi iu kin trm kh tng p ng cc yu cu trn. 3. Thng s quan trc Cn c vo mc tiu ca chng trnh quan trc, ngun nhim xung quanh m quan trc cc thng s sau: a) Thng s o, phn tch ti hin trng: hng gi, tc gi, nhit , m, lng ma, bc x mt tri; b) Thng s khc: - Thng s bt buc quan trc: pH, dn in (EC), cc ion canxi (Ca ), magie (Mg+2), natri (Na+), kali (K+), amoni (NH4+), clorua (Cl-), nitrat (NO3-), sunphat (SO4-2);
+2

- Thng s khng bt buc quan trc: nitrit (NO2-), florua (F-), bromua (Br-), hidrocacbonat (HCO3-), axit hu c, photphat (PO43-), kim loi nng, nhm (Al), v cc hp cht hu c. 4. Thi gian v tn sut quan trc Mu nc ma c ly vi thi gian v tn sut nh sau: a) Cc mu nc ma c ly theo mi trn ma. Trng hp ny phi ch xc nh thi im bt u v kt thc trn ma v yu cu quan trc vin phi c mt 24/24 gi thc hin vic ly mu; b) Trong trng hp khng th thc hin vic ly mu theo mi trn ma th ly mu theo ngy (lin tc trong 24 gi). Trng hp ny th thi gian ly mu ca mt ngy bt u t 8 gi sng v mu phi c gi nguyn vn (c bo qun lnh hoc thm cc ha cht bo qun thch hp); c) Trong trng hp khng c kh nng phn tch mu theo ngy th c th tin hnh ly mu theo tun, tc l gp cc mu ngy li trong vng 01 tun hoc cng c th chp nhn ly lin tc trong 01 tun khi m mu c gi nguyn vn (c bo qun lnh hoc thm cc ha cht bo qun thch hp). 5. Lp k hoch quan trc Lp k hoch quan trc cn c vo chng trnh quan trc, bao gm cc ni dung sau: a) Danh sch nhn lc thc hin quan trc v phn cng nhim v cho tng cn b tham gia; b) Danh sch cc t chc, c nhn tham gia, phi hp thc hin quan trc mi trng (nu c); c) Danh mc trang thit b, dng c, ha cht quan trc ti hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim; d) Phng tin, thit b bo h, bo m an ton lao ng cho hot ng quan trc mi trng; 3

) Cc loi mu cn ly, th tch mu v thi gian lu mu; e) Phng php phn tch trong phng th nghim; g) Kinh ph thc hin quan trc mi trng; h) K hoch thc hin bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. iu 6. Thc hin chng trnh quan trc Vic t chc thc hin chng trnh quan trc gm cc cng vic sau: 1. Cng tc chun b Trc khi tin hnh quan trc cn thc hin cng tc chun b nh sau: a) Chun b ti liu, cc bn , s , thng tin chung v khu vc nh ly mu; b) Theo di iu kin kh hu, din bin thi tit; c) Chun b cc dng c, thit b cn thit; kim tra, v sinh v hiu chun cc thit b v dng c ly mu, o, phn tch trc khi ra hin trng; d) Chun b ho cht, vt t, dng c phc v ly mu v bo qun mu; ) Chun b nhn mu, cc biu mu, nht k quan trc v phn tch theo quy nh; e) Chun b cc phng tin phc v hot ng ly mu v vn chuyn mu; g) Chun b cc thit b bo h, bo m an ton lao ng; h) Chun b kinh ph v nhn lc quan trc; i) Chun b c s lu tr cho cc cn b cng tc di ngy; k) Chun b cc ti liu, biu mu c lin quan khc. 2. Ly mu, o v phn tch ti hin trng a) Ly mu nc ma phi tun th tiu chun quc gia TCVN 5997:1995 (tng ng tiu chun cht lng ISO 5667-8:1993) v hng dn ly mu nc ma; b) Ngoi cc thng s o, phn tch ti hin trng, cc thng s pH v EC phi c phn tch cng sm cng tt, ngay ti hin trng hoc ngay sau khi vn chuyn mu v phng th nghim; c) Cng tc bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng ti hin trng thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. 3. Bo qun v vn chuyn mu 3.1. Mu nc ma sau khi ly c bo qun v lu gi theo tiu chun quc gia TCVN 6663-3:2008 (tng ng tiu chun cht lng ISO 56673:2003); 4

3.2. i vi mu nc ma phi lu : a) Bo qun mu - Sau khi o pH v EC, lc mu qua mng lc sch vi kch thc l l 0,45 m, ri chuyn mu vo bnh sch, phn tch ngay sau hoc bo qun trong t lnh nhit 4oC khng qu 28 ngy; - chng li cc qu trnh phn hu sinh hc c th thm mt trong cc cht bo qun sau: cloroform (0,2ml/100ml mu) hoc thymol (40mg/100ml); - Cc chai l ng mu phi sch v c cung cp bi phng th nghim t tiu chun. b) Vn chuyn mu - Mu c t trong thng bo qun lnh v vn chuyn v phng th nghim cng vi ghi chp v cc thng s kh tng lin quan; - Khng c lm nhim bn hoc mu, bnh ng mu phi c ng np kn hoc gi kn trong ti khng b nhim bn hoc tht thot mu trong qu trnh vn chuyn; - Nu mu c ly theo ngy th phi c vn chuyn v phng th nghim trong vng 1-2 tun. Nu mu c ly theo tun th phi c vn chuyn v phng th nghim trong vng mt thng. 4. Phn tch trong phng th nghim a) Cn c vo mc tiu cht lng s liu v iu kin phng th nghim, vic phn tch cc thng s phi tun theo mt trong cc phng php quy nh trong Bng 1 di y: Bng 1. Phng php phn tch cc thng s trong phng th nghim STT 1 pH . 2 EC . Thng s S hiu tiu chun, phng php TCVN 6492:2010; ISO 10523:2008; APHA 4500 H+ EPA 120.1

STT

Thng s

S hiu tiu chun, phng php TCVN 6494-1:2011 (ISO 10304-1:2007); APHA 3500/4500 TCVN 6660: 2000; TCVN 6201(Ca2+, Mg+); TCVN 6196-1:1996 (Na+, K+); APHA 3500/4500

3 SO42-, F-, NO2- , NO3-, Cl-, PO43. 4 NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg+ .

b) Khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia xc nh gi tr ca cc thng s quy nh ti Bng 1 Thng t ny th p dng tiu chun quc t quy nh ti Bng 1 hoc cc tiu chun quc t khc c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn. c) Khi phn tch mu nc ma phi lu : - C th pha long mu nu lng mu l nh v mu c cha hm lng cc cht nhim cao, vt qu gii hn phn tch. Mu pha long khng c s dng o pH v EC; - Trng hp mu c pha long bng nc kh ion th phi o nng cc ion cn phn tch c trong nc kh ion s dng. d) Cng tc bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong phng th nghim thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. 5. X l s liu v bo co 5.1. X l s liu Sau khi phn tch xong mt t mu, phi tnh ton cn bng ion v dn in nh gi cht lng s liu. Nu t s cn bng ion v dn in tnh ton c lch khi cc gi tr cho php phi tin hnh kim tra v phn tch li mu : a) Cn bng anion v cation, t s R1 Tng anion (A), biu din bng n v eq/L, tnh theo cng thc : A = nCAi( mol/L) = [Cl-] + [NO3-] + 2[SO42-] Trong : - n, [CAi ]: l in tch v nng ca ion th i (tnh bng mol/L). Tng cation (C), biu din bng n v eq/L, tnh theo cng thc:
C= nCCi ( mol/L)=10(6-pH) + [Na+] + [NH4+] + [K+] + 2[Mg2+] + 2[Ca2+] (2)

(1)

Trong : - n, [CCi]: l in tch v nng ca ion th i. 6

 T s R1 c tnh theo cng thc: R1 = 100 x (C-A)/(C+A) (3) Kt qu c chp nhn khi gi tr R1 nm trong phm vi cho php nh c trnh by trong Bng 2 di y: Bng 2. Gi tr R1 yu cu (C+A), eq/L <50 50-100 >100 R1(%) < 30 < 15 < 8

b) So snh gi tr tnh ton dn in vi gi tr o c, t s R2 dn in c th tnh ton theo cng thc sau:

ECtt (mS/m)= {349.7 x 10(6-pH) + 80.0 x 2[SO42-] + 71.5[NO3-] + 76.3[Cl-] + 73.5[NH4+] + 50.1[Na+] + 73.5[K+] + 59.8 x 2[Ca2+] + 53.3 x 2[Mg2+]}/1000 (4)

Trong : - [ ]: l nng cc ion, tnh bng mol/L; - Cc tha s ng trc nng ion: l dn in ring ca ion , tnh bng S.cm2/mol 25oC. T s R2 c tnh ton nh sau: R2 = 100 x (ECtt -ECd)/(ECtt + ECd) Trong : - ECtt: l dn in; - ECd: l dn in o bng my o 25oC. Kt qu c chp nhn khi gi tr R2 nm trong phm vi cho php nh c trnh by trong Bng 3 di y: Bng 3. Gi tr R2 yu cu ECd (mS/m) <0.5 0.5-3 >3 R2 < 20 < 13 < 9 (1 mS/m = 10 S/cm) Khi nc ma c gi tr pH > 6, v gi tr R1>0 th phi tnh n s c mt ion bicacbonat (HCO3-) trong cc gi tr R1, R2. Nng HCO3- c tnh ton theo cng thc: 7 (5)

[HCO3-] = [H2CO3] x Ka1/ [H+] Trong : - Ka1: l hng s phn ly bc 1 ca axit cacbonic. Nng CO2 trong khng kh l 360 ppm, Ka1 = 10-6.35, khi ta c: [HCO3-] = [H2CO3] x 10(pH-6.35) = 1.24 x 10(pH-5.35)

(6)

(7)

- Bnh lun v s liu: vic bnh lun s liu phi c thc hin trn c s kt qu quan trc, phn tch x l, kim tra v cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut c lin quan. 5.2. Bo co kt qu Sau khi kt thc chng trnh quan trc, bo co kt qu quan trc phi c lp v gi c quan nh nc c thm quyn theo quy nh. Chng III T CHC THC HIN iu 7. T chc thc hin 1. Tng cc Mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin Thng t ny; 2. B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch U ban nhn dn cc cp v t chc, c nhn c lin quan chu trch nhim thc hin Thng t ny. iu 8. Hiu lc thi hnh 1. Thng t ny c hiu lc k t ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2011. 2. Trong qu trnh thc hin Thng t ny, nu c kh khn, vng mc ngh cc c quan, t chc, c nhn phn nh v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (qua Tng cc Mi trng) kp thi xem xt, gii quyt./.

Ni nhn:
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- S TN&MT cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; - Cc n v thuc mng li quan trc mi trng quc gia; - Cng bo, Cng Thng tin in t Chnh ph; - Lu: VT, KHCN, PC, TCMT (QTMT). 300