Mc lc

bi 1
Li ni u 2
Chng I Gii thiu v ng c in mt chiu
I.1 t vn
I.2 Tng quan v ng c in mt chiu.
I.2.1 Gii thiu mt s loi ng c in mt chiu
I.2.2 ng c in kch thch c lp
I.3 Cc vn khc khi iu khin ng c in mt chiu.
I.3.1 Cc gc phn t lm vic
I.3.2 Cc ch lm vic ca C 1 chiu kch t c lp
I.3.3 Vn d ph ti
4

Chng II Mch bm xung
II.1 Gii thiu v bm xung mt chiu (BXDC)
II.1.1 Phng php thay i rng xung
II.1.2 Phng php thay i tn s xung
II.1.3 Nhn xt
II.2 Cc s bm xung
II.2.1 S gim p (Step-down (Buck))
II.2.2 Bin i tng p (step-up (boost))
II.2.3 S bm o cc (Step-down/up (buck-boost))
II.2.4 B o dng
II.2.5 B o p
II.2.6 B Chopper lp E
1. S nguyn l
2. Cc phng php iu khin
II.3 Kt lun
II.3.1 Chn mch lc
II.3.2 Chn phng php iu khin
II.3.3 Chn van bn dn
16
Chng
III
Thit k mch lc
III.1. Tnh ton chn van
III.1.1 Chn Diode cng sut
III.1.2 Chn cc van bn dn
39
Chng
IV
Thit k mch iu khin
IV.1. Yu cu chung ca mch iu khin
IV.2. Nguyn l ca mch iu khin

50
Chng
V
M phng trn my tnh


2
bi: Thit k b bm xung mt chiu c o chiu (theo nguyn tc i
xng) iu chnh tc ng c mt chiu (kch t nam chm vnh cu) vi
s liu cho trc:









Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Huyn

Nhm n TCS 5 Lp TH2 K48

Li ni u


ng dng in t cng sut trong truyn ng in iu khin tc
ng c in l lnh vc quan trng v ngy cng pht trin. Cc nh sn xut
khng ngng cho ra i cc sn phm v cng ngh mi v cc phn t bn dn
cng sut v cc thit b iu khin i km. Do khi thc hin n chng em
c gng cp nht nhng kin thc mi nht, nhng cng ngh mi trong lnh
vc iu khin cc phn t bn dn cng sut. Vi yu cu thit k mch bm
xung mt chiu iu khin ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp c yu
cu o chiu quay theo nguyn tc i xng , chng em c gng tm hiu k
v cc phng n cng ngh sao cho bn thit k va m bo yu cu k thut,
yu cu kinh t . Vi hy vng n in t cng sut ny l mt bn thit k
k thut c th p dng c trong thc t nn chng em c gng m t c
th, t m v tnh ton c th cc thng s ca cc s mch.

Mc d chng em rt n lc v c gng lm vic vi tinh thn hc hi
v quyt tm cao nht tuy nhin y l ln u tin chng em lm n, v
c bit do trnh hiu bit ca chng em cn nhiu hn ch nn chng em
Phng
n
in p
li (VAC)
Dng in nh
mc
in p phn
ng
Phm vi iu
chnh tc
1 110 20 120 10:1
2 220 8 220 15:1
3 380 15 100 20:1
4 127 V 6 A 400 V 25:1
5 300 10 600 15:1

3
khng th trnh khi nhng sai st, chng em mong nhn c s ph bnh gp
ca cc thy gip chng em hiu r hn cc vn trong n cng nh
nhng ng dng thc t ca n bn n ca chng em c hon thin hn
.V chng em hi vng trong mt tng lai khng xa, chng em c th p dng
nhng kin thc v hiu bit thu c t chnh n u tin trong cuc i
sinh vin ca chng em vo thc t cng nh s pht trin hn n trong cc
n sau ny.
Trong qu trnh lm n chng em nhn c s gip v ch bo
rt tn tnh ca thy gio Dng Vn Nghi .Chng em xin chn thnh cm n
thy v hi vng thy s gip chng em nhiu hn na trong vic hc tp ca
chng em sau ny.
Nhm sinh vin thc hin.











Chng I
Gii thiu v ng c in mt chiu

I.1 t vn
Cng vi s pht trin ngy cng mnh m ca cc ngnh cng nghip c
v chiu rng ln chiu su,in v cc my in ng mt vai tr rt quan
trng , khng th thiu c trong phn ln cc ngnh cng nghip v i sng
sinh hot ca con ngi. N lun i trc mt bc lm tin nhng cng l
mi nhn quyt nh s thnh cng ca c mt h thng sn xut cng nghip.
Khng mt quc gia no, mt nn sn xut no khng s dng in v my
in.
Do tnh u vit ca h thng in xoay chiu: d sn xut, d truyn ti...,
c my pht v ng c in xoay chiu u c cu to n gin v cng sut
ln, d vn hnh... m my in (ng c in) xoay chiu ngy cng c s
dng rng ri v ph bin. Tuy nhin ng c in mt chiu vn gi mt v tr
nht nh nh trong cng nghip giao thng vn ti, v ni chung cc thit b
cn iu khin tc quay lin tc trong phm vi rng (nh trong my cn thp,
my cng c ln, u my in...). Mc d so vi ng c khng ng b
ch to ng c in mt chiu cng c th gi thnh t hn do s dng nhiu
kim loi mu hn, ch to bo qun c gp phc tp hn ... nhng do nhng u

4
im ca n m my in mt chiu vn khng th thiu trong nn sn xut hin
i.
u im ca ng c in mt chiu l c th dng lm ng c in hay
my pht in trong nhng iu kin lm vic khc nhau. Song u im ln nht
ca ng c in mt chiu l iu chnh tc v kh nng qu ti. Nu nh
bn thn ng c khng ng b khng th p ng c hoc nu p ng
c th phi chi ph cc thit b bin i i km (nh b bin tn....) rt t tin
th ng c in mt chiu khng nhng c th iu chnh rng v chnh xc m
cu trc mch lc, mch iu khin n gin hn ng thi li t cht lng
cao.
Ngy nay hiu sut ca ng c in mt chiu cng sut nh khong
75% 85%, ng c in cng sut trung bnh v ln khong 85% 94%
.Cng sut ln nht ca ng c in mt chiu vo khong 100000kw in p
vo khong vi trm cho n 1000v. Hng pht trin l ci tin tnh nng vt
liu, nng cao ch tiu kinh t ca ng c v ch to nhng my cng sut ln
hn l c mt vn rng ln v phc tp v vy vi vn kin thc cn hn
hp ca mnh trong phm vi ti ny em khng th cp nhiu vn ln m
ch cp ti vn thit k b bm xung mt chiu iu chnh tc c
o chiu ca ng c mt chiu kch t c lp theo nguyn tc i xng . y
l mt trong nhng phng php c dng ph bin nht hin nay iu
chnh ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp vi yu cu o chiu quay ng
c theo phng php i xng .y l mt phng php mang li hiu qu kinh
t cao v c s dng rng ri bi nhng tnh nng v c im ni bt ca n
m chng em s phn tch v cp sau ny.

I.2 Tng quan v ng c in mt chiu.
I.2.1) Gii thiu mt s loi ng c in mt chiu
Khi xem xt ng c in mt chiu cng nh my pht in mt chiu
ngi ta phn loi theo cch kch thch t cc ng c. Theo ng vi mi
cch ta c cc loi ng c in loi:
- Kch thch c lp: khi ngun mt chiu c cng sut ko ln, mch in
phn ng v mch kch t mc vo hai ngun mt chiu c lp nhau nn :I = I

.
- Kch thch song song: khi ngun mt chiu c cng sut v cng ln v in
p ko i, mch kch t c mc song song vi mch phn ng nn I = I
u
+I
t

- Kch thch ni tip: cun kch t mc ni tip vi cun dy phn ng cun kch
t c tit din ln, in tr nh, s vng t, ch to d dng nn ta c I = I

=I
t
.
- Kch thch hn hp ta c: I = I
u
+I
t

Vi mi loi ng c trn th s tng ng vi cc c tnh, c im k thut
iu khin v ng dng l tng i khc nhau ph thuc vo nhiu yu
t.Trong ti ny ta ch xt n ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp v
bin php hu hiu nht iu khin loi ng c ny.
I.2.2 ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
+Phng trnh c tnh c: l phng trnh biu th mi quan h gia tc (n)
v mmen (M) ca ng c c dng chung

5

M
K
R R
K
U
f u
u
.
) (
2
u
+

u
= e

Thng qua phng trnh ny, ta c th thy c s ph thuc ca tc ng
c vo mmen ng c v cc thng s khc (mmen, t thng...), t a ra
phng n iu chnh ng c (tc ) vi phng n ti u nht.
Vi nhng iu kin U

= const, I
t
= const th t thng ca ng c hu nh
khng i, v vy quan h trn l tuyn tnh v ng c tnh c ca ng c l
ng thng.
Thng dng ca c tnh l ng thng m giao im vi trc tung ng vi
mmen ngn mch cn giao im vi trc tung ng vi tc khng ti ca
ng c
Ngi ta a thm i lng
e
|
A
A
=
M
nh gi cng. c tnh cng dc
cng cng ( | cng ln) tc l mmen bin i nhiu nhng tc bin i t v
ngc li. c tnh cng t dc cng mm tc l mmen bin i t nhng tc
bin i nhiu thay i.











hiu c nguyn l v la chn phng php iu chnh ti u, trc ht ta
i xt c tnh ca ng c in. l quan h gia tc quay vi mmen
(hoc dng in) ca ng c.
+c tnh c t nhin ca ng c: nu ng c vn hnh ch nh mc
(in p, tn s, t thng nh mc v khng ni thm cc in khng, in tr
vo ng c). Trn c tnh c t nhin ta c cc im lm vic nh mc c gi
tr M
m
, e
m
.
+c tnh c nhn to ca ng c l c tnh khi ta thay i cc tham s ngun
hoc ni thm cc In tr, in khng.
so snh cc c tnh c vi nhau, ngi ta a ra khi nim cng ca c
tnh c: |=AM/Ae (tc bin thin mmen so vi vn tc).

a) c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
S kch t c lp c th hin nh di y:

M Mnm Mt

t
0

6

Khi ngun mt chiu c cng sut khng ln th mch in phn ng v
mch kch t mc vo hai ngun mt chiu c lp vi nhau: gi l ng c in
kch t c lp.
Phng trnh c tnh c xut pht:
u f u u u
I R R E U ) ( + + =

+U

: in p phn ng.
+E

: sc in ng phn ng.
+R

: in tr mch phn ng : R

=r

+r
cf
+r
b
+r
ct

+r

: in tr cun dy phn ng.

+r
cf
: in tr cun cc t ph.
+r
i
: in tr cun b.
+r
ct
: in tr tip xc ca chi in.
+R
f
: in tr ph trong mch phn ng.
+I

: dng in mch phn ng.

+E

c xc nh theo biu thc sau:

e
t
u =
a
pN
Eu
2

+ p: s i cc t chnh.
+ N: s thanh dn tc dng ca cun dy phn ng.
+ A: s i mch nhnh song song ca cun dy phn ng.
+
u
: t thng kch t di mt cc t.
+e: tc gc.

a
pN
K
t 2
=

Trong K l h s cu to ca ng c.

n K E
e u
u =


55 , 9 / 60 / 2 n n = = t e

V vy

n
a
pN
E
u
u =
60


7

K
K
K
e
105 , 0
55 , 9
= =

Suy ra

u
f u
u
I
K
R R
K
U
u
+

u
= u

Biu thc (*) l phng trnh c tnh c in ca ng c.
Mt khc mmen in t ca ng c c xc nh
u dt
I K M . .u =
Suy ra

u = K M I
dt u
/

Thay vo (*) ta c

dt
f u
u
M
K
R R
K
U
2
) ( u
+

u
= e

Nu b qua cc tn tht c v thp th mmen c trn trc ng c bng
mmen in t bng M.
Ta c

M
K
R R
K
U
f u
u
2
) ( u
+

u
= e

y l phng trnh c tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu kch t
c lp. th hnh v:











Nhn xt :
+ I

=0 hoc M=O ta c

0
e e =
+
=
f u
u
R R
U

y l tc khng ti l tng ca ng c

+e = 0 th
f u
u
R R
U
I
+
= : Dng in ngn mch.
nm nm
M I K M = u = . . : Mmen ngn mch.

M Mnm Mt

t
0

8

e e e A =
u

u
=
0
K
RI
K
U
u


e e e A =
u
+

u
=
0
2
) (
M
K
R R
K
U
f u
u


M
K
R
I
K
R
K
U
R R R
u
u
f u
2
0
) ( u
=
u
= A
u
=
+ =
e
e

T c th tc ng c in mt chiu ph thuc vo cc i lng l: U

,
R, I. Nh vy thng qua cc i lng bin thin ny m ta c th iu khin
c tc ng c in mt chiu.

b) Cc phng php iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu
iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu l mt trong cc ni dung chnh
ca truyn ng in nhm p ng cc yu cu cng ngh no ca cc my
sn xut.iu chnh tc l dng phng php thun tu in tc ng ln
bn thn h thng truyn ng in thay i tc quay ca ng c in.
Tc quay ca ng c in thng b thay i do s bin thin ca ti ,ca
ngun hay ch lm vic nh m my ,hm my ...v do gy ra cc sai s
so vi tc ,k thut mong mun ....Trong cc h thng truyn ng in
thng cn c vo mt s ch tiu kinh t ,k thut c bn ,cc ch tiu ny
c tnh khi thit k v iu chnh ng c in
Trong thc t c 3 phng php iu chnh tc ng c in mt chiu
+ iu chnh in p cho phn ng ng c.
+ iu chnh bng cch thay i t thng phn ng hay thay i in p phn
ng cp cho mch kch t.
+ iu chnh bng thay i in tr ph trn mch phn ng.
b.1) Nguyn l iu chnh in p phn ng
Ch p dng c vi ng c in mt chiu kch thch c lp hoc
song lm vic ch kch thch c lp. Loi ny cn c thit b ngun nh:
my pht in mt chiu kch t c lp, cc b chnh lu iu khin c chc
nng bin nng lng in xoay chiu thnh mt chiu c s E
b
iu chnh nh
tn hiu iu khin Uk.


9

Ta c phng trnh
|
e e
e
M
U
I K R
K
R R
K
E
R R I E E
dk
u dm ud
Km
ud b
dm
b
ud b u u b
=
u
+

u
=
+ =

) (
) (
0

V t thng ca ng c c gi khng i nn c tnh c cng khng i.
Tc khng ti l tng tu thuc gi tr U
k
ca h thng. th tuyn tnh do
mi ni phng php ny l trit . xc nh di iu chnh tc .
Ch :
+ Phng php ny c t thng khng i nn c tnh c c cng khng i
+ Tc khng ti l tng tu thuc vo gi tr in p U
k
ca h thng do
c th ni phng php ny iu khin l trit .
+ Gii iu chnh tc ca h tthng b chn bi c tnh c bn l c tnh
ng vi in p nh mc v t thng nh mc. Tc nh nht ca di iu
khin b gii hn bi yu cu v sai s tc v m men khi ng.
+Vi mt c cu my c th c
dm M
M K , ,
max 0
e xc nh v vy phm vi iu
chnh D ph thuc tuyn tnh vo gi tr cng
|
e e
|
e e
dm
dm
M
M
=
=
min 0 min
max 0 max


dm M c nm
M K M M = =
max min

tho mn kh nng qu ti th c tnh thp nht ca di iu chnh phi c
mn men ngn mch l
dm M c nm
M K M M .
max min
= = (K
M
: l h s mmen qu ti).
H c tnh c l cc ng thng song song nn ta c

1
1
/ ) 1 (
) 1 (
1
) (
max 0
max 0
min min

=
= =
M
dm
dm M
dm
M
dm
dm nm
K
M
M K
M
D
K
M
M M
| e
|
|
e
| |
e


10
Vi
dm M
M K , ,
max 0
e xc nh mi my. D ph thuc tuyn tnh vo |. Khi
iu chnh in p phn ng ng c in mt chiu bng cc thit b ngun
iu chnh th in tr mch phn ng gp khong 2 ln in tr phn ng ng
c do c th tnh s b c:

10 /
max 0
s
dm
M | e
.
Do phm vi iu chnh tc khng vt qu 10, Vy vi yu cu ca bi
ta s iu chnh di in p ra trong di iu chnh cho.
iu chnh tc bng phng php ny rt thch hp trong nhng trng hp
M
t
=const trong ton di iu chnh.
b.2) iu chnh t thng ng c
iu chnh t thng kch thch ng c in mt chiu chnh l iu khin
mmen in t ca ng c in
u
I K M . .u = . Do mch kch t ca ng c in
mt chiu l phi tuyn v vy h iu chnh t thng cng l phi tuyn.

T s trn ta c

dt
d
r r
e
i
k
k b
k
u
u
+
+
= e


r
k
: in tr dy qun phn ng.
r
b
: in tr ngun In p kch thch.
k
e : s vng dy cun kch t.
Thng khi iu chnh t thng th in p phn ng bng U
m
do cc c
tnh c thp nht trong vng iu khin l t thng chnh l c tnh c in p
phn ng nh mc, t thng nh mc v gi l c tnh c bn (i khi l c
tnh c t nhin).
Tc ln nht ca di iu chnh t thng b hn ch bi kh nng chuyn
mch ca c gp in. Khi gim t thng dn n tng vn tc gc th iu kin
chuyn mch ca c gp b xu i mt khc vn phi bo m I cho php. Kt
qu l mmen cho php trong ng c gim rt nhanh k c khi gi nguyn I th
momen c cng gim i rt nhanh.
b.3) Thay i in tr ph Rf
T phng trnh c tnh (*)

11

u
f u
u
I
K
R R
K
U
u
+

u
= u
(*)
Thc t ngy nay ngi ta khng dng phng php ny . V phng php ny
ch cho php iu chnh tc quay trong vng di tc nh mc, v lun
km theo tn hao nng lng trn in tr ph, lm gim hiu sut ca ng c
in. V vy phng php ny ch p dng ng c in c cng sut nh v
thc t thng dng ng c in trong cn trc.

c) Kt lun
Phng php iu chnh tc bng cch thay i t thng c nhiu hn
ch so vi phng php iu chnh in p phn ng phng php thay i t
thng b hn ch bi cc iu kin c kh: chnh l iu kin chuyn mch
ca c gp in. C th phng php iu chnh in p phn ng c cc u
im hn nh sau
1 - Hiu sut iu chnh cao (phng trnh iu khin l tuyn tnh, trit ) hn
khi ta ding phng php iu chnh in p phn ng nn tn hao cng sut i
khin nh.
2 - Vic thay i in p phn ng c th l lm gim U dn n mmen ngn
mch gim, dng ngn mch gim. iu ny rt c ngha trong lc khi ng
ng c.
3 - st tc tuyt i trn ton di iu chnh ng vi mt mmen iu chnh
xc nh l nh nhau nn di iu chnh u, trn, lin tc.
Tuy vy phng php ny i hi cng sut iu chnh cao v i hi
phi c ngun p iu chnh c xong n l khng ng k so vi vai tr v u
Im ca n. Vy nn phng php ny c s dng rng ri.
1.3 Cc vn khc khi iu ng c in mt chiu.
1.3.1 Cc gc phn t lm vic

















II:Hm II: ng c
II: Hm
II:ng c
P
c
=M
d
<0
P
c
=M
d
>0

P
c
=M
d
>0

P
c
=M
d
<0



M
M
c
M
c

M
c
M
c

12

Trng thi hm v trng tha ng c c phn b trn c tnh c gc phn
t tng ng vi chiu mmen v tc nh hnh v.
+ I, III: trng thi ng c (e

cng chiu vi M).
+ II, IV: trng thi hm (e ngc chiu vi M).
Cng sut c P
c
=M

.e
Cng sut in ca ng c P

=P
c
+AP ( AP: tn hao cng sut)

1.3.2 Cc ch lm vic ca ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp
a) Khi ng
Xut pht t phng trnh tnh c ca ng c in mt chiu

u
f u
u
I
K
R R
K
U
u
+

u
= u
(*)
Khi khi ng nn
R
U
I
dm
nm
= . ng c cng sut trung bnh v ln th R

thng c gi tr nh nn dng in khi ng ban u (dng ngn mch) tng
i ln

dm nm
I I 5 , 2 2 =

Vi gi tr dng ln, s khng cho php v mt chuyn mch v pht nng
ca ng c cng nh st p trn li In.tc hi ny cn nghim trng hn i
vi nhng h thng cn khi ng (Khi hm my cng xy ra hin tng tng
t).
Vy qu trnh iu khin tc ng c cng phi gn vi ch khi ng.
Phi m bo iu kin ti thiu

dm nm
I I 5 , 2 2 =

D i n mt nhn xt l la chn phng php iu khin gim p phn
ng l ph hp hn c v khi khng ch dng ngn mch o ch khi ng cn
hn ch c in p khi ng. Do iu khin l lm gim p.
b) Ch hm.
Hm l trng thi m ng c sinh ra mmen quay ngc chiu tc
quay, ng c in mt chiu c ba trng thi hm: hm ti sinh, hm ngc, v
hm ng nng.
b.1) Hm ti sinh
Xy ra khi tc quay ca ng c ln hn tc khng ti l tng.
Khi U

> E

. ng c lm vic nh mt my pht in song song vi li. So

vi ch ng c, dng in v mmen hm i chiu xc nh theo biu
thc

0
0
<
u u
=

=
R
K K
R
E U
I
u u
h
e e


h h
I K M . .u = . Tr s hm s ln dn cho n khi cn bng vi mmen ph
ti th h thng lm vic n nh vi tc
0 0
e e >
d
. V s u dy ca mch

13
ng c khng i nn phng trnh c tnh c tng t nhng mmen c gi
tr m. ng c tnh c nm trong gc phn t th hai v th t (hnh 2-14 tt)
Trong hm ti sinh, dng in hm i chiu v cng sut c a tr v li
in c gi tr P = (E-U) I. y l phng php hm kinh t nht v ng c sinh
nng lng hu ch.
V d: c cu nng h cn trc. Khi nng ti ng c c u vo ngun
theo cc tnh thun v lm vic trn c tnh c lm trong gc phn t th nht.
Khi mun h ti phi o chiu in p t vo phn ng ng c. Lc ny nu
mmen do trng ti gy ra ln hn mmen ma st trong cc b phn chuyn
ng ca ng c xh trng thi hm ti sinh. Tc h cn trc tng dn ti
0
e e >
od

b.2) Hm ngc
Xy ra khi phn ng di tc dng ca ng nng tch lu trong cc b
phn chuyn ng hoc do the nng quay ngcchiu vi m men in t ca
ng c, mmen ca ng c khi chng li s chuyn ng ca c cu sn
xut.
b.2.1) Hm ngc khi a in tr ph vo mch phn ng (tng ti)
c tnh hm ngc s tc dng cng chiu vi in p li, ng c
lm vic nh mt my pht ni tip vi li in, bin in nng nhn t li
in v c nng thnh nhit t nng in tr tng mch phn ng, v vy tn
tht ln.
b.2.2) o chiu in p phn ng
Dng in Ih ngc chiu vi chiu lm vic ca ng c v c th kh ln

f u
u u
h
R R
E U
I
+

=

Nn rt nguy him phi c bin php hn ch dng trong phm vi cho php:
dm nm
I I 5 , 2 2 =

c) Hm ng nng
L trng thi ng c lm vic nh mt my pht m nng lng c hc
ca ng c c tch lu c trong qu trnh lm vic trc bin thnh
in nng tiu tn di dng nhit
c.1) Hm ng nng t kch t c lp
Khi ta ct phn ng ng c khi li in mt chiu v ng vo mt in tr
hm

h u
hd
h u
u
hd
R R
K
R R
E
I
+
u
=
+

=
e


0 < u =
hd h
I K M

Chng t I
hd
v M
hd
ngc chiu vi tc ban u. Nng lng ch yu c
to ra do ng nng tiu tn ch nm trong mch kch t.
c.2) Hm ng nng t kch
Nhc im l nu mt in th khng thc hin hm c do cun dy
kch t vn phi ni vi ngun.mun khc phc ngi ta s dng phng php
hm ng nng t kch t. N xy ra khi ta ct c phn ng ln cun kch t ra

14
khi li in khi ng c quay ng vo mt in tr hm. Trong qu trnh
hm tc gim dn, dng kch t gim dn v do t thng gim dn v l
hm tc v vy c tnh c nh c tnh khng ti ca my pht in t kch
thch v phi tuyn.so vi phng php hm ngc. Hm ng nng c hiu qu
km hn khi chng c cng tc v mmen cn, tuy nhin hm ng nng u
vit hn v mt nng lng c bit hm ng nng t kch v khng tiu th
nng lng t li. S dng c k c khi mt in.

1.3.3 Vn d ph ti
c tnh ca ph ti cng l vn cn phi quan tm khi iu khin
ng c in mt chiu. Vi cc loi khc nhau ta s chn phng php ph hp
v tnh ton khc nhau.c th phn ra thnh 3 loi c bn theo s thay i ca
mmen cn theo tc . Khi tc ng c thay i, mmen ph ti c th l
+ Khng i: thang my... (1)
+ Tng: nh trong qut gi, bm...
+ Gim: cc c cu my cun dy, cun giy, truyn ng quay trc chnh my
ct gt kim loi...

Ta thng mong mun c tnh ny l tuyn tnh (4) v vn thit k s
phc tp ln rt nhiu khi s thay i li l phi tuyn c bit l khi ti bin i.
Nn y ta s ch xt trng hp ph ti c mmen l hng s trong ton di
iu chnh.
Qua phn tch trn y, vic iu khin in p phn ng c chn l ph
hp. gii php m ngi ta thng dng hin nay l bm xung p iu khin d
ra bng b bm xung p mt chiu m ta s cp vn tip theo.




1
2
3
4

15





Chng II
BM XUNG MT CHIU (BXDC)

II.1 Gii thiu v bm xung mt chiu (BXDC):
BXDC c chc nng bin i in p mt chiu, n c u im l c th
thay i in p trong mt phm vi rng m hiu sut ca b bin i cao v tn
tht ca b bin i ch yu trn cc phn t ng ct rt nh.
So vi cc phng php thay i in p mt chiu iu chnh tc
ng c mt chiu nh phng php iu chnh bng bin tr, bng my pht
mt chiu, bng b bin i c khu trung gian xoay chiu, bng chnh lu c
iu khin... th phng php dng mch bm xung c nhiu u im ng k:
iu chnh tc v o chiu d dng, tit kim nng lng, kinh t v hiu
qu cao, ng thi m bo c trng thi hm ti sinh ca ng c. Cng vi
s pht trin v ng dng ngy cng rng ri cc linh kin bn dn cng sut ln
to nn cc mch bm xung c hiu sut cao, tn tht nh, nhy cao, iu
khin trn tru, chi ph bo tr thp, kch thc nh. Mch bm xung c bit
thch hp vi cc ng c mt chiu cng sut nh.
in th trung bnh u ra s c iu khin theo mc mong mun mc
d in th u vo c th l hng s (c qui, pin) hoc bin thin (u ra ca
chnh lu), ti c th thay i.Vi mt gi tr in th vo cho trc, in th
trung bnh u ra c th iu khin theo hai cch:
- Thay i rng xung.
- Thay i tn s bm xung.

II.1.1 Phng php thay i rng xung
Ni dung ca phng php ny l thay i t
1
, gi nguyn T. Gi tr trung
bnh ca in p ra khi thay i rng l:
ontrol C
U

t

t
1
t
2
T


16
1
d
t .U
U .U
T
= =

Trong t:

1
t
T
=
l h s lp y, cn gi l t s chu k.
Nh vy theo phng php ny th di iu chnh ca U
ra
l rng (0 < c s 1).
II.1.2 Phng php thay i tn s xung
Ni dung ca phng php ny l thay i T, cn t
1
= const. Khi :
1
d 1
t
U .U t .f .U
T
= =

Vy U
d
= U .
T
f
1
1
=
Ngoi ra c th phi hp c hai phng php trn. Thc t phng php
bin i rng xung c dng ph bin hn v n gin hn, khng cn thit
b bin tn i km.
II.1.3 Nhn xt
y ta chn cch thay i rng xung, phg php ny gi l PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation).Theo phng php ny tn s bm xung s l hng
s.Vic iu khin trng thi ng m ca van da vo vic so snh mt in p
iu khin vi mt sng tun hon (thng l dng tam gic(Sawtooth)) c bin
nh khng i.N s thit lp tn s ng ct cho van,tn s ng ct ny l
khng i vi di tn t 400Hz n 200kHz.Khi >
Control st
u u th cho tn hiu iu
khin m van, ngc li kha van.

II.2 Cc s bm xung:
on
off
on
t

off
t

U
ra

17
S nguyn l nh sau:



Phn t iu chnh quy c l kho S (van bn dn iu khin).
c im ca s ny l kho S, cun cm v ti mc ni tip. Ti c tnh
cht cm khng hoc dung khng. B lc L & C. i-t mc ngc vi U
d

thot dng ti khi kho K ngt.
+ S ng U c t vo u ca b lc. L tng th u
d
= U (nu b
qua st p trn cc van trong b bin i).
+ S m h mch gia ngun v ti, nhng vn c dng i
d
do nng lng
tch lu trong cun L v L
ti
, dng chy qua D, do u
d
=0.
Nh vy, U
d
s U. Tng ng ta c b bin i h p.
c tnh truyn t:
d
I
U
W
U
= = o
S nh sau:

c im: L ni tip vi ti, kho S mc song song vi ti. Cun cm L

khng tham gia vo qu trnh lc gn sng m ch c t C ng vai tr ny.

18
+ S ng, dng in t +U qua L S -U. Khi D tt v trn t c U
C

( c tch in trc ).
+ S ngt, dng in chy t +U qua L D Ti. V t thng trong L
khng gim tc thi v khng do trong L xut hin sut in ng t cm
e
L
dt
d
w
u
= , c cng cc tnh U. Do tng in p: u
d
=U + e
L
. Vy ta c b
bin i tng p.
c tnh ca b bin i l tiu th nng lng t ngun U ch lin
tc v nng lng truyn ra ti di dng xung nhn.
c tnh truyn t:
d
I
U 1
W
U 1
= =
c


a. S mc nh sau:




Ti l ng c mmt chiu c thay bi mch tng ng R-L-E. L
1
ch
ng vai tr tch lu nng lng. C ng vai tr lc
b. Hot ng
+ S ng, trn L
1
c U, dng chy t +U S L
1
-U. Nng lng tch
lu trong cun cm L
1
; i-t D tt; U
d
=U
C
, t C phng in qua ti.
+ S ngt, cun cm L
1
sinh ra sc in ng ngc chiu vi trng hp
ng D thng nng lng t trng np v C, t C tch in; u
d
s
ngc chiu vi U.
Vy in p ra trn ti o du so vi U. Gi tr tuyt i |U
d
| c th ln
hn hay nh hn U ngun

II.2.4 B Chopper lp C (B o dng)

19
a) S nguyn l


Ti l phn ng ng c mt chiu kch t c lp c thay bi mch tng
ng R-L-E
b) Nguyn l hot ng.
Ch ng c:
Trong khong 0 t T s s , ng c c ni ngun qua
1
S ,in p t ln
ng c l U.
Trong khong T t T s s ,
1
S ngt,ng c c ni ngn mch qua
2
D ,in p t ln ng c l 0.
Ch hm ti sinh:
Trong khong 0 t T s s ,
2
S ngt,ng c c ni ngun qua
1
D ,in p
t ln ng c lU.
Trong khong T t T s s ,
2
S dn,ng c c ni ngn mch qua
2
S ,in p t ln ng c l 0.
c) Biu dng sng dng v p trn ti

20


d.)Tnh ton cc thng s trn s .
Trong khong
1
S (
1
D ) dn, in p t ln ng c l U, ta c:
di
Ri L E U
dt
+ + = .
Gii bng phng php ton t Laplace:
min
U E
t t
i(t) .(1 e ) I .e
R

t t
= +
Trong khong
2
S (
2
D ) dn, in p t ln ng c l 0, ta c:
di
Ri L E 0
dt
+ + = .
Gii bng phng php ton t Laplace:
(t T) (t T)
max
E
i(t) (1 e ) I e
R

t t
= +

T
min T
U e 1 E
I
R R
e 1

t
t
| |

|
=
|
|

\ .
;
T
max T
U 1 e E
I
R R
1 e

t
| |

|
=
|
|

\ .
trong
L
R
t =
d
u

d
I
d
i
1
D

2
D

1
S

2
S

t
t
t
t
0
0
0
0
d
U

T
T
dk1
u

dk2
u

21
in p trung bnh trn ng c:
T T
d d
0 0
1 1
U u dt Udt U
T T

= = =
} }

Dng in trung bnh:
d
d
U E U E
I
R R

= =
nhp nh dng in:
T T (1 )T
max min
d T
I I U 1 e e e
I
2 2R
e 1

t t t
t
| |
+
|
A = =
|
|

\ .

Do 1 ~
t
T
nn s dng cng thc tnh gn ng
2
x
x
e 1 x
2
= + + ta c
d
U
I (1 )
2fL
~
d max
U
I
8fL
=
Dng trung bnh qua
1
S (
1
D ) l:
1 d
I I =
Dng trung bnh qua
2
S (
2
D ) l:
2 d
I (1 )I =




II.2.5 B o p

a) S nguyn l

b) Nguyn tc iu khin:
Chu k ng ct ca mi van l T, S1 v S2 c kch dn lch pha mt
khong thi gian T/2, mi van S1, S2 c kch vi gc dn .

22
c) Nguyn l hot ng
Ch ng c ( 0,5 1 < < )



Trong cc khong 0 t T( 0,5) < < v
T
t T
2
< < th S1 v S2 cng dn, in
p t ln phn ng ng c l U, dng in qua ng c tng t
min
I ti I
max
ta
c phng trnh:
di
Ri L E U
dt
+ + = .
Trong cc khong
T
T( 0, 5) t
2
< < v T t T < < th S1 v S2 khng ng thi
dn,do ng c c ni ngn mch qua cc diot D1 hoc D2,in p dt ln
ng c l 0,dng in qua ng c gim t
max
I xung
min
I , ta c phng trnh
di
Ri L E 0
dt
+ + = .
Cc thng s ca mch
Biu thc dng ti
dk1
u
dk2
u

d
u
d
U
d
i
d
I
1
2
S
S

1
2
S
D

1
2
S
S

1
2
D
S

t
t
t
t
0
0
0
0
T
T

23
Trong khong 0 t T( 0,5) < < : in p t ln ng c l U. Dng qua
ng c tng t I
min
ti I
max.
Phng trnh dng qua ng c:
di
Ri L E U
dt
+ + =
Gii phng trnh bng phng php ton t Laplace ta c:
min
U E t t
i(t) .(1 e ) I .e
R
t t
= + .
Trong khong
T
T( 0, 5) t
2
< < : dng i
d
ngn mch qua S
1
v D
2
in p
t ln ng c l 0, i
d
gim t I
max
v I
min
.
Phng trnh dng qua ng c:
di
Ri L E 0
dt
+ + = .
Gii phng trnh bng phng php ton t Laplace ta c:
(t T) (t T)
max
E
i(t) 1 e I e
R
| |
t t
| |
= +
|
\ .
trong 0,5 | =
Vi iu kin
T
i(0) i( ) I
min
2
= = , da vo hai phng trnh trn ta c:
T
min T
2
U e 1 E
I
R R
e 1
|
t
t
| |

|
=
|
|

\ .
;
T
max T
2
U 1 e E
I
R R
1 e
|
t

t
| |

|
=
|
|

\ .
trong
L
R
t =

nhp nh dng in:

max min
I I U U
I (2 1)(1 )
d
2fL 16fL 2

A = ~ s
in p trung bnh t trn ng
c:
T
T
2
d d
0 0
2 2
U u dt Udt 2 U (2 1)U
T T
|
= = = | =
} }

Dng in trung bnh
d
d
U E (2 1)U E
I
R R

= =
in p ngc ln nht t ln cc phn t l V
Dng trung bnh qua cc van S1, S2:
1 d
(2 1)U E
I I
R

= =
Dng trung bnh qua cc diot:
2 d
(2 1)U E
I (1 )I (1 )
R

= =
Ch hm ti sinh ( 0 0.5 < < )

24


Trong khong 0 t T < < ng c c ngn mch qua S1 v D2, dng
in qua ng c tng t I
min
ti I
max
, in p t ln ng c l 0, ta c
phng trnh:
di
Ri L E
dt
+ = (i vi s ny th khi lm vic ch
hm ti sinh phi o chiu quay ca ng c).Gii phng trnh trong
khong xt ta c:
t t
min
E
i(t) (1 e ) I e
R

t t
= + (1)
Trong khong
T
T t
2
< < , ng c tr nng lng v ngun qua cc diot
D1 v D2, dng qua ng c gim t I
max
xung I
min
, ta c phng trnh
di
Ri L E U
dt
+ = .

Gii phng trnh trong khong xt ta
c:
(t T) ( t T)
max
E U
i(t) (1 e ) I e
R

t t

= + (2)

in p trung bnh t ln ng c:
dk1
u

d
u
dk2
u


d
i
d
U
d
I

25

T 2 T 2
d d
0 T
2 2
U u dt ( U)dt (2 1)U
T T

= = =
} }

Dng in trung bnh l:
d
d
U ( E) E (1 2 )U
I
R R

= =
Dng trung bnh qua cc van S1, S2 l:
1 d
I I =
Dng trung bnh qua cc diot D1, D2l:
2 d
I (1 )I =
in p ngc ln nht t ln cc van l:
ng.max
U U =
2.2.6 B Chopper lp E
y l b bm xung mt chiu c o chiu
1. S nguyn l

y ta s dng van bn dn IGBT. B BXMC dng van iu khin hon ton
IGBT c kh nng thc hin iu chnh in p v o chiu dng in ti .
Trong cc h truyn ng t ng c yu cu o chiu ng c do b bin
i ny thng hay dng cp ngun cho ng c mt chiu kch t c lp
c nhu cu o chiu quay.
Cc van IGBT lm nhim v kho khng tip im .Cc it 1,2,3,4
dng tr nng lng phn khng v ngun v thc hin qu trnh hm ti
sinh.
C cc phng php iu khin khc nhau nh : iu khin c lp,iu
khin khng i xng v iu khin i xng .

2. Cc phng php iu khin
a.Phng php iu khin c lp
Nu ta mun ng c chy theo chiu no th ta s ch cho mt cp van
chy ,cp cn li s kho.
+Mun cho ng c quay thun cho S1,S2 dn ,S3,S4 ngh .
+Mun cho ng c quay nghch cho S1,S2 ngh ,S3,S4 dn .


26
b. Phng php iu khin khng i xng
Gi s ng c quay theo chiu thun (ng c s lm vic gc phn t
th 1v th 2) tng ng vi cp van S1,S2 lm vic ,S3 lun b kho ,S4 c
ng m ngc pha vi S1.
B BXMC c 3 trng thi lm vic :
- Trng thi 1: E>E
t
: ng c lm vic gc phn t th nht .Nng lng
cp cho ng c c cp t ngun thng qua cc van S1,S2 dn trong khong
0t
1
.
+Trong khong t
1
T :Nng lng tch tr trong in cm s duy tr cho dng
in theo chiu c v khp mch qua S2,4.
- Trng thi 2: E<E
t
: ng c lm vic gc phn t th 2 (ch hm)
+Trong khong 0 t
1
:ng c tr nng lng v ngun thng qua cc it
1,2 (I
1
=I
2
=I
t
)
+Trong khong t
1
T :S
4
dn ,dng ti khp mch qua
2
,S
4
(I
2
=I
S4
=I
t
)
- Trng thi 3: E=E
t
:
+Trong khong 0t
0
: E
t
> E :ng c tr nng lng v ngun qua
1
v
2

(I
1
=I
2
=I
t
)
+Trong khong t
0
t
1
: E>E
t
: ng c lm vic ch ng c
Nng lng t ngun qua S
1
,S
2
cp cho ng c
+Trong khong t
1
t
2
: S
1
kha ,S
4
m .Nng lng tch lu trong in cm s
cp cho ng c v duy tr dng in qua
2
,
4

+Trong khong t
2
T :Khi nng lng d tr trong in cm ht ,sut in ng
ng c s o chiu dng in v dng ti s khp mch qua S
4
,
2


ng c lm vic theo chiu ngc li ,lut iu khin cc van s thay
i theo chiu ngc li
Cc biu thc tnh ton:
+Gi tr dng trung bnh qua ti
Ta c U E i R
dt
di
L
t
t
= + + . .
Do dt U
T
dt E
T
dt i R
T dt
di
L
T
T
t
T
o
T
t t
T
t
} } } }
= + +
0 0 0
1
.
1
.
1
. .
1

R.I
t
+E= U
R
E U
I
t

=


+Dng trung bnh qua van
) 1 .(
) . 1 )( 1 (
.
1
1 1
1
1
a T
b a b U
R
L
I
S

=


Vi
t
t
e a

=
1

t
0
1
t
e b =
Rt gn ta c I
S
= I
t

+Dng trung bnh qua it

27

t D
I
R
E
a
b b a L U
I ) 1 ( ) 1 (
1
) 1 )( 1 .( .
1
1
1 1 1
=

=


+Gi tr trung bnh in p ra ti U
t
= U
Vy iu khin ng c ta ch cn iu khin iu chnh in p ra ti
c.Phng php iu khin i xng
Cch 1: in p ra n cc tnh (Unipolar Voltage Switching)
Nguyn tc iu khin
Chu k ng ct ca cc van bn dn l 2T; S1 dn trong khong
0 t 2 T < < , S2 dn trong khong 2 T t 2T < < ;S3 dn trong khong
T t (1 )T < < + , v S4 dn trong khong (1 )T t 2T + < < .
+Ch lm vic gc phn t 1(1 0,5 > > )

28

* Trong khong 1, S1 v S2 c kch dn, ng c c ni vi ngun
U, dng phn ng tng.
* Trong khong2, S2 tt, S3 c kch dn, do phn ng c tnh cht in
cm nn dng qua phn ng ngn mch qua S1 v D3. Lc ny in p
t ln ng c l 0, dng trong ng c gim.


* Trong khong 3, S2 li c kch dn, S3 tt, do ng c c cp
in p U t ngun, dng qua phn ng tng.
dk1
u
dk2
u

t
t
t
0
0
dk3
u
dk4
u
d
u
d
i
d
U
d
I
t
t
t
1
2
S
S

1
3
S
D

1
2
S
S

4
2
D
S

T
T

29
* Trong khong 4, S4 c kch dn, S1 tt, do dng qua phn ng
khp mch qua S2 v D4, dng qua phn ng gim do ngc chiu sut
in ng E.
Tnh cc thng s trong mch
Kho st trong mt chu k bin thin T ca dng in phn ng.
Trong khong 0 t T(2 1) < < ng c c ni vi ngun qua S1, S4;
dng qua phn ng tng t
min
I ti
max
I , ta c:
di
Ri L E U
dt
+ + = .
Gii phng trnh trong khong xt ta c:
t t
min
U E
i(t) .(1 e ) I e
R

t t

= +
Do
T T
max min
U E
I .(1 e ) I e
R
| |
t t

= + vi 2 1 | = .
Trong khong (2 1)T t 2T < < , ng c c ngn mch qua S1 v
D3,in p t ln ng c l 0, dng phn ng gim t
max
I ti
min
I ,ta c
di
Ri L E 0
dt
+ + = .
Gii phng trnh trn ta c:
( t T) ( t T)
max
E
i(t) (1 e ) I e
R
| |
t t
= +
Do
( 1)T ( 1)T
min max
E
I (1 e ) I e
R
| |
t t
= +
Gii ra ta c:
T
min T
U e 1 E
I
R R
e 1
|
t
t
| |

|
=
|

\ .
;
T
max T
U 1 e E
I
R R
1 e
|
t

t
| |

|
=
|

\ .
trong
L
R
t =
nhp nh dng in:
T T (1 )T
max min
d T
I I U 1 e e e
I
2 2R
e 1
| |
t t t
t
| |
+
|
A = =
|

\ .

Do 1 ~
t
T
nn s dng cng thc tnh gn ng
2
x
x
e 1 x
2
= + + ta c
d
VT
I (1 )
2L
~ | |
d max
U
I
16fL
= .
in p trung bnh trn ng c:
T T
d d
0 0
1 1
U u dt Udt T
T T
|
= = = |
} }

Dng in trung bnh:
d
d
U E U E (2 1)U E
I
R R R
|
= = =
Dng in trung bnh qua S1, S4 l
1 d
I I =

30
Dng in trung bnh qua D2, D3 l
2 d
I (1 )I =
+Ch lm vic gc phn t 2( 0,5 > ).
chuyn t ch ng c sang ch hm ti sinh bng cch sthay
i chiu dng in tc l
U E (2 1)U E
d
I 0
d
R R

= = < tc l gim
hoc tng E. qu trnh iu khin c n gin ta chn phng php
gim gn ti 0,5 m do tnh qun tnh ca ng c nn E bin i chm,
do
d
I 0 < , dng qua phn ng i chiu.

dk1
u
dk2
u

t
t
t
0
0
dk3
u
dk4
u
d
u
d
i
d
U
d
I
t
t
t
1
2
D
D

1
3
D
S

1
2
D
D

2
4
D
S

T
T

31
* Trong khong 1: S1 v S3 nhn tn hiu iu khin, sc in ng sinh
ra dng in chy qua D1 v S3. Trong khong ny, dng qua phn ng
tng v tch ly nng lng trong in khng mch phn ng.
* Trong khong 2: S3 tt, S1 v S4 c kch dn, do tnh cht in
khng nn dng qua phn ng s qua D1, U v D4, nng lng c a
tr v ngun, dng qua phn ng gim.
* Trong khong 3: S1 tt, S2 v S4 c kch dn, khi dng qua phn
ng khp mch qua S2 v D4, dng qua phn ng tng.
* Trong khong 4: S1 v S4 c kch dn, S2 tt,dng phn ng chy
qua D1, U v D4,nng lng phn ng tr v ngun, dng qua phn ng
gim.
Ch lm vic ca ng c cc gc phn t 3 v 4 ng vi
0 0,5 < < .
Cch 2: in p ra o cc tnh (Bipolar Voltage Switching)
Nguyn tc iu khin
theo phng php iu khin ny cc cp van S
1
v S
2
; S
3
v S
4
lp thnh
hai cp van m trong mi cp th hai van c iu khin ng ct ng
thi. Tn hiu iu khin c to ra bng cch so snh in p iu
khin vi in p ta (thng l dng xung tam gic):
-Nu U
dk
>u
tua
th S
1
v S
2
c kch dn; S
3
v S
4
c kch tt.
-Nu U
dk
<u
tua
th S
1
v S
2
c kch tt; S
3
v S
4
c kch dn.
Biu dng sng dng, p trn ti

32

t
t
t
t

t
t
St
u
dk
U
dk1
u
dk2
u
d
u
d
i
d
I
d
U
d
i
d
I
D , D
1 2

S ,S
1 2
D
3
D
4

S
3
S
4

D , D
1 2

S ,S
1 2
D
3
D
4
S
3
S
4

1 2 3 4
T

T

33


Ch hot ng:
+Trong khong 1: S
1
v S
2
c kch dn, S
3
v S
4
c kch tt, ng c
c ni vi ngun U, dng qua phn ng tng n gi tr I
max
.
+Trong khong 2:S
1
v S
2
c kch tt,S
3
v S
4
c kch dn,nhng do
ti c tnh cm khng nn dng in phn ng khp mch qua D
3
v D
4

v ngun, S
3
v S
4
b t in p ngc bi hai diode D
3
v D
4
nn kho,
dng i
d
gim t I
max
v 0.
+Trong khong 3:S
3
v S
4
c kch dn, in p t ln ng c l U,
dng i
d
tng theo chiu ngc li (gim t 0 v I
min
theo chiu dng).
+Trong khong 4: S
3
v S
4
c kch tt, S
1
v S
2
c kch dn, nhng
do trc dng i
d
chy theo chiu ngc li nn dng i
d
tip tc chy
theo chiu c, khp mch qua cc diode D
1
v D
2
v ngun; S
1
v S
2
b
t in p ngc bi hai diode D
1
v D
2
phn cc thun nn kho, do
i
d
gim theo chiu ngc li t I
min
v 0.
Tnh ton cc thng s ca mch:
+Trong khong 0 t T s s , S1 v S2 dn hoc khi D1 v D2 dn th in
p t ln ng c l U,ta c phng trnh:
d
d
di
U E Ri L
dt
= + + .
Gii phng trnh bng phng php ton t Laplace vi s kin u
min
i(0) I =
Ta c:
t t
min
U E
i(t) .(1 e ) I .e
R

t t

= + trong
L
R
t = .
Trong khong T T < o < , S3 v S4 dn hoc D3 v D4 dn, in p t
ln ng c l -U
ta c:
di
Ri L E U
dt
+ + = .
Gii bng phng php ton t Laplace:
(t T) (t T)
max
(E U)
i(t) (1 e ) I e
R

t t
+
= +
T
min T
2U e 1 U E
I
R R
e 1

t
t
| |
+
|
=
|

\ .

T
max T
2U 1 e U E
I
R R
1 e

t
| |
+
|
=
|

\ .

in p trung bnh trn ng c

34
+Trong khong 0<t<T in p t ln ng c l U; v trong khong
T<t<T in p t ln ng c l U nn in p trung bnh t ln ng
c l:
| |
d
1
U T U (T T) ( U) (2 1)U
T
= =
-Dng in trung bnh qua ng c l:
d
d
U E (2 1)U E
I
R R

= =
-in p ngc ln nht t ln cc Diode l
D
ng.max
U U =
-Gi tr dng trung bnh qua ti l ) 1 2 (
U
E
R
U
I
t
=
-Dng trung bnh qua it :

}

= =
T
D
R
E
R
U
a
b a b
T R
U
dt t i
T
I
0 1
1 1
1
1
) 1 ( ) 1 (
1
) 1 )( 1 ( . 2
) (
1

t


t
I
U
E
R
U
R
E U
R
U
) 1 ( ) 1 2 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
) 1 ( . . 2


= =
+

~
(S dng khai trin hm e
x
theo khai trin Maclaurin )
-Dng trung bnh qua van :
Tng t ta c I
S
=I
t

-in p ra ti c gi tr trung bnh l U
t
=(2-1)U
+Ta thy nu =0.5 th U
t
=0
+Nu >0.5 th U
t
>0
+Nu < 0.5 th U
t
<0
Nh vy bng cch thay i gi tr m ta thay i c gi tr in p ra
ti v c du ca n .Do s o chiu quay ca ng c

II.3 Kt lun
II.3.1 Chn mch lc
Qua cc mch phn tch trn ta thy ph hp o chiu ng c (mt
cch ch ng) ta chn b chopper lp E (cu BXDC), mch ny cho php nng
lng i theo 2 chiu U
d
, I
d
c th o chiu mt cch c lp. Hn na mch
ny rt thng dng (dng trong DC-DC, DC-AC converter) do vic tm mua
cc phn t cng d dng hn
II.3.2 Chn phng php iu khin
Trong mch ny ta chn cch iu khin i xng cch 2 s cho mch
iu khin n gin hn. Mt khc cch iu khin ny cho php chng ta o
chiu ng c d dng do khi o chiu (chuyn ch lm vic) ta ch vic
iu chnh
II.3.3 Chn van bn dn
Trong s chopper lp E ta chn van bn dn l IGBT v:

35
- IGBT l phn t kt hp kh nng ng ct nhanh ca MOSFET v
kh nng chu qu ti ln ca transistor thng, tn s bm in p
cao th lm cho ng c chy m hn
- Cng sut iu khin yu cu cc nh nn lm cho n gin ng k
thit k ca cc b bin i v lm cho kch thc h thng iu khin
nh ,hn na n cng lm tit kim nng lung (iu khin)
- IGBT l phn t ng ct vi dng p ln, n ang dn thay th
transistor BJT n ngy cng thng dng hn do vic mua thit b
cng n gin hn.Cng vi s pht trin ca IGBT th cc IC chuyn
dng iu khin chng (IGBT Driver) ngy cng pht trin v hon
thin do vic iu khin cng chun xc v vic thit k cc mch
iu khin cng n gin, gn nh. Chng 4 Thit k mch iu
khin l minh chng cho iu ny

























Chng III
THIT K MCH LC
S mch lc nh sau:


36



















Chn tn s bm xung f = 500 Hz
III.1. Tnh ton chn van
III.1.1 Chn Diode cng sut
Qua phn tch cc mch lc trn ta thy:
+Dng in trung bnh chy qua Diode I
D =
(1- )I
t
Vi gi tr dng in nh mc ng c l I
tm
=6(A)
Chn ch lm mt l van c cnh to nhit vi din tch b mt v c
qut thng gi, khi dng in lm vic cho php chy qua van ln ti 50 %
v
dm
I .
Lc dng in qua van cn chn :
I
mv
= k
i
I
max
=6/0.5=12(A)
Qua cc biu ta thy :in p ngc cc i t ln mi Diode (b qua st
p trn cc van ) l
U
ngmax
=E=400(V)
Chn h s qu in p k
u
= 2.5 U
ngv
=k
u
.U
ngmax
= 2.5*400=1000(V).
T hai thng s trn ta chn 4 Diode loi CR20-100 vi cc thng s sau :
K hiu I
max
(A) U
n
(V) I
th
(A) I
r
(A) T
cp
(A) AU(V)
1N2455R 20 1000 20 10uA 200 1.1

Trong :
I
max
:dng in lm vic cc i cho php qua van
U
ngv
: in p ngc cc i cho php t ln van
I
pik
: nh xung dng in
U :tn hao in p trng thi m ca Diode

37
I
th
: dng in th cc i
I
r
:dng in r nhit 25
0
C
T
cp
: nhit cho php lm vic.
III.1.2 Chn cc van bn dn
Xut pht t yu cu v cng ngh ta phi chn van bn dn l loi van iu
khin hon ton l IGBT.
+Tnh dng trung bnh chy qua van:
Qua phn tch cc mch lc trn ta thy:
Dng in trung bnh chy qua van l : I
S
= I
t
Vi gi tr dng in nh mc ng c l I
tm
=6(A)
+ Chn ch lm mt l van c cnh to nhit vi din tch b mt v c
qut thng gi, khi dng in lm vic cho php chy qua van ln ti 50 %
v
dm
I .
Lc dng in qua van cn chn :
I
mv
= k
i
I
max
=6/0.5=12(A)
Qua cc biu ta thy :in p ngc cc i t ln mi Diode (b qua st
p trn cc van ) l
U
ngmax
=E=400(V)
Chn h s qu in p k
u
= 2.5 U
ngv
=k
u
.U
ngmax
= 2.5*400=1000(V).

T cc tnh ton trn ta chn 4 van IGBT c cc thng s sau:
Chng loi Nh
sn
xut
Loi
v(chn)
Icmax
A
Vce

Pd
max(W
)
Vce(sat Ices A Internal
Diode
IRG4PH30
K
IR TO247(A) 20,00 120
0,00
100,00 4,00 250,00 No

IV.Thit k b ngun chnh lu mt chiu cp in
cho ng c in mt chiu kch t c lp .
Thng s ng c :
+in p nh mc phn ng ng c U
m
=400 (V)
+Dng in nh mc phn ng ng c I
m
=6(A)
1.Tnh ton my bin p chnh lu .

38

+)Chn my bin p 3 pha 3 tr s u dy A/Y lm mt bng khng kh t
nhin .
My bin p cng sut nh ,ch c chc KVA tr li ,st p trn in tr ln
khong 4% ,st p trn cun khng t hn khong 2% .in p st trn 2 it
khong 2V
+)Tnh cc thng s c bn :
1-Tnh cng sut biu kin ca My bin p :
S = K
s
. P
d

2-in p pha s cp my bin p :
U
p
=127 (V)
3-in p pha th cp ca my bin p
Phng trnh cn bng in p khi c ti :
U
do
=U
d
+2. AU
v
+AU
dn
+ AU
ba

Trong :
2.AU
v
=2 (V) l st p trn 2 it mc ni tip
AU
dn
~0 l st p trn dy ni
AU
ba
= AU
r
+ AU
x
l st p trn in tr v in khng my bin p .
Chn s b :
AU
ba
=6 .U
d
=6 .400 = 24.0 (V)
T phng trnh cn bng in p khi c ti ta c :
U
d0
=
1
. 2 . 2
ba dn v d
U U U A + A + A +
=400+2+0+24.0 =424.0 (V)
in p pha th cp pha my bin p :
U
2
=
u
d
k
U
=424.0/2.34=181.2 (V)
4-Dng in hiu dng th cp ca my bin p :

39
I
2
= Id .
3
2
= 6 .
3
2
= 4.90 (A)
5-Dng in hiu dng s cp my bin p :
I
1
= K
ba
I
2
=
1
2
U
U
.I
2
=
127
2 . 181
. 4.90 = 6.99 (A)
*)Tnh s b mch t (Xc nh kch thc bn mch t)
6-Tit din s b tr .
Q
Fe
=k
Q
.
f m
S
ba
.

Trong :
k
Q
l h s ph thuc phng thc lm mt ,ly k
Q
= 6 .
m l s tr ca my bin p
f l tn s xoay chiu , y f = 50 (Hz)
Ta c cng sut biu kin ca my bin p l :
S
2
= 3.U
2
.I
2
=3.181,2.4,90=2664(VA)
S
1
=3.U
1
.I
1
=3.127.6,99=2664(VA)
) ( 2664
2
2664 2664
2
2 1
VA
S S
S
ba
=
+
=
+
=
Thay s ta c :
Q
Fe
=6 .
50 . 3
2664
=25,29(cm
2
)
7-ng knh tr :
d =
t
e F
Q . 4
=
t
29 , 25 . 4
= 5,67 (cm)
Chun ho ng knh tr theo tiu chun d = 6 (cm)
8-Chn loi thp -330 cc l thp c dy 0,5 mm
Chn mt t cm trong tr B
t
=1 (T)
9-Chn t s m=
d
h
= 2,3 , suy ra h = 2,3 . d = 2,3.6 = 13,8 (cm)
Ta chn chiu cao tr l 14( cm)
*)Tnh ton dy qun .
10- S vng dy mi pha s cp my bin p .
W
1
=
T Fe
B Q f
U
. . . 44 , 4
1
=
0 , 1 . 10 . 29 , 25 . 50 . 44 , 4
117
4
= 208 (vng)
11- S vng dy mi pha th cp my bin p :

40
W
2
=
1
2
U
U
.W
1
=
127
2 , 181
.208 = 297 (vng)
12- Chn s b mt dng in trong my bin p .
Vi dy dn bng ng ,my bin p kh ,chn J
1
= J
2
= 2 (A/mm
2
)
13- Tit din dy dn s cp my bin p .
S
1
=
1
1
J
I
=
2
99 . 6
= 3.50 (mm
2
)
Chn dy dn tit din hnh ch nht ,cch in cp B .
Chun ho tit din theo tiu chun : S
1
= 3.56 (mm
2
)
Kch thc dy dn c k cch in
S
1c
= a
1
.b
1
= 1,45.2,63 =3.81(mm x mm)
14- Tnh li mt dng ink trong cun s cp .
J
1
=
1
1
S
I
=
56 , 3
99 , 6
= 1,96 (A/mm
2
)
15- Tit din dy dn th cp ca my bin p .
S
2
=
2
2
J
I
=
2
90 , 4
= 2.45 (mm
2
)
Chn dy dn tit din hnh ch nht ,cch in cp B .
Chun ho tit din theo tiu chun : S
2
= 2,43 (mm
2
)
Kch thc dy dn c k cch in : S
2c
= a
2
.b
2
= 1,08.2,44=2,64 (mm x mm)
16- Tnh li mt dng in trong cun th cp .
J
2
=
2
2
S
I
=
43 , 2
09 , 4
=1,68 (A/mm
2
)
*)Kt cu dy dn s cp :
Thc hin dy qun kiu ng tm b tr theo chiu dc trc
18- Tnh s b s vng dy tren mt lp ca cun s cp .
W
11
=
1
. 2
b
h h
g

. k
c
=
263 , 0
5 , 1 . 2 14
.0,95 = 40 (vng)
Trong :
k
c
= 0,95 l h s p cht .
h l chiu cao tr .
h
g
l khong cch t gng n cun dy s cp .
Chn s b khong cch cch in gng l 1,5 cm .
19- Tnh s b s lp dy cun s cp :

41
n
11
=
11
1
W
W
=
40
208
=5.2 (lp)
20- Chn s lp n
11
=6 lp .5 lp x 40 vng v 1 lp x 8 vng
21- Chiu cao thc t ca cun s cp :
h
1
=
c
k
b W .
11
=
95 , 0
263 , 0 . 40
= 11,07 (cm)
22- Chn ng qun dy lm bng vt liu cch in c b dy : S
01
= 0,1 cm.
23- Khong cch t tr ti cun dy s cp a
01
= 1,0 cm .
24- ng knh trong ca ng cch in .
D
t
= d
Fe
+ 2.a
01
- 2.S
01
=6+ 2.1 - 2.0,1 = 7,8 (cm)
25- ng knh trong ca cun s cp .
D
t1
= D
t
+ 2.S
01
=7,8 + 2.0,1= 8 (cm)
26- Chn b dy gia hai lp dy cun s cp : cd
11
= 0,1 mm
27- B dy cun s cp .
B
d1
= (a
1
+cd
11
).n
11
= (0,145 + 0,1).6 = 1,47 (cm)
28- ng knh ngoi ca cun s cp .
D
n1
= D
t1
+2.B
d1
=8 + 2.1,47= 10,94 (cm)
29- ng knh trung bnh ca cun s cp .
D
tb1
=
2
1 1 n t
D D +
=
2
94 , 10 8 +
= 9,47 (cm)

30- Chiu di dy qun s cp .
l
1
= W
1
.t.D
tb
= t.208.9,47 =6188,2 (cm)
31- Chn b dy cch in gia cun s cp v th cp :cd
01
= 1,0 cm
*) Kt cu dy qun th cp .
32- Chn s b chiu cao cun th cp .
h
1
= h
2
= 11,07 (cm)
33- Tnh s b s vng dy trn mt lp .
W
12
=
c
k
b
h
2
2
= 95 , 0
244 , 0
07 , 11
= 43.1(vng)
34- Tnh s b s lp dy qun th cp .
n
12
=
12
2
W
W
=
1 . 43
297
= 6,89 (lp)
35- Chn s lp dy qun th cp n
12
= 7 lp .Chn 6 lp x 43vng v 1lp x 39
vng.
36- Chiu cao thc t ca cun th cp

42
h
2
= b
k
W
c
.
12
= 244 , 0 .
95 , 0
43
= 11,04 (cm)
37- ng knh trong ca cun th cp.
D
t2
= D
n1
+ 2.a
12
= 10,94 + 2.1 = 12,94 (cm)
38- Chn b dy cch in gia cc lp dy cun th cp : cd
22
= 0,1 (mm)
39- B dy cun th cp .
B
d2
= (a
2
+cd
22
).n
12
= (0,108 + 0,01).7= 0,826 (cm)
40- ng knh ngoi ca cun th cp .
D
n2
= D
t2
+ 2.B
d2
= 12,94 + 2.0,826 =14,59 (cm)
41- ng knh trung bnh ca cun th cp .
D
tb2
=
2
2 2 n t
D D +
=
2
59 , 14 94 , 12 +
= 13,77 (cm)
42- Chiu di dy qun th cp .
l
2
= t.W
2
.D
tb2
= t.297.13,77 = 12848 (cm)
43- ng knh trung bnh cc cun dy .
D
12
=
2
2 1 n t
D D +

=
2
59 , 14 8 +
=11,3 (cm)
r
12
=
2
12
D
= 5,65 (cm)
44- Chn khong cch gia hai cun th cp :a
22
= 2 (cm)
*)Tnh kch thc mch t .
45- Vi ng knh tr d= 6 cm ,ta c s bc l 3 trong na tit din tr .
46- Ton b tit din bc thang ca tr .
Q
bt
= 2.(1,6.5,5+1,1.4,5+0,7.3,5) = 32,4 (cm
2
)
47- Tit din hiu qu ca tr .
Q
T
= k
hq
.Q
bt
= 0,95.32,4 = 30,78 (cm
2
)
48- Tng chiu dy cc bc thang ca tr .
d
t
= 2.(1,6+1,1+0,7)= 6,8 (cm)
49- S l thp dng trong cc bc .
Bc 1 n
1
= 2 .
5 , 0
16
= 64 l
Bc 2 n
2
= 2 .
5 , 0
11
= 44 l
Bc 3 n
3
= 2 .
5 , 0
7
= 28 l

43
*) n gin trong vic ch to gng t ,ta chn gng c tit din hnh ch
nht c cc kch thc sau .
Chiu dy ca gng bng chiu dy ca tr : b = d
t
= 6,8 cm
Chiu cao ca gng bng chiu rng tp l thp th nht ca tr : a = 5,5 cm
Tit din gng Q
bg
= a x b = 37,4 (cm
2
)
50- Tit din hiu qu ca gng .
Q
g
= k
hq
.Q
bg
= 0,95 .37,4 = 35,53 (cm
2
)
51- S l thp dng trong mt gng .
h
g
=
5 , 0
b
=
5 , 0
68
= 136 (l)
52- Tnh chnh xc mt t cm trong tr .
B
T
=
T
Q W f
U
. . . 44 , 4
1
1
=
4
10 . 78 , 30 . 208 . 50 . 44 , 4
127

= 0,8935 (T)
53- Mt t cm trong gng .
B
g
= B
T
.
g
T
Q
Q
= 0,8935 .
53 , 35
78 , 30
= 0,774(T)

54- Chiu rng ca s .
c= 2.(a
01
+B
d1
+a
12
+B
d2
) + a
22
= 2.(1+1,47+1+0,826) + 2 = 10,6 (cm)
55- Tnh khong cch gia hai tm trc .
c = c+d = 10,6 + 6 = 16,6 (cm)
56- Chiu rng mch t .
L= 2.c +3.d = 2.10,6 + 3.6 = 39,2 (cm)
57- Chiu cao mch t .
H = h + 2.a = 14 + 2.5,5 = 25 (cm)
*) Tnh khi lng ca st v ng .
58- Th tch ca tr .
V
T
= 3.Q
T
.h = 3.30,78.14 =1292,76 (cm
3
)
59- Th tch ca gng .
V
g
= 2.Q
g
.L = 2.35,53.39,2 = 2785,55 (cm
3
)
60- Khi lng ca tr .
M
T
= V
T
. m
Fe
= 1,29276 . 7,85 = 10,15 (Kg)
61- Khi lng ca gng .
M
g
= V
g
. m
Fe
= 2,7856.7,85 = 21,87 (Kg)
62- Khi lng ca st .
M
Fe
= M
T
+M
g
= 10,15+ 21,87= 32,02 (Kg)

44
63- Th tch ng .
V
Cu
= 3.(S
1
.L
1
+ S
2
.L
2
) = 3.(3,56.10
-4
.618,82+ 2,43.10
-4
.1284,8)
= 1,563 (dm
3
)
64- Khi lng ca ng .
M
Cu
= V
Cu
. m
Cu
= 1,563.8,9 =13,91 (Kg)
*) Tnh cc thng s ca my bin p .
65- in tr ca cun s cp my bin p 75
0
C .
R
1
= .
1
1
S
l
= 0,02133.
56 , 3
882 , 61
= 0,371 (O)
Trong
75
= 0,02133 (O)
66- in tr cun th cp my bin p 75
0
C .
R
2
= .
2
2
S
l
= 0,02133.
43 , 2
48 , 128
= 1,128 (O)
67- in tr ca my bin p qui i v th cp .
R
BA
= R
2
+ R
1
2
1
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
W
W
=1,128+ 0,371
2
208
297
|
.
|

\
|
=1,88 (O)
68- St p trn in tr my bin p .
AU
r
= R
BA
.I
d
= 1,88 . 6 = 11,28 (V)
69- in khng my bin p qui i v th cp .
X
BA
= 8 .t
2
.(W)
2
. |
.
|

\
| +
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
3
.
2 1
12
d d
qd
B B
a
h
r
.e.10
-7

= 8 .t
2
.297
2
. |
.
|

\
| +
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
3
826 . 0 47 , 1
01 , 0 .
07 , 11
6,47
. 10
-2
.314.10
-7

= 0,991 (O)
70- in cm my bin p qui i v th cp .
L
BA
=
e
BA
X
=
314
991 , 0
= 0,00316 (H) = 3,16 (mH)
71- St p trn in khng my bin p .
AU
x
=
t
3
X
BA
.I
d
=
t
3
0,991.6 = 5,68 (V)
R
dt
=
t
3
.X
BA
= 0,95 (O)
72- St p trn my bin p .

45
AU
BA
=
2 2
x r
U U A + A =
2 2
68 , 5 11,28 + =12,63 (V)

73- Tng tr ngn mch qui i v th cp .
Z
BA
=
2 2
BA BA
X R + =
2 2
991 , 0 1,88 + = 2,13 (O)
74- Tn hao ngn mch trong my bin p .
AP
n
= 3.R
BA
.I
2
= 3.1,88.4,90
2
= 135,42(W) I:dng in th cp bin p
AP% =
S
P
n
A
.100 =
2664
42 , 135
.100 = 5,08 %
75- in p ngn mch tc dng .
U
nr
=
2
2
.
U
I R
BA
.100 =
2 , 181
90 , 4 . 88 , 1
.100 = 5,08 %
76- in p ngn mch phn khng .
U
nx
=
2
2
.
U
I x
BA
.100 =
2 , 181
90 , 4 . 91 , 0
.100 =2,46 %
77- in p ngn mch phn trm .
U
n
=
2 2
nx nr
U U + =
2 2
46 , 2 08 , 5 + = 5,64(%)
78- Dng in ngn mch xc lp .
I
2nm
=
BA
Z
U
2
=
13 , 2
2 , 181
= 85,07 (A)
79- Hiu sut thit b chnh lu .
q =
S
I U
d d
.
=
2664
6 . 400
= 90,1 %

2.Tnh chn Diode :
Tnh chn da vo cc yu t c bn dng ti ,iu kin to nhit ,in p lm
vic ,cc thng s c bn ca van c tnh nh sau :
+)in p ngc ln nht m Diode phi chu :
U
nmax
=K
nv
.U
2
=K
nv
.
u
d
K
U
=
3
t
.400 = 418,88 (V).
Trong : K
nv
= 6 K
u
=
t
6 . 3

in p ngc ca van cn chn :
U
nv
= K
dtU
. U
n max
=2,5 . 418,88 = 1047,20
Trong :

46
K
dtU
- h s d tr in p ,chn K
dtU
=2,5 .
+) Dng lm vic ca van c tnh theo dng hiu dng :
I
lv
= I
hd
= K
hd
.I
d
=
3
d
I
=
3
6
=3,46 (A)
(Do trong s cu 3 pha ,h s dng hiu dng :K
hd
=
3
1
) .
Chn iu kin lm vic ca van l c cnh to nhit v y din tch
to nhit ; Khng c qut i lu khng kh ,vi iu kin dng nh mc
ca van cn chn :
I
m
=K
i
. I
lv
=3,2 .3,46 = 11,07 (A)
(K
i
l h s d tr dng in v chn K
i
=3,2)
t cc thng s U
nv
,I
mv
ta chn 6 Diode loi SKR20/12 do nh sn xut IR sn
xut c cc thng s sau :
in p ngc cc i ca van : U
n
= 1200 (V)
Dng in nh mc ca van : I
m
=20 (A)
Dng in th cc i : I
th
=60 (A)
Dng in r : I
r
=4 (mA)
St p ln nht ca Diode trng thi dn l : AU = 1,55 (V)
Nhit lm vic cc i cho php :T
max
=180
o
C



Chng IV: Thit k mch iu
khin
IV.1. Yu cu chung ca mch iu khin
Mch iu khin iu khin bm xung p mt chiu cn c xy dng theo cc
nguyn tc v yu cu sau:
To c xung m IGBT c bin in p l +15V, rng theo
yu cu iu khin.
To c xung kha IGBT c bin in p l -5V, rng theo
yu cu.
To c 2 knh iu khin 2 nhm van IGBT theo lut iu khin
i xng.
m bo phm vi iu chnh ca cc IGBT tng ng vi phm vi
thay i tc ca PMDM l 25:1.
C kh nng chng nhiu cng nghip tt.
m bo cc van ng, m an ton tc l nhm van ny kha chc
chn th nhm van cn li mi c m.
Tn s lm vic ca mch iu khin l 2kHz

47
S khi mch iu khin:

IV.2.Nguyn l ca mch iu khin
- Khu to in p tam gic s cho ta mt in p ta c dng tam gic thun
tin cho khu so snh tip theo. Khu to in p ta ny thc cht bao gm
2 khu l khu pht xung ng b v khu to xung rng ca (dng tam
gic). Khu ny s quyt nh lun tn s iu khin cc IGBT. S d ta chn
in p ta dng ny l v c 2 u im sau:
m bo an ton cho vic ng m cc van bn dn. Vi 2 in p iu
khin lch nhau c 0.2V a vo 2 mch so snh tng ng 2 knh iu
khin 2 nhm IGBT ta c th tin tng rng trong ton b qu trnh hot
ng, nhm van ny kha chc chn th nhm van cn li mi c pht
xung m. Gii php ny u im hn cch s dng khu tr m bo
an ton cho cc van bn dn.
in p ta dng tam gic gm c min m ln min dng cho php ta
o chiu ng c n gin bng cch o du in p iu khin a vo
mch so snh.
- in p ta c a vo cc b so snh (Comparator) cng vi in p
iu khin thu c in p dng xung U
bh

thch hp vi cc knh iu
khin m lut ng m v lut iu khin i xng t ra. m bo phm
vi iu chnh tc l 25:1 ta cn a in p iu khin vo vi bin
bin thin 25 ln. Cng vic ny c thc hin nh b n p dng IC
LM317. y ta cn dng 2 b n p LM317 a vo 2 in p iu
khin chnh lch nhau c 0.2V.
To in p
tam gic
So snh
Phn knh
To xung
chm
Khuch i
xung chm
Bin p
xung
Cc iu
khin
IGBT
To in p
tam gic
So snh
Phn knh
To xung
chm
Khuch i
xung chm
Bin p
xung
Cc iu
khin
IGBT
To in p
tam gic
So snh
Phn knh
To xung
chm
Khuch i
xung chm
Bin p
xung
Cc iu
khin
IGBT
To in p
tam gic
So snh
Phn knh
To xung
chm
Khuch i
xung chm
Bin p
xung
Cc iu
khin
IGBT
Khu to
in p
iu khin

48
- Vic o chiu quay ng c c thc hin nh b o du in p iu
khin. Nguyn l ca b o du ny thc cht l mch t hp tuyn tnh
mt thnh phn dng khuch thut ton.
- Ta s dng phng php cch ly t cch ly mch lc v mch iu khin
bng bin p xung. Tuy nhin do tnh cht vi phn ca my bin p nn
khng cho php truyn cc xung rng vi ms. Chnh v tnh cht ny m
ngi ta phi truyn xung rng di dng xung chm bin p xung hot
ng c bnh thng. Nguyn tc y l tn hiu (hay xung c rng
c ms) sau b so snh i ra c coi l cc tn hiu cho php hay cm xung
chm vi tn s cao i vo BAX. lm nh vy ta s dng cc phn t
logic AND.
- Xung chm c to ra bi Khu to xung chm vi tn s 20 kHz, sau khi
c trn vi in p so snh s c dng cc chm xung i ra t mch logic
vi cng sut nh. Do m bo m c cc van lc n phi i qua
Khu khuch i xung. Khu khuch i xung ph bin nht v cng c
s dng trong n ny l phng php dng tng khuch i Dalinton.
Khu to in p tam gic:
mch iu khin hot ng tt vi lut iu khin i xng ta chn phng
php to in p ta l in p tam gic bng tch phn sng vung.
S :

Gii thch nguyn tc hot ng:


Khuch thut ton U1 c hi tip dng bng in tr R1, u ra c tr s in
p bo ha v du ph thuc hiu in p hai cng (+) v (-) . u vo (+) c 2

49
tn hiu, mt tn hiu khng i ly t u ra ca U1, mt tn hiu bin thin ly
t u ra ca khuch thut ton U2. in p chun so snh quyt nh i
du in p ra ca U1 l trung tnh vo (-). Gi s u ra ca U1 m, khuch
thut ton U2 tch phn o du cho in p c sn i ln ca in p ta.
in p vo ca (+) ly t R1 v R2, hai in p ny tri du nhau. in p vo
qua R2 bin thin theo ng np ca t, cn in p vo qua R1 khng i, ti
khi no U(+) = 0 th u ra ca U1 i du thnh dng. Chu k in p ca
U1 c lun phin i du nh vy cho ta in p ta nh c dng tam gic nh
hnh v.
Tn s ca in p ta c tnh da vo cng thc sau:

1
2
1 3
. . . 4
1
R
R
C R
f =
Do tn s lm vic yu cu ca mch iu khin l 2kHz nn tn s lm vic
ca mch to xung tam gic cng phi l 2 kHz. iu lm ny sinh vn l
khuch thut ton khng th chn loi bnh thng m ta phi chn loi c tc
lm vic nhanh.
Tnh ton:
- Chn khuch thut ton l loi IC LM318 c tc lm vic nhanh.
- tn s lm vic l 2 kHz ta chn:
R1=R2=0.47k
R2=4.7k
C1=0.0266F
Ch thch v IC LM318:
Ta chn IC LM318 ca hng Texas Instrument vi data sheet tm tt nh sau:
- S chn:

- K hiu khuch thut ton tng ng vi chn ca IC:


50
- Thng s c bn:

Ngun cung cp (Vcc) 20V
Di thng 15 MHz
Slew rate 70 V/s

Khu to in p iu khin:
S :
Ui
R2
10k 10%
IN
COM
OUT
LM317
C3
1u
C2
1u
C1
1u
R1
1k

Gii thch nguyn tc hot ng:
Vic thay i gi tr in p iu khin quyt nh h s ca mch iu khin
xung p.
- Khi U
k
=0 th =0.5
- Khi U
k
=U
nh
th =1
- Khi U
k
= - U
nh
th =0
Do in p ta c dng tuyn tnh nn vic iu chnh tc ng c mt cch
tuyn tnh vi phm vi 25:1 c th a v vic iu chnh in p iu khin
tuyn tnh trong phm vi 25 ln.
Khu to in p iu khin s dng IC LM317 c tc dng to ra ngun n p
thay i t 1.2 n 37V.
IC LM317:
- Hnh v:

- Thng s chnh:
Di in p ra 1.2V n 37V

51
Dng ra gii han 1.5A
Sai s 0.5%

Tnh ton:
Cng thc tnh in p ra:
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
1
2
1 * 25 . 1
R
R
U
OUT

Cc t C1, C2, C3 c tc dng n nh in p u vo v u ra, m bo
ngun p c dng v gi tr khng i. Ta chn C1 = C2 = C3 = 1(F).
in tr R1 v bin tr R2 c chn sao cho c th to ra mt U
out
bin thin
trong di t 1.25 n 1.25*25=31.25 (V). in p ny c ly ra ph hp vi
in p ta trong b so snh nh vo 2 in tr R3, R4 mc ni tip nh sau:
Vi
R2
C3
IN
COM
OUT
Vout
LM317
C2
C1
R4
R3
R1

Chn R1=0.24k th th:
khi Uout 1.25V th R2 0
khi Uout 31.25V th R2 5760
= = O

= = O

nh vy ta c th chn R2 l loi bin tr

6k
a in p iu khin thch hp vi U
ta
ti b so snh ta dng 2 in tr
mc ni tip l R3 v R4.
out k
U
R R
R
U .
4 3
4
+
= (*)
c th tn dng tt nht cng sut ng c, tha mn nhu cu ca (0.526 <
< 0.9) t ra phn mch lc, ta cn tnh ton U
k
nh sau:
- Phng trnh ca U
ta
theo thi gian:
khi t=0 U
ta
(0) = 0V
khi t=T/4 = 0.125ms U
ta
(0.125*10
-3
) = 10V
U
ta
= 8*10
4
.t (V)
- Phng trnh ca theo thi gian (ch mang tnh cht ton hc):
khi t=0 th U
k
= 0 (U
k
ct U
ta
ti t=0) = 0.5
khi t=T/4 = 0.125ms th U
k
= 10V (U
k
ct U
ta
ti t=0.125ms) = 1
= 0.125*10
-3
.t + 0.5
- Khi = 0.526 th t=6.5*10
-6
s U
ta
= 0.52(V) U
k
= 0.52V

52
- Khi = 0.9 th t=10
-4
s U
ta
= 8V U
k
= 8V.
- Da vo kt qu tnh ton tr
- n, ta cn tm R3 v R4 sao cho U
k
bin thin t 0.52V n 8V.
p dng (*) ta tm c
4 3
4
R R
R
+
=
25 . 1
52 . 0
=
125
52

ta chn R4=52k v R3=73k
To tr i vi mch iu khin
Nh trnh by trn, ta s m bo an ton ng ct cho cc nhm IGBT
bng cch a cc gi tr U
k
khc nhau

vo cc b so snh ng vi mi knh
iu khin tng ng vi mi nhm IGBT. Bng cch lm nh vy ta va c
th gin c c khu to tr li va m bo an ton ng ct cho tt c cc
ln chuyn i gia cc nhm van.
Vic to ra cc gi tr U
k
khc nhau c thc hin bng 2 cp in tr R31,
R41 v R32, R42 nh trong s mch sau:

Trong phn trn ta tnh ton c cp in tr R3 v R4 tha mn yu cu
ca . Trong phn ny ta gi nguyn cc gi tr cho cp R31 v R41; cn cp
in tr R32 v R42 c tnh ton sao cho tha mn yu cu an ton cho ng
m van.
Vi IGBT chn trong phn mch lc, ta cn tnh thi gian tr t
tr
> t
off
.
Da vo phng trnh ca U
ta
theo thi gian, ta c:
U
ta
= 8*10
4
.t (V)
Thi gian tr cn thit l t
tr
=1s nn im chuyn i trn in p ta phi
chnh nhau gi tr: 8*10
4
* 1* 10
-6
= 0.08 (V)
Cp in tr R32, R42 cn chn sao cho U
k2
bin thin trong khong

42 32
42
R R
R
+
=
25 . 1
44 . 0
=
125
44

Chn R42=44k v R32=81k
Khu o chiu ng c (dng cng tc 2 v tr):
Nguyn tc o chiu ng c l :
- u tin gim tc ng c v khng.

53
- n nt chuyn tc theo chiu ngc li. Nt bm y
c thit k l mt cng tc lin ng thc hin chuyn
mch 2 tn hiu iu khin.
- Theo tnh cht U
k
c trnh by trn, b phn to tr
m bo an ton cho van c quyt nh bi b phn p nh 2
cp in tr R
31
, R
41
v R
32
, R
42
. Do , khi in p iu khin
i chiu th ng cp U
k1
bin thnh ng cp U
k2
th mi
m bo nhm van ny ng th nhm van kia mi m.
- Khu o chiu in p U
k
l mt b o du s dng khuch
thut ton. B o du ny ch o du mt gi tr khng i v
khng i hi tn s lm vic cao. Tuy nhin, ng b cc
thit b yu cu tn s cao, ta chn b o du l khuch thut
ton LM7131A/NS. S b o du nh sau:
+
U1
LM7131A/NS
V1
V2
R2
R1
Rcb

Thc cht ca b o du l mt b khuch i o, do ta chn
R
1
=R
2
=1k, R
cb
c tc dng cn bng in tr vo nn ta chn l 0.5k.

Khu so snh v phn knh:
S :
R7
R8
R9
R12
R11
R10
+
U4
LM7131A/NS
Vmo1
-12
Vmo2
12
D4
DIODE
D3
DIODE
Vkhoa2
12
Vkhoa1
-12 +
U3
LM7131A/NS
+
U2
LM7131A/NS
-12
Vdk2
12
D2
DIODE
D1
DIODE
Vdk1
12
Vtua
-12
+
U1
LM7131A/NS
R4
R5
R6
R3
R2
R1


54
Gii thich nguyn l hot ng:
Vi 2 gi tr U
k
ta em so snh vi gi tr U
ta
to ra 4 xung a n b trn
xung pha sau. Hai xung U
m1
v U
kha1
ng b vi nhau, xung ny mc cao
th xung kia mc thp. Tr hn mt khong l hai xung U
m2
v U
kha2
cng
ng b vi nhau.
Khuch thut ton c s dng l loi c thi gian tc ng nhanh to iu
kin cho xung ra c sn ln, sn xung dc. Ta dng loi LM7131A/NS ca
hng National Semiconductor sn xut.
- S chn:

- Thng s chnh:
Ngun cung cp 2.7V n 12V
in p offset 7mV
Dng vo offset 3.5A
Dng Bias 35A
Tn s lm vic 70Mhz
- Bn Diode c tc dng ct xung m.
Tnh ton:
- Cc in tr R1, R2, R4, R5, R7, R8, R10, R11 c tc dng hn ch
dng vo khuch thut ton nn ta chn ng b l 1k.
- Cc Diode chn loi lm vic c tn s cao nh FJT1100 c cc
ch tiu cht lng sau:

in p ngc cc i 25V
Dng qua van cc ai 150mA
Tn s lm vic 1MHz
Cng sut tiu tn 250mW


55
Khu to xung chm:
S mch:
D1
DIODE
R3
R1
R2
R
V8
12
-12
C2
+
LM318

Gii thch nguyn l hot ng:
y l mch to dao ng dng khuch thut ton, rt thng dng hin nay.
Khuch thut ton c s dng nh b so snh hai ca. T C lin tc phng,
np lm cho khuch thut ton o trng thi mi ln in p trn t t tr s
b chia in p R1, R2.
Chu k dao ng c tnh theo cng thc sau: T=2RCln(
2
1
2
1
R
R
+ )
Tnh ton:
- Khuch thut ton dng loi c tc cao l LM318 nu trn.
- Ta chn sao cho (R
2
+ R
1
) c 20 (k). Thng thng ta chn R
2
< R
1
. Vy
ta chn cc gi tr nh sau: R
1
=15k v R
2
=4.7k
T cng thc rng buc trn ta c R . C
2
= 12.5 * 10
-6
. Ta chn R=5.6k v C
2
=
0.0022F
- Chn D1 l Diode FJT1100
Khu trn xung:
Mch trn xung dng cc cng logic AND, c 4 tn hiu cn trn xung nn
mch cn 4 cng AND, ta dng 1 IC 7408 do hng Texas Instrument sn xut
c tch hp 4 cng AND trong mt IC


56

c tnh k thut ca IC nh sau:


Khu khuch i xung:

+15V
C6
R20
D7
R21
T1
T2
R19

Nguyn tc:
cch ly gia mch lc v mch iu khin ta dng bin p xung. Tuy nhin
do tnh cht vi phn ca bin p xung nn khng cho php truyn cc xung rng
vi miligiy. Chnh v tnh cht ny m ta phi truyn xung rng di dng
xung chm bin p xung hot ng bnh thng. n gin mch dng

57
thi bo m h s khuch i dng cn thit tng khuch i ta dng l kiu
Dalinton. S mch nh hnh v trn.
m bo in p bn cun s cp ca BAX l 15(V) ta chn ngun nui c
gi tr V
cc
= 20 (V). (V cn phi tnh n st p trn in tr).
Khi c tn hiu xung i vo th bng T2 s m ng thi lm m lun T1. Lc
ny xut hin dng in chy t ngun nui qua R
20
, qua cun s cp v T
1
ri
i xung t v thnh lp trn cun s cp mt in p U1. in tr R20 c tc
dng bo v T1 trnh dng I1 vt qu gi tr I
C1max
.
Tnh ton:
Transistor T1:
T tnh ton ca my bin p xung ta c I
1
= I
C1
= 1 (mA). in p ngc t
ln T1 l 20 (V). Vy ta chn T1 l loi BC108 c cc thng s nh sau:
I
Cmax
= 0.1 (A)
P
Cmax
= 0.3 (W)
U
Cmax
= 20 (V)

max
= 110 (ln).
Ta c ) ( 200
1 . 0
20
20
max
O = = >
C
CC
I
V
R chn R20 = 250 ().
Kim tra li st p do R20 gy ra: U
R20
= 250 * I1 = 250 * 1 * 10
-3
= 0.25(V)
U1 = 20- U
R20
= 19.75 > 15 (V) R20 la chn nh trn l ph hp m
bo in p trn s cp t c 15 (V).
Tuy nhin do R
20
mc ni tip cun s cp vi bin p xung nn khi dn,
n s lm gim in p t vo bin p xung, vn gi in p ban u trn
bin p xung bng ngun V
CC
ta a thm t C6 vo. Lc trong giai on T1
kha th t in s kp np n tr s ngun. Ta c:
) ( 033 . 0
250 3
10 25
. 3 . 3
6
20 20
6
F
R
t
R
t
C
x n
=

= = <


Chn C6 = 33(nF).
Diode D7 c tc dng bo v qu ti cho cc bng bn dn. Khi T1 kha,
in p trn cun s cp tng cao ( ; .
1
dt
di
L U = i bin thin nhanh nn U
1
s ln),
nu khng c D7 n s cm ng sang th cp U
2
gy hng cc iu khin ca
bng. Nu c D7 th s xut hin dng khp mch vng qua D7, R20 v vy bo
v c bng.
Ta c U
kmax
= 20 (V) (tra t datasheet ca bng IGBT chn) . Vy
in p s cp ln nht cho php l: 20 * 3 = 60 (V).
Dng v p dng tnh ton cho D7 l:

=
= =
) ( 15
) ( 3 . 0
200
60
7
7
V U
A I
D
D


58
Chn D7 l loi 2N3903 c cc thng s l

=
=
=
=
. 50
) ( 35 . 0
) ( 40
) ( 2 . 0
min
max
max
max
|
W P
V U
A I
C
ng
tb

Transistor T2:
Ta c I
C2
= ) ( 10 3
110
10 33 . 0
6
3
1
1
A
I
C

=
|
rt nh. Vy chn T2 l BC108.
in tr R19 c nhim v hn ch dng vo T2.
max 1
2 1
19
max
max
.
. .
I S
V
R
I
U
cc
v
v
| |
s s vi S l h s bo ha t, ta ly S = 1.2.
) ( 917
1 . 0 2 . 1
20 50 110
19
O =

s k R
Vy chn R19 = 900 (k).
Nh vy ta tnh xong khu khuych i xung trm. y ta khng cn cc
diode chng xung m v cc xung iu khin ca ta khi i vo b phn KX
u c loi b phn b m cc mch so snh v to xung chm.

My bin p xung:
BAX1

My bin p xung thc hin cc nhim v:
- Cch li mch lc v mch iu khin.
- Phi hp tr khng.
- Nhn thnh nhiu xung (BAX nhiu cun th cp) cho van cn
m ng thi.
Mch iu khin gm c 4 bin p xung, trong 2 ci to xung m cho cc
van, 2 ci to xung kha cho cc van.
Bin p xung dng m van:
Chn vt liu lm li st.
Do cc van ca ta lm vic tn s cao (c kHz) nn ta chn vt liu l li Ferit
dng xuyn, hnh tr. y min t ha ca li st l mt phn.
Tnh ton kch thc tng.
Th tch li st.
) ( 0125 . 0 ) ( 10 0125 . 0
30 2 . 0
2 . 0 10 25 10 15 1
.
. . . .
3 3 6
6 3
2 2
cm m
H B
U t I U k
V
x x ba
= =

=
A A
A
=



Vi:

59

= A
= A
= =
= =
= =
=

30
2 . 0
10 25
. 2
1
) ( 1
) ( 15
1
6
2
2
H
B
f
t
mA I I
V U U
k
xc
x
G
G
ba

Vy ta chn li thp Ferit trong min t ha mt phn dng tr c cc tham s
sau:
Loi li st 905.
ng knh ngoi 9 (mm).
ng knh trong 5 (mm).
Din tch li t: 0.101 (cm
2
)
Din tch ca s: 0.034 (cm
2
)
in p v dng bn s cp:

= =
= =
) ( 1
3
) ( 15
2
1
2 1
mA
I
I
V U U

S vng cun s cp v th cp:
) ( 185
1
185
) ( 185
10 101 . 0 2 . 0
10 25 15
.
.
1
2
4
6
1
1
vong
k
W
W
vong
S B
t U
W
ba
ba
x
= = =
=


=
A
=

Bin p xung dng kha van:
Th tch li st.
) ( 17 . 4 ) ( 10 . 17 . 4
30 2 . 0
2 . 0 10 25 10 5 1
.
. . . .
3 3 9
6 3
2 2
mm m
H B
U t I U k
V
x x ba
= =

=
A A
A
=



Vi:

= A
= A
= =
= =
= =
=

30
2 . 0
10 25
. 2
1
) ( 1
) ( 5
1
6
2
2
H
B
f
t
mA I I
V U U
k
xc
x
G
G
ba

Vy ta chn li thp Ferit trong min t ha mt phn dng tr c cc tham s
sau:

60
Loi li st 905.
ng knh ngoi 9 (mm).
ng knh trong 5 (mm).
Din tch li t: 0.101 (cm
2
)
Din tch ca s: 0.034 (cm
2
)
in p v dng bn s cp:

= =
= =
) ( 1
3
) ( 5
2
1
2 1
mA
I
I
V U U

S vng cun s cp v th cp:
) ( 185
1
185
) ( 185
10 101 . 0 2 . 0
10 25 15
.
.
1
2
4
6
1
1
vong
k
W
W
vong
S B
t U
W
ba
ba
x
= = =
=


=
A
=

Khu chun ha tn hiu iu khin:
Khu ny t sau bin p xung, c nhim v bin i cc tn hiu t bin p
xung thnh cc tn hiu in p ph hp ng m cc van.
ng m c cc van, yu cu in p m l +15V v in p kha l -5V.
Ta iu ch bng cch o du in p +5V thnh -5V bng mt mch o du
nh trnh by trn, sau dng mt mch cng tng ng cng in p
+15V vi -5V tng ng. S mch cng nh sau:
V1
V31
V2
V29
+
Vra
LM7131A/NS
R55
R54
R53
R47
R51

Ta c: U
ra
= (U
1
+ U
2
).
53
55 51
. 2 R
R R +
vi R
53
= R
54

Chn R
51
= R
55
= R
53
= R
54
= 1k
Khuch thut ton vn chn loi c tc nhanh l LM7131A/NS
Tn hiu in p t sau khu chun ha ny s c a vo cc iu khin ca
IGBT.

61
M phng
Mch iu khin:
ng c quay thun:
Lc ny cha tc ng vo nt n.
th in p khu so snh:
1.000ms 1.500ms 2.000ms 2.500ms 3.000ms 3.500ms
12.50 V
7.500 V
2.500 V
-2.500 V
-7.500 V
-12.50 V
A: u2_6
B: s1_1
C: u4c_10

Hinh 1 in p so snh cho nhm van 1,2
1.000ms 1.500ms 2.000ms 2.500ms 3.000ms 3.500ms
12.50 V
7.500 V
2.500 V
-2.500 V
-7.500 V
-12.50 V
A: u2_6
B: u9_2
C: u4d_12

Hinh 2 in p so snh cho nhm van 3,4
th in p sau khu trn xung:
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: u4c_10
B: u4c_8
12.50 V
-12.50 V
C: u4d_12
D: u4d_11
12.50 V
-12.50 V

Hinh 3 Trn xung m van

62
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: u4c_10
B: u4c_8
12.50 V
-12.50 V
C: u4d_12
D: u4d_11
12.50 V
-12.50 V

Hinh 4 Tron xung kha van
th in p sau bin p xung:
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: bax1_3 17.50 V
-2.500 V
B: bax4_3
17.50 V
-2.500 V

Hinh 5 th in p dng m van (15V)
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: bax2_3 7.000 V
-1.000 V
B: bax3_3 7.000 V
-1.000 V

Hinh 6 th in p dng kha van (5V)
th in p sau khu chun ha tn hiu:
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: u14_6 17.50 V
-7.500 V
B: u13_6 17.50 V
-7.500 V

Hinh 7 M van ti +15V v kha van ti -5V

63
ng c quay ngc:
Sau khi n nt o chiu ng c
th in p khu so snh:
1.000ms 1.500ms 2.000ms 2.500ms 3.000ms 3.500ms
12.50 V
7.500 V
2.500 V
-2.500 V
-7.500 V
-12.50 V
A: u2_6
B: s1_1
C: u4c_10

Hinh 8 th in p khu so snh nhm van 1, 2
1.000ms 1.500ms 2.000ms 2.500ms 3.000ms 3.500ms
12.50 V
7.500 V
2.500 V
-2.500 V
-7.500 V
-12.50 V
A: u2_6
B: s2_1
C: u4d_12

Hinh 9 th in p khu so snh nhm van 3, 4
th in p sau khu trn xung:
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: u4c_10
B: u4c_8
12.50 V
-12.50 V
C: u4d_12
D: u4d_11
12.50 V
-12.50 V

Hinh 10 th in p sau trn xung m van
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: u3_6
B: u4a_3
12.50 V
-12.50 V
C: u4b_4
D: u4b_6
12.50 V
-12.50 V

Hinh 11 th in p sau trn xung kha van

64
th in p sau bin p xung:
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: bax1_3
17.50 V
-2.500 V
B: bax4_3 17.50 V
-2.500 V

Hinh 12 in p sau bin p xung m van (15V)
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: bax2_3 7.000 V
-1.000 V
B: bax3_3 7.000 V
-1.000 V

Hinh 13 in p sau bin p xung kha van (5V)
th in p sau khu chun ha tn hiu:
1.000ms 1.250ms 1.500ms 1.750ms 2.000ms 2.250ms 2.500ms 2.750ms 3.000ms 3.250ms 3.500ms
A: u14_6 17.50 V
-7.500 V
B: u13_6 17.50 V
-7.500 V

Hinh 14 M van ti +15V v kha van ti -5V














65

Ti liu tham kho

1.Phm Quc Hi,Dng Vn Nghi.Phn tch v gii mch in t cng sut
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni ,1997
2.Phm Quc Hi,Trn Trng Minh ,V Minh Chnh.in t cng sut
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni ,2004
3.Nguyn Bnh .in t cng sut
Nh xut bn Gio dc ,2000
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iu chnh t ng truyn ng in
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dng
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni ,2005
8.Trn Trng Minh .Bi ging in t cng sut
Nh xut bn Gio dc ,2002
9. Nguyn Phng Quang. Matlab v Simulink cho k s iu khin t ng
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni ,2004
10.Nhm pht trin phn mm tin hc v in t EDA.
Hng dn s dng ORCAD 9.2
Nh xut bn tr 2000
11.Matlab.Users guide. Prentice Hall,1995
12.Bi nh Tiu .C s truyn ng in
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni
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Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni ,2004

V cc trang Web :

14.Alldatasheet.com
15.INF.com
16.IGBT.com
17.IGBT-scaledriver.com