Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s

Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 1
Bi 2. Gi i h n c a hm s
Ph ng php gi i bi t p:
Bi t p m u:
Bi 1. Cho hm s
2
2
1
x x
y
x
+
=

. Dng nh ngha ch ng minh r ng

1
lim ( ) 3
x
f x

= .
Gi i:
Hm s y=f(x) xc nh trn
{ }
\ 1 . R Gi s (x
n
) l dy s b t k 1
n
x = v 1
n
x
( )( )
( )
2
2 1
2
lim ( ) lim lim lim 2 3
1 1
n n
n n
n n
n n n n
n n
x x
x x
f x x
x x
+ + + +
+ +
+
= = = + =

Bi 2. Cho hm s
neu 0
( ) .
2 neu 0
x x
y f x
x x
>
= =

<

Dng nh ngha ch ng minh hm s

y=f(x) khng c gi i h n khi 0 x
Gi i :
( )
( )
1 1
Xet day 0 0
1
lim ( ) lim 0 (1)
1
Xet day khi ; 0
1
lim ( ) lim 2 2 (2)
Vay vi (1) va(2) ham sokhong cogii han khi 0
n
n
n n
n n
n
n n
x
n n
f x
n
x n x
n
f x
n
x
+ +
+ +
| |
= >
`
|
) \ .
= =

= +
`
)
| |
= + =
|
\ .

BI T P P D NG:
D ng 1. Dng nh ngha tm gi i h n:
Ph ng php:
1.
{ }
0
0 0
lim ( ) ( ), \ , lim lim ( )
n n n n
x x n n
f x L x x K x x x f x L
+ +
= e = =
2. ch ng minh hm s f(x) khng c gi i h n khi
0
x x ta th c hi n:
Ch n hai dy s khc nhau (x
n
) v (y
n
) tho mn: x
n
, y
n
thu c t p xc
nh c a hm s v khc x
0
-
0 0
lim , lim
n n
n n
x x y x
+ +
= =
-
( ) ( )
Chng minh lim lim hoac mot trong hai
n n
n n
f x f y
+ +
= gi i
h n khng t n t i
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 2
Bi 1. Dng nh ngha ch ng minh cc gi i h n sau :
2
3 3 2
3
2
5
9 1
) lim 6 ) lim
3
1
3 1
) lim 4 ) lim
3 1
x x
x x
x
a b
x
x
x x
c d
x x

+

= = +
+

+ +
= = +
+
Bi 2.
1. Cho hm s
2
2
neu 0
( )
1 neu 0
x x
f x
x x

>

=

<

.
a. V th hm s f(x). T d on v gi i h n c a f(x) khi 0 x .
b. Dng nh ngha ch ng minh d on trn.
2. Cho hm s
2
1
( ) sin f x
x
= . Ch ng minh hm s khng c gi i h n khi 0 x .
Bi 3.
a) Ch ng minh r ng hm s y=sinx khng c gi i h n khi x +
b) Gi i thch b ng th k t lu n cu a)
Bi 4. Cho hai hm s y=f(x) v y=g(x) cng xc nh trn kho ng
( )
; a . Dng
nh ngha ch ng minh r ng, n u
lim ( ) valim ( ) th lim ( ) ( ) .
x x x
f x L g x M f x g x L M

= = =
Bi t p m u:
Bi 1. Tnh cc gi i h n c a cc hm s sau:
( )
2
1
3
2
2
4 1
2
2
1
) lim 2 1 ) lim
3
3 1
) lim ) lim
1
4
4
) lim
2 2
x
x
x x
x
x
a x b
x
x x
c d
x
x
x
e
x

+
+
+
+

+
Gi i:
D ng 2. Tm gi i h n c a hm s b ng cng th c
Ph ng php: tm gi i h n c a hm s thu c d ng v nh ta th c
hi n:
1. N u f(x) l hm s s c p xc nh t i x
0
th
( )
0
0
lim ( )
x x
f x f x

=
2. p d ng nh l 1 v cc quy t c v gi i h n
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 3
( ) ( )
( )
2
1
3
2
2
4 4
4
2
1
) lim 2 1 2 1 1 3 1
1 3 1 1
) lim
3 3 3 3
3
) Ta co: lim 3 1 0 valim 4 0 nen lim
4
1
) lim
1
x
x
x x
x
x
a x
x
b
x
x
c x x
x
x
d
x

+ = + =

= =
+ +

= < = =

+
= +
+
2
2
4 0
) lim 0
2 2 4
x
x
e
x

= =
+
Bi t p p d ng:
Bi 1. Tm gi i h n hm s sau:
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 3
3 2
3 3
) lim 2 4 ) lim 4 1
2 2 15
) lim ) lim
2
2
x x
x x
a x x b x x
x x
c d
x x
x
+

+ +
+ +

+
p s :
2
2
2
) 14
4 1
) lim 4 1 lim
4 1
11
) )
4
x x
a
x x
b x x
x x
c d
+ +
+
+ = = +
+

Bi 2. Tm gi i h n hm s sau:
2
2
2
3 6
) ( ) khi x 3
1
) ( ) 4 2 5 khi x
) ( ) 3 6 1 khi x
15
) ( ) khi x 2
2
15
) ( ) khi x 2
2
x x
a y f x
x
b y f x x x
c y f x x x
x
d y f x
x
x
d y f x
x
+

+
= =

= = + +
= = + +

= =
+

= =
+
p s :
) 3 ) ) ) ) a b c d e + +
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 4
Bi t p m u:
Bi 1. Tnh gi i h n sau:
2
1
lim
1
x
x x
x

Gi i :
( )
2
1 1 1
1
lim lim lim 1
1 1
x x x
x x
x x
x
x x

= = =

Bi 2. Tnh gi i h n sau:
2
2
4
lim
7 3
x
x
x

+
Gi i:
( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2
2 2 7 3
4
lim lim
2
7 3
lim 2 7 3 4.6 24
x x
x
x x x
x
x
x
x x

+ + +

+
(
= + + = =
(

Bi t p p d ng:
Bi 1. Tm cc gi i h n c a hm s sau:
( )
3
2 3 2
2
1 0 1
3 2 3
4 2 2
1 1
1 1
2 3 1
) lim ) lim ) lim
1 2 1
5 3 1 2 4
) lim ) lim
8 9 2
x x x
x x
x
x x x x x
a b c
x x x x
x x x x x
d e
x x x x


+
+ +

+ + +
+ +
p s :
4 1
) ) 3 )2 ) ) 5
3 5
a b c d e
Bi 2. Tm cc gi i h n c a hm s sau:
D ng 3. Tm gi i h n c a hm s thu c d ng v nh
0
0
Ph ng php:
1. Nh n d ng v nh
0
0
:
0 0 0
( )
lim khi lim ( ) lim ( ) 0
( )
x x x x x x
u x
u x u x
v x

= =
2. Phn tch t v m u thnh cc nhn t v gi n c
0
0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
lim lim lim vatnh lim
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) o o o o
x x x x x x x x
x x A x u x A x A x
v x x x B x B x B x

= =

3. N u u(x) v v(x) c ch a d u cn th c th nhn t v m u

v i bi u th c lin hi p, sau phn tch chng thnh tch
gi n c.
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 5
2
2 5 2
2 3
3 5 2 5
4 5 4 4 2
) lim ) lim ) lim
5
7 3 5
2 4 1 1
) lim ) lim ) lim
4 1 3 3 2 2
x x x
x x x
x x x x
a b c
x
x x
x x x x x
d e f
x
x x


+ +

+
+ + +
+ +
p s :
1 9 1
) 24 ) 2 5 ) ) ) 16 )
3 8 6
a b c d e f
Bi 3. Tnh gi i h n c a hm s sau:
3 0 1
2 2
2
0 0
2 3 3
1 0
3 2
2
3 0 1
3 3 1
) lim ) lim
1
1 1 9 16 7
) lim ) lim
7 5 2 1 8
) lim ) lim
1
5 7 1 2
) lim ) lim
1
1
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
a b
x
x
x x x x x x
c d
x x x
x x x x
e f
x x
x x x
g h
x
x




+

+ + + + +

+ +

p s :
1 7 7 11 5 3
) ) 3 ) 1 ) ) ) ) )
24 12 12 12
2 3 2 2
a b c d e f g h
Bi 1. Tnh cc gi i h n c a hm s sau:
2
3
0 0
0
2
0 0 0
tan sin 1 sin2 cos2 1 cos 2
) lim ) lim ) lim
1 sin2 cos2 sin
sin3 1 cos5 cos7 cos12 cos10
) lim ) lim ) lim
1 2cos cos8 cos6 sin 11
x x
x
x x x
x x x x x
a b c
x x x x x
x x x x x
d e f
x x x x




+


p s :
1 37 11
) ) 1 ) 4 ) 3 ) )
2 121 7
a b c d e f
Bi 2. Tnh cc gi i h n sau:
D ng 4: Tm gi i h n c a cc hm s l ng gic ( d ng v nh
0
0
)
Ph ng php: V n d ng cc cng th c l ng gic bi n i hm s
l ng gic thnh d ng c th s d ng nh l:
0 0 ( ) 0 ( ) 0
sin sin ( ) ( )
lim 1 hoac lim ( ) 0 lim 1; lim 1
( ) sin ( )
x x u x u x
x u x u x
u x
x u x u x

= = = =
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 6
( )
( )
0 1
2
0 0
4 4
0 0 2
3 2
1 0
2 3 2
) lim cot ) lim
sin2 tan 1
98 1 cos3 cos5 cos7
) lim tan2 tan ) lim
4 83 sin 7
sin sin
cos sin 1
) lim ) lim
1 1
2 1 1 cos
) lim ) lim
sin
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
a x b
x x
x x x
c x x d
x
x
x x
e f
x
x
x x
g h
x

| | +

|

\ .
( (
| | | |

( ( | |
\ . \ .


+
+ +
3
2
cos
sin
x x
x

p s :
7 1 1
) 0 ) ) )1 ) 4 )1 )1 )
12 2 12
a b c d e f g h
Bi t p m u:
Bi 1. Tnh gi i h n sau:
3
3 2
3 5
lim
6
x
x x
x x
+
+
+
Gi i:
3
2
3 2
5
3
3 5 1
lim lim
1 2 6
6
x x
x x
x
x x
x
+ +
+
+
= =
+
+
Bi 2. Tnh gi i h n sau:
D ng 5: D ng v nh

Ph ng Php:
1. Nh n bi t d ng v nh

0 0 0
0 0
( )
lim khi lim ( ) , lim ( )
( )
( )
lim khi lim ( ) , lim ( )
( )
x x x x x x
x x x x x
u x
u x v x
v x
u x
u x v x
v x


= =
= =
2. Chia t v m u cho
n
x v i n l s m cao nh t c a bi n x ( Ho c
phn tch thnh tch ch a nhn t
n
x r i gi n c)
3. N u u(x) ho c v(x) c ch a bi n x trong d u cn th a x
k
ra ngoi
d u cn ( V i k l m cao nh t c a bi n x trong d u cn), sau
chia t v m u cho lu th a cao nh t c a x.
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 7
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
4 2 4 2
lim 4 2 lim lim
4 2 4 2
1 1
lim
4
1
4 2
x x x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x x
x x x x x x
x

+ + +
+ + = =
+ +
= =
+
Bi t p p d ng :
Bi 1. Tm cc gi i h n c a cc hm s sau:
( )( )
( )( )
2
3
3 2
3
4 2 2 2
2
1 2
2
3 1 5 3
2 3 4
) lim ) lim
1
2 1 1
7 5 1 4 1
) lim ) lim
2 3 3 13
1
3
2 3
1
) lim ) lim
2 3
4 1 1
3 2
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
a b
x x
x x
x x x x x
c d
x x
x x x
x
e f
x
x x
x x
+ +
+

+ +
+
+
+
+ + +
+
(
+
(
+ + +
+
(

+ (
(
+ +
p s :
2
2
2
2
1
) 2 ) 0 ) )
2
2 3
khi : lim = 4
4 1 1
)
2 3 2
khi : lim =-
3
4 1 1
1
)
5
x
x
a b c d
x x x
x
x x
e
x x x
x
x x
f
+
+
+

+ + +
+

+ + +

Bi 2. Tnh cc gi i h n sau:
( )( )
5
2
3
3 7
2 2
2
4 2 2
3 3
1 1 2
1 2 3
) lim ) lim
9 3
2 3 4 1 9 1 4 2 1
) lim ) lim
1
4 1 2
7 5 2 3
) lim ) lim
3 13
1
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
a b
x x x
x x x x x x x
c d
x
x x
x x x x x
e f
x
x x
+



+
+ +
+ + + + + + + +
+
+ +
+ + + +

+
p s :
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 8
)3 ) 32 )5 khi ; 1 khi
)1 khi ; 1 khi
1 1
) khi ; khi
3 3
)1 khi ; 1 khi
a b c x x
d x x
e x x
f x x
+
+
+
+
Bi t p 1: Tm cc gi h n c a hm s sau:
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
0
2 3
2
1
3 2 2 2 3
1 1
) lim 1 ) lim 4 2
1
) lim 2 3 4 4 3 ) lim 1
1
) lim 2 1 7 3 ) lim 1 1
x x
x
x
x x
a b x x x
x x
x
c x x x d x
x
e x x x x f x x
+

+
| |
+
|
+
\ .
| |
|
|

\ .
+ +
p s :
1
) 1 ) ) khi : : 4 ; khi : : ) 0
4
5 5
)khi : : ; khi : : ) 0
2 2
a b c x S x S d
e x S x S f
+
+
Bi t p 2. Tm cc gi h n c a hm s sau:
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
3 3 2 2
) lim 1 ) lim 8 3 4 3
) lim ) lim
x x
x x
a x x x b x x x x
c x x x x d x x x x

+
+ + + + +
| |
+ + +
|
\ .
p s :
D ng 6. D ng v nh ; 0.
Ph ng php:
1. N u bi u th c ch a bi n s d i d u cn th nhn v chia v i
bi u th c lin h p
2. N u bi u th c ch a nhi u phn th c th quy ng m u v a
v cng m t bi u th c.
3. Thng th ng, cc php bi n i ny c th cho ta kh ngay
d ng v nh ; 0. ho c chuy n v d ng v nh
0
;
0

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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 9
( ) ( )
( )
3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2
2
2 2
3 3 2 3 2 2
3
1 1
) khi ; khi ; )2 khi ; 2khi
2 2
) lim lim
1 1 5
lim
3 2 6
1
1
) lim lim lim
x x
x
x x x
a x x b x x
c x x x x x x x x x x
x x
x x x
x x x x x x
x x
x
d x x x x
x x x x
+ +
+
+ + +
+ +
+ = + +
| |
|
= + = + =
|
+
|
+ + + +
\ .
+
| | +
+ + = =
|
\ .
+ + +
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1 2
x
x x
+ + +
= =
+
Bi t p m u:
Bi 1. Tnh gi i h n :
2
2
sin2 3cos2
lim
3 6
x
x x x
x
+
+ +
+
Gii:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
Ta nhan thay: -2 sin2 3cos2 2
2 sin2 3cos2 2
Vay
3 6 3 6 3 6
2
1
2 2 1
Malim lim lim
6 3 3 6 3 6
3
sin2 3cos2 1
Vay lim
3 3 6
x x x
x
x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x x
x
+ + +
+
s + s
+ + +
s s
+ + +

+
= = =
+ +
+
+ +
=
+
Bi 2. Tm
2
0
1
lim sin
x
x
x

Gi i:
D ng 7: Gi i h n k p
Ph ng php:
{ }
0 0
( ) ( ) ( ), \ , h x f x g x x K x x K s s e e
v
0 0 0
lim ( ) lim ( ) lim ( )
x x x x x x
h x g x L f x L

= = =
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 10
( )
2 2 2
2 2
0 0
2
0
1
Ta nhan thay : sin
lim lim 0
1
Vay lim sin 0
x x
x
x x x
x
x x
x
x

s s
= =
=
Bi t p p d ng:
Bi t p1. Tm gi i h n c a cc hm s sau:
( )
2
2
2
0
2 sin 5 os2 1
) lim ) lim os
3
1
) lim os 1
x x
x
x x c x
a b x c
x x
x x
c c x x
x
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
p s :
) 0 ) 0 ) 0 a b c
Bi t p 2. Tm gi i h n c a cc hm s sau:
2
3 2
2
5cos sin
) lim ) lim
1 2 1
sin2 2 os2
) lim
1
x x
x
x x x x
a b
x x
x c x
c
x x
+

+
+
+
+ +
p s :
) 0 ) 0 ) 0 a b c
Bi t p m u:
Bi 1.
a) Cho hm s
2
2
2 3 neu 3
( ) 1 neu =3
3-2 neu 3
x x x
f x x
x x

+ <

>

Tnh
3
3 3
lim ( ) ; lim ( ) ; lim ( )
x
x x
f x f x f x
+


b) Cho hm s
3
3 3
( ) 1 2 6 . Tnh lim ( ); lim ( ); lim ( )
x
x x
f x x f x f x f x
+


= +
Gi i:
D ng 8: Gi i h n m t bn
Ph ng php:
( )
0
0 0
lim ( ) , , lim lim ( )
n n n n
n n
x x
f x L x x x b x x f x L
+
+ +

= < < = =
( )
0
0
0 0
0 0
lim ( ) , , lim lim ( )
lim ( ) lim ( ) lim ( )
n n n n
n n
x x
x x
x x x x
f x L x a x x x x f x L
f x f x L f x L

+
+ +

= < < = =
= = =
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Ph ng php gi i bi t p gi i h n hm s
Tr n nh C - Tr ng THPT Phong i n 11
( )
( )
2 2
3 3
2 3
3 3
3 3
) * lim ( ) lim 3 2 3 2.3 15
* lim ( ) lim 2 3 3 2.3 3 6
* lim ( ) lim ( ) nen ham sokhong cogii han khi 3
2 6 neu 3 2
) Ta co: 2 6 nen ( )
2 6 neu 3
x x
x x
x x
a f x x
f x x x
f x f x x
x x
b x f x
x x
+ +

+



= = =
= + = + =
=
>
= =

+ <

( )
( )
3 3
3 3
3
3 3
5 neu 3
2 7 neu 3
* lim ( ) lim 2 5 2.3 5 1
* lim ( ) lim 2 5 2.3 7 1
* lim ( ) lim ( ) 1 lim ( ) 1
x x
x x
x
x x
x x
x x
f x x
f x x
f x f x f x
+ +

+

>

+ <

= = =
= = + =
= = =
Bi 2. Cho hm s :
3
1 3
neu 13
( )
1 1
2 neu 3
x
f x
x x
mx x

>

+ s

Tm gi tr c a m hm s f(x) c gi i h n khi 1. Tnh gii han o x

Gi i:
( )( )
( )( )
( )
2
3 3
1 1 1
2
2
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 3 2
* lim ( ) lim lim
1 1 1
1 2
2
lim lim 1
1
1 1
* lim ( ) lim 2 2
Ham sof(x) cogii han th lim ( ) lim ( ) 1 2 1
* khi o
x x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
f x
x x x
x x
x
x x
x x x
f x mx m
f x f x m m
+ + +
+ +
+ +
+




| | +
= =
|

\ .
+
+
= = =
+ +
+ +
= + = +
= = + =
1
lim ( ) 1
x
f x

=
Bi t p p d ng:
Bi t p 1.
a) Cho hm s
2
2
2
neu 1
( )
1
1 neu 1
x x
x
f x
x
x x x

+
>
=

+ + s

Tnh
1
1 1
lim ( ); lim ( ); lim ( )
x
x x
f x f x f x
+


b) Cho hm s
5
5 5
5
( ) . Tnh lim ( ); lim ( ); lim ( )
5
x
x x
x
f x f x f x f x
x
+

p s :
a) 3
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b)
+

=
5
lim ( ) 1
x
f x ;

=
5
lim ( ) 1
x
f x
Bi t p 2. Cho hm s
3
1
neu 1
( ) .
1
2 neu x 1
x
x
f x
x
mx

<
=

+ >

V i gi tr no c a m th hm s
f(x) c gi i h n 1 x
p s : m=1
Bi t p 3. Tm gi tr m hm s sau c gi i h n t i x=1
2
1 2
vi 1
( )
1 1
5 vi 1
x
f x
x x
mx x

>

+ s

p s : m = -3
Bi t p 4. Tm gi tr c a a hm s sau c gi i h n t i x=0
sin vi 0
( )
3 vi 0
x x
f x
x a x
>
=

+ <

p s : a = 0
Bi t p 5. Cho kho ng K,
0
x K e v hm s f(x) xc nh trn
{ }
0
\ K x
Ch ng minh r ng n u
0
lim ( )
x x
f x

= + th lun t n t i t nht m t s c thu c

{ }
0
\ K x
sao cho f(c)>0.
H ng d n:
( ) { }

+
= + e
= +
0
0 0
V lim ( ) nen vi day so bat ly, \ va ta
luon colim ( ) .
T nh ngha suy ra ( ) cotheln hn mot sodng tuy y, ketmot
sohang nao otr
n n n
x x
n
n
n
f x x x K x x x
f x
f x
{ }
>
e >
= >
0
i.
Neu sodng nay la1 th ( ) 1 ketmot sohang nao otri.
Noi cach khac, luon ton tai t nhat mot so \ sao cho ( ) 1.
at , ta co( ) 0
n
k k
k
f x
x K x f x
c x f c
Bi t p 6. Cho hm s y=f(x) xc nh trn
( )
; a + . Ch ng minh r ng n u
lim ( )
x
f x
+
= + th lun t n t i t nh t m t s c thu c
( )
; a + sao cho f(c)<0.
H ng d n:
( )
V lim ( ) nen vi day so bat ly, va ta
luon colim ( ) .
Doolim ( )
T nh ngha suy ra ( ) cotheln hn mot sodng tuy y, ketmo
n n n
x
n
n
n
n
n
f x x x a x
f x
f x
f x
+
+
+
= > +
=
( = +

t
sohang nao otri.
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( )
Neu sodng nay la2 th - ( ) 2 ketmot sohang nao otri.
Noi cach khac, luon ton tai t nhat mot so ; sao cho - ( ) 2 hay
( ) 2 0
at , ta co( ) 0
n
k k
k
k
f x
x a f x
f x
c x f c
>
e + >
< <
= <
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