Trng THPT c Hu.

Ti liu n thi HKI ha hc 11 c bn

N TP HC K I HA HC 11 CHNG TRNH CHUN.

Chng 1: S in li
1. Hidroxit lng tnh - Cc hidroxit lng tnh thng gp :Zn(OH)2,Al(OH)3,Pb(OH)2 ,Sn(OH)2 ; Be(OH)2; Cr(OH)3. V d : Zn(OH)2 c 2 kiu phn li ty iu kin: Phn li kiu baz: Zn(OH)2 Zn2+ + 2OHPhn ly kiu axit : Zn(OH)2 ZnO22- + 2H+

C th vit Zn(OH)2 di dng H2ZnO2 2. ngha tch s ion ca nc : a) Mi trng axit: [H+] > [OH] hay [H+] > 107M b) Mi trng kim: [H+] < [OH] hay [H+] < 107M c) Mi trng trung tnh: [H+] = [OH] = 107M 3. Khi nim v pH Cht ch th mu Nu [H+] =10a th pH = a 1014 [OH ] 4. iu kin xy ra phn ng trong dung dch cc cht in li - Phn ng xy ra trong dung dch cc cht in li l phn ng gia cc ion. - Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cc cht in li ch xy ra khi cc ion kt hp c vi nhau to thnh t nht mt trong cc cht sau: Cht kt ta , cht kh hay cht in li yu. Bi tp: Cu 1: 1. Tnh pH ca dung dch: a) Dung dch HCl c nng 0,001M. ; b) Dung dch NaOH c nng 0,01M. c). Ho tan 3,42 (g) Ba(OH)2 vo 2 lt nc. 2. Pha long 100ml dung dich c pH = 13 thnh Vml dung dch c pH = 11. Tnh V v th tch nc cn thm vo? Cu 2: Cho cc cht: CaCl2, NaNO3, Ba(OH)2, AgNO3, Zn(OH) 2 ; Fe(OH)3, HClO, HNO2, HCl, H 2SO4 ; C12 H 22O11 , C6 H12O6 , ancol etylic, Al(OH)3 ; Pb(OH)2 ; CH3COOH. Xc nh cht in li mnh, yu v cht khng in li? cht no l axit, bazo, hidroxit lng tnh? Gii thch? vit pt in li ?. Cu 3. Chng minh tnh lng tnh ca Zn(OH)2 v Al(OH)3. Cu 4: Vit cc PTP xy ra (nu c) dng phn t v ion thu gn gia cc cht a. NaOH + FeCl3 e. KOH + NaCl k.Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4. b. Na2CO3 + BaCl2 g. BaCO3 + HCl n. NaNO3 + KOH c. KOH + NH4Cl h. MgCl2 + AgNO3 m. Na2CO3 + HNO3 HCl, H 2SO4 ; d. Ba(HCO3)2 + NaOH i. NaCl + K2CO3 ... Cu 5: Hy: a. Tnh nng cc ion. b. Tnh pH dung dch. ca mi dung dch thu c sau khi: 1.Trn 200ml dung dch NaOH 0,03M vi 200ml dung dch HCl 0,01M 2.Trn 40ml dung dch HCl 0,005M vi 10ml dung dch H 2SO4 0,015M. V mt ton hc pH = lg [H+] ; [H + ] = 3. Trn 40ml dung dch NaOH 0,005M vi10ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,015M. 4. Trn 100ml dung dch HCl 0,05M vi100ml dung dch NaOH 0,03M. 5.Trn 100ml dung dch HCl 0,003M vi100ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,0025M. Cu 6. Vit phng trnh phn t, ion y v rt ghon trong cc trng hp sau: a). Cho bt st tc dng vi HNO3 long hoc H2SO4 c, nng. b). Cho CH3COONa tc dng vi HCl hoc H2SO4 long. c). Cho CaCO3 rn tc dng vi HCl. d). Nh t t dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch Al(OH)3. GV Son: Bi Minh Trit T Ha Hc. Trang - 1 -

Trng THPT c Hu. e). Nh dung dch H2SO4 long vo bt rn FeS

Ti liu n thi HKI ha hc 11 c bn

Chng 2: Nit Photpho.

Ton H3PO4 tc dng vi KOH hoc NaOH H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4 + H2O H3PO4 + 2NaOH Na2HPO4 + 2H2O H3PO4 + 3NaOH Na3PO4 + 3H2O Tng qut: Khi cho KOH hoc NaOH tc dng vi H3PO4 th ta c t s v s mol nh sau: nKOH , NaOH = k Nu: nH3 PO 4 k 1 sn phm to thnh mui NaH2PO4 1 < k < 2 sn phm to thnh mui NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4 k = 2 sn phm to thnh mui Na2HPO4 2 < k < 3 sn phm to thnh mui Na2HPO4 v Na3PO4 k 3 sn phm to thnh mui Na3PO4 Bi 1: Hon thnh chui phn ng sau v ghi r iu kin phn ng (nu c) 1. NH4Cl NH3 N2 NO2 HNO3 NaNO3 NaNO2 2. NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 Cu(NO3)2 CuO Cu CuCl2 Cu(NO3)2 3 4 5 Fe(OH)3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe2O3 Fe(NO3)3

1 7 8 9 10 3. (NH4)2CO3 NH3 6 NO NO2 HNO3 Al(NO3)3 Al2O3

12 13 14 HCl NH4Cl NH3 NH4HSO4 (1) (3) (4) (5) (6) 4. NH3 N2 Mg3N2 NH3 NH4NO3 N2O (2) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) 5. HCl NH4Cl NH4NO3 NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 (15) (16) Cu(NO3)2 CuO N2

Bi 2. T qung CaCO3, P, S, nc, NH3 v cc iu kin cn thit. Vit phng trnh phn ng ha hc iu ch phn: supe photphat n; supe photphat kp; amoni nitrat, canxi nitrat, amoni sunfat, amophot, ure. Bi 3: Bng phng php ha hc nhn bit cc cht trong cc l mt nhn sau, Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng c dng nhn bit. a. Cc dung dch: NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3, K2SO4, K3PO4 b. Cc dung dch: Na2CO3, MgCl2, NaCl, Na2SO4 c. Cc dung dch: (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, FeSO4, MgCl2 d. Cc dung dch : Na3PO4, NaCl, Na2S, NaNO3 e. Cc dung dch: HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, CaCl2 ( ch dng qu tm) f.Cc dung dch : (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, Na2SO4, NaNO3 (dng 1 ha cht). Bi 4. Ho tan ht 2,52gam Ag bng axt HNO3 21% (D=1,2 g/ml) thu c kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Tnh th tch dd HNO3 cn cho phn ng trn Bi 5. Ho tan ht 12gam hp kim Fe v Cu bng dd HNO3 c , nng c 11,2 lt kh NO2(ktc). Tnh %m Fe trong hp kim. Bi 6. Cho 200 ml dd H3PO4 1,5M tc dng vi 250 ml dd NaOH 2M. Sau phn ng mui thu c mui g? Tnh CM mi mui thu c. Bi 7. Rt dd cha 11,76 g H3PO4 vo dd cha 16,8 gam KOH. Sau phn ng cho dd bay hi n kh. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c. Bi 8. Cho 500ml dd c cha 21,84 g KOH v 10,65 g P2O5 . Hy tnh nng mol/l ca cc mui trong dd thu c. Bi 9 Cho 300ml dd HPO 0,2M tc dng vi 200(ml) dd NaOH 0,25M. Tnh nng mol/l ca cc cht c trong dd sau phn ng ( Gi s th tch thay i khng ng k). Bi 10. Cho 200(g) dd NaOH 22% vo 100 (g) dd HPO 39,2%. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh. GV Son: Bi Minh Trit T Ha Hc. Trang - 2 -

Trng THPT c Hu. Ti liu n thi HKI ha hc 11 c bn Bi 11. Cho 100 ml dd axit HPO 1M vo 200ml dd KOH 2M. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh.

Chng 3: Cacbon - Silic

Ch cc hin tng Khi sc kh CO2 vo dng dch nc vi trong: u tin xut hin kt ta trng: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H 2O Nu CO2 d th CaCO3 tan c trong nc c CO2 : CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 Thy tinh b n mn bi HF (dng khc thy tinh): SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O H2SiO3 l axit rt yu, yu hn H2CO3 : Na2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + H2SiO3 Na2SiO3 + 2 HCl 2 NaCl + H2SiO3 Cu 1. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dd NaOH thu c 17,9 gam mui. Tnh nng mol/l dd NaOH. Cu 2. Cho hp th hon ton 1,12 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 100ml dd NaOH 0,75M. a). Tnh khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng. b). Tnh CM cc mui trong dd. ( Th tch thay i khng ng k) Cu 3. Nu hin tng v vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra khi: a). Sc t t kh CO2 d vo dung dch nc vi trong. b). Nh dung dch HCl vo mui Na2SiO3. c). Cho kh CO d tc dng vi CuO un nng nhit cao. d). un nng dung dch Canxi hidroxit. e). Nh dung dch HF ln thy tinh. f). Nh dung dch HCl vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2. g). Nh dung dch Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch Ba(HCO3)2. h). Nh dung dch NaOH c vo trong ct trng. Cu 4. Phn bit cc cht sau: a). Kh CO2; SO2; N2. b). Kh CO2; H2; O2; NO2. c). Kh HCl; CO2; NH3; N2. d). dung dch : Na2CO3; Na2SiO3; NaNO3; Na3PO4. e). dung dch : NaCl; NaHCO3; K3PO4; NH4Cl, NH4NO3.

Chng 4: i cng hu c.
1 . Cch vit ng phn cu to cc hp cht hu c: + Tnh bt bo ha cng thc phn t hp cht hu c l CxHyOzNt th : = 2x + 2 + t y 2

+ Vit mch cacbon di nht c cha nhiu C nht. + Vit ng phn nhm chc: in lin kt i, lin kt ba, cc nhm chc vo cng thc cu to. i vi cc cht trong cng thc phn t CxHy Nu = 0 th l ng phn ankan ( ch c lin kt n) Nu = 1 th l ng phn anken ( c 1 lin kt i). Nu = 2 th c ng phn ankin (c lin kt 3) v ankadien (c 2 lin kt i) Nu = 4 th c ng phn ankyl benzen (c cha vng benzen). i vi cc cht trong cng thc phn t CxHyOz Nu c cha 1 nguyn t O v = 0 th c nhm chc ancol ( -OH) hoc ete ( -CO C-) Nu c cha 1 nguyn t O v = 1 th c nhm chc andehit (-CHO) hoc xeton(-CO-) Nu c cha 2 nguyn t O v = 1 th c nhm chc axit (-COOH) hoc este (-COO-). i vi cht trong cng thc phn t c cha 1 nguyn t CxHyNt v = 0 th c cha nhm amin ta vit ln lt amin bc 1: R-NH2; amin bc 2: R1 NH R2 ; amin bc ba: (R)3N. + Vit ng phn v tr nhm chc: di chuyn v tr lin kt i, lin kt ba hoc cc nhm chc. + Vit ng phn mch cacbon: ct ln lt 1C ri n 2C.(lm cho mch cacbon ngn li). Ta di chuyn C va ct ra trn mch cacbon cn li. GV Son: Bi Minh Trit T Ha Hc. Trang - 3 -

Trng THPT c Hu. Ti liu n thi HKI ha hc 11 c bn + in hidro vo trong cng thc cu to theo nguyn tc C c ha tr 4.

2. Cch gii ton lp cng thc phn t:

Ch : Nu dn sn phm ca phn ng t chy qua: + Bnh ng dung dch H2SO4 c; CaCl2khan; CuSO4 khan khi lng bnh tng l khi lng ca H2O + Bnh ng dung dch KOH hoc Ca(OH)2 th khi lng bnh tng l khi lng ca CO2. I. XC NH THNH PHN NGUYN T (m, %) Xc nh khi lng cc nguyn t c trong mA gam hp cht: VCO2 ( dktc ) mH O 3 mC = .mCO2 hay mC = .12 mH = 2 . = 2.nH 2O ( g ) 11 22, 4 9 VN2 mO = m A ( mC + mH + mN ) mN = .28 ( g ) 22, 4 II. XC NH KHI LNG PHN T CA CHT HU C (MA) 1. Trng hp cho t khi hi: M M d A / B = A M A = M B .d A / B d A / kk = A M A = 29.d A / kk MB M kk 2. Trng hp cho th tch phn t gam: Th tch hi (hoc ha hi) mA gam hp cht hu c A th thu c th tch bng th tch ca mX gam cht X cng iu kin ( X c th l: O2; CH4; NH3; N2; CO2..) th ta c: m m nA = nX = X M A = A MX nA III. XC NH CNG THC PHN T (CxHyOzNt) 1. Da vo cng thc GN m xc nh m m m m x: y : z :t = C : H : O : N 12 1 16 14 2. Da vo thnh phn nguyn t m xc nh M A 12 x y 16 z 14t = = = = mA mC mH mO mN Bi tp p dng
%C % H %O % N : : : 12 1 16 14

x: y : z :t =

M A 12x y 16z 14t = = = = 100% %C % H %O % N

Cu 1. Vit ng phn cu to ca cc cht c cng thc phn t sau: C4H10; C4H8; C8H10; C4H10O; C3H6O; C3H6O2; C4H11N; C4H6; C5H12.; C3H7N. Cu 2. t chy hon ton 10g cht hu c, thu c 33,85g CO2 v 6,96g H2O. T khi cht hu c so vi
khng kh l 2,69. Xc nh cng thc phn t. S : C6H6. Cu 3. t chy hon ton 2,46 gam cht hu c (A) thu c 5,28 gam CO2, 0,9 gam H2O v 224ml N2 (o ktc). T khi hi ca (A) so vi khng kh l 4, 24. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (A). Cu 4: t chy hon ton 0,9g cht hu c c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O ngi ta thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,54g H2O, khi lng phn t cht l 180. Xc nh cng thc phn t. S : C6H12O6 Cu 5. Hp cht X c % khi lng C, H v O ln lt l 54,54%, 8,1% v 36,36%. Khi lng phn t ca X l 88g/mol. Lp cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 6. Ha hi 0,15 gam cht hu c X th thu c th tch bng th tch ca 0,04 gam CH4 cng iu kin. Mt khc khi t chy 0,15 gam cht hu c X thu c 0,22 gam CO2; 0,18 gam H2O v 56ml N2 (ktc). Tm cng thc phn t ca X. Cu 7. t chy hon ton 0,3 gam cht A (phn t ch cha C, H, O) thu c 0,44 gam kh CO2 v 0,18 gam nc. Th tch hi ca 0,3 gam cht A bng th tch ca 0,16 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin). Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht A. Cu 8. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hp cht hu c (D) cn va 14,4 gam oxi, thy sinh ra 13,2 gam CO2 v 7,2 gam nc. Tm phn t khi cu (D) v Xc nh cng thc phn t ca (D).

GV Son: Bi Minh Trit T Ha Hc.

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