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.com Chuyn sang ebook 29-8-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
I. Ngun gc v ngha ca ting Chung II. Ngun Gc ca M v ngha III. Ngun gc v ngha ca Trng IV. Vi tng khc
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Chung trng l mt trong cc loi php kh ca Pht gio. S d gi l Btnh (phin m ca ch prajnaa (S) c ngha l tr tu) v cng nng ca chng l thc tnh lng ngi, c kh nng nh ng tm linh ca ngi nghe. Chung Trng Bt-nh l danh t chung ch cho i hng chung (chung rt ln) v trng ln, thng c t hai bn tri phi ca chnh in, theo cch t chung hu c ngha l bn tri t chung, bn phi t trng. Nhiu cha cn xy thp an tr chung v trng, nn ni t chung trng l lu chung trng.
Cun Qung Hong Minh Tp (s 2103) trong i Chnh Tn Tu i Tng Kinh ghi rng vo thi Lc Triu (420 - 479) c nhiu lu chung. Nm Thin Ho th 5 (566) i Bc Chu, bi Nh Gio Chung Minh c khc trn ba i hng chung ln nht thi by gi. Hai ci trong 3 ci ny c c vo nm 570 v 665 TL. Tc Cao Tng Truyn c ghi nm th 5 i Tu i Nghip (609), ngi Tr Hng nhn lo vic chung ti cha Thin nh kinh Trng An. Trong khong thi gian ny v tr v sau, Bc Chu khng ngng c hng chung an tr trong cc t vin. Li na, theo truyn thuyt cho rng hng chung l do Ho Thng Ch Cng khi xng v vua Lng V (th k th VI) thc hin cu nguyn cho cc thn thc b a trong chn a ngc m ngi Hoa gi l chn U Minh. C hai loi chung thng c s dng trong cc cha chin, t vin nh sau: Phn Chung (chung Phn): Cng gi l i chung, hng chung, hoa chung hoc c chung. Chung ny c c bng ng xanh pha t st. Thng thng chung cao khong 1,5m, ng knh khong 6 tc. Loi ny treo trong lu chung, mc ch thnh chung l chiu tp i chng hoc bo thi sm ti. Ngi Vit mnh thng dng t i hng chung ch cho loi chung tht to, gn nh khng cn c quy nh c th l rng hp bao nhiu na. Chung ny cn gi l chung U Minh. Bn chung (chung bn): V chiu kch ch ln bng 1/2 chung phn, nn gi l bn chung, cn c gi l hon chung hoc tiu chung. Chung ny thng c c bng ng, cao khong 6 n 8 tc, thng ti 1 gc trong chnh in v c s dng trong cc bui php hi, nn cn c tn khc l hnh l chung. Ngi Vit Nam cng nh cc nc khc ngy nay cng linh ng ch to nhiu loi chung dng bn chung ny, nhng cng khng c kch thc c nh. V thnh chung, xa Trung Quc tu mi Tng phi, tng a phng m quy nh c khc nhau, nhng tng qut l khi bt u thnh 3 ting v khi kt thc nh nhanh 2 ting hoc 3 hi chn ting cho cc loi chung nh khi tng kinh. S lng ting thng l 18, cng c khi thnh 36 ting, 108 ting. Thnh 108 ting biu th hnh gi n lc lm vi cn i 108 loi phin
no ni ni tm. Mi tm ting l biu th s thanh lc 6 cn, 6 trn v 6 thc. Ngoi ra, trong thi cc thnh ca Thin Tng, chung an tr ti thin ng, trai ng gi l chung tng ng, chung trai; chung ti chnh in gi l chung in Nhng v lo vic chung ny gi l chung u. Theo nim tin cho rng ting vang ca chung c th thu n ci a ngc u m, chng sanh no b a ni a ngc nh nghe ting chung ny lin c gii thot. Li na, ting chung thanh thot ca cha c th gip cho loi qu i c nh bt lng tham lam, sn hn m gii thot khi kip ng qu. cc ngi cha Vit Nam hin nay cng nh cc cha Trung Quc thi xa hoc cc cha thuc cc nc theo Pht gio i Tha nh Nht Bn, Triu Tin. ...thng c qu chung ln thnh vo hai bui sng ti trong ngy khi cu nguyn. Gi thnh chung bui sng lc 4 gi hoc trc thi cng phu bui sang, tu theo quy nh ca mi cha. Ngi thnh chung va nh chung va c bi k: Nguyn th chung thinh siu php gii, Thit vi u m tt giai vn. Vn trn thanh tnh chng vin thng, Nht thit chng sanh thnh chnh gic. Ngha l: Nguyn ting chung ny khp php gii, thit vi u m cng nghe c, cn cnh thanh tnh chng vin thng, ht thy chng sanh thnh chnh gic. (Bn dch ca Ha Thng Tr Quang, LUT SA-DI, SA-DI-NI, Pht Hc Vin Quc T xut bn, 1989). Dch th: 1. Nguyn ting chung vang rn php gii Chng sanh ngc St thy u nghe Ting i sch, chng c vin thng Tt c mun loi u gic ng. (Thch Nht T dch)
2. Ting chung nguyn vang rn cc ci Ni Thit Vi tm ti nghe hay m thanh i lng sch thay Chng sanh gic ng, t by an nhin. (Thch Nht T dch)
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ni rng: Thy khng dy bo n nn n mi phi b o lm thn c nh th ny, do nay n mun bo on. Th ri, v Thy y bo c nn n nn sm-hi, Thy y cng v con c m cu siu ch nguyn v ngay m y n c ha kip. V Thy Bn S lin em cy y o thnh hnh con c v treo ln cnh tnh i chng. C th v l do ny cc m trn sau ny cng hay khc hnh con c trn m cnh tnh i chng. Theo sch Thch Th Yu Lm ghi rng: chung, khnh, bn , bn g, m u c kh nng pht ra m thanh mt khi g vo v nh nghe m i chng tp hp nn cc loi u gi l kin chu. Sch Sc Tu Bch Trng Thanh Quy, chng Php Kh cng ni khi dng cm hoc khi ph thnh chng tng u g m. T y chng ta c th hiu lc u m di (loi 1) c dng tp hp Tng chng. Nhng v sao c 2 loi m u khc hnh con c? Sch Sc Tu Bch Trng Thanh Quy ni rng v loi c sut ngy m u tnh, nn khc hnh con c mi khi g, chng ta t nhc mnh phi tnh thc, ch c hn trm, gii i. Ting m vi mc ch chnh l gi trng canh cho i chng khi tng kinh in cho nhp nhng.
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cng dng, trang nghim o trng, dng m thanh lm Pht s, tr gip i chng pht tm thnh knh vi Tam Bo. Ai a trng vo t vin? Nm no? Chng ti cha tm ra ti liu a ra mt gi thuyt kh d. Tuy nhin, da vo bn dch bi Thin S i in v Hn D thi ng Hin Tng nm 820, chng ta thy chung v trng c s dng rng ri trong cc nghi l Pht gio. Do , t nht chng ta on c l trc nm 820, trng c a vo cha lm php kh. Ngy nay, c mt vi nghi thc tn tng min Trung v min Nam s dng trng nh h tr cho qu Thy khi tn tng. Cc loi nghi thc tn tng ny c l cng chu nh hng ca Pht gio Trung Quc, v cc thi tng nim ca Pht gio Trung Quc u c tn, v loi trng nh ny (ngi Vit mnh hay gi l Trng Cm) cng c xem nh mt loi php kh. Cch nh Trng Bt-nh v ngha biu trng: - Mi u nh nhp 2 ting: biu th NH dung thng (php th gian v php xut th gian dung thng, khng ngn ngi). - 3 ting tip (mi ln 1 ting): tng trng cho s khu u quy y TAM BO, nguyn dt tr tam c: tham, sn si. - 7 ting sau (v ting th 7 v 8 nh gp, tnh gp thnh 1 ting), tng trng cho BT NH HI THNH PHT THNG NG, tc tc php thnh Pht thng to. - Nu 7 ting ny tnh thnh 8 ting: tng trng cho cu MA HA BT NH BA LA MT A hoc BT NH HI THNH PHT LAI CHNG MINH, tc tc php thnh Pht chng minh. - Cui cng nh dt 4 ting: tng trng cho chng nhp T .
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1) Vi nim v vic s dng chung, trng, khnh ti n v cc nc khc Theo cun A Dictionary of Symbols (London, 1962, trang 23) cho rng m thanh ca chung l biu tng ca nng lc sng to. Chung treo l lng tng trng cho s huyn b ca tri v t. Hnh dng ca chung xut pht ly t hnh tng vm tri. n bit s dng chung trn 2000 nm v trc, v c l chung c s dng rng ri trong cung nh, c bit trong cc cha chin. Cc hnh thc ngh thut nh iu khc chm chung xut hin vo thi k u ca Pht gio c th c tm thy trn cc bc ph iu trn cc tr ca vua Asoka (A-dc) v cc thp tn tr x-li ca c Pht. Khng phi ti n m ngay c cc nc ln cn chu nh hng ln nn vn ha t tng n nh Tch Lan, Min in cng s dng chung, v sau ny c trng na, biu hin lng thnh ca ngi cu nguyn, v c bit dng khi chm dt mt kha l. Trong cc dp tng nim c Pht, cc chung c s dng cng vi mt s nhc kh khc nh trng, so biu hin lng tn knh c Pht. Tc phm Saddharmlankra, mt tc phm vn hc tn gio thi trung i ca ngi Tch Lan ghi rng: chung c s dng u tin Tch Lan vo nhng dp c bit nh triu tp tng chng. Sau ny dn dn n tr thnh mt phn ca nghi l cng dng m nhc (sabda-pj) cho c Pht. Tn Pht gio Ty Tng tin rng khi h nim ch, nh sc quay chung ca h m cc cu thn ch s i mun ni vn hng, lm vi bt ni au kh ca cuc i. Cho nn Pht gio Ty Tng ch nhiu c chung cm tay cho tn tr nim v c nhng chung ln ln tn quay. D nhin cc loi chung trng n thu ban u khng ging vi cc loi chung trng ngy nay Trung Quc hay Vit Nam, Nht Bn, Triu Tin. Trung Quc trng ch c s dng thc qun ra trn. Chung (mt hnh thc ca ching) c s dng nh du hiu ca rt qun. Trong cc bui l t giao ca thin t khng thy cp n s dng cc loi nhc kh ny. Trng phn ln cng triu tp ba qun tng s hoc ku oan ca quan. Loi trng ny c s dng rng ri v sau trong gii quan li hnh quyt ti nhn php ng.
Theo nh cc thin s ghi li qua cc hnh trng ca mt s v thin s, th ting khnh c tc dng rt ln i vi ngi tu thin. Mt khi thin gi vo cc tng thin nh dit th tng nh th d c tri long t l thn tm ca v y cng bt ng. Tuy nhin, ch vi mt vi ting khnh nh cng nh thc cc Ngi dy. Cu chuyn Ngi H Vn l mt in hnh, trong mt cn thin nh xut thn ko di c tun, ch v Ha Thng khc dng khnh m nh thc Ngi xut nh. Li cui, cu chc qu c s thn tm thng an lc, hng tinh tn lm cc thin s v tu tp tm ca mnh. Chung Trng Bt Nh C Cng Dng G Trong Cha ? Ti mi cha khi c hnh l, trc gi khi s v sau khi chm dt cuc l u c thnh chung trng bt nh. Chung trng bt nh dng thnh Pht t v thnh ch Tng cng nhau hng v in Pht chng minh cho bui l sp din ra c thanh tnh trang nghim. Bi k thnh chung trng bt nh nh sau : Thnh Pht thng ng i chng ng vn Bt nh m Nhp bt nh ba la mt a (c 3 ln) Ngha l : Thnh ch Pht vo chnh in, Xin tt c qu v hin din lu m vang ca chung trng bt nh s ha nhp theo cng vi tr tu sng sut ca ch Pht thnh mt th tnh duy nht.
Thng thng chung trng bt nh c c ln ba hi lc bt u cuc l, nhng khi chm dt c th ch thnh mt hi v cng c bi k nh trn. Ngoi vic n rc v a ch Tng, ch Pht, H Php.., vic nh chung trng bt nh cn tng trng cho ngha tinh thn rt ln l nhn ting chung trng mi ngi c mt trong gi sp hnh l u ch tm vo vic nhip tm cu nguyn. Tht vy, khi nghe ting chung trng bt nh ging ln ai ny trong chnh in u ng dy chp tay cu nguyn, ng thi tm hn ngi nghe cng cm thy nh lng lng thanh thot. V lch s, chung trng bt nh khng do ai by ra, nhng Pht gio cc nc thuc vng ng-Nam- chu u x dng trng cng mt mc ch v vi mt ngha v tinh thn rt ln lao vy. Mun cho cuc l c tm tt v thnh knh, chung trng bt nh khng th thiu c lc bt u v khi chm dt l. Ti Liu Lin H: Php Kh v Php Phc, TT. Thch Tn Ngha --- o0o --Ht