Thin S Ajahn Chah

Tm Thi Ngun http://www.quangduc.com Chuyn sang ebook 30-8-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
Php Thin ca Ajahn Chah Tu Ch Tu Qun Tm tt Trch vi bi php ngn ca Ajahn Chah

---o0o--Ajahn Chah (c ni phin m l Achaan Chaa) (1918-1992) l mt v cao tng Thi Lan ni ting v php Thin thuc Pht gio Nguyn Thy. Ajahn l ting Thi Lan, da theo ting Phn l Acariya (A x l), c ngha l "thy, s" . i c tu theo truyn thng kh hnh ca cc v tng ch sng trong rng ch khng cha ti cc th. Cc v tng ny ch thch sng trong rng, v theo hnh du tng u (dhutanga), hoc sau ny ch ti cc ni xa xi, ho lnh, cc v ch lp mt ch s si tu hnh, m khng lm nhng cng vic khc nh: cng l, dy hc, nghin cu kinh in. Cc v tng ny xa lnh cc ni ng c v mun ht thi gi vo vic hnh Thin mt cch ton vn v nghim chnh. Ajahn Chah sinh trng trong mt gia nh kh gi ti min ng bc Thi Lan. i c xut gia rt sm v th gii T kheo nm 20 tui. i c theo hc nhiu thy, trong c Ajahn Mun l v tng Thi lan ni ting trong th k ny. Sau nhiu nm di chuyn trong rng, tu theo php kh hnh, i c tr v gn vng ni sanh trng v sng ti mt khu rng rm, khng c ngi , ch c nhiu h, rn. Nhng sau mt thi gian th nhiu ngi bit v n xin th hun nn dn d tr thnh cha Wat Pah Pong, gm nhiu nh nh ri rc quanh . Sau ti Thi Lan hng trm cha theo php Thin ca i c c thnh hnh do cc t ca i c dng lp. i c i thuyt php ti

Anh, M v Gia n i. Mt s rt ng ngi Ty phng n Wat Pah Pong th hun v nhiu ngi thnh Tng v tr v nc tip tc truyn b Pht php. Cha ln nht ti ngoi quc ti Chihurst (1979) v Amaravati (1984), Anh quc, vi v tng gc M Ajahn Sumedho tr tr. Ngoi ra cn c trung tm Dhammaloka v thin vin Bodhinyana ti Ty c, v cc thin vin khc Thy S, Tn ty Lan, v.v. Ajahn Chah mt i nm 1992 ti Thi Lan. Nhiu sch bng ting Anh ghi li nhng bi thuyt php ca i c c xut bn, mt s c Trung Tm Narada ti Seattle, Washington dch ra ting Vit. Nh Lai Thin vin San Jose cng c dch mt s sch. ---o0o---

Php Thin ca Ajahn Chah

Cng nh cc php Thin khc ca Pht gio Nam Tng, c th gi php Thin ca i c l vipassana nhng vic thc hnh rt c bit, c m t l "i thng vo trng tm ca Thin Pht gio". Php hnh Thin ca i c gin d v trc tip nh tm v t tr hu. Nhng bi thuyt php ca i c u gin d, khng cu k vi nhng danh t kh hiu, c nhng th d rt thit thc nn i a s c th hiu v hnh c, m vn theo ng Pht php thm su. i c khng chn mt phng php c nh no m ch ty theo hnh gi m ch ng li. C ngi hi i c ti sao nhiu khi nhng li ging gn nh mu thun nhau th i c ni "Nh ti nhn ngi bc i trn ng, nu ngi sp t v rnh bn phi th ti ni h phi bc qua tri, nu ngi sp t v rnh bn tri th ti ni h phi bc qua phi. Vic tu tp ch l gi cho tm thng bng, khng chp vo g c, cn bung x ht." i cng php tu l theo di hi th ra vo cho n khi tm an nh, sau qun xt s din tin ca thn, tm thy r tnh cch V thng, Kh, V ng ca chng. S theo di, thy bit (awareness) mt cch t nhin v hi th cng nh v s din tin (sinh, tr, dit) ca thn, tm l iu cn bn ca php Thin ny. Cn gi s hng bit (mindfulness), tc s thy bit mt cch lin tc, khng b ngoi cnh cng nh nhng ngh lng xng lm gin on. Theo i c th o Pht ch yu l tu tm t n gic ng, gii thot. Tu tm y khng ch ring c ngha n gin l lm iu thin, trnh iu c, m l nhn thng vo tm, qun xt cho k bit r s hot ng v bn

tnh ca n. Mun tu tm th hnh gi phi t c gng, kin tr ch khng c ng thn linh no lm thay mnh c. Nhng mi ngi c mt tm khc nhau nn cng kh ni c mt php no p dng cho tt c mi ngi c, v vy c Pht ch nhiu php khc nhau mi ngi ty cn c p dng. Nh trong kinh T Nim X (Pali: Satipatthana Sutta), l kinh cn bn ca Thin Nguyn thy pht trin Chnh Nim v Tu Gii thot, c k n nhiu php hnh khc nhau ch khng nh r mt php ring bit no. Trong bi kinh , nu tm hiu cn k th s thy c c Samatha (Ch) v Vipassana (Qun). ---o0o---

Tu Ch
Php Thin Pht gio no cng khi u bng tu Ch (Samatha) tp cho tm yn tnh ri mi tin n tu Qun. Php tu ca Ajahn Chah rt l thc t, d hiu nn nhiu ngi c th p dng c. Theo i c th bc u cn p dng php "theo di hi th" (Anapanasati) bng cch ch vo chp mi hoc mi trn gn chn mi, thy r hi th ra, hi th vo ni . "im chnh l phi ghi thy r hi th trong khi thin, nh vy hnh gi hng bit lc no hi th ra v lc no hi th vo. Khi bc i th thy r cm gic khi chn chm t." Lc u nu cha ch tm c th c th theo di hi th vo i qua mi, ngc, bng, cn hi th ra t bng ln ngc v mi. Sau khi c tin b v s ch tm th ch cn theo di hi th mi thi. Trong bc u m s ch tm cn yu th c th dng cu ch "Bud-dho", nim "Bud" (Bt) khi th vo, "dho" (th) khi th ra. Cng c th nim "Dhammo" (Thm-m) hoc "Sangho" (Xng-kh). Cu ch ch c mc ch ch tm ch khng c mc ch no khc nn i c ni l c th dng cu no khc cng c. iu cn l phi tp cho u th mi c kt qu tt. Khi ang theo di hi th nu c ngh khc cht n th cn gt i ch thy bit c hi th. "ng ngh n iu g ht - ch theo di hi th", l iu m i c nhc nhiu ln. Trong khi tu Ch th "ng ngh" y khng phi l ch ni ring n nhng ngh lng xng v ch m ngay c nhng ngh nh c gi cho tm an tnh, nh c gng chng c, hoc c gi cho ng c ngh no ni ln. iu kh khn khi bt u tu Ch l hnh gi mun tm yn tnh ch tm theo di hi th nhng nhng ngh khng u vn o o ni dy, mc d

c em ht ch cng quyt dp b m khng c. Hnh gi tr nn chn nn v ci tm "bt tr" v cho rng khng th no tu c. i c thy r iu ny nn trong nhiu bi ging ch k cng. iu cn trc ht l phi kin tr tip tc v tu tp lu ngy s c kt qu tt ch khng th mun g cng cp tc, tc khc. im chnh l cn bit nhn thng vo tm mnh hiu n th mi c kt qu c. Ci tm cha c luyn tp th c tnh t nhin ca n l vng ng, chy ch ny, chy ch kia, khng lc no ngng. c tnh ca tm phm l vy, mnh ang sng vi phin no th tm khng ngng dao ng. Thy c tnh cht ca tm phm l vy th mnh s khng thy kh s v chn nn khi mun tr n ngay m khng c. Thy iu l bt u nhn r "nh thc", tc vn vt th no, thy c nh vy. Lc hnh gi c th ni: " th ra tm vng tm n l nh vy." Hnh gi s khng cn thy cn phi chng i vi n na. Sau hnh gi ch cn "theo di" hi th, tc l ch thy bit mt cch t nhin, khng phi ch iu khin hi th, cng khng phi l tp trung t tng. i c k kinh nghim ring: "Khi ti khng lm g c bit ht v ti khng ang hnh Thin, th ti thy bnh thng. Nhng khi ti c ch l tp trung t tng th tm tr ti ri lon. Mi c gng bt buc tm mnh an tnh ch l biu th s bm chp v mong cu, iu li cng khin tm ri lon". Tm ang ri lon m nay li thm mun l mnh phi tr cho n yn lng, ch lm tng thm s ri lon. Ni nh vy khng phi l hnh gi c ngi yn cc phin no tip tc khuy ng nh trc. Chnh lc hnh gi thy r nhng cm gic, ngh lng xng ni ln v hiu rng chng ch l trng thi t nhin ca tm vng th s thy l chng khng c mt thc th m ch l hin tng do duyn no to ra thi v do mnh bm nu m c. Th d nh khi ang ngi Thin m c ting ng no lm mnh cm thy bc tc, kh s. Thc ra ting ng t n u c thc mun gy phin no cho hnh gi. M chnh l tm hnh gi to ra phin no . Ting ng l mt hin tng ngoi, m tm hnh gi th nhn ri to ra s bc tc. Ch cn coi ting ng l ting ng, tm mnh l tm mnh, khng bm nu, khng chp vo th mi s an bnh. Bit nh vy, hnh gi ch cn ghi nhn nhng ngh, cm gic ni ln m khng chy theo, bm nu chng th t chng s qua i, sau hnh gi tip tc ch tm vo vic theo di hi th.

 l hnh gi bit tch ri tm v cm gic, khng tm b cm gic chi phi. "Cm gic" (feeling, danh t Pali l Vedana, tc Th) dng theo ngha ca i c l nhng tm trng khi ln khi ngoi cnh hoc hnh bng ngoi cnh qua su cn, tc ng vo tm. Ngay nhng lc khng ngi Thin, hnh gi vn theo di tm trng ca mnh bit r chng ang trng thi no, ang b nhng cm gic no chi phi. Bit chng nhng khng chng chi phi tm mnh. Khi s ch tm thun thc th tm s tr nn an tnh. Php tu ny c li l khi c s hng bit, tc l ch tm mt cch lin tc, th tm vn gi c an tnh ngay trong mi t th nh i, ng, nm, ngi ch khng phi ch an tnh khi ngi Thin, cn khi i, ng th tm li ri bi nh trc. Mc ch ca tu Ch l t c nh. i c cng lu nhng hnh gi khi t c nh tr nn m mi, hi lng v t mn vi tnh trng : "Khi hng bit v mi tc ng v hot ng ca mnh th hnh gi t c tm an nh v trong sng. Nhng ci an nh ny khng phi l mc ch cui cng ca vic tu hnh. Tnh trng an nh gip cho tm tm thi yn tnh, cng nh n th tm thi lm ht cn i lc , nhng khng phi ch c th l . Hnh gi cn bit dng tm an nh nhn s vt di mt nh sng mi, nh sng ca Tr hu." ---o0o---

Tu Qun
Khi tm an nh th b s ch tm theo di hi th v bt u tu qun (vipassana). Qun r thn v tm ny ch l nm un (khandhas) tc l sc, th, tng, hnh v thc hp thnh. Qun r cc un sinh, tr v dit nh th no v thy r tnh cch ca chng l V thng, Kh v V ng (Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta). Thy r c nh vy l thy chn l v thn v tm, tc l t c tr hu (wisdom). Nhiu ngi c quan nim khng ng khi cho rng c nh l ng nhin c Hu. Ngoi o hay t o cng t ti mc nh cao nhng vn khng t c Hu. Theo php Thin ny, khi bit qun ng th hnh gi thu hiu c bn cht ca tm, thy r tm vn thanh tnh, ch c nhng cm gic sng, kh ni ln. V vy nh khi hnh gi cm thy kh, th ch cn ghi nhn c gim gic kh xy ra ch khng ng ha tm mnh vi cm gic . Hnh gi khng cn thy mun bm nu vo cm gic no, d cm gic sng cng vy.

Ch cn ghi bit c mt cm gic hin ra, bit cm gic s theo lut v thng l n n ri s bin i, ng ha vi n l chuc ly kh, v vy chng bm m cng chng cn dit n. Thng thng chng ta thy iu no hay th gi li, nhng tu Thin tht s l d iu hay, iu d cng b ht. "Cui cng th phi nm i ht. Nu iu no sai, nm i; iu no ng, cng nm lun." Khi t Hu th thy r tt c nhng iu nh sng/kh, yu/ght, vui/bun, phi/tri, hn/thua .... u ch l nhng cm gic, c tnh cch V thng, Kh, Khng, V ng nn u ng bung x ht. Php Thin ny l: "Trc ht, bit ch tm theo di hi th l tu Gii (Sila), theo di hi th cho n khi tm nh l tu nh (Samadhi), qun thy hi th c tnh cch V thng, Kh v V ng v khng cn tham luyn g l tu Hu (Panna)". Tu c Gii, nh, Hu l tu Bt Chnh o (Eightfold Path), l con ng Gii thot. "Ngi no tu hnh v t c chn l ny th ngi s thnh Pht." i c ni thnh "Pht" l thnh "ngi gic ng" (One Who Knows), danh t ny thng c nhc nh nhiu ln. i c cng ging: "Thy Thin nhin (Nature) l thy Php, thy Php l thy Thin nhin. Php l Thin nhin, cho nn khng c g m khng phi l Php." "Tm l Php" (The mind is Dhamma) Thin nhin y c ngha l tt c cc s vt v vt cht cng nh v tinh thn. V vy tu hnh l bit r tm ny, cng l bit cc Php. Vic tm ti, hc hi kinh in ch l phng tin bit tm ny thi. Ti mi kha Thin, i c thng yu cu cc thin sinh dp b tt c sch v, d l kinh in, ch ch tm vo vic tu tp, qun xt, tm hiu tm mnh. i c khng bc b kinh in, m ch mun cho chng ta khng nn qu ch tm vo vic tm hiu kinh in m khng ch ti vic thc nghim tu hnh. Nhng im cn bn ca gio l vn thng c i c nhc nh nhng khng qu chi tit v nhng t ng cao xa, bng by hay huyn b. "S hiu bit do hnh Thin vi mt tm an tnh khc xa vi s hiu bit do hc hi."... "ng c sch! Hy c ngay tm mnh. "... "Pht php khng phi l trong sch. Nu mun thc s thy li Pht dy th ng tm trong sch. Hy qun xt ngay chnh tm mnh. Qun xem cc cm gic n v i, cc ngh n v i. ng bm nu vo bt c ci g. " Tuy vy chng ta cng nn nh l nu c may mn c gp nhng v thy chn chnh, nh Ajahn Chah, th vic bt c kinh in mi c th c,

cn nu khng c gp thy hoc gp nhng thy t, ngoi o m khng chu hc tp kinh in th khng khi lm ng, lc li. ---o0o---

Tm tt
"Yu ch ca vic tu hnh rt l gin d, khng cn phi gii ngha di dng. Bung x mi iu yu v ght, mi s vt th no th ch coi chng nh vy. l tt c kinh nghim ca bn thn ti. ng c tr thnh mt ci g. ng bin i mnh thnh mt ci g. ng coi mnh nh mt ngi ang hnh Thin. ng mun tr thnh ngi gic ng. Khi ngi, ch bit ngi, khi i ch bit i. Khng bm chp vo bt c g. Khng chng chi li bt c g." Li ging mi nghe th tht kh hiu nhng biu l s thm su php Thin ca i c. Kh hiu v ngi no khi tu hnh cng mun thnh cng, t c mc ch no v cng hiu l khi tu th phi b nhng tt xu, li lm xa nay c ci g cao qu hn. Nhng theo nhng li ging th i c cho rng tu nh vy l sai lm c sao. Tuy vy nu coi k th thy nhng li khng sai lc vi li dy ca c Pht trong kinh 'Bn mi hai chng': "Cng mt trm ngi thin khng bng cng mt ngi tr nm gii. .... Cng mt trm triu c Pht, khng bng cng mt v v nim, v tr, khng tu, khng chng."(Chng 11) 'Khng tu' l khng thy c g mnh tr thnh, 'khng chng' l khng thy c g chng. Kinh Php Hoa, thuc i tha, ch r tt c chng sinh u sn c Tri kin Pht, tc Pht tnh, khng phi l tu hnh ri mi c. M ni sn c th u c phi khi tu l c, l c g. Nhng hiu nh th th nhng ngi khng tu hnh hoc li bing tu hnh c c vin vo khng tu th tht l ht sc sai lm. Nhng li ni cao xa tht ra l dnh cho nhng ngi tu hnh ti mc cao m t mn cho nh th l mnh chng c ri. Cn thy c "mnh" tc cn chp Ng, thy c "chng c" tc cn chp Php, nh vy cha th ni l ti ch cu cnh c. Chng ta cha t c ti mc th ch nn bit con ng s ti l nh vy, nhng nay th phi tip tc tu tng bc mt. ---o0o---

Trch vi bi php ngn ca Ajahn Chah

---- D chng ta cm nhn th no v i sng ca chng ta, th cng ng tm cch thay i s vt. Thay vo , chng ta ch qun xt v bit chng nh vy. Khi c Kh m bit l Kh th cng thy con ng thot Kh. Tt c cc php Thin u c gi tr l pht trin s hng bit (mindfulness). iu cn thit l dng s hng bit thy c chn l n kn. Vi s hng bit chng ta theo di cc ham mun, thch v ght, hnh phc v au kh, khi chng hin ra trong tm. Thy c chng V thng, Kh v V ng, chng ta bung x chng. Nh vy, tr hu s thay th v minh, tr bit s thay th nghi hoc. ---- Khi ang ngi Thin m tm b xao lng th ngng li v ch tm tr li. Lc u, khi mun ch tm vo mt ch th tm li ko mnh i ni khc. Nhng ng km chng hoc bc bi v chng. Ch cn ghi bit thi v mc vy. Tip tc nh vy. Samadhi (tm nh) s t n n. Khi tip tc tu tp th c lc thy hi th nh ngng li, nhng ng c s hi, ch l cm nhn ngng li. ---- Trong lc ngi Thin c khi thy nhng hin tng khc thng hoc nhng hnh nh l lng -- gi l Nimitta (tng) -- nh thy ho quang, thin thn hoc Pht hin ra. Khi thy vy th quay li nhn xt tnh trng tm mnh lc ra sao. ng nn qun im chnh ny. Ht sc ch . ng mong mun nhng hnh nh hin ra hoc khng hin ra na. Qun xt nhng hnh nh , ng chng li ko i. Coi chng khng phi l tm mnh, chng cng ch c tnh cch v thng, kh v v ng. ng coi chng qu quan trng. Nu chng khng bin i th tip tc ch vo hi th. Tt c ch l o nh, do tm to ra, khin mnh a thch, bm nu hoc s st. ---- Nhiu khi mnh mun bt ci tm phi yn lng, v chnh s c gng li lm cho tm ri lon thm. Chng ta cn tp bung x tt c lng ham mun, d l ham mun gic ng. C nh vy chng ta mi c gii thot. ---- Chng ta khng th mong c c tm an tnh ngay khi mi khi cng hnh Thin. Chng ta phi cho tm t do ngh ngi, mc n hot ng theo c tnh ca n, ch cn quan st n v khng phn ng theo n. ---- Theo nh ti thy, tm nh l mt im, trung tm ca v tr, cn nhng trng thi ca tm th nh nhng ngi khch ti trong mt thi gian ngn hoc di. Cn tm hiu nhng ngi khch cho k. Lm quen vi nhng hnh nh h gi ra, nhng cu chuyn h by ra li ko mnh

theo h. Nhng ng ri khi ci gh mnh ang ngi, ch c mt ci gh thi. Nu mnh tip tc ngi chc chn v khng ri gh, tip n nhng ngi khch khi h n, m vn gi vng s thy bit i tm mnh thnh 'Ngi gic ng', ngi tnh gic, th nhng ngi khch s khng cn ti na. (on ny c th c so snh vi kinh Lng Nghim: khi c Pht c t vn l chng sanh "khng thnh o B l do nhng phin no khch trn m hoc" th lm th no c khai ng, th ng Kiu Trn Nh tr li "do con ng c hai ch khch trn m thnh chnh qu" (on VII). Vic phn bit c ch v khch l iu quan trng trong vic tu hnh. Nhng ngi khch h n ri h i l vic t nhin khng th trnh c, ch cn mnh khng h lm ch, chi phi, li ko mnh theo l ). Ti liu trch dn: -- Bodhinyana, A collection of Dhamma Talks by the Venerable Ajahn Chah (Phra Bodhinyana Thera), Wat Pah Pong xut bn. -- A Taste of Freedom, Selected Dhamma Talks by Ven. Ajahn Chah of Wat Pah Pong -- A Still Forest Pool, The Insight Meditation of Achaan Chah, ca Jack Kornfield v Paul Breiter. Living Buddhist Masters, ca Jack Kornfied Source: Buddhasasana Home Page

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