B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG S: 31 /2011/TT-BTNMT

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc H Ni, ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2011 THNG T Quy nh quy trnh k thut quan trc mi trng nc bin (bao gm c trm tch y v sinh vt bin) B TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG Cn c Ngh nh s 25/2008/N-CP ngy 04 thng 3 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, c sa i, b sung ti Ngh nh s 19/2010/N-CP ngy 08 thng 3 nm 2010 v Ngh nh s 89/2010/N-CP ngy 16 thng 8 nm 2010; Cn c Ngh nh s 102/2008/N-CP ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2008 ca Chnh ph v vic thu thp, qun l, khai thc v s dng d liu v ti nguyn v mi trng; Cn c Quyt nh s 16/2007/Q-TTg ngy 29 thng 01 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch tng th mng li quan trc ti nguyn v mi trng quc gia n nm 2020; Xt ngh ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Mi trng, V trng V Khoa hc v Cng ngh v V trng V Php ch, QUY NH: Chng I QUY NH CHUNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh Thng t ny quy nh v quy trnh k thut quan trc mi trng nc bin, gm: xc nh mc tiu quan trc, thit k chng trnh quan trc v thc hin chng trnh quan trc. iu 2. i tng p dng 1. Thng t ny p dng vi cc i tng sau: a) Cc c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng Trung ng v a phng; cc trm, trung tm quan trc mi trng thuc mng li quan trc mi trng quc gia v mng li quan trc mi trng a phng;

b) Cc t chc c chc nng, nhim v v hot ng quan trc mi trng, hot ng dch v quan trc mi trng giao np bo co, s liu cho c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng Trung ng v a phng; 2. Thng t ny khng p dng cho hot ng quan trc mi trng nc bin bng cc thit b t ng, lin tc. iu 3. Nguyn tc p dng cc tiu chun, phng php vin dn 1. Vic p dng cc tiu chun, phng php vin dn phi tun th theo cc tiu chun, phng php quan trc v phn tch c quy nh ti Chng II ca Thng t ny; 2. Trng hp cc tiu chun, phng php quan trc v phn tch quy nh ti Chng II ca Thng t ny sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo tiu chun, phng php mi. Chng II QUY TRNH K THUT QUAN TRC MI TRNG NC BIN iu 4. Mc tiu quan trc Cc mc tiu c bn trong quan trc mi trng nc bin l: 1. nh gi c hin trng cht lng nc bin; 2. Xc nh c xu th din bin cht lng nc bin theo khng gian v thi gian; 3. Kp thi pht hin v cnh bo cc trng hp nhim nc bin, cc s c nhim nc bin; 4. Theo cc yu cu khc ca cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng quc gia, khu vc, a phng. iu 5. Thit k chng trnh quan trc Chng trnh quan trc sau khi thit k phi c cp c thm quyn hoc c quan qun l chng trnh quan trc ph duyt hoc chp thun bng vn bn. Vic thit k chng trnh quan trc mi trng nc bin c th nh sau: 1. Kiu quan trc Cn c vo mc tiu quan trc, khi thit k chng trnh quan trc phi xc nh kiu quan trc l quan trc mi trng nn hay quan trc mi trng tc ng. 2. a im v v tr quan trc Vic xc nh v tr quan trc ph thuc vo iu kin c th ca mi v tr quan trc v da vo cc yu cu sau: a) im quan trc phi l ni c iu kin thun li cho vic tch t cc cht nhim ca khu vc cn quan trc; 2

b) S lng im quan trc ph thuc vo iu kin kinh t v tc tng trng ca quc gia, khu vc, a phng nhng phi bo m i din ca c vng bin hoc c trng cho mt vng sinh thi c gi tr; c) Cc im quan trc mi trng nc bin, quan trc trm tch y v sinh vt bin phi b tr kt hp cng vi nhau; d) i vi nc bin xa b, im quan trc l ni chu nh hng t cc hot ng kinh t v quc phng nh: thm d khai thc du kh, khong sn bin, giao thng vn ti bin, nh bt thu sn Cc im quan trc thng c thit k theo cc mt ct vi nhiu im o. 3. Thng s quan trc 3.1. i vi mi trng nc bin Cn c vo mc tiu ca chng trnh quan trc, loi ngun nc, mc ch s dng, ngun nhim hay ngun tip nhn m quan trc cc thng s sau: a) Thng s khi tng hi vn, bao gm: - Gi: tc gi, hng gi; - Sng: kiu hoc dng sng, hng, cao; - Dng chy tng mt: hng v vn tc; - trong sut, mu nc; - Nhit khng kh, m, p sut kh quyn; - Trng thi mt bin. b) Thng s o, phn tch ti hin trng: nhit (to), mui, trong sut, c, tng cht rn ho tan (TDS), tng cht rn l lng (TSS), pH, hm lng oxi ho tan (DO), dn in (EC); c) Thng s khc: nhu cu oxy hoa hc (COD), nhu cu oxy sinh ha (BOD5), photphat (PO43-), florua (F-), sunfua (S2-), ioxit silic (SiO2), amoni (NH4+), nitrit (NO2-), nitrat (NO3-), tng N (T-N), tng P (T-P), du, m, cht dip lc (chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, chlorophyll-c), ha cht bo v thc vt, st (Fe), ng (Cu), ch (Pb), km (Zn), cacdimi (Cd), mangan (Mn), thu ngn (Hg), asen (As), xianua (CN-), phenol, tng coliform, fecal coliform, thc vt ni, ng vt ni, ng vt y; c) i vi vng bin xa b, cc thng s sau khng c quan trc: ha cht bo v thc vt, tng coliform, fecal coliform, COD, BOD5, sinh vt y v trm tch y. 3.2. i vi trm tch y (ch quy nh cho vng bin ven b) a) Nhng b thng s t nhin ca mi trng - Thnh phn c hc ca trm tch: thnh phn c hc phi xc nh theo 2 phn cp ht: >0,063 mm v <0,063 mm; 3

- Nhit , m, pH v th oxi ha kh (Eh hoc ORP); - Mu sc, mi. b) Nhng b thng s gy nhim mi trng do con ngi - Cc hp cht cacbua hydro a vng thm (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAHs) phi quan trc gm: naphthalen, acenaphthylen, acenaphthen, fluoren, phenanthren, athracen, fluroanthen, pyren, benzo[a] anthracen, chryren, benzo[e]pyren, debenzo[a,h]anthracen; - Ha cht bo v thc vt clo hu c (Organochlorilated pesticides). Cc hp cht phi quan trc bao gm Lindan, 4,4-DDE, Diedrine, 4,4-DDD, 4,4DDT, tng DDT v Clordan; - Du, m; - Cc hp cht v c; - Cc kim loi nng trong trm tch bao gm crom (Cr), niken (Ni), asen (As), cacdimi (Cd), ng (Cu), thy ngn (Hg), ch (Pb) v km (Zn); - Xianua (CN-). 3.3. i vi sinh vt bin (ch quy nh cho vng bin ven b) a) Chn cc nhm sinh vt quan trc phi nhy cm vi s bin i ca mi trng xung quanh v c cc bin php ly mu v bo qun mu phi d dng, n gin nhng cho chnh xc cao. b) Thng s quan trc sinh vt bao gm 3 thng s chnh di y: - Thnh phn loi; - Mt : tnh theo con/m2 i vi ng vt y; con/m3 i vi ng vt ph du; t bo/lt i vi thc vt ph du; - Sinh lng: tnh theo mg/m2 i vi ng vt y; mg/m3 i vi ng vt ph du kh v mg/lt cho thc vt ph du. 4. Thi gian v tn sut quan trc a) Thi im quan trc - i vi vng bin ven b: trong mt t quan trc, mu nc v sinh vt bin c ly vo thi im chn triu v nh triu ca mt k triu c bin ln nht thuc k nc cng, mu trm tch y v sinh vt y ly vo thi im chn triu. - i vi vng bin xa b: ly mu 01 ln ti v tr im o. b) Tn sut quan trc - Nn nc bin: ti thiu 02 ln/nm; - Mi trng nc bin ven b: ti thiu 01 ln/qu; 4

- Mi trng nc bin xa b: ti thiu 02 ln/1 nm. 5. Lp k hoch quan trc Lp k hoch quan trc cn c vo chng trnh quan trc, bao gm cc ni dung sau: a) Danh sch nhn lc thc hin quan trc v phn cng nhim v cho tng cn b tham gia; b) Danh sch cc t chc, c nhn tham gia, phi hp thc hin quan trc mi trng (nu c); c) Danh mc trang thit b, dng c, ha cht quan trc ti hin trng v phn tch trong phng th nghim; d) Phng tin, thit b bo h, bo m an ton lao ng cho hot ng quan trc mi trng; ) Cc loi mu cn ly, th tch mu v thi gian lu mu; e) Phng php phn tch trong phng th nghim; g) Kinh ph thc hin quan trc mi trng; h) K hoch thc hin bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. iu 6. Thc hin chng trnh quan trc Vic t chc thc hin chng trnh quan trc gm cc cng vic sau: 1. Cng tc chun b Trc khi tin hnh quan trc cn thc hin cng tc chun b nh sau: a) Chun b ti liu, cc bn , s , thng tin chung v khu vc nh ly mu; b) Theo di iu kin kh hu, din bin thi tit; c) Chun b cc dng c, thit b cn thit; kim tra, v sinh v hiu chun cc thit b v dng c ly mu, o, phn tch trc khi ra hin trng; d) Chun b ho cht, vt t, dng c phc v ly mu v bo qun mu; ) Chun b nhn mu, cc biu mu, nht k quan trc v phn tch theo quy nh; e) Chun b cc phng tin phc v hot ng ly mu v vn chuyn mu; g) Chun b cc thit b bo h, bo m an ton lao ng; h) Chun b kinh ph v nhn lc quan trc; i) Chun b c s lu tr cho cc cn b cng tc di ngy; k) Chun b cc ti liu, biu mu c lin quan khc. 5

2. Ly mu, o v phn tch ti hin trng a) Phng php ly mu nc bin - Vic o c, ly mu nc bin phi tun theo mt trong cc phng php quy nh ti Bng 1 di y: Bng 1. Phng php ly mu nc bin ti hin trng STT 1 Loi mu Mu nc bin S hiu tiu chun, phng php TCVN 5998: 1995; ISO 5667-9: 1992; ISO 5667- 1 2 3 Mu trm tch Mu sinh vt bin ISO 5667-19: 2004 APHA 10200

- Khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia v phng php ly mu nc bin ti Bng 1 Thng t ny th p dng tiu chun quc t quy nh ti Bng 1 hoc p dng tiu chun quc t khc c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn. b) o, phn tch cc thng s mi trng nc bin ti hin trng - Cc phng php o, phn tch cc thng s quan trc mi trng nc bin ti hin trng c quy nh ti Bng 2 di y : Bng 2. Phng php o, phn tch cc thng s ti hin trng STT 1 to Thng s S hiu tiu chun, phng php APHA 2550 B; My o 2 mui APHA 2520 B,C,D; My o 3 pH TCVN 6492:2010; EPA 9040; ISO 10523:2008; My o 4 DO NS-ISO 5814; ISO 5418:1990; 6

STT

Thng s

S hiu tiu chun, phng php My o

5 6

trong sut c

o bng a trng (secchi) TCVN 6184:2008; (ISO 7027:1990(E)); APHA 2130B; My o

TSS

TCVN 6625:2000; APHA 2540 (A-G); ISO 11923:1997

TDS

TCVN 6053:2011 (ISO 9696:2007); My o

Cc thng s kh tng hi vn

Theo cc hng dn s dng thit b quan trc kh tng ca cc hng sn xut.

c) Cng tc bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng ti hin trng thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. 3. Bo qun v vn chuyn mu a) Mu nc bin Mu nc bin sau khi ly c bo qun v lu gi theo tiu chun quc gia TCVN 6663-3:2008 (tng ng tiu chun cht lng ISO 5667-3:2003). b) Mu trm tch - Cc mu phn tch kh hydrosunphua (H2S), metan (CH4) c ly trc tin, ng trong cc chai thy tinh cha y kh CO2 v bo qun lnh nhit 3-4oC, phn tch trong thi gian 5-7 ngy k t khi ly mu; - Cc mu phn tch cacbuahdrydro vng thm (PAHs), thuc tr su clo hu c, tng cacbon hu c (TOC), du, m c ng trong chai thy tinh 150250ml v bo qun lnh nhit 3-4oC, phn tch trong thi gian 14 ngy k t khi ly mu;

- Cc mu phn tch kim loi nng, cp ht, tng dinh dng T-N, T-P c ng trong ti nilon sch th tch 250 ml, bo qun trong bng ti, ni thong mt v phn tch trong thi gian 4-6 tun k t khi ly mu; - Cc mu phn tch cc cht dinh dng (NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-) c bo qun lnh nhit 3 - 4oC, ng trong ti nilon sch v phn tch trong thi gian 7 ngy k t khi ly mu; c) Mu sinh vt ph du S dng dung dch formalin 5%: pha 95% nc bin vi 5% formalin c. Trong mt s trng hp trnh s n mn v ng vt ph du, phi kim ho dung dch formalin vi sodium borat hoc carbonat sodium (Na2CO3). 4. Phn tch trong phng th nghim a) Cn c vo mc tiu cht lng s liu v iu kin phng th nghim, vic phn tch cc thng s phi tun theo mt trong cc phng php quy nh ti Bng 3 di y: Bng 3. Phng php phn tch cc thng s trong phng th nghim TT 1 DO Thng s S hiu tiu chun, phng php
TCVN 7324:2004 (ISO 5813:1983);

APHA 4500; 2 COD theo KMnO4 APHA 5220; TCVN 4566:1988 3 BOD5 TCVN 6001-1:2008 (ISO 5815-1:2003); TCVN 6001-2:2008 (ISO 5815-2:2003); APHA-5210B 4 PO43TCVN 6202:2008 (ISO 6878:2004); APHA-4500P E 5 6 SiO2 NH4+ APHA 4500-Si.E TCVN 5988:1995; APHA 4500-N; ISO 6878; 7 NO2TCVN 6178:1996; APHA 4500; ISO 6777:1984(E); 8

TT 8 NO3-

Thng s

S hiu tiu chun, phng php TCVN 6180:1996 (ISO 7890:1988); APHA 4500N;

T-N

APHA 4500N M 109021

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T-P

TCVN 6202:1996; APHA 4500P; ISO 15681-1;

11 12 13 14 15 16

Du, m Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll c

US EPA 413.2 10200 APHA, 1995 10200 APHA, 1995 10200 APHA, 1995

Ha cht bo v EPA508 thc vt clo hu c Ha cht bo v EPA8081A; thc vt clo hu c EPA508 trong mu trm tch Cu, Pb, Zn TCVN 6193:1996 (ISO 8288:1986); EPA 6010B;

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20

Cd

TCVN 6197:2008 (ISO 5961:1994); EPA 6010B

21

Hg

TCVN 7877:2008 (ISO 5666:1999); TCVN 7724:2007 (ISO 17852:2006); EPA7470A; EPA 6010B

22

As

TCVN 6626:2000 (ISO 11969:1996); EPA 6010B

23

CN-

TCVN 6181:1996 (ISO 6703:1984); 9

TT 24

Thng s Tng coliform

S hiu tiu chun, phng php APHA 9222

b) Khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia xc nh gi tr ca cc thng s quy nh ti Bng 3 Thng t ny th p dng tiu chun quc t quy nh ti Bng 3 hoc cc tiu chun quc t khc c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn; c) Cng tc bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong phng th nghim thc hin theo cc vn bn, quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v hng dn bo m cht lng v kim sot cht lng trong quan trc mi trng. 5. X l s liu v bo co a) X l s liu - Kim tra s liu: kim tra tng hp v tnh hp l ca s liu quan trc v phn tch mi trng. Vic kim tra da trn h s ca mu (bin bn, nht k ly mu ti hin trng, bin bn giao nhn mu, bin bn kt qu o, phn tch ti hin trng, biu ghi kt qu phn tch trong phng th nghim,) s liu ca mu QC (mu trng, mu lp, mu chun,); - X l thng k: cn c theo lng mu v ni dung ca bo co, vic x l thng k c th s dng cc phng php v cc phn mm khc nhau nhng phi c cc thng k miu t ti thiu (gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht, gi tr trung bnh, s gi tr vt chun...); - Bnh lun v s liu: vic bnh lun s liu phi c thc hin trn c s kt qu quan trc, phn tch x l, kim tra v cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut c lin quan. b) Bo co kt qu Sau khi kt thc chng trnh quan trc, bo co kt qu quan trc phi c lp v gi c quan nh nc c thm quyn theo quy nh. Chng III T CHC THC HIN iu 7. T chc thc hin 1. Tng cc Mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim tra, gim st vic thc hin Thng t ny;

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2. B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch U ban nhn dn cc cp v t chc, c nhn c lin quan chu trch nhim thc hin Thng t ny. iu 8. Hiu lc thi hnh 1. Thng t ny c hiu lc k t ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2011. 2. Trong qu trnh thc hin Thng t ny, nu c kh khn, vng mc ngh cc c quan, t chc, c nhn phn nh v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (qua Tng cc Mi trng) kp thi xem xt, gii quyt./.

Ni nhn:
- Th tng Chnh ph v cc Ph Th tng Chnh ph; - Vn phng Quc hi; - Vn phng Ch tch nc; - Vn phng Chnh ph; - Vn phng Trung ng v cc Ban ca ng; - Ta n nhn dn ti cao; - Vin Kim st nhn dn ti cao; - Cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc Chnh ph; - Kim ton Nh nc; - y ban Trung ng Mt trn T quc Vit Nam; - C quan Trung ng ca cc on th; - HND, UBND cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; - Cc kim tra vn bn QPPL (B T php); - Cc Th trng B TN&MT; - Cc n v trc thuc B TN&MT, Website ca B; - S TN&MT cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng; - Cng bo, Cng Thng tin in t Chnh ph; - Lu: VT, KHCN, PC, TCMT (QTMT). 300

KT. B TRNG TH TRNG

Bi Cch Tuyn

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