Trn ng Hong Php Ca Pht T Gotama Tm lc s tch v nhng cuc du hnh ca Pht t Thch-Ca Trng-Quang Nguyn Vn Hiu Ngun

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Hi hng Li gii thiu Li Ta - 01 - S-tch ca Pht-t GOTAMA (C-m) - 02 A. T Buddha-Gaya B. T IsipaTana (Lc-Gi) n thnh Bnars (Ba-La-Ni) D. T Uruvela n thnh Rajagaha (Vng-X) - 03 E. T Rajagaha (Vng-X) sang Kapilavastu (Ca-B-La-V) F. T Kapilavastu (Ca-B-La-V) sang qua thnh Savatthi (X-V) - 04 G. Gi T Savatthi tr li Rajagaha H. T Rajagaha tr li Savatthi I. T Savatthi sang qua Kosambi J. T Kosambi tr li Savatthi K. T Savatthi sang qua Rajagaha L. T Rajagaha c-Pht tr li Savatthi M. c-Pht ng n Vesali N. c-Pht sang qua thnh Rajagaha O. c-Pht sang qua thnh Vesali P. c-Pht t gi Vesali i Kusinara

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Hi hng
Cha Pht-Bo chn thnh tri n Qu Pht-T xa gn, hoan h nh my, xp kinh, ng h tnh ti gip cho quyn kinh "Trn ng Hong Php ca

Pht T Gotama" c ra mt ng ngy l Tam Hp nm 2540 ca c Pht Gotama. Nguyn cu oai lc ti cao ca Tam-Bo, hng gia h cho Qu v cng nhng ngi Thn-Thng trong Gia-nh c nhiu hnh phc, sc khe tt v vn s nh . Nhng Thn Nhn qu vng c th sanh v cnh gii Nhn-Thin. Vi phc bu cao thng ny, cu xin cho Qu v trong vng lun hi, mi kip sanh ln gp ngay Chnh Php ca ng Ton Tri, hu tin tu o nghip sm thnh t o Qu Nit Bn V Sanh Bt Dit.

Ban Hong-Php Cha Pht-Bo Pagode Buddharatanarama 3, Rue Broca 91600 Savigny Sur Orge France Tel: 01 69 96 49 34 -ooOoo-

Li gii thiu
i vi ngi Ty-Phng nhng th-k trc, c Pht Thch-Ca l mt nhn-vt huyn thoi v nhng cu chuyn v Pht-Gio l hoang ng. n cui th-k th 19, nhng cuc khai qut kho c tm thy c nhng di-tch v thch tr do Hong- A-Dc dng ln, 218 nm sau khi c-Pht nhp Nit-Bn, c ghi khc nhiu chi tit lin quan n nhn vt lch-s ny. Nhng chi tit trong kinh sch c minh chng bi nhng di-tch kho-c hc. L Pht-t chng ta khng th khng tm hiu v cuc i c-Pht t lng knh m, hc hi gng lnh v n p cng-n. C tm hiu, chng ta mi cm thy thng knh v cng mt con ngi nh tt c chng ta, sinh ra di mt ci cy, t lc gic ng di mt ci cy (B-) v vin tch di bng mt ci cy khc. Hu ht cuc i ca Ngi tri qua

trong cnh thin nhin v trong lng mc mc du c iu kin sng trong cung vng in ngc hay trong nhng ngi cha nguy nga lng-ly. Bn mi lm nm Hong-Php l bn mi lm nm nhit thnh tch cc cu , dn dt chng-sanh ra khi vng au kh lun-hi. m ch ngh 4 ting, ngy khng ngng, chu du thuyt ging, n gi pht cui mc du hi tn, sc kit, vn c gng cu ngi o s xa l cui cng. Tht l mt i hy-sinh y cm-ng. tng nh n ng cha lnh, nhn ngy i l VESAK 2540, k-nim ba bin c trong i n-Sanh, Thnh-o v Nhp Nit-Bn ca Pht-T Thch-Ca, chng ti xin php ti-bn quyn "Trn ng hong-php ca Pht-t GOTAMA" do C Trng-Quang Nguyn Vn Hiu, c Hi trng Tng Hi Pht-Gio Nguyn-Thy Vit-Nam, bin son nm 1959 ti KVin T, Sign. Xin a t qu Pht-t ng gp cng-c v tnh-ti hon thnh quyn sch ny nht l v chng o-hu Ng Ngc Minh, B inh th Oanh, B Dng th Bch-Tuyt v cc Thin tn cha Pht-Bo dy cng nh my in ton, sp xp v in li thnh sch. Xin thnh tm knh dng qu phc thanh cao do s php th ny n cc bc n-S Thy-T, Cu-Huyn Tht-T, cc v C-s tin bi, cc Ch-thin v Long thn H-php, cc chng-sanh trong ba gii bn loi, xin cho tt c u c an-vui hnh-phc trong ho-quang ca Chnh-Php. Ban Hong-Php Pht-Gio Nguyn-Thy T-Khu C-MINH Dng Lch 1997 - Pht-Lch 2540 -ooOoo-

Li Ta
Cc bc V-Nhn ng-Phng lm vic chi cng ch v mu-cu li-ch cho nhn-qun x-hi m hnh-ng. Danh thm ting tt lu li mun i, i vi cc Ngi, gi tr khng cao qu bng tinh-thn phc-v nhn-loi. Bi th cc bc Hin-trit -chu nh c-Pht Thch-Ca, c Khng-t, c Lo-t khng li mt trang lch-s no.

i sng ca c-Pht Gotama (Thch-Ca), tri qua 80 nm trong vng thk th 6 trc Gia-t, m c vang di n nay l nh thuyt khu-truyn ca gii Tng-gi. Nhng ti-liu lch-s y c khi chp, mt cch ns v ri-rc trong nhiu b kinh, trn l Bi-a, li 100 nm trc knguyn Gia-t. i ba trm nm sau, hng C-s da theo vit ra nhiu s-tch khc nhau; mi ni ty theo phong-tc tn-ngng, t-im thm nhiu mu sc huyn-b thn-thoi, lm cho c-Pht, mt nhn-vt lch-s, tr thnh mt v thn-linh tru-tng trong gii siu-hnh. Ti liu v lch-s c-Pht, trong Tam-Tng Pal, c xc-thc chngminh bi nhng di-tch v thch-tr, do Hong- A-Dc dng ln, 218 nm sau khi c-Pht nhp Nit-Bn, c s Kho-C n- tm ra. Chng ti thu nht cc ti liu ri-rc trong kinh, trong cc bi ging ca i-c Narada Maha Thera, trong bt k ca mt vi nh S Vit-Nam c dp i chim bi Pht-Tch ti n- v trong nhng sch kho-cu ca cc nh hc Pht u-chu v sp xp theo th t, cn-c theo phng lp li cc cuc hnh trnh ca c-Pht, trong 45 nm Hong-Php, trn luvc sng Hng v min k cn Hy-M-Lp-Sn. pht ha con ng gian-trun cc-kh ca mt bc Hin-trit y nhnni, trn kip hy-sinh cho i, chng ti cn-c ni cc a-im ghi chp trong kinh sch v sp t theo v-tr a-d gn xa ca cc kinh-thnh m xa kia c-Pht chn n. V thi gian, chng ti cng phng-lp mt k-s i lc, lin-h vi nhng hot ng ca c-Pht v nhng vic tun-t xy ra trn ng chu-du ca Ngi; trong Tam-Tng chng c ghi chp nm, thng, ngy, gi no c-Pht ng ni y hoc sang ni khc. Chng ti t ra nhng cu hi tin b nhn mnh vo mt vi im cn thit v nht l lu- cc bn thanh-nin Pht-t v nhng on ng ghi nh cng nhn nh cho r-rt, hu lp-tm phc-v Pht-Php mt cch sng-sut. Chng ti thy cn phi ci m nhng thc-mc v hoi-nghi ca cc bn thanh-nin v danh-t "Php Thn-Thng", m ch cc php l m i khi c-Pht phi dng n cm phc ngi ngoi o cng nh cu nhng k lm nn. y khng phi l mt iu d-oan, m l mt vic

thng thng ca cc bc tin n trnh cao-siu v trit-thu nhng b-n ca v-tr. Vi phng-php ch qun, Minh-st trong mn thin nh, mi ngi c th khai thng trc-gic v t c cc php mu nhim nh: thy xa ngn dm, nghe xa ngn dm, c t-tng ngi khc, tng hnh i dng, i trn khng-gian hoc s-dng theo mun nhng nguyn-t tinh-thn vt l. Khoa-hc, tuy cha tin sau vo lnh-vc tinhthn, nhng cng ch-to nhng my mc ti-tn thu thanh, truyn hnh, tu bay, ha tin, vv..., m trc kia chng ai tin-tng rng loi ngi c th tin b n mc hin gi. Cng nh th y, khi cha ai t c ktqu thin nh nh c-Pht v -t ca Ngi, hoc nh cc bc tu-chng trong o-gio khc, th cng khng ai tin ni cc php thn-thng, nhng khi ngi no t c kh-nng s-dng nhng tim-lc su kn ca vtr, ngi y s khng ly lm l. Sau cng chng ti mong c Ch Pht-t gn xa ch dy nhng khuytim hoc nhng sai lm, chng ti sa cha li cho quyn sch thm phn hon b. K-Vin-T, Si-Gn 21-11-1959 -ooOoo-

- 01 - S-tch ca Pht-t GOTAMA (C-m)

1- Ai l V Gio-ch ca o-Pht? Chnh l c-Pht Gotama (C-m). Tn-hiu ngi ta thng dng l Pht Sakya-Muni, m-tri qua ging Vit-Nam l Thch-Ca Mu Ni hay Thch-Gi Mu Ni, ngha l Bc Tr-Tu ca dng Thch-Ca. 2- Pht l ngi nh th no? c-Pht l ngi bin-ha n mc ton thin, ton m v t tm ra nh sng chn-l, thu r nh-lut cu-hp thin nhin ca vn-vt, cho nn khng cn b di quyn chi-phi ca nh-lut y na, tc l c hon ton gii-thot khi vng sanh-t lun-hi. T mnh gii thot ri, c-Pht cn mt ngha-v thing-ling l hng dn chng sinh theo Ngi n ni

an-vui tuyt i, ni khng cn kh, khng cn sanh, gi, au, cht gi l Nit-Bn. 3- Pht phi l mt v Tri khng? Khng, Pht cng l ngi nh chng ta nhng l mt ngi c nht v nh, c mun triu c nm mi gp c mt ngi nh th. 4- Ngi tn h l chi? Tn ca Ngi l Siddhattha (S-t-Ta). H ca Ngi l Gotama (C-m). 5- Thn-sinh ca Ngi l ai? Vua Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn-Vng) v Hong-hu Maya (Ma-da). Honghu sanh Thi-t Siddhattha dc by ngy ri thng-h; nh b Th-hu Mahapajapati hay Gotami l d rut sn-sc nui dng n trng thnh. 6- Dn chng di quyn cai-tr ca Vua Suddhodana thuc v dn no, dng no? Dn n-, dng Sakya (Thch-Ca), thuc ging Ariya da trng u-Chu v -Chu, gn dn Latins (), Germans (c) v Slaves (T-Lp-Phu). 7- Nc ca Vua Suddhodana u? ? ng-Bc n-, di chn Hymalaya (Hy-M-Lp-Sn), Kinh- l Kapilavastu (Ca-B-La-V), trn b sng Robini, cch thnh Bnars 150 cy s v hng Bc. 8- Hong-t Siddhattha ra i lc no? ng ba trng trn ngy th 6 thng Vesakha (Nhm thng Nm dnglch hoc thng T m-lch, nm Tut). Cch y 2.582 nm trc k nguyn Gia-t 623 nm (1.959 + 623). 9- Lc Hong-t Siddhattha ra i c im chi l? C. Chnh cc thy B-La-Mn lm quc-s v chim tinh gia trong tro bo trc im lnh; Hong-t Siddhattha s tr thnh mt v i Hong-,

thng tr cc x. Bng nh Hong-t xut-gia tm o. Ngi s tr thnh mt v Pht, mt nh sng cho th-gian. 10- Cn im lnh no na chng? Cn. Thu y mt v o-s tn Asita, ng n-tu trn Hy-M-Lp-Sn, on bit c qu-nhn ra i, lin h sn n thnh Kapilavastu, xin ra mt v Hong-t s-sinh. Va gp Hong-t, v o-s y cung knh ci ly v ni rng mt ngy kia Hong-t s thnh ng V-Thng Chnh-Gic v lm thy hng dn Ch-Thin v nhn-loi trn ng gii-thot. Ri v o-s khc-lc tc ti, bun ti phn gi, khng th sng n thi k Hong-t c qu Pht nh Ngi t . 11- Khi nghe li tin-tri ca o-s Asita, Vua Suddhodana c t v vui thch khng? Khng. Tri li vua cha tm mi phng-php ngn nga khng cho Hong-t xut-gia bi Ngi mun cho con tr thnh mt v -Vng hng cng, tr v thin h. 12- Vua Suddhodana dng phng-php chi cm gi Hong-t Siddhattha? Khi Hong-t ln ln, vua cha khng cho la cung ni, ra lnh nghim-nht khng ai c php th-l cho Hong-t thy bit nhng s bun thm, bnh-tt v nhng cnh au kh, t-bit trong i. Ngy ngy, Hong-t sng gia yn-tic, ca-xang; ht cuc vui ny n tr vui khc, lm cho Hong-t say-m, khng quan-tm lo ngh n th-s. Ngoi ra cn c nhiu danh-s chuyn dy vn chng v-ngh, rn-luyn cho Hong-t c ti ba li-lc. n lc trng thnh, vua cha to cho Hong-t ba ta cung in thch hp vi ba ma trong x: Ma nng, ma lnh v ma ma. Bn trong cung-in c trang hong cc-k sang-trng; bn ngoi c vn thng uyn rng ln bao la, cy ci sum-s, bng hoa mu, h sen, sui nuc v nhiu thng cnh vui-p lm cho Hong-t cng say-m cuc i vng-gi trong ci tui xun-xanh m-mng. 13- Hong-t sng ni y mt mnh tr-tri hay sao?

Khng. trnh cnh n-c, khng thch-hp vi -nh ca hong-triu, vua cha chn la gia hng cng tn, nhng trai ti y hy-vng v tnglai, hng ngy vui sng bn cnh Hong-t. n khi va c 16 tui, Vua cha ci cho Hong-t nng Cng-cha Yasodhara (Da-Du--La), con vua Suppabuddha v Hong-hu Amita (B ny l em rut ca Vua Suddhodana, tc l c rut ca Hong-t) ca x Devadaha k-cn, li cn cp cho mt on cung-phi tr tui yu-kiu dim-l, rnh ngh ca-xang nhc v. 14- Gia i sng cc k vui sng nh th y, c sao Hong-t li ny sanh t-tng chn i? Lc do chi trong vn thng uyn, tnh c c mc-kch bn hin tng phi-thng, Hong-t cht tnh thy r tnh trng kh-no ca i sng th-gian. 15- Bn hin tng y nh th no? a) Mt ngi gi qun-qui di s tn-ph suy-nhc ca xc-thn. b) Mt ngi au kh v bnh l-li cng khp thn-th. c) Mt t-thi snh-nhy hi-thi gm nhm. d) Mt v thy tu. 16- Xin tng thut bn hin tng y? a) Mt ngy n, Hong-t i do chi trong vn thng uyn, bng gp mt ng gi thn hnh cn da bc xng, khom lng, chng gy, hai chn run-ry, bc ti nng nhc, t v ngi tn-t di sc nng ca tui gi. Hong-t ly lm ngc-nhin (v cha tng thy), ku tn xa-phu hi: Ka Channa (Xa-Nt), ngi g k l vy? - Channa tr li: Tu Hong-t, y l mt ngi gi. Ngi y sinh ra vi hnh th nh vy sao? - Tu lnh Ngi, trc kia ngi y cng trng kin, tng-tn, khe-mnh nh Ngi.

Cn nhiu ngi gi nh ng y chng? - Tu Ngi, c rt nhiu. Ti sao ng ny phi lm vo tnh-trng bun thm nh vy? - y l nh-lut thin-nhin, dnh chung cho nhn-loi; ht lc xun-thi trng-kin, n tui gi-yu suy-nhc, da nhn, m hp, mt l, tai ic, lng mi, gi dn. Ta y cng s gi nh vy sao, Channa? - Cng vy, tu Ngi. Cu tr li ca Channa nh mnh vo tm-tr ca Hong-t, lm cho Ngi ngc-nhin kinh-s, lng thinh suy-ngh. T nh n ln cha tng gp mt thm-cnh no khu gi trng-hung bi-quan ca s-phn loi ngi n nh th, nn Hong-t bun-b, bo Channa quay xe tr v cung-ni. b) Mt thi-gian sau, cng trong mt cuc du-ngon trong vn thnguyn, Hong-t gp mt ngi b gh chc, l-li cng mnh, rn sit khs. Channa cng gii thch cho Hong-t bit thn ngi l ni pht-sanh rt nhiu th bnh-tt v mi ngi bt lun tr gi, sang hn, khng ai trnh khi c. Nghe qua, Hong-t pht gh-tm ci xc-thn v bt u chn-nn cuc i. T , Hong-t khng cn vui th dc-tnh, ngy m lo ngh tm kim phng-php dit-tr s gi v s au. c) Sau mt thi-gian na, Hong-t gp mt t-thi snh-nhy ni cnh ng. Ln ny cng nh Channa vch r cho Hong-t thy ci cht l mc cui cng ca con ngi. T thng dn n vua cha, khi ra i u phi tin ln n ch cht, khng ai trnh khi v cng khng ai bit c mnh s cht gi hay cht tr. Hong-t gn hi Channa: Ta y cng s cht hay sao?

- Tu Ngi, trong hon-v ny, khng mt ai thot khi tay t-thn. Nu Ngi cho php ti ni s tht, ti xin tu rng: Mt ngy kia, Ngi cng s cht nh mi ngi th-gian. Li qu quyt ca Channa lm cho Hong-t khng cn ng-vc, lin hi quay xe tr v hong-cung. em ht tm tr suy-tng n ci gi, ci au, ci cht, Hong-t kt-lun: ch-li g ci i vinh-quang oanh-lit ca nh vua, nu nhng chui ngy hnh-phc chn lu son in ngc s a ta n ch gi au, cht? hi! i ngi tht l khn kh, tm u cho ra con ng dit-kh? T khng gi khc no Hong-t xao lng vic tm kim con ng dit-kh. d) Mi mt c tinh-thn tr-no m tm cng khng ra li thot, Hong-t bo Channa b xe th-thn trn nhng con ng xa xm u-tch ca vn thng-uyn. Ngi trn xe m tm-tr vn ch vo mc gii-thot khi cnh gi, au, cht. Bng nhin, trc mt Hong-t xut hin mt o-s du-phng, phong- uy-nghim, sc-din trm tnh di b o nu sng. Hong-t cht tnh, lnh-hi im lnh, bit rng y l con ng duy-nht phi tri qua khm ph nguyn nhn tri-ct con ngi trong ch gi, au, cht. (Theo kinh sch, im ng-hin ny, cng nh ba im trc, do nng lc su kn ca cc php Ba-La-Mt m Hong-t thc hnh trong nhiu kip, t nhin xut-hin lm tr duyn gip Hong-t t tnh xut-gia cho kp thi. Theo mt ngun ti-liu khc, th bn cuc gp-g ni trn xy ra trong khi Hong-t xin php vua cha i do chi ngoi bn ca thnh. Thuyt ny khng hp vi bao nhiu c-gng ca Vua Suddhodana cm gi Hong-t trong cung-ni v s Hong-t gp nhng kh cnh ngoi i, chn-nn i tu). T Hong-t nht nh xut-gia tm o. 17- Hong-t hy sinh c mt i sng vng-gi c sao? Trnh tin-ha ca mt v B-Tt hy-sinh nhiu kip vi ch-nguyn i, khng th tng-tng c. Ngi tng b-th ti-sn, v con, tai mt, mu tht v thn mng, t V-lng kip em li hnh-phc cho chng-sanh, th s chi ngi vng, in ngc, v p, hu sinh trong mt tntung m Ngi tng din i, lp li, trn con ng phiu-bt gia ci

lun hi. Bi th B-Tt Siddhattha dt b nhng nhn-vt thng yu mt cch d-dng. Nu gm Tr-Tu ca Ngi cha sc-bn th kip ny cha phi l kip cht thnh-cng c-qu. 18- Trn cha, la v, Hong-t h chng phi l ngi tht-hiu, bctnh? Khng th da ni tnh-thng ch-k ca cha i vi con, v i vi chng, m khp cho Hong-t ci ti tht-hiu, bc-tnh. Lng t-bi ca mt v B-Tt bao trm c mun loi vn-vt. Tnh-thng bnh-ng mi gi l chn-tht v hy-hu. V li, B-Tt ch tm-bit gianh mt thi-gian, khi thnh-cng c-qu tr v cu- gia-nh quynthuc. Cng chng v s vng mt tm thi y m cha gi, v yu, con th phi i kh, m gi Hong-t l ngi tht-hiu, bc-tnh. 19- Hong-t trn ra i bng cch no? Gia m trng trn ca ngy rm thng 6 nm Mo, trong lc mi ngi an gic, Hong-t s ln vo phng nhn v, xem con, ri tr ra nh thc Channa, bo thng nga Kanthaka (Kin-trc), thy tr ra i khng ai hay bit. 20- Lc y Hong-t Siddhattha c my tui? Hong-t va c 29 tui. 21- Hong-t i v hng no? Hong-t i v hng ng-Nam, thng n bn kia b sng Anoma, dng nga ly gm ct tc, ci trang phc bn ngoi, giao cho Channa, bo tr v Kapilavastu yu cu Vua cha v Cng-cha Yasodhara an tm cho Ngi i tm o. Sau khi Channa ln nga tr v, Hong-t li b sng Anoma by ngy, tnh-ta gia cnh u-tnh, rt vui thch c tin mt bc u trn ng xut-gia. Ri sau khi i y-phc cho mt ngi o-s, Ngi ln ng ln bc n Rajagaha (Vng-X thnh), kinh- ca x Magadha (M-Bit-). (T y ngi ta gi Hong-t l Sa-mn Gotama, hay B-Tt Siddhattha, trong lc Ngi cha thnh Pht).

22- B-Tt Siddhattha n Rajagaha lm g? Gn thnh Rajagaha c hai thy B-la-mn tn Alara v Uddaka ni danh l bc Tr-Tu siu phm, nn B-Tt n xin th-gio vi hai v danhs y. 23- Hai thy B-la-mn y dy nhng chi? Hai thy dy phi tm gi linh-hn bng kinh-k, cng t v mi cch hnhl cu xin n-hu ca Thng- cho c gii-thot. 24- Sa-mn Gotama c cho tn-ch y l chn-chnh khng? Ban-s B-Tt c-gng hc tt-c gio-l ca hai v B-La-Mn v tinh-tn thc-hnh nhng khng thy tin c bc no n mc ch gii-thot. 25- Khng c toi nguyn B-Tt i tm o ni u na? B-Tt cn i th-gio vi nhiu o-s khc, trong vng k cn Rajagaha, hc tu kh-hnh dit tr i-dc phin-no. Hc xong B-Tt vo n-dt trong mt khu rng tch-mch, ti lng Uruvela v ht sc kin-nhn, giam mnh trong mi php hnh thn hoi th, cc k kh s. Ting n Ngi l Bc Thnh-nhn, nn c nm ngi ng tu kh hnh nh Ngi n xem cho bit. Thy tn mt h em lng knh-phc, cho rng B-Tt Gotama tht l ngi c tinh-thn cng rn v can-m trong php kh-hnh. H tintng mt ngy kia B-Tt s thnh-cng c qu chng sai, nn xin li , mong s c lm mn- ca B-Tt. 26- Nm Thy y tn chi? Tn: - Kondanna (Kiu-Trn-Nh hay Ha-Kh) - Bhaddiya (Bt- hay Tiu-Hin) - Vappa (Thc-Lc hay Khi-Kh) - Mahanama (Ma-Nam hay i-Danh) - Assaji (t-B hay M-S hay M-Thng). Thng gi l nhm nm Thy Kiu-Trn-Nh.

27- B-Tt Gotama ti rng Uruvela bao lu? Gn su nm. Sc lc cng ngy cng suy-nhc, thn th gy cm, do s nhn n, thc m, thc ngy, mt-mi r-lit nhng khng thi chuyn. Mt m n, B-Tt i kinh-hnh mc-tng, t qu cht gic v kit sc. Nm Thy Kiu-Trn-Nh tng B-Tt cht nhng mt chp sau Ngi tnh li. 28- B-Tt cn tip tc tu kh-hnh na khng? Khng. Ngi thy php kh-hnh khng em li thnh-cng v giithot ... c-gng liu thn n cng, m vn khng t c mc-ch, cng khng thy tin ha v mt tinh-thn, B-Tt nht nh b li hnh xc v bt u n ung tr li nh thng. Nm Thy Kiu-Trn-Nh thy vy cho rng B-Tt thi-ch ng-lng, nn b ra i ni khc, khng cn tintng ni Ngi na. 29- ni rng B-Tt l bc Tr-Tu, sao cng lm-lc theo m-tn? Chng phi vy. Tin nhng iu chi m-m, v cn-c, khng ng vi chn-l, m vn c tin, c thc-hnh mi gi l m-tn. Sa-mn Gotama l ngi tht tm gii-thot, khng bao gi tin bng, nghe cng, cng chng h t trn tin-tng ni mt tn-gio no trc khi nghin-cu v thc hnh chu o. Nghe ni u c danh-s, du ng s xa xi him tr. B-Tt cng tm n hc o v trong khi hc, Ngi em tt c tinh-thn ngh-lc, kin-nhn suy-tm chn-l tn ni huyn-vi su-kn, dng Tr-Tu suy-xt v thc-nghim o-php nhn-nh chnh-t; nh th chng phi l m-tn. B-Tt Siddhattha l ngi duy-nht c-cng kho-cu v thc-hnh tt c o-gio trong thi k Ngi i tm o. Nh ch kin-nhn m Ngi khng lm-lc v cng nh Tr-Tu xt on nn Ngi mi tm ra chn-l. 30- n u cng khng c toi-nguyn B-Tt c thi-ch ng lng chng? Khng. kinh-nghim bao nhiu php cu-khn, cng-t, hnh-xc m khng c k s-nguyn, by gi B-Tt nh t vch ly con ng tinha sng-kin ca mnh. B kh-hnh, B-Tt p-dng phng-php thu-

thc Lc-cn, ch-ng dc-vng. ng thi nh cnh c-c, c tnh tm an-tr, B-Tt khai thng nhng kinh-nghim sn c v lm pht-trin nhng tim-lc siu-vit bn trong. Mt m n, B-Tt thy triu-chng sp thnh-cng c-qu. Sng ngy B-Tt xung sng Niranjara (Ni-Lin) tm ra sch-s, ri th mt ba cm sa ca nng Sujata. Nng ny, trc kia c khn-vi vi v Th-thn, xin c gp mt ngi chng va- v sanh c mt trai u lng. Li khn-vi y thnh-tu nn sm mt mm cm nu sa ti em ra cy c-th cng tr l cho v Th-thn. Trng thy B-Tt ng ngi trm-t mc-tng di ci cy, nng tng rng v Th-thn ng-hin nn thnhtm em cm dng cng cho B-Tt. Sau khi th-thc, B-Tt thy trong mnh khe-mnh phi-thng. Trn ngy B-Tt ngi trn b sng tham-thin qun-tng. Chiu li, Ngi n ci B- k-cn, ngi xy mt v hng ng v nht-nguyn khng la khi ni y trc khi c o-qu. Chnh di ci B- ny, B-Tt Siddhattha chin thng v-vang trn gic cui cng ht sc kh-khn. 31- Trn gic th no m gi kh-khn? a) Tht-tnh lc-dc l nhng bm-th thin-nhin, hng a con ngi n sa-a iu-linh. B-Tt lun lun thu-thc, -nn, khng cho cc tt y chi phi nn trong thi gian xut-gia tm o, nhng bm-th c hu bn trong, ta h nh b dit tn gc r; chng d trong giai-on ch-yu ny, bao nhiu th-dc v khuynh-hng v th-gian, by lu n-khut im-bt trong tim-thc, thnh-lnh lp-le phn-ng, gy ra mt bc tng chng-ngi kin-c. V th B-Tt phi quyt-lit chin u vi Dc-Lu Phin-No ny (Kamsava). b) Sau mi gic th nht xut hin mt lot o-gic bc-l nhng ho-thch v cc lc-th tng nm tri, kch-thch s mn-tic v mong-c c sng cho lu di, tn-hng mi-v hng-trn. Bit c s tham sng l ci r, nhn-sanh ra bn-thn ny v cng l ngun gc ca mi s khno dnh lin vi thn, B-tt gom thn-lc Tr-Tu, ty-tr nhng trn-cu, lu i chng-cht, tch-tr trong tm-khm ca Ngi. y gi l TiSanh Lu Phin-No (Bhavsava).

c) K tip xut hin trong tm B-Tt mt mn-nh rt linh-ng: No l lc cao, tc-trng, thanh-danh, uy-quyn, giu sang, vinh-hin, i-tnh, dc-lc, hnh-phc, gia-nh cho n tt c nhng th-v, nhng vui-sng ca ngi c c-bit u-i trn th-gian nh B-Tt, u lin-tip biu-hin nhng tranh-cnh rt cm-d, lm cho B-Tt b cm-kch, xiu-lng, tnthi lng-nan. y gi l V-Minh Lu Phin-No (Avijjsava). Cht nh li li cng-quyt th-nguyn "Th cht hn l t b mc-ch gii-thot". Sa-mn Gotama lin vn-dng tt-c tim-lc Tr-Tu phi-thng, hngdng chin-u v ton thng trn gic-lng rt gh-tm c-nghit. Sau khi nhng du vt cui cng ca ba Php Trm-lun bn trong c dt-khot t?y-tr th s vng-lng su-kn ca Nit-Bn trn-ngp ci lng, B-Tt nng Tr-Tu ln t nc Gic-Ng n nh Tu-Gic VinMinh tuyt-i. Mn V-Minh b x tan, Ngi t c mc ch cucnh, chng qu Ton-Gic thnh mt v V-Thng Ch-Tn, mt V Pht. 32- Ngy gi no B-Tt thnh Pht v lc y Ngi c my tui? Trn chin u cui cng thng mi vi-t phin-no bn trong va chm dt th tri va sp ti, trng rm thng Vesakha l mc, rng t chn tri. Chnh trong m trng trn thng Vesakha y, B-Tt Siddhattha chng qu v Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic nhm nm Du, ngy th t k ti nay c 2.547 nm (1959 + 623 - 35). Lc y Ngi c 35 tui. 33- Xin gii r th no gi l c qu V Pht? Nh trau-di Tr-Tu sc bn, do php Thin-nh Minh-st, B-Tt tn-dit gc r phin-no vi-t trong tim-thc, khng cn mt chng ngi no che n, nn tm-thn thanh-thot, sng-sut cng sng-sut thm. Thng c trn gic lng ri, trong canh mt B-Tt dng Tu-Gic soi thy trong mi kip lun-hi, t gn n xa, Ngi sanh ni u, lm chng-sanh cnhgii no, cha, m, v, con l ai. Tu-Gic thu r tin kip ca mnh gi l Tc-Mng-Minh (Pubbenivasanusatinna). Qua canh hai, B-Tt dng Tu-Gic soi cng khp ba-gii bn-loi thy chng-sanh b trm-lun trong su no lun-hi (Tri, Ngi, Sc-sanh, Atu-la, Ng-qu, a-ngc) do s gy nhn to-nghip (nhn qu bo ng). Tu-Gic ny gi l Thin-Nhn-Minh (Cutuppatanna).

Qua canh ba, B-Tt dng Tu-Gic quan-st i sng ca chng-sanh thu r php T- (Catu-riyasacca) l bn iu chn-tht v: - Ci Kh trong i - Nhn sanh Kh - S Dit-Kh - Phng-php Dit-Kh. Tu-Gic ny gi l Asavakkhaynna (Lu-Tn-Minh). c c ba ci Tu-Gic ni trn, B-Tt thu r ci nh-lut cu-to su loi chng-sanh trong ba ci: (Dc-Gii, Sc-Gii, V-Sc-Gii) nn khng cn dnh-mc trong nh-lut y tc l hon-ton gii-thot khi vng sanht lun-hi. T y B-Tt chng-qu V Pht cng gi l o-qu NitBn V-sanh Bt-dit. 34- B-Tt Gotama thnh Pht ri, cn trong rng Uruvela bao nhiu ngy? T nay khng cn dng hai ch B-Tt na bi B-Tt (Bodhisatta) c ngha l chng-sanh c Tr-Tu. Khi chng-sanh y thnh Pht ri ta phi dng danh-t Pht Gotama (Buddha Gotama) hay Pht Thch-Ca Mu-Ni (Buddha Sakya Muni). Trong lch-s c ch ni rng: c-Pht li rng Uruvela by tun nht (49 ngy), c ch ni Ngi bn tun (28 ngy). a) Sau khi t c chn-l ri, c-Pht nhp i-nh trn by ngy di ci B-. Qua ba th tm Ngi n Tnh-ta di cy Ajapla (cy dng) gn suy-ngh v o qu m Ngi chng-ng. Ngi thy chn-l em li hnh-phc ti cao nhng rt kh t. Ch c bc Minh-trit, ihng i-lc mi tu chng c. Nhn-loi ng xao-xuyn theo bn-nng ch bit vui thch trong vng trn-tc, nn khng th nhn-thc c lut Tun-hn, lut Nhn-qu: kh hp-th c gio-l ca Nh-Lai, bi giol y bt-buc phi xa-lnh th-s, thng-phc dc-vng luyn-i mi tin c trn ng gii-thot. b) Ngh nh th c-Pht do d ri xt li thy cn phi em o-php ra ch dy cho ngi i bng mt ng li r-rt v gin-d, ty cn-c v duyn nghip, mi ngi c th thu r c t nhiu chn-l. Ch c

phng-php y mi ph- c chng-sanh v cho h c quyn bnhng t-do trn ng tu-hc. l -nh ca c-Pht v phng cch Hong-php -sanh. 35- Nghe rng c-Pht c mt k cu-ch eo theo ph-khuy, nhiuhi, k l ai? Ngi xa hay dng th-d, ng-ngn cng ngha bng ct yu t-im thm v huyn-b cho nhng on lch-s ca v Gio-ch. Nhiu kinh sch cha y s-tch thn-thoi, khng thch-hp vi i nay li cn lm cho thng-tn gi-tr ca nn o-gio cao-siu ca c-Pht. Ngi ta mun che-y nhng s tht xy ra, chng qua l s gim uy-tnh v thanhdanh ca bc Ch-tn. V ngi ta tru-tng mt con qu lm k cu-ch ca c-Pht. Con qu y c t tn l Ma-Vng. Ty trng hp Ma-Vng c nhiu ngha: - Ma-Vng l tng-trng ca th-tnh bn-nng, tt-xu, khuynh-hng theo i, mi s kh-no, phin-mun, tham-mun - Ma-Vng l nhng g ct tri con ngi trong vng sanh-t lun-hi, trong bin kh trm-lun - Ma-Vng l T-thn, l cha ca ci tri th su trong Dc-gii gi l ci T-ti bin-ha - Ma-Vng ng vai tr tng-tr nh Sa-tng bn Thin-cha gio. cCha Jsus b Sa-tng cm d trong bi sa-mc nh th no, di ci B-, c-Pht Gotama b Ma-Vng cm d mung-tng nh th y 36- Lc no c-Pht cm thng Ma-Vng? Lc hong-hn, trc gi thnh o, B-Tt Siddhattha chin u dp yn trn gic lng (Nh ghi chp ni cu gii s 30 on a v b). 37- Xin cho bit c-Pht cm thng Ma-Vng nh th no? Di ta : "c-Pht cm thng Ma-Vng" sch ghi rng: c bo tin nguy-cp, k th khng dung th c l Sa-mn Gotama sp thnh Pht, Ma-Vng cp-tc huy-ng mt ngn ngi con v cc tng-soi rn-r ko binh bao-vy B-Tt. Mt o binh gh-tm, cha tng nghe, cha tng

thy ton l nhng qui-vt k-hnh, d-tng, li di, nanh nhn, mt la, nhm khng tay, nhm c ngn tay, nhm khng u, nhm c ngn u, loi yu-qui, c l mang s ngi, l khc phun ra nhng rn c, nhm th x , ln cy, x tn, nhm lm ma, lm sm-st, vn-dng ton-lc, c h-st cho c v Sa-mn c-c ng tnh-ta di ci B-. MaVng ch huy c-sut nhng binh-ma tng-qu chng h va ng ti chn lng ca B-Tt. Cc php Ba-la-Mt v lng t-bi V-lng ca Ngi lm mt hng ro kin-c, bo v Ngi bnh-an v-s. Tn bn vo nh ma, mi no cng t u v tr thnh nhng a hoa ti p nm ngnngang chung quanh Ngi. 38- Lc no c-Pht b ba nng con gi ca Ma-Vng cm-d? t-im cu gii 30 on C trn y, ngi ta thut rng sau khi tht bi trong trn t kch v Sa-mn C-m, Ma-Vng sai ba ngi con gi n cm-d B-Tt, ngh rng kh-gii khng thng c v thy tu c-c, c l ba-m ca sc p s lm xiu lng v ny mt cch d-dng. Ba nng kiu m tn Tanha (i-Dc), Arati (Tnh-yu), Raga (Tham-i) vng lnh Cha n tru gho B-Tt. Sc-phc v trang-im lng-ly, ba c ca-ht, ma nhy, trng lic, r-r; ngi th khu-chc, ngi li t v bn-ln thnthng. Bao nhiu ngh-thut khu gi dc-tnh chng h lm rung ng BTt (Theo sch khc, ba nng ny n quyn-r c-Pht trong tun l th nm sau khi Ngi c o). 39- Lc no Ma-Vng thnh c-Pht nhp Nit-Bn? Chnh lc c-Pht ng suy-ngh thy gio-l ca Ngi cao-siu, kh hiu, kh hnh, kh cho ngi i hp th c (Xem cu gii s 33 on a). Lc y Ma-Vng bit c tm Pht ng bn-khon v vn Hong-php, chen vo yu cu Ngi nhp Nit-Bn an ngh, bi chng-sanh ngu-mui khng th cu c. Ma-Vng lo s chng-sanh siu thot theo Pht, m trn-gian khng cn ai thng-tr. 40- Lc no Tri Phm-Thin n thnh c-Pht khai o cu i? K tip thy c-Pht do d (xem gii cu 33 on b) Vua tri Phm-Thin Brahma Sahampati xung yu cu Pht-T m rng ca Chn-l cho chngsanh nh.

41- S tht rt gin-d m ngi ta li by v thm nhiu chuyn phithng, t cng do mt duyn c no? Trong i thng-c, dn-chng x no cng tin-tng ni thn-quyn, chuyn mt h ba t ra mi, truyn khu i ny qua i khc, sau li cc nh vit sch "Thnh-nhn Lit-truyn" ch da theo tc-truyn trong dngian, ri ty thch t-im cho thch hp vi tn-ngng ca thi-i. Chnh cc nh vit sch y cng ng mt khuynh hng thn-thoi ca thi-i y. Ch c nhng c-truyn do cc v T-Khu, mt thy, tai nghe, vit li th vn-tt v gin-d nhng b xem nh l kh-khan th-thin. Chnh trong thi-i vn-minh khoa-hc ny cng cn nhiu dn tc gi vng c tin theo hc thuyt thn-quyn, yu chung trit-l siu-hnh hn chng-c thit-thc. 42- Sau khi quyt-nh em o gii thot ra ch dy cho chngsanh, c-Pht cn suy tnh chi na? c-Pht cn tnh-ta dc ci cy Ajapala v di nhiu cy c-th khc trong vng Uravela thm ba tun l na thng-thc hnh-phc ti i ca o-qu Nit-Bn v suy ngh v phng-cch m o. Trn 28 ngy, nh ta-hng lc-th gii-thot. c-Pht khng bit i kht. Qua ngy th 29, Ngy nh ra i truyn o v m li tuyn-minh rng: "T nay ca Chn-l rng m, ai c tai c nghe li thuyt-gio ca Nh-Lai v trn i hnh theo". 43- Trn bn tun-nht khng n-ung, c-Pht cng ra i c sao? Va lc y c mt on xe 500 c t x Ukala (nay thuc a phn tnh Grandjm), thuc min Nam, ch hng ha ln min Bc nh Bay, Rajagaha, Vsali va n a-phn lng Uruvela, c nhiu xe b trc-trc, ci th sc bnh, ci th b ln ct, ci th b b chng khng chu i ti, lm cho mi ngi lo s, khng bit im lnh d. Hai ngi li-bun, ch ca on xe tn Tapussa (Sa-L-Ph-Ba) v Bhallika (Bc-L-Ca) nhy xung ro bc xem coi c vic chi bt thng chng. Hai ngi cht thy c-Pht ng tnh-ta dc ci cy Tryana, ho-quang ta sng nh mt tri ban mai, h nh-tnh tinh-thn v ni vi nhau: y l mt v Thnh-nhn v gi ny c l Ngi cng sp th-trai, vy chng ta nn em vt-thc cngdng cho Ngi. Tapussa v Bhallika tr li xe ly mn thc-phm nu mt v ma rc, n gn mp ly di chn c-Pht v sau khi i ba vng

quanh c-Pht, ng chp tay cung knh bch: Xin c Th-Tn xung phc th nhn vt-thc chng ti em n dng cng cho Ngi. 44- c-Pht th-lnh vt thc bng cch no? Cc v Pht chng h a tay ra th nhn vt-thc ca th-ch cng-dng. c-Pht t hi phi lm th no gi cho ng phong-cch ca Bc Chnh-Gic. Lin khi y T-i Thin-vng hin n dng cho Ngi mt ci bnh-bt bng . Hai ngi li-bun lin vt-thc vo bt dng ln cho c-Pht (Ni vn "Bnh-bt" cc nh lch-s cng thu-dt nhiu thuyt hoang-ng, thy khng b-ch nn xin min thut). 45- Sau khi th-thc ri, c-Pht c ni chi vi hai chng li bun khng? c-Pht c ban t li khch-l nng tinh-thn sng-m ca hai ngi v tng mt bi-k h-thn, gm nhng li ca-tng tn dng n-c ca cc v Tri bn-phng tm-hng nht l T-i Thin-vng v NgcHong -Thch thng h-tr bn chu thin h. K y c nng lc em li s an-lnh cho h v on ty-tng v s may-mn trn bc thngtrng. 46- Hai ngi li bun y ngh sao? Hai ngi rt tha-thch, lin xin qui-y vi c-Pht v cu xin Ngi ban cho mt vt k-nim tn-th. 47- c-Pht c lm va lng h khng? c-Pht hoan-h cho h qui-y theo Ngi v cho h t si tc v ro mng tay lm k-nim. 48- S qui-y ca hai ngi thin-nam u tin ny c ngha chi khc khng? Hai v thng gia Tapussa v Bhallika ny l hai ngi tm-o su-sc, thy c-Pht bit Ngi l bc Thnh-nhn, pht tm trong sch dng vt thc cho Ngi (sau bui c o) v xin lm thin-nam u tin trong PhtGio. Hnh-ng ca h khc hn nng ph-gia Sujata l ngi c c-tin thin-bc, tng B-Tt l v Th-thn, dng bt cm sa cho Ngi (trc

gi thnh o) tr l cho mt li khn-vi bng-lng. Hai s cng-dng c gi tr khc nhau. c tin no cn c ni bng chng thit-thc mi gi l Chnh-tn. Hai ngi thin-nam u tin ny l tng-trng ca c tin chn-chnh. Rng-ct trung-kin ca Pht-Gio l hng tn- bit phn bit chnh-t, bit nhn-nh chn-gi. 49- Hai ng Tapussa v Bhallika lm g vi tc v mng tay ca cPht? Hai ngi ny cm u on thng-i, i t Nam ln Bc, t Bc xung Nam, v nhiu khi mn thuyn vt bin sang qua cc x hi-ngoi. i n u h em vt k-nim y ra chim-bi v gy nh-hng tt p cho s truyn b Pht-Php. Sau li hai ngi li bun n kinh-doanh lp nghip ti Min-in, xy thp th tc v mng tay ca c-Pht ti thnh Rangoon (Ngng-Qung). Vua Min-in cng nh cc v Vua x k cn, nh s loan-truyn tin-tc ca hai ng Tapussa v Bhallika, sang tn n- ra mt c-Pht, th-gio qui-y, em li gio-hun ca c Th-Tn v khuyn-dy dn chng v bt u tham d vo cng vic kin-trc n th x-li tc v mng tay, tip sc vi hai v c-s u tin khuych-i Thnhthp, n nay n th y tr thnh mt k-quan v-gi ti trung-tm kinh- Min-in gi l Shwedagon. -ooOoo- 02 A. T Buddha-Gaya (B- o-trng) n vn Isipatana (Lc gi) 50- Sau cuc gp-g hai v thng-gia, c-Pht nh i truyn o cho ai trc nht? c-Pht ri khi rng Uruvela i v hng Ty-Bc n rng Isipatana (Lc-gi), hin gi l Sarnath cch Bnars tm cy s tm nm Thy Kondanna (Kiu-Trn-Nh), l nm ngi ng tu kh-hnh cng Ngi v ri b Ngi khi thy Ngi khng cn tu php hnh-xc na.

51- Ti sao c-Pht khng tr v Kapilavastu, truyn o cho Vua cha trc nht? Va khi c o c-Pht nh Cha-M v hai v o-s Alara v Uddaka. Ngi thy duyn-k ca Vua cha v quyn-thuc ca Ngi cha n, nn cha vi tr v qu-hng. Ngi bit hai ng Alara v Uddaka t trn: ng th nht va c mt tun-nht, ng th nh trong ba ngy va qua. Ngi u tin c c-Pht t- l Hong-Hu Maya. Ti Buddha-Gaya cn mt thp k-nim ghi du ch Hong-Hu Maya t cung tri xung th-gio vi con B (Theo mt ngun lch-s khc, Hong-Hu Maya c c-Pht t- by nm sau). 52- Trn ng i t ch c o-qu (Buddha-Gaya) n vn Isipatana (Lc-gi), c-Pht c gp ai khng? Trn khong ng 10 cy s, t Buddha-Gaya (B- o-Trng) ti thnh ph Gaya, c-Pht gp mt thy B-La-Mn tn Upaka. ng ny thy dung-mo ca c-Pht rt phong-nh v trm-tnh, ng li ku hi: -"Thy ca Ngi l ai? " c-Pht tr li: - "Ta khng c Thy v cng khng ai bng Ta; Ta l mt v Pht". ng Upaka ngc-nhin ni ln ln: -"Khng l Ngi qu-qut n i t xng l mt bc Thnh-nhn na sao?" c-Pht p li: -"Chnh ta y l bc Thnh-nhn, bc Thy Ti-thng ca Th-gian". o-s Upaka cng ngc-nhin hi rng: -"Khng l Ngi qu-qut n i t xng l mt ng Ton-thng? " c-Pht lin p:

-"Tht vy, Ta l ng Ton-thng, thng tt c nhng th-dc try-lc suyi". Ti y thy B-La-Mn tr ging: "Thy i u m hi-h vy?" -"Ta i n Bnars (Ba-La-Ni), em gio-l mi ra ging thc-tnh ngi i trong gic m-mng". "Tt lm, tt lm, Thy c i i, ni ri o-s Upaka i thng v hng Nam, c-Pht trc-ch v hng Bc". 53- n rng Isipatana (Lc-gi), cc v o-s kh-hnh c vui lng tip rc c-Pht chng? Cc v o-s khng mun tip rc c-Pht v h khng cn tin-tng ni Ngi. Nhng tng ho quang-minh ca Ngi lm cho cc thy phi xc-ng, cm-gic hn-hoan, khin h phi nghing mnh cho hi v cung-knh nghe Ngi thuyt-gio. 54- Ln m o u tin ny ku l chi? Danh t thng dng trong Pht-Gio l "Ngy c Gotama chuyn Phplun". y c th gi l l khai-mc ca nn Gio-Php o-c cho thgian, hay l l t nn-tng ca nh-lut cng bnh vnh-vin, hoc l ngy "Bnh xe Php bt u lun chuyn trn th-gian". 55- c-Pht dy nhng chi m gi l Chuyn Php- lun? c-Pht t nn-tng ca o. Khi u c-Pht dy phi xa lnh hai iu thi-qu: 1. Chng nn say-m theo cuc i vui-sng, khoi-lc v l ng li thp-hn, th-b, phm-tc, khng xng ng, v-ch, khng a n ch gii-thot. 2. Chng nn sng mt cuc i kham-kh, hnh thn hoi-th, lm cho hao-mn sc-khe v l ng kh-hnh, v-ch, khng em li kt-qu tt p.

Nh-Lai trnh hai cc-oan y v nh i trn ng trung-o, khng li-dng, khng hnh-xc, nn Nh-Lai tm c s an-tnh, s hiu bit, s sng-sut. Nh-Lai c hon-ton gii-thot khi no sanh, gi, au, cht. Nh-Lai chng o-qu Nit-Bn. Nh-Lai tm ra bn iu xc tht (T-Diu-: Catuyasacca): a) Kh-Diu-: Dukkha Ariyasacca b) Tp-Diu-: Samudaya Ariyasacca c) Dit-Diu-: Nirodha Ariyasacca d) o-Diu-: Magga Ariyasacca a) Kh-Diu-: Dukkha Ariyasacca y l s xc-tht cao-thng v ci kh: Sanh l kh, gi l kh, bnh l kh, cht l kh; hip vi nhn-vt m mnh khng a l kh; xa la nhnvt m mnh yu-mn l kh. Tm li i sng l kh. b) Tp-Diu-: Samudaya Ariyasacca y l s xc-tht cao-thng v khi-nguyn ca ci kh: S khao-kht c sinh-tn mi mi, hng em li s ti-sanh ny n s ti-sanh khc vi bao nhiu s vui-thch, i-dc, mong tm kim y vt va lng ?p. Tm li tt c nhng kht-vng vui-sng, kht-vng sng cn, kht vng thay i trin-min l nguyn-nhn em li s kh. c) Dit-Diu-: Nirodha Ariyasacca y l s xc-tht cao-thng v s dit kh: Dp tt s khao-kht y bng cch tiu-dit hon-ton i-dc, khai-tr i-dc, t b, thot-ly i-dc, khng cn d st cht no. d) o-Diu-: Magga Ariyasacca y l s xc-tht cao-thng v con ng dit-kh: y l Thnh-o (Atthangik Magga), con ng siu-vit c tm chi: - Chnh-Kin (Samm Ditthi) - Chnh-T-Duy (Samm Sankappa)

- Chnh-Ng (Samm Vc) - Chnh-Nghip (Samm Kammanta) - Chnh-Mng (Samm jva) - Chnh-Tin-Tn (Samm Vyma) - Chnh-Nim (Samm Sati) - Chnh-nh (Samm Samdhi). 56- Php T- l nn-tng ca Pht-Gio nhng c-Pht gii tm-tt qu, liu chng-sanh c hiu c khng? Vy xin lc-gii theo thng thng thy r l php cn yu ca ngi tu-Pht. c-Pht dy rng i sng l kh. S au kh ca con ngi c nhiu hnh thc khc nhau; trc nht l bn i-kh v xc-thn: sanh, gi, au, cht. Ngoi nhng ni kh khng ai nh c t lc trong bng m n ngy m mt cho i, xc-thn l ni pht-sanh th bnh-hon, khng nhiu cng t; cng sng cng gi, ng-tng lc ph cng suy-nhc, ln-bi, ri phi cht, phi tan-r. Khng mt chng-sanh no khng s cht. S cht tc l mun sng. Mun sng nn lun lun phi -phng ngn-nga bnhhon, bo-tn xc-thn, sn-sc cho n lu gi; nhng cng c-gng duytr xc-thn, cng thy ta bt-lc: au n vn au, gi n vn gi, cht n vn cht. Ngoi ci kh ca xc-thn, con ngi cn nhiu ci kh v tinh-thn: sng chung-ch vi k mnh khng a-thch, xa-la nhng nhn-vt thn-yu, mun giu sang, mun c hnh-phc, m mun khng c; l kh tinhthn. Trong khi khao-kht mn ny vt n, cng danh-li quyn-tc, phi kh-tm lao-tr, tm ra mu ny chc n, lm khi khng chnh ng, tri ngc vi lun thng o-l vi php-lut. t c mc-ch ri, cha kp toi-hng hnh-phc, phi ly mnh v n. Nu mc-ch y l chnh ng, khi t c ri, cng phi kh-khn cc-nhc, tn-ty bo-tn n. *** Kt cuc i ngi hn tht kh nhiu vui t. V bm vo ci vui ngn-ngi kh kim y, m ngi sang k hn u qun ht ni kh. Khng thy kh nn mi ngi cho i l sng v lun lun mun sng. Sng hy-vng tm i cht th vui gia mun ngn ni kh. l Kh-Diu-, ci kh hin nhin khng chi ci c.

*** Mun sng tc l t ct tri mnh vo gung my v hnh ca bnh xe lunhi. Du mun du khng, du tin hay khng tin, bao nhiu kht-vng danhli ph-ba, bao nhiu thm thung hnh-phc gi tm; gi chung l i-Dc, l nhn em li s kh. y l Tp-Diu-, ngun gc hin-nhin ca ci kh l i-Dc. *** i sng ca mi ngi lun lun b xao-xuyn, b au kh, b quy-nhiu, khng gi khc no yn-n, do nc-c ca i-dc. Mun dp tt ci tham tm v y, ch c cch xa la th s, dt b ci kh ca i. Ngi no t thy khng chu ng ni vi ci kh y th c trt b n i. ang cn au gp thuc iu tr, cn mun g na, cn ch g na? Dit-Diu- tc l dit i-Dc. *** Kh bnh tit l, cn bnh khm ph, phng php gii c tm ra, by gi ti lc phc-dc tr cn. Lung dc ny khng ai bn, cng khng tn km chi c. N l mt th thuc o-c, c tm v: - Chnh-Kin (Samm Ditthi): Hiu bit chn-chnh, ngay thng, ng n, xc-tht, tm chn-l. - Chnh-T-Duy (Samm Sankappa): Quyt nh ng n, ch cngquyt, suy-xt tng-tn, bc ln con ng gii-thot, lp-hnh t-bi h-x, khng lo ngh n on-th nhiu-hi chng-sanh. - Chnh-Ng (Samm Vc): Dng li ni chnh-trc, chn-tht, nhtnh, khng ni di, khng ni hnh, khng ni li th-l, khng ni chuyn v-ch. - Chnh-Nghip (Samm Kammanta): Lm mi vic lnh, trnh mi iu c, khng st-sanh, khng trm cp, khng t-dm.

- Chnh-Mng (Samm jva): Nui mng bng nhng phng-php chn-chnh; trnh ngh hung-c nh t, th sn, bn thuc c, bn kh gii. - Chnh-Tin-Tn (Samm Vyma): St-sng dp tt khuynh-hng xuxa sn c hoc sp c, tng-cng khuynh-hng tt p c hoc sp c. - Chnh-Nim (Samm Sati): Phi lm ch ly mnh, lanh tr, ghi nh v lun lun bit mnh, ch- n hnh-ng, cm-gic, t-tng ca mnh. - Chnh-nh (Samm Samdhi): Thc-hnh thin-nh, t thp ln cao, rn-luyn tm-tr, khai thng trc-gic. y l o-Diu-, con ng i n ni dit tn nhng thng-kh, tc l Nit Bn. 57- Bui l khai o c em li kt qu chi cho nm thy Kiu-Trn-Nh chng? Nm thy nhn nhn c-Pht l uc-Tu soi-sng th-gian v xin thgio lm -t. c-Pht lin thu nhn h vo hng Thinh-vn u tin trong Gio-on Tng-l v phn rng: "Ny ch mn-, o php c minh-khai, t nay cc thy hon-ton l bc Thnh-nhn gii-thot mi iu kh-no". 58- V no c chng qu trc nht? ng Kondanna (Kiu-Trn-Nh). Tu-nhn vin-minh thu r chn-l, ng chng qu th t, cng tt trong hnh T-Thnh gi l i A-La-Hn. Bn v sau, ln lt cng ng chng qu nh ng, sau khi c-Pht thuyt ba lt php T- cho cc thy nhn thc r rt. 59- Ngoi mc ch t- nm thy Kiu-Trn-Nh, c-Pht cn c nh chi khc chng? c-Pht nhm vo hai mc ch: Khai o v thnh lp Gio-Hi Tng-gi. Sau khi chuyn Php-lun, c-Pht thu nhn nm v -t A-La-Hn vo hng T-Khu (Bhikkhu) chung lo vic Hong-php ca Ngi.

T nay trong Pht-Gio c ba ngi ch-tn: - Ngi Pht chnh l c-Pht v Gio ch sng lp o-Pht. - Ngi Php l Gio-Php ca Ngi - Ngi Tng l Hng Thinh-Vn trong bn bc Thnh: * Tu--Hn * Tu--Hm * A-Na-Hm * A-La-Hn Ba ngi y cng gi l Ngi Tam-Bo, rt qu bu, ng cho chng-sanh nng nh tm ng gii-thot, ng cho chng-sanh l bi cng-dng. Ngi no gp duyn may, pht tm tn-ngng, dng cng vt thc, thuc men, y-bt, ch n cc Ngi th s c hng nhiu phc bu. Cc Ngi hon ton gii-thot, thn tm trong sch, khng cn mt bn trnnh, mt t ti-li, v nh phc in cho chng-sanh gieo trng ging lnh, dn ng thng tin n Nit-Bn. 60- nh ngha ca cc danh t nh T-Khu, Thinh-Vn, ThnhTng, khc nhau th no? a) T-Khu (Bhikkhu) l thy tu chnh thc trong Pht-gio, thng ngy i tr-bnh kht-thc nui mng. Xin c mn chi n mn ny, khng c i hi cng khen ch v mi ngy ch c php n trc gi Ng. C hai hng T-Khu: 1. Trong thi k c-Pht cn ti th, nhng ngi c tu-hnh nhiu kip, c duyn-dy qu-, khi nghe c-Pht thuyt-php lin chng o-qu T-Thnh, t Tu--Hn n A-La-Hn v nhng ngi c nhiu duyn-lnh, gn n thi k chng o-qu, pht-tm trong sch xin xutgia theo Pht, lin c c Th-Tn cho xut-gia. Lc y cha c iulut. c-Pht ch ni: "Vo y thy T-Khu, thc-nghim i sng phm-hnh hu dit tn ngun-kh". Lin khi y ngi xin xut-gia, nhiu t chng hn, du l ngi c-s hay ngoi o giu sang hay ngho hn, mt hn sc tng trn-tc ca h, tr thnh v T-Khu xut-gia t lu. Cc v ny c ci bit-danh l hi Bhikkhu: Thin-lai T-Khu. 2. Sau li s ngi xin vo o rt ng v c nhiu ngi khng iukin, c-Pht phi ch-nh ra qui-tc gt-gao: Ngi mun xut-gia t

nht phi ng 20 tui, phi c cha m cho php, phi l ngi c y- sc-khe, khng bnh-hon, truyn-nhim, nh phong ci, ho lao, vv..., khng thiu n-nn, khng b n-tit, khng trn-xu lu-thu v phi tri qua mt thi-gian tp s, t nht l 4 thng hc gii-lut, trau-gii hnh-kim phi c mt thy T-Khu k-cu t nht 10 nm kinh-nghim, thng sut kinh-lut ng ra bo-m v trnh-din, chu kho-th trc mt GioHi c t 10 v T-Khuu sp ln thng hiu Pht-Php. Khi c Ban Gim kho chp-nhn th v thy tu lin c t vo mt a v cao-thng. a v y lun lun phi biu hin bng c-ch, hnh-kim, hnh-ng, li ni, t-tng cao p hn ngi th-tc. Trong Pht-gio cn hng Sa-di (Samanera) l nhng o-tiu t 7 tui sp ln, c cc v Tr-tr thu nhn vo hc kinh-lut, ch ng tui xut-gia T-Khu. b) Thinh-Vn l nhng thy T-Khu hoc Sa di ch nghe li thuyt php ca c-Pht m chng ng c Chn-l, c o-qu T-Thnh. c) Thnh-Tng l cc v T-Khu vo dng Thnh nh Ch Thinh-Vn ni trn. ---o0o--B. T IsipaTana (Lc-Gi) n thnh Bnars (Ba-La-Ni) 61- c nm thy Kiu-Trn-Nh ri, c-Pht i u? T rng Lc-gi, c-Pht v nm thy Kiu-Trn-Nh sang qua thnh Bnars, cch 8 cy s v hng Nam. n ni c mt thy B-La-Mn xin xut-gia vo hng T-Khu phc-v c-Pht. ng y tn Naradatta, con ca ngi ch rut v hc tr k-nghip ca o-s Asita. Ba mi lm nm trc v trc, lc B-Tt Siddhattha ra i, c ng-hin im-lnh. o-s Asita cng mt ch tiu l chu ca ng ng tu trn ni Hy-M-Lp-Sn, on bit c qu-nhn xut hin, nn hai cu chu h san tm n thnh Kapilavastu, xin ra mt Hong-t xem tng cho tng tn. Xem ri o-s Asita cho c Vua Suddhodanna bit rng Hong-t ln ln s xut-gia tu-hnh n qu v Pht. Xt li thy tui ng gi khng th sng n thi k B-Tt thnh o, nh Ngi t-, ng tiphn than khc. Tr v ni, trc khi qua i, o-s Asita khuyn chu lo

trau-gii thin-nh v dn mnh ch ngy th-gio vi c-Pht. ng Naradatta on bit c-Pht s n Bnars, nn chc n Ngi. c nghe gio-l ca c Th-Tn, ng Naradatta lin ng-o, chng qu ALa-Hn. ng ly php-danh l Maha Ktyyana. V sau ng l mt s- quan-trng gip c-Pht rt c-lc; chnh ng lnh s-mng em PhtPhp i truyn b v min Ty v Bc n-, tn x Pamirs (Nga v APh-Hn). 62- c-Pht cn c ai na chng? Trong mt trng hp khc thng, c-Pht mt g thanh-nin danhting, tn Yasa (Cng gi Yasas hay Yosada), con duy nht ca mt nh triu-ph ti Bnars. G thanh nin ny sng mt cuc i y hnh-phc, chng thua km mt v Hong-t, trong mt ta lu cc-k sang-trng, vi mt ngi v p v mt nhm hu-thip. Mt m n, thc-gic, chng dm thy nhng ngi yu ca chng, ng say-m trong gic-ip, nm sng-st nh nhng thy ma, chng lin pht tm gh-gm, nhm-chn; ri ngh n cuc i, ch c ci dng b ngoi lm cho chng m-m, qun tm mt l sng cao-thng, khc thng, thch hp vi phm-cch ca ngi thin tr-thc. Suy-tnh n , dng nh c mt mnh-lc v hnh thc y, chng phi mau mau tu-thot khi nh, tm hnh-phc siuvit vnh-vin. Chng lin m ca xung lu ra i. Trn buc ng vnh, chng n b sng Vnr; thy nc cn, ct phi trng tro, chng b dp, xn qun li qua sng, n xm Vrnsi, thuc v ngoi ca thnh Bnars, gia hai ngn rch Vnr v As, rt thanh-vng li c nc trong gi mt. Chnh ni y l ch c-Pht v 6 v - tm-tr di ci cy c-th. i tr ti chng gp c-Pht v 6 v A-La-Hn ng ngi tnh-ta, ho-quang sng r. Chng mng gp c Thnh-Nhn, lin n qu ly nh-l v xin th-gio. c-Pht bit duyn-lnh ca chng Yasa n, nn cho xut-gia lm Thin-lai T-Khu (hi Bhikkhu), ri ging o cho nghe; trong chc lt thy Yasa chng o-qu A-La-Hn. Sng ngy, thy mt chng, c nh tun ra i kim cng khp mi ni. Cha m chng ti b sng Vnr gp i dp ca chng, li qua sng thy chng xut-gia u Pht. Cha m khc-lc khuyn-nh bo tr v cng hng gia-ti -s, m chng l ngi k-nghip duy-nht. c-Pht cho bit chng Yasa c qu Thnh-Nhn ri, khng cn sng chung vi gianh c na v thuyt-php ging o cho cha m chng nghe. Hai ng b thc-tnh xin quy-y th-gii lm ngi cn-s nam v cn-s n chnh-thc

trong Pht-gio. V v hu-thip ca chng cng n xin quy-y th-gii v buc lng phi cho chng theo hu c-Pht. Gia-nh ca i-c Yasa l ngi thin-nam tn-n u tin, chnh thc quy-y Tam-Bo v th-tr Ng-gii ngha l ngi xin nng nh ni PhtBo, Php-Bo, Tng-Bo v nguyn trn i khng st-sanh, khng trm cp, khng t-dm, khng ni di v khng ung ru. 63- Ti sao ng Yasa, mt thanh nin giu c, hnh-phc di-do, tng-lai tt p, li c t-tng v ch-hng khc thng nh th? Theo lch s, ng Yasa l ngi to nhiu duyn lnh trong tin-kip lm nn tng cho ch-nguyn gii-thot, ngi nh th trong i tht hy-hu. ng l mt trong 33 ngi ng tm lm nhiu cng-tc t-thin, gip kh tr-bn, tu-kiu bi-l, ct nh ngh mt ni cc ng ba ng, b-th nc cho ngi i ng, th cm, th cho cho ngi thiu ht. Khi mnkip, 33 ngi y c siu-sanh v ci tri, cng hng hnh-phc lu di. Ngi lm u chnh l Vua tri -Thch Sakka. Th B-Tt Siddhattha ra i, c hai v chng v triu-ph thng-gia ti Bnars, khng con k-nghip, ng chng bun ru. B v khuyn chng n cy a c-th, k-cn bn nh, khn-vi vi v Th-thn cho b sanh c mt mn con trai. ng chng nghe li, sm l-vt n gc a cu-khn v nguyn s ct mt ngi cha xng-ng th v Th-thn. B v nghe li van-vi quan-trng ca chng, s nu ng Th-thn lm l, th chng b mc li th oan-ung, nn b lt-t thm rng nu li cu-khn ca chng b khng c kt-qu, b s n cy a. ng Th-thn nghe vy lo s, bit rng n b c c-tin, nhng khi h khng c va lng, h cng dm tr th; m mun ca hai ng b triuph ny li vt khi quyn-lc ca mnh; nu lo khng kham s mt ch . ng Th-thn lt-t ln cu-khn Vua tri -Thch. Tri -Thch bo ng an-tm tr v. Chnh lc y, mt trong 33 v tri sp mn tui th, phi h-sanh xung trn. Tri -Thch khuyn bn mnh nn th-sanh vo nh v triu-ph Bnars. ng ny chi t v ng lp nguyn gii-thot trong kip cht th-gian; nu sanh vo nh giu c, t kh b xut-gia tuhnh. Tri -Thch ha s gip bn trong lc cn thit, hng dn bn tm ng gii-thot. ng lin chu xung lm con nh triu-ph Bnars, nn khi dt tui th cung tri -Thch, ng h sanh lm con ca v chng ng trng-gi v c dt tn l Yasa.

Lc c-Pht n ng ti xm Vrnsi, chnh Tri -Thch thc-tnh ng Yasa v gic ng na m thc-gic i tm c Th-Tn. Nh vy ng c nghe php v chng o-qu A-La-Hn. 64- Ti Bnars cn ai xut-gia theo Pht na chng? Tin n mt v thanh-nin triu-ph na m b nh i tm c-Pht xin xut-gia v c qu A-La-Hn, lm chn-ng c thnh Bnars. Nm mi bn (54) bn thanh-nin tr-thc ca ng Yasa, trong hng B-La-Mn, cng-khanh, vng-tn, r nhau n xin th-gio xut-gia theo Pht, tinhtn thc-hnh thin-nh theo phng-php dy bo ca c Th-Tn, ln lt k trc ngi sau u chng qu A-La-Hn. 65- Ti sao cc thanh-nin tr-thc y khng chu hng giu sang, li ly-gia ct i mt cch d-dng v chng qu A-La-Hn mau l nh th? Cc bn ca ng Yasa cng nh ng l hng ngi tu-hnh nhiu kip v to nhiu phc-hu, nn c sanh-trng trong gia-nh giu sang, li sn c bm-tnh thng-minh, thng suy-xt thy cuc i l gi-tm, hng nui ch-nguyn gii thot. Gp c c-Pht lm thy hng-dn, cc ng ly-gia thot-tc mt cch d-dng. Ngi sn c Tr-Tu, khc thng li c ng Gic-Ng khai tm truyn o, th ng vo Nit-Bn hn tht khng xa, i vi bc i-cn y. 66- c-Pht c giao ph nhim v chi cho cc v -t A-La-Hn ca Ngi chng? Sau 5 thng khai o, k lun 3 thng Kit-h (tr li mt ch trong ma ma) ti Bnars, tnh ra c-Pht c 60 v i -t c qu A-LaHn, thng r gio-l cao-siu mu-nhim v o gii-thot. Ma ma va chm dt, c-Pht nhm 61 v A-La-Hn bo phi tch ra i ring t v, cng khp mi ni, em o gii-thot ph-cp trong dn-gian. 67- c-Pht ni chi vi ch v A-La-Hn y? "Ny ch mn , cc thy hon-ton gii-thot khi vng sanh-t lunhi; cc thy nn khi hnh chu du t x ny sang x khc, em gio-l gii-thot truyn b cho tt c chng-sanh; v lng t-bi i vi i, mi thy tch ra i mi ni, ban-b an-vui hnh-phc, cu- Ch-Thin v

nhn-loi. Nhiu ngi sn c tm o v thin-, nu h khng nghe c gio-l gii-thot ca Nh-Lai, h s sa-a. Bng nghe c h s th-gio vi cc thy v s liu-ng c chn-l." ---o0o--C. T Bnars tr li Buddha-Gaya (B- o-Trng) 68- Sau khi giao ph nhim v Hong-php cho ch v A-La-Hn, cPht i u? Sau khi cc v Thnh-Tng chia nhau mi v i mi hng. c-Pht ln ng tr li rng Uruvela (Ch Ngi thnh o). Cha ra khi a-phn Bnars, c-Pht gp mt nhm 30 thanh nin h hi chy n hi Ngi: - "Bch Sa-mn, Ngi c gp ngi ph-n no i v ng ny chng? Chng ti 30 anh em cng i du-ngon vi mt ngi k-n theo ca ht gip vui; lc chng ti tm sng, mng vui chi a gin vi nhau, c y trm ht trang sc v ln trn mt dng". c-Pht vui-v p li: -"Ny cc cu, ti sao cc cu lung-cng i tm mt ngi ph-n, m cc cu khng chu kh tm cho ra cc cu?" Li ni ca c-Pht lm rung-ng tm-hn cc g thanh nin; h cht tnh hi-hn v hn-hoan thnh cu c-Pht ging php cho nghe, ri c bn tha-thch xin xut-gia, theo hu c-Pht. Thy tr vy-on trc-ch n rng Uruvela. 69- c-Pht ni cch no m cm-ha c d-dng 30 thanh nin ang try-lc? Nhng thanh nin ny cng l hng ngi c tu-hnh nhiu kip, nh ng Yasa v cc bn ca ng. Nhng ngi sng vo thi k c-Pht ra i, li c gp c-Pht khai-tm im-o l ngi i-cn thng-tr, c nhiu duyn-lnh c t-. c-Pht ch tht mt cu vn-tt, m h thutrit c -ngha kim-ngn v nhn-thc chn-l; tm ci chn-tm siu-

vit bn trong, y mi l tm s an-lc cao-thng ca o gii-thot. Vi bc Tr-Tu, khng cn phi ni nhiu; c-Pht bit ch khai-sng ca ngi, nn Ngi ch nhn mnh mt vi li, cho h tnh-ng. 70- c-Pht tr li Uruvela vi mc-ch chi? c-Pht bit trong vng Uruvela c nhm B-La-Mn quan-trng, thuc phi Jatila th thn la; ngi cm u l 3 anh em rut, ni ting l ngi k-nghip cho mt v o-s tin-bi i ti tn Kassapa. Ba v u s ny chim mt vng rng ln, dc theo b sng Ni-Lin, n-dt di nhng chi tranh vi rt nhiu -t v sc-vt chuyn-tu kh-hnh, cng-t phc-tp, thng-sut cc khoa thn hc, v tr-lun, li rt gii v trit-hc vn chng (Sanscrit), nn c dn-chng cm-m sng knh. Mun cm-ha 3 nhm ny khng phi l chuyn d, bi c-Pht chtrng thuyt "V-Ng", tri ngc vi ch-ngha "Hu-thn" ca 3 anh em ng Kassapa. Bng khut-phc c h th hn tht l mt s v-vang cho Pht-Gio. c-Pht tin-tng ni s-mng cu-th ca Ngi, nn Ngi tr li Uruvela, khn kho n xin t-tc vi ngi anh c. ng Kassapa anh, v trng lo rt hin-t, khng th t-chi c, nn cho c-Pht vo vi ng. Nhng sau khi bit v Sa-Mn tr tui ny c dn-chng vng lncn sng knh, ng em lng ng-vc rng c-Pht l mt ngi i th nguy-him. Thy khng th dng l-thuyt cm ha ng Kassapa, cPht nh phi dng php thn-thng mi c th thng-phc lng ng-mn cng rn ca ng ny. Nh Tha-Tm-Thng nn lc no bit ng Kassapa c mun xua-ui Ngi th Ngi bin mt; khi bit, ng hi-hn, c-Pht hin ra. Trong m khuya thanh-vng thng c Tri Phm-Thin (Braham) v Tri -Thch (Indra) n ving c-Pht; ho-quang ca 2 v ThinVng chiu sng rc-r c mt gc tri, ng Kassapa bit c-Pht c khch qu, nhng trong bng vn inh-minh rng Sa-Mn C-m khng th snh bng ng. Khi ng Kassapa mun dng -c trong nh nh gh ngi, hoc chn da, hoc t-l th -c y bin mt. Khi ly ci em ra ch t la cng thn, ci y li cng nh , ch khng b. Khi mun t la, la li khng chy; khi mc ru vo la, ru li dnh trong mung khng rt ra; ri thnh-tnh trt-t tr li nh xa. Mi khi xy ra nhng chuyn l-thng phin-phc nh th y, cc thy B-La-Mn nghi cho thy Sa-Mn Gotama ng xa dng php l ph-khuy nhng h vn thy thy C-m thn-nhin. Tuy vy cc thy cng t tin rng cc thy c php-thut cao-siu khng ai bng v h l bc Thnh-nhn siu-qun trctuyt hn thy Sa-Mn Gotama.

c-Pht thy cn phi dng mt php thn-thng khch-ng hn na, nn Ngi xin ng Kassapa cho Ngi ng trong chi t la cng thn. ng Kassapa thnh-tht khuyn thy Sa-Mn Gotama ch nn d-dui v ni y c con rng d-tn thng hay vng-lai, m ai ai cng gh-s. c-Pht c ni-n xin cho c. Vo n ni qu tht con qui vt hin ra dng oai vi c-Pht. Khi la bc chy rn rn, tun ra my l ca, lm cho nhm BLa-Mn kinh hn, xm nhau em go chuyn nc cha la. Kt cuc cPht cm thng c con c-th y v n trong bnh-bt, em ra cho cc thy B-La-Mn xem. Tuy nhin bn B-La-Mn cng cha chu qui-phc c-Pht. K mt trn bo-lt lm cho nc sng Ni-Lin trn b v li cun cc chi tranh. ng Kassapa lo s cho s-phn ca thy Sa-Mn Gotama, cho thuyn n tip-cu. n ni thy c-Pht ng lng-l i kinh-hnh trn dng nc cun chy nh thc . Chng y ng Kassapa mi chu nhnnhn ti-nng siu-vit ca v Sa-Mn tr tui v mp li di chn cPht. Nm trm - ca ng cng u qui-phc. Trong lc nhit-tm hoan-h, cc v tn tn- khun ling tt c y-phc v vt dng th cng thn la xung sng Ni-Lin. Hai ng Kassapa-Em, vo pha h-lu, thy -c thng dng ca anh mnh tri lnh-nh gia dng, ht hong ko ht 500 - n tip cu. n ni thy anh mnh v c bn xut-gia theo Pht, hai ng Kassapa-Em v 500 tn- cng ng xin th-gio lm T-Khu. ---o0o--D. T Uruvela n thnh Rajagaha (Vng-X) 71- Thng-phc c ba anh em ng Kassapa ri c-Pht nh i u na? C ngn thy B-La-Mn tr thnh nhng v T-Khu kht-s duphng, vn- sinh sng cn phi gii-quyt mau l, bi dn-chng cc xm chung-quanh rng Uruvela v trong thnh Gaya k-cn khng sc cung-cp vt-thc mi ngy. c-Pht v on tn kht-s ln ng nhm hng ng-Bc trc ch n thnh Rahagaba (Vng-X), kinh-- x Magadha (Ma-Kit-) ca vua Bimbisra (Tn-B-Sa), l ni phong-ph v dn-c ng-o. V li 7 nm v trc, lc mi xut-gia tm o, BTt Gotama c vua Bimbisra ha chia hai giang-san, nu B-Tt chu tr li trong i tr-v thin-h; nhng B-Tt t-khc. thy khng th cm-

cng v Sa-Mn tr tui ng hng-hi tm o, vua Tn-B-Sa yu cu B-Tt, khi thnh cng c qu, xin tr li t-. Ngy nay chng qu Chnh-Gic ri, c-Pht phi tm gp c vua cho khi tht ha. n ni, c-Pht v on ty-tng tm tr ngoi thnh, trong cm rng Yatthivana (Rng tre cao ln thng dng lm so, nn gi l Rng so). Hay tin c-Pht n, vua Bimbisra cng b-quan trong tro, cc thn-ho ph-gia, ra nghinh-tip rt trng-th v thnh c-Pht cng Ch-Tng vo n th-thc. Sau bui trai-tng, vua Bimbisra ng dng vn thnguyn "Trc-Vin" cho c-Pht tin b lm ni Hong-php, bn ly bnh vng dng nc, rt trn tay c-Pht v bch rng: "Bch c ThTn, trm xin dnh cng vn Trc-Lm n Ngi v Ch-Tng". c-Pht th-nhn, ri ging-o v phc-chc cho c vua; sau cng Ngi dng li du-ngt khuyn-khch lm cho phn-khi o-tm ca vua Bimbisra. Vua lin xin qui-y lm thin-nam trong Pht-Gio. Ln u tin Gio-on Tng-l c lm ch mt vung t rng ln, ni ngoi- Vng-X, tin b cho cc thy T-Khu du-phng tm-tr v cho tn- ti lui nghe php hc o. c-Pht nhp h th nh ni vn Trc-Lm (Veluvana), trong ma ma sp ti v tri qua thi-gian Hong-php c Th-Tn thng tr ng ni y. 72- Ti Rajagaha (Vng-X), c-Pht cn thu-phc c ai? Ti Vng X, c-Pht thu c hai v i -t l ng Sariputa (XLi-Pht) v ng Moggalna (Mc-Kin-Lin). 73- Xin cho bit tiu-s ca hai v i -t y v nhn-duyn a hai Ngi n gp c-Pht? ng Oupatissa thng ku l Sariputa (tn ca m ng) v ng Kolita thng ku l Moggalna (tn ca h ng) u sanh trng trong mt lng k-cn kinh- Vng-X gi l lng Nalanda. Hai ng l con nh B-LaMn giu c, li l bn ng-mn, ti-nng xut chng, hc-thc uyn-thm. a-v x-hi ca hai thanh nin dnh sn cho h mt tng-lai rc-r. Mt ngy n, hai anh em r nhau i d mt cuc l hnh-hng, c by b bunbn mt m ch-phin. Gia lc thin-h vui mng n l, ng Sariputa li ny sanh trong tr mt t-tng l thng: "Trong vng 100 nm na, m

ng c mt ti y s ha ra ngi thin-c. Khng nhn-thc mnh l ngi ng i n ch cht, nhm ngi ny thn-nhin vui-say theo tr chi th-s; tht ng thng, ng bun gim cho h". Ngh nh vy, ng Sariputa lin t -tng y cho bn mnh nghe. ng Moggalna cho bit rng ng cng ng suy-ngh nh th v ng bi-ri trc cnh ph-hoa ca th-gian. Hai ngi bn tm-ng -hip lin r nhau n xin th-gio vi o-s Sanjaya, mt trong su v Lc-s danh ting ng tu-luyn vi 250 -; trong khu rng gn thnh Vng-X. Khi vo tu ri, hai ng thy hc-thuyt ca o-s Sanjaya khng thch hp vi trnh mnh, nn nh i tm mt v Minh-s cho xng-ng v cam-kt vi nhau, khi mt trong hai anh em ngi no gp c Minh-s, phi mau mau bo tin cho bit. V sn c tin-duyn, nn chng bao lu h gp c-Pht. 74- Hai ng Sariputa v Moggalna gp c-Pht trong trng-hp no? Trn ng i Hong-php, v A-La-Hn tr tui trong nhm nm thy Kiu-Trn-Nh l ng Assaji (t-b: M-thng) n Vng-X gp cPht ti Trc-Lm, tm tr ni t ngy. Mt ba n, sng sm i-c Assaji vo thnh Vng-X kht-thc. Tnh c ng o-s Sariputa i ti gp i-c Assaji, thy sc din ca Ngi sng-r, y-phc chnh-t, i ng trang-nghim. ng Sariputa t ni: "Hn tht y mi l mt v SaMn, nu cha c o qu Thnh-nhn th cng l mt bc ung tin vo dng Thnh, chng sai vy; ta nht nh phi n gn Ngi d-la cho tng-tn". o-s Sariputa chm-ri theo sau, ch cho i-c Assaji kht-thc xong, quay bc tr v, ng mi li gn cung knh x-cho v hi: "Bch Ngi tinh-thn ca Ngi y v trm-mc, sc din trong trng sngr; chng hay Ngi nng ni s hng dn ca ai, m c gii-thot ra khi trn-tc? Tn-s ca Ngi l ai? Ngi theo Gio-Php ca ai?" -"Ny ng bn, thy ca ti l v i Sa-Mn, thuc dng Sakya (Thch Ca) l ngi hon-ton gii-thot. Chnh nh s hng-dn ca Ngi, m ti c xut-gia thot-tc. Tn-s ca ti l c-Pht Gotama". "Bch i-c, Tn-s ca Ngi ni nhng chi? Dy iu chi? "

-"Ny ng bn, ti ch l mt - s-c, xut-gia cha c bao lu; ti khng th trnh by trn c Gio-Php ca thy ti cho ng bn c; nhng ti c th t cho ng bit s-lc phn ch-yu thi". "Bch Ngi, nh vy cng c; du Ngi ni t, ni nhiu cng khng sao, ti cn thu r phn ch yu thi". i-c Assaji lin tr li vn-tt rng: "Cc php u sanh ra bi mt nhn; c Th-Tn ch cho thy r nhn ca n. Ngi cng dy cho bit s dit-tt ca n. Chnh l Gio-Php ca v i Sa-Mn". i-c Assaji va dt li, Tu-nhn ca ng o-s Sariputa lin bt sng (chng qu Tu--Hn) thu r chn-l; bit rng ci chi sanh th phi dit. ng lin ni: "Bch i-c, mc du chn-l ch lc gii c by nhiu li, nhng Ngi cng tuyt-dit phin-no, chng c o-qu cha tng thy, t triu c kip". Sau khi t t i-c Assaji v bit c-Pht ng ng ti Trc-Lm (Veluvana), ng Sariputa lin i bo tin cho ng Moggalna. Thy ng Sariputa t xa tin ti, ng Moggalna mng r cho hi: "Mng S-huynh, hm nay kh-sc ca S-huynh rt trm-tnh, khit bch khc thng, chc hn S-huynh tm ra c con ng gii-thot ri, phi chng? " -"Qu tht nh vy, o-hu". "Vy th S-huynh cho tiu- bit vi". ng Sariputa thut li s gp g gia ng v i-c Assaji, ri c bn cu k tm lc phn cng-linh ca o gii-thot cho ng Moggalna nghe. Va nghe qua Tu-nhn ca ng Moggalna bt m (c Tu--Hn) thu r chn-l; bit rng ci chi sanh th phi dit. ng lin tht li: "Tha Shuynh, mc du chn-l ch lc gii c by nhiu nhng S-huynh dit

c phin-no, thu o tm trng cha tng thy, t triu c kip. Vy th chng ta mau mau i tm c Th-Tn, chnh Ngi l thy ca chng ta". ng Sariputa lin ni: "Ny o-hu, cn 250 bn ng-mn ca chng ta, phi tnh sao vi h? V cm mn chng ta m h cn n-no ni y. Vy chng ta nn cho h bit -nh ca chng ta, t h liu ly". ng Moggalna ng , hai ng lin triu tp 250 o-s, thut r u ui cho h nghe, ri ng Sariputa ni rng: "Hai anh em chng ti nht nh i tm c-Pht xin lm -t ca Ngi ...". ng Sariputa cha kp dt li, c 250 o-s r ln xin i theo. H ni: "Chng ti v cm m ti c ca hai thy mi n-no li y, nay hai thy i xut-gia di s hng dn ca v i Sa-Mn, xin hai thy hoan-h cho chng ti cng theo vi". ng Sariputa v Moggalna ng ni: "Vy th ch o-hu, ch anh em chng ti i bo tin cho thy Sanjaya hay ". n ni hai ng trnh by ba lt cho o-s Sanjaya: "Bch thy, chng ti nh i tm c-Pht thgio, hc o vi Ngi". ng Sanjaya cng ba lt tr li: "Khoan , hai bn chng nn i, li y ba anh em chng ta chung lo cai qun gio on". Hai ng Sariputa v Moggalna cng 250 o-s nht nh i tm c-Pht, ng t t thy Sanjaya ra i. ng ny cm gin, n i phi th-huyt. T xa c Th-Tn thy hai ng Sariputa v Moggalna hng dn 250 o-s n, Ngi ku cc thy T-Khu m ni rng: "Ka cc thy, hai ngi o-hu Kolita v Upatissa n. Trong hng -t ca Nh-Lai, hai ngi y s l mt cp hng-o v c duyn lnh nhiu nht". 75- Ti c ca hai ng Sariputa v Moggalna ra th no? Hai ng Sariputa v Moggalna cng on ty-tng vo nh-l c-Pht v xin xut-gia. c Th-Tn hoan-h thu nhn lm -t v n-cn ch dy phng-php tham-thin qun-tng. Sau mt tun-nht, ng Moggalna c a-qu A-La-Hn. Qua tun th hai, ng Sariputa cng chng qu A-La-Hn. on ty tng ca hai ng phi tri qua mt thi gian tu hc, ri cng ln lt c o qu c thy. Trong hng -t ca c-Pht ch c i-c Sariputa (hay Upatissa l bc Tr-Tu vin thng tt chng. c-Pht ging-php cao su n u, i-c Sariputa u thu hiu c; ri ln-lt gii-thch li cho cc thy T-Khu nghe. (Tri li trong nhiu th-k v sau, tc-gi nhiu quyn sch

li lit i-c X-Li-Pht vo hng thp-thi, Tr-Tu chm-chp, khng sc hiu gio-l cao-thm nn c-Pht ch thuyt ring cho ng nhng php cn-ct, gi l php Tiu-tha). i-c Moggalna li c mt thin-ti c bit v php thn-thng. Ngi ln cc tng tri v xung cc cnh a-ngc mt cch d-dng v gip c-Pht trong nhiu x-mng rt kh khn. Hai v A-La-Hn ny gi l i -t, bn mt v bn tri ca c-Pht. 76- c-Pht cn c v i -t no na, ti x Magadha chng? Ngi cn c mt v i -t th ba tn Maha Kassapa (Maha CaDip). Chng nn lm-ln ng ny vi 3 anh em ng Kassapa trong nhm Jatila, ti Uruvela. 77- Xin cho bit s lc s-tch ca ng Maha Kassapa? ng Maha Kassapa l con ca mt triu ph gia trong x Magadha. Ti sn, rung t, ti t ca ng khng thua km s nghip ca c Vua Bimbisra. ng Maha Kassapa l bc Tr-Tu him c trong i. Va ln ln, ng t ra ngi khng mng ca ci, li cn nhm-gm i-tnh nhc-dc. Vng li cha m, ng buc lng phi ci mt ngi v rt xinh p ti thnh Vsali. Gp c ny cng ng tnh nhm ght i-tnh nh ng nn hai v chng sng chung nhau trn 12 nm m khng gn gi nhau. Hai v chng ng Maha Kassapa cng ng c ch-nguyn xut-gia tm o gii-thot, nn hng tp tnh n gin-d. Ng chung trong mt cn phng rng ln, trn hai ci sp nh thp; mt m n, ng chng thy mt con rn en v phng, li xm xm phng ngay ti cnh tay ca b v ang b thng xung t trong lc ng qun. ng Maha Kassapa lt t chy li ko tay v ln ging. Git mnh thc dy, b v nghi chng mnh c t-tng khng tt. Hai v chng mi ngh rng nu ko di s sng chung nh th ny, t c ngy s nguy hi cho s trinh-khit gn-gi t lu, nn nh tch ra mi ngi i mi hng, tm ni n-dt tu-hnh. Cha m qua i, v chng ng Maha Kassapa gii-quyt cuc xut-gia rt d-dng. Hai ng b phng thch ti-trai t gi, bn ht gia-ti s nghip ly tin b-th cho ngi ngho kh, ri chia tay nhau ra i, mi ngi mi hng tm thy hc o.

Khi c-Pht n Vng-X, ng Maha Kassapa n xin qui-y th-gio chng bao lu ng c qu A-La-Hn v tr thnh mt v i -t, tn-cn nht ca c Bn-S. Sau li b v c xut-gia lm T-Khu-ni c qu A-La-Hn. Kinh sch ghi rng c-Pht tng y Ca-Sa ca Ngi cho ic Maha Kassapa v i i ng nh ngi bn thn. i-c Maha Kassapa c uy tn ln, nn sau gi Nit-Bn ca c-Pht, Ngi m ng nhiu trng-nhim: ch-ta l ha-tng c-Pht ti Kurinara v sau 100 ngy, ch-ta i-hi Thnh-Tng, kt-tp Tam-Tng ln u tin ti Rajagaha (Vng X). 78- Ti x Magadha, c-Pht cn thu nhn ai na? Rt nhiu thanh-nin, thuc gia nh giu sang trong x Magadha xin xutgia theo c-Pht. 79- C s phn-i ca dn chng khng? C. Dn chng cho rng c-Pht cm-ha thanh-nin, lm cho chng xa v, cha m xa con, tan nt gia nh, nn khi gp cc thy T-Khu h ch bng ma-mai rt kh chu: ng Sa-Mn n trong kinh x Magadha (Ma-Kit-). ng ci ha trn c -t ca o-s Sanjaya. "Ch xem hm nay ng cn cm ha ai na?" Cc thy T-Khu nghe vy cng xm-x bn-tn, ri em cu chuyn bch li cho c-Pht nghe. c-Pht phn: "Ny cc thy T-Khu, d-lun xn-xao y khng ko di u, trong vng 7 ngy s chm dt. Nu c ai kim chuyn vi cc thy, cc thy nn tr li cho h nh vy: "Nhng trang ho-kit, nhng bc V-Nhn, Cm ha v o chn-chnh, Ai c th on-trch cho ng l, Nhng ngi cm-ha v o chn-chnh chng?" 80- Ri c-Pht c lm chi cho cc gia nh c tha-mn chng? Ngi ta nng lng v chng con b nh i tu; tht ra c-Pht u c pbuc ai phi xut-gia theo Ngi. T v sau Ngi t ra nhng iu kin

 hn-ch s thu nhn gii t, vi mc ch ch-yu l bo v quyn li v uy-tn cho Gio-on Tng-l: Nhng ngi c bnh nan-y, truyn-nhim, k st-nhn, k c tin n v nhng ngi m s xut-gia lm tn-hi quyn-li k khc nh: nhng tr v thnh nin, nhng ngi ti-t, nhng qun-nhn, nhng ngi trn n, u khng c thu nhn vo hng T-Khu. Cc thanh thiu nin mun xutgia phi c cha m cho php v bo m tnh-h?nh. iu lut ny lm va lng mi ngi. 81- Ti sao c-Pht cha nh v Kapilavastu ph- thn quyn ca Ngi? n Magadha l mt quc-gia cng thnh, c-Pht c Bimbisra (TnB-Sa-Vng) nhit thnh sng knh ng h, nn Ngi tha c-hi thun li, ph-bin Gio-Php su rng trong dn-gian, Tng- v Tn- hc thc v giu c, cng ngy cng ng, thanh danh ca c-Pht ly-lng, nn tng Pht-Gio vng-chc, nhng Ngi cng cha vi tr v Kapilavastu (Ca-b-la-v). Hnh ng ca bc Tr-Tu phi khc hn thng tnh thgian: di ci B- ti Uruvela, trc khi em o gii-thot ra truyn b. c-Pht nh sn mt l trnh khai o y . Ni mc 50 chng ta thy ngi u tin m Ngi mun t- l m cha v cc bc n-nhn ca Ngi v Ngi cng t bit rng duyn k ca Vua cha v quyn thuc ca Ngi cha n. 82- Vua Sudhodana (Tnh-Phn) c hay con ca Ngi thnh Pht cha? Thanh danh ca c-Pht ly-lng ti x Magadha, d-nhin vang-di n Kapilavastu, nn ng bo v quyn tuc ca Ngi nng lng trng i. B-quan trong triu s yu cu c vua phi khm sai sang tn Rajagaha (Vng-X) triu thnh c-Pht. 83- Ai lnh s-mng i thnh c-Pht v kt qu ra sao? Triu thn ngh giao trng trch y cho ng Udayi, con ca v L-b Thng-Th. Ngi ta hy-vng ni s thnh cng mau chng ca ng Udayi, bi ng ny l bn thn trong th thiu thi ca Hong-t Siddhattha.

Trong hoi khng thy ng Udayi tr v, c vua nng lng phi ng Channa (Sa-Nc) l ngi tm phc lun lun bn cnh Hong-t trong cc bui do chi v cng l ngi a Hong-t trn i xut-gia. ng Channa i ri cng bt tin nhn-c. Hai v khm sai, k n trc ngi n sau, cha t c li no, ngoan-ngon vng li c-Pht xut-gia lm T-Khu. Mc d hai ngi u khng mun xut-gia nhng v c vua ra lnh phi ht lng chiuchung Hong-t, nn h tm thi ha chu xut-gia cho va c-Pht, tng rng chng phi l mt iu cam-kt quan-trng; hn na dm quanh ng-qut chng thy th co li cng khng sm sn y bt, cu chuyn t cn tr hn, khng d sau khi c-Pht ku h ni: "Li y, hi thy TKhu, Chnh-Php truyn dy, thy hy sng theo Thnh-nhn dit tn ngun kh". Va dt li, ru tc h sch tri, y phc tr thnh ca-sa mu vng; h ha ra thy Thin-Lai T-Khu (hi Bhikkhu) 1, gia gio on Tng-chng. Ngi trc gp ngi sau ci vi nhau ri mnh ai ny lo tu, khng cn nh th-s lun c x-mng ca mnh. Cch mt thi-gian sau, Vua Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn) phi lin-tip 9 v i-thn qua thnh c-Pht. Chn v ny v c on ty-tng ca h, k trc ngi sau, cng xut-gia theo Pht v cng qun s-mng ca h. Thnh-thong ng Udayi nhc-nh ngi bn c ca mnh, bo phi v thm Vua cha, c-Pht vn lm thinh. -ooOoo-

- 03 E. T Rajagaha (Vng-X) sang Kapilavastu (Ca-B-La-V) 84- n bao lu c-Pht mi chu v Kapilavastu? Mt ngy n, do s thc-gic ca ng Udayi, c-Pht trc khi ln ng, xy mt v qu-hng, ri t-tng lnh, cu chc yn vui hnh-phc cho Vua cha v ng bo quyn thuc. Xong, Ngi cng on Tng-chng khi hnh, nhm hng Kapilavastu tin bc. Nhm ma thu, kh tri mt-m, cuc hnh trnh t thnh Rajagaha n Kapilavastu, tri qua 60 ngy rngr, ngy i m ngh.

n ni c-Pht v Ch-Tng dng bc ti vn thng-uyn ca Vua cha, tn vng Nigrodha (Cy da), thuc ngoi hong thnh. 85- Vua cha c vui mng tip rc c-Pht chng? Vua Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn) vn cha tha-th con Ngi v tht vng au n, khng th ngui lng: Hong-t xut-gia th cn ai xng ng ni nghip cho dng Sakya (Thch Ca). Hay c-Pht v ti, Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn) vng cng gng tng thn hnh ra n vi t-cch ca mt nh vua v mt ngi cha trn long-xa bn nga. Dc ng c Vua gp cc v T-Khu mang bt i kht-thc trong thnh, Ngi ngh ti con ca Ngi l mt v Hong-t, m ngy nay cng phi i xin n theo ph-phng, nh th y tht l nhc-nh v cng. Ngi lin truyn lnh xua ui cc thy T-Khu cho khi chng mt; ri quay long-xa tr vo hong-cung, m-p mi lo s cho rng s hi loan ca con Ngi l mt iu bt-thng, sp em li mt trn bo-t, li cun dng ging Sakya theo triu-lu thot tc. 86- c-Pht i x cch no? c-Pht lin phi ng Udayi vo n an-i Vua cha v gii-thch cho Ngi hiu rng trong i rt kh m c ci vinh-hnh l Cha ca mt ng Cu-th, v-vang hn lm Thng-Hong ca mt v Chuyn-Lun vng. Vua Suddhodana nghe c, bt su truyn lnh t chc mt cuc nghinh tip c-Pht rt trng th. 87- Ti sao c-Pht khng th-phn lm con ch Vua cha ra nghinh tip? c-Pht tin on s gp nhiu s kh khn trong bui ti-ng hm nay: 1. Dng Sakya t c ch kim ni ting l mt dng t cao, t trng, chng bao gi chu khut-phc mt ai. 2. Du Ngi l Pht nhng Ngi bit khng d g lm thn-Thnh qu mnh c, nht l trc mt Vua cha v nhng bc trng-lo trong dng h l nhng ngi tng bit Ngi lc cn nh b.

3. Mt bc Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic khng th ng dy, cng khng th nghing mnh trc mt ngi phm-tc no, v ngi rng u ngi y s b b ra lm by ming, nu h chu th-lnh ci vinh-hnh ti cao y. Nh th phi lm sao gii-quyt vn- nghi l, y hu-qu nguy-khn cho gia-nh quyn-thuc ca Ngi. c-Pht nht-nh phi dng mt php thn-thng cm-phc dng Sakya, trc gi hi-ng vi Vua cha v hong-thn trong triu. Ngi ha ra mt con ng trn h-khng; trn y Ngi i kinh-hnh nh i trn mt t, gia lc Vua Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn), b-quan vn-v v dn chng rn-r ra nghinh n Ngi. Trc s mu-nhim hy-hu y, mi ngi ngng mt ln dm mt cch sung-sng, ri chp tay qu ly, t lng tnknh c-Pht. Chnh Vua cha Suddhodana (Tnh-Phn) cng qu ly con ca Ngi, thn-tm rt khon-khoi nh-nhng v c ch c lm Cha ca mt ng Cu-Th. Hong-hu Gotami v thng nh Hong-t Siddhattha, ngy m ri ly m- cho n ui c hai con mt, nay hay tin c-Pht tr v, lng vui phn khi n cc-, khin cho i mt ca B bt sng tr li nh xa. 88- Rc c-Pht vo n, Vua Suddhodana ni chi vi con ca Ngi? Mi tnh lnh nht gia cha con chm dt trong gi pht ph-t on vin, nn hai bn thn-mt tr chuyn. c Vua vn cha hi lng trc hon cnh tng phn xn-xang gia i sng ca con Ngi: i chn khng, n nm vt-v, khng tm nc thm, khng mc y-phc thanh-nh, khng eo h-v, khng m-nhc ca-v, cng khng c phi-tn cung-n hu-h. c-Pht vch ra t im, dng li n-tn l-php gii-thch cho Vua cha thy r rng i sng an-vui ca bc Thnh-nhn khng cn dnh lu n cc iu hoan-h ca th-tc v bc xut-gia sn c nhiu s bi-p, nhiu t n cao qu hn. Nghe vy c Vua cng tm gi l an-tm, xong Ngi vn c-chp a v -Vng. 89- Vua Suddhodana c-chp a v -vng ca Ngi bng cch no? Vua Suddhodana khng mun cho con Ngi mi ba mang bt i xin n ni dn chng. trnh s nhc-nh y, Vua cha thnh c-Pht v Ch-Tng mi ngy vo th-thc trong hong-cung.

90- mun ca Vua Suddhodana c em li s va lng cho Ngi chng? Lm nh th chng khc no lp n trng ni cung ni cho c-Pht tha h cm-ha thn-nhn. Mi ngy c-Pht c dp hi kin vi quyn-thuc, no l cha, m nui, v con, em t, ch bc, bn xa, l nhng ngi au kh t lc Ngi trn i tm o v lun lun phin trch Ngi ra i khng mt li t-bit. Ln ln c-Pht ci m s hiu lm ca quyn thuc: "V tnh thng lai-lng i vi gia-nh chng-tc, Nh-Lai ch tm-bit tm ng dit kh, hu hng dn mi ngi tin n ni an-vui tuyt i. Ngy nay o y qu , cng v lng t-bi V-lng i vi ton th chng-sanh, m Nh-Lai v y thuyt-minh chn-l cu- quyn-thuc ging ni, ra khi sng-m bin-kh. Trong i, Nh-Lai l ngi duy-nht tn-ty hy-sinh, em li hnh-phc cho nhn qun x-hi". Bao nhiu su kh phin-mun ch dp tun ra ln n ngi tht-hiu, bc-tnh, ln ln b tan r di hiu lc ca li bin-minh rt chn-chnh, cng lc cng em li cho tm hn mi ngi, nhng cm xc nh-nhng khon-khoi. Ngoi tr c vua, tt c thn-quyn ca c-Pht u qu ly xin th qui-gii lm ngi c-s: Ba v Hong-thc, b Dng-mu Gotami, Cng-cha Yasadhara, Hong-t Rahula, Hong- Nanda, cng anh em ch bc, tnh ra trn ngn ngi. 91- C ai xin xut-gia theo Pht chng? C nhiu ngi nhng h ch lnh ca c vua. 92- Lnh y ra sao? Vua h ch cho php gia-nh no c t hai ngi con trai xp ln, c cho xut-gia mt ngi, theo c-Pht. Vua mun c mt nhm ngi trong hng vng-tn theo bn cnh c-Pht, ph-trng phng-danh hong tc. Mt khc, c vua mun bo tn dng ging, trc nht mun gi ngi con th ca Ngi l Hong-t Nanda (con ca b Gotami) v chu ni l Rahula, duy-tr c-nghip ca dng Sakya. 93- Trc quyt-nh khn kho ca Vua cha, c-Pht ngh sao?

Bit rng Vua cha cn nng nghip trn cha cm ha c, nhng khng v m b qua c-hi t- nhng ngi hu-duyn, trc nht l em v con ca Ngi. S xut-gia ca Thi-t Rahula v Hong- Nanda l hai bin-c rt xc-ng cho Vua Suddhodana, c-Pht khng v tnh thng cht hp ca Cha m khng tun t a ngi hu-duyn ln ng gic-ng. 94- Hong-t Rahula c xut-gia trong trng hp no? Th thng ngi i, nht l hng ph-n lun lun tin-tng ni s thnh-cng ca mu-chc mnh. Cng-cha Yasodhara, tha dp ng chng hi-loan, dy con ca b l Thi-t Rahula mt bi hc tm s, ri tha lc c-Pht vo n th-thc xong xui, sp tr ra v ni tm-tr, b xi gic con b chy theo, th-th xin cha truyn s nghip li. ca b Cng-cha dy con xin ngi Vua, nhng s khn lanh ca b u c hn Tr-Tu ca bc siu-phm. Nghe con xin truyn s-nghip c-Pht lin hoan-h nhn li v v-v bo: "Ny con Rahula, con theo Nh-Lai n vn Nigrodha (Cy da), Nh-Lai s truyn cho con c mt s-nghip tinhthn v-i m Nh-Lai dnh sn cho con". Nghe li ha ngt-ngo ca ngi Cha hin t, cha tng gn-gi, ng Hong Rahula hn-h vui-mng, np di bng t-bi mt-m ca c cha lnh, lp-xp chy theo bn cnh, qun c nhng li cn-dn ca m. V ti ni tm-tr, c-Pht lin giaoph cho hai ng Sariputa v Moggalna lm l xut-gia cho Hong-t Rahula vo hng Samanera (Sa-Di). ng tiu Sa-Di ny li vui sng bn cnh c-Pht, dng nh c mt nng-lc g huyn-b lm cho tm-hn ng nh-nhng, vui-sng, trong sch tinh-khit, rt xng ng tip-th s-nghip tinh-thn ca c cha lnh. Cng-cha Yasodhara, d-nhin phi mang ly hu qu ca mu-chc sp t m b khng tin ni ra. Nhng sau khi suy-cng ngh-cn, b cho rng vic xut-gia ca con b l phi, v con phi theo cha, mt ngi cha xng ng bo-m tng-lai cho con b. 95- Cn s-phn ca Hong- Nanda ra sao? Ni qua ng Hong-t tr-trung tun-t Nanda, ngi duy-nht cn li ni-nghip cho hong-triu; ngy n nhm ngy Hong-t snh-duyn cng nng Janapadakalyn, mt v cng-nng m-miu ti thnh Kapilavastu, lun dp Vua Suddhodana nh phong con Ngi lm ng-cung Thi-t v cng l ngy khnh thnh cung-in lm ni ng-phng hoa-chc, cPht dng mu cm-ha em Ngi mt cch l-th. Gia lc trong hong-

cung ng rn-rp, c-hnh ba i l: Kt-hn, Phong-tc v Khnhthnh, c-Pht t-khc khng vo n th-thc, cho em mnh rnhrang lo b hnh-phc tng-lai. ng gi rc du, c-Pht mang bt i ngang trc hong-thnh. Hongt Nanda, t bn h nh gi va v ti ca Ng-mn vi v Tn-nhn, cht thy c-Pht, lin b nng chy n rc bt, em vo sp thc n mn ngt, tr ra dng bt li cho c-Pht. c-Pht khng thu-bt, chm-ri quay bc tr v ni vn cy da. V l php i vi bc trng-thng, Hong-t Nanda li-thi m bt theo sau. n ni, c-Pht em nhng li-ch ti cao ca i sng xut-gia giithch cho Hong- nghe, so-snh hnh-phc chc tht ca bc thot-ly trntc vi hnh-phc gi-tm ca k b ct tri trong gia-nh v khuyn em nn noi gng ca mnh tm o qu Nit-Bn. ng Nanda, mc du cn nng mang khi-tnh, nhng xt ra li ni ca bc Ch-tn tht l ng l, ng lin chu xut-gia. Kh cho ng Nanda, khi mang ci lt ca v thy tu ri, ng n-nn hi-hn; khng bit lm sao tr v vi v p mi ci? Xa cch ngi yu ng Nanda khng th ngui c lng thng nh, nhiu phen ng trn ra khi ch c-tch tr v nhng my ln u b bt gp. tr tn gc ci bnh tng-t ca ng Nanda, c-Pht ngh a ng y ln ving cc v Thin-n tn ci tri -thch. Nghe ni cc v Thin-n sc-p tuyt-trn, ng T-Khu Nanda, sn tnh ho sc, vui-v chu i ngay. c-Pht bo ng nm ly cho y ca-sa ca Ngi, ri Ngi bay-bng ln h-khng. Bay ngang qua mt m rng, va b mt trn ha-tai thiuri. c-Pht ch cho ng Nanda xem mt con kh ci ng ngi c-r trn cnh cy chy en, may-mn thot cht, nhng mnh my b la tp tri lng, l-li xem rt thm-thng. K trong nhy mt, ng Nanda c a n th-gii t-ti ca Vua tri -thch (Indra) cho ng mc tnh thng-thc v-p v-song kiu-dim v ct-cch thn-tin ca cc v Thin-n. Khi tr v ng Nanda th nhn vi c-Pht rng nhng phi-tn m-l ca Vua tri -thch, snh vi v ng th v ng chng khc no con kh ci lc ny. T-tng ca ng t hng v cc v Hng-nga tin-n; ng nhn-ni nng theo c-Pht tu-hnh, mong ngy kia c sanh v thin-cung lm bn vi cc v Thin-n duyn-dng m- y. Trong gii xut-gia, ln ln ai ai cng bit mc-ch b-mt ca ng Nanda, nn ngi

ta gi ng l "V tnh lang ca Thin-n " cho n ngy ng c-gng dit c cn-bnh say-m sc-p ho-huyn v nht thi ca ph-n. 96- Sau s xut-gia ca hai ng Rahula v Nanda, Vua Suddhodana c phin trch c-Pht chng? C phin trch cng vic ri. V li c-Pht ch nhm mc-ch cukh, cng kh m li cho Ngi c: 1. Thi-t Rahula chy theo xin Cha truyn s-nghip v khi c thamn, li vui thch theo Cha. 2. ng Hong- Nanda ha ra ngi "V tnh lang ca Thin-n " th mong g cho ng tr li vi ngi v m ng snh nh con kh ci. Lc c-Pht va v ti Kapilavastu, Vua Suddhodana c cm-tng (85) rng con Ngi sp gy ra mt phong tro xut-gia mnh-lit cho dng Sakya, nn ban u Ngi t ra bt-mn, nhng sau li nh nghe c lintip hai thi php ca c-Pht, Vua Saddhodana c c o qu Tu-Hn v Tu--Hm, Ngi tha thch dng vn Nigrodha (Cy da) cho c-Pht v Ch-Tng lm ni Hong-php -sanh 2. 97- Cn ai trong dng Sakya xin xut-gia theo c-Pht na? Nm trm v Vng-tn cng-t, k tm-o nhit thnh, ngi v b-bn quyn-r, n-mc sang trng, ko nhau n ra mt c-Pht, xin Ngi ging php cho nghe. Sau thi php, mi ngi u tnh nguyn xin xut-gia. Sn c ng Upali (u-B-Li), ngi th co ca hong-gia "Thp tng ving Pht", h lin cy ng th-pht cho h v ha cho tt c y-phc trang-sc n n ng, bi cc vt y ht cn gi-tr i vi i thot-tc. Tnh c ng Upali tr nn ngi giu c nhng duyn lnh ca ng n, ng khng th-nhn ch c-ao c c-Pht thu ng vo hng -t ca Ngi. Trong lc 500 v Vng-tn cng-t tr v t-gi gia-nh, ng Upali vo ly c-Pht xin xut-gia, c-Pht lin thu nhn ng lm Thin-Lai TKhu (hi-Bhikku). Vo sau v c xut-gia trc, nn cc v Vng-tn cng-t phi knh-nhng ng l Bc cao h n anh. 98- Trong hng Vng-tn cng-t ni trn c ai l thn bng quyn thuc ca c-Pht khng?

C nm ng hong: hai ngi em ch-bc ca c-Pht l ng Anuruddha (A-Nu-a-La) v ng Ananda (A-Nan-) v ngi b con c-cu, anh rut ca Cng-cha Yasodhana, tn Devadatta (-B-t-a). Cn hai ngi na khng bit tn chi. (Theo ngun lch-s ca thi i sau, nm v Hong-thn ni trn v ng Upali n xin xut-gia, lc c-Pht ng ti lng Anupiya, trong x ca vua Malla, thuc v hng Nam kinh- Kapilavastu). 99- o-gio ca c-Pht em li nh-hng chi cho dng Sakya? Dng Sakya ton l nhng v-tng v-ch, khi hp-th c Gio-Php ca c-Pht, u tr nn hin-t o c, th chu cht hn dng bo-lc, trnh gy nghip bo. ---o0o--F. T Kapilavastu (Ca-B-La-V) sang qua thnh Savatthi (X-V) 100- c-Pht Kapilavastu bao lu ri i u na? Sau 4 thng qu nh, c-Pht t-gi Vua cha v quyn-thuc sang qua kinh thnh Savatthi (X-V), x Kosala ca Vua Pasnadi (Ba-T-Nc), thuc v hng Ty thnh Kapilavastu. 101- Ti thnh Savatthi (X-V) c-Pht c tip rc nh th no? Ti thnh Savatthi, c mt v i ph gia tn Anthapindika (Cp-C-c): ngi nui k ngho kh c-c), sn ch nghinh-tip c-Pht v dng cho Ngi mt ngi cha lng-ly, va to lp xong. 102- Ti sao ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) bit c-Pht sp n m lo to ch nghinh-tip? ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) c n Rajagaha (Vng-X) nhiu lt giao-thip bun-bn v c dp nghe c-Pht thuyt-php ti vn Veluvana (Trc-Lm). ng c c o qu Tu--Hn tha-thch xin qui-y v thnh-cu c-Pht n Hong-ng Pht-php ti Savatthi (XV).

c-Pht nhn li, nhng bo ng Anthapindika v kim sn mt ni thanh-vng, ngoi thnh Savatthi, khi Ngi v Ch-Tng n ch an-tr. ng Anthapindika v la c mt hoa vin p nht, ngoi- thnh XV. Hoa vin y thuc v ca ng Hong Jeta (K-). ng ny khng mun bn, li diu chi vi ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) rng: nu ng tri ph vng cng khp trn mt t ca hoa vin ti, ti mi bn cho. ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) lin chu mua vi gi c y. L li ng Hong Jeta phi chu bn nhng vi iu kin l ng gi li nguyn vn cc th cy, nht l nhng danh-mc c-th, nh xoi, dn hng, cho c bng mt v bo tn thanh cnh trang-nghim, huyn mc cho hoa vin m ng cng kh to ra ... Nhn , sau khi ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) ct tnh x, rc c-Pht v Ch-Tng v , ngi ta thng gi l Jeta Vana (K-Vin hay Hu-Vin ca ng Jeta) hoc l Anthapindika Vihra (CpC-c Tnh-x). 103- Tnh-x ca ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) c chi c bit khng? Tnh-x ny l mt thng cnh p nht gia mt cnh ng ph-nhiu, nm v hng Ty Kapilavastu (Ca-B-La-V) v hng Ty-Nam ni Hy-MLp-Sn, cch xa hai ni y 150 cy s. Quanh nm tit tri mt-m, c hoa ti p, li gn qu-hng ca c-Pht, nn Ngi thng kit-h ni y 3. i-c Sariputa c phi n trc, ch v cho ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) cch thc to-lp Tnh-x. Gia vn l mt bit-tht dnh ring cho c-Pht, chung quanh c vn hoa v ao sen, bn ma hng xng ngt-ngo. Nm trm v T-Khu ring, mi v mt tnh-tht, ct rirt trong hoa vin; ngoi ra no l ging-ng, trai-ng, phng tm, cu tiu nh bp, kin trc c lp lang. Ban ngy thin-nam tn n ti lui tp np, ti li ch cn nhng bng ngi lng-l kinh-hnh, qun-tng di tn cy u-tch. 104- c Vua no tr v x Kosala, ti Savatthi v Ngi i vi c-Pht ra sao? Chnh c Vua Pasenadi (Ba-T-Nc). Hay tin c-Pht ng n Tnh-x Cp-C-c, Vua v b-quan trong triu thn-hnh n cho mng. Vua Ba-T-Nc, cng nh cc v vua khc, khi n ving c-Pht, u p-dng mt nghi-thc x-giao ging nhau. Trc on xe gi c ton qun-nhc m

ng, sau c binh gia h-tng. n trc cng Tnh-x. Vua v b-quan xung xe, lt ct nm biu chng: Lng, mo, qut v giy ri t t i chn khng vo. n trc c-Pht, Vua v b-quan qu ly nh-l: Phong tc n- t phm-cch tinh-thn trn uy-th -vng. 105- Vua Pasenadi c lng m o khng? Vua Pasenadi cng nh Vua Bimbisna, ng tui vi c-Pht thy Ngi cng l dng Vua, li dm hy-sinh ngi bu xut-gia tm o v khi thnh cng c qu, cn phi sng mt cuc i phiu-lu kh-cc, tn ty vi ngha-v t-th nhn, nn ht sc knh-phc v nhit thnh ng h cPht trong vic Hong-php. 106- Ti Savatthi c-Pht cn ngi -t no trung thnh nh ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) chng? K ng Anthapindika (Cp-C-c) l b Viskh, mt tin-n giu c gip c-Pht mt cch c-lc. B rt ng con v nhiu chu cht, c dn chng thnh X-V xem nh bc phc-hu -nht, nn trong mi cuc l lun lun mi b ch ta nh hng-phc ca b. B c ni danh l mt v i th-ch. Cc nh s n X-V u nh b chu-cp mi vt cn thit. B nguyn vi c-Pht, trn i dng cng y phc tm ma cho Tng-ni, thuc men cho cc nh s c bnh, vt thc cho cc v mi n hoc sp i v mi sng dng cho lt lng cho Ch-Tng. i vi b Viskh cng nh phn ng ph-n, ngi n-nhn hay ngi ng cm n, chng phi ngi cng dng c-Pht v Ch-Tng, m chnh l c-Pht, bi Ngi ch dy cch thc thc hin cng hnh b th cho mi ngi c d vo phn thng ca cng-hnh b-th y. 107- Trong thi-gian c-Pht an-c ti Savatthi c iu chi xy ra chng? Ti Tnh-x Cp-C-c, c-Pht thu nhn -t cng ngy cng ng; c nhiu ngi chng o qu T-Thnh ting n khp x, thin-h a nhau n qui-y th-gio vi c-Pht, lm cho cc o gio phi lu-l v cc v o-s phi thiu thn mi b, nn h m ra ganh-t th on, tm mi mu chc lm hi c-Pht. 108- H lm hi cch no?

y ch tm lc hai s tch: a) tha-mn lng ganh-t, bn t-s nhm li nh dng m-nhn-k lm cho mt thanh-danh uy-tn ca c-Pht. Mi bui ti, gia lc thin-nam tn-n t K-Vin ra v, sau khi nghe php ca c-Pht, mt n o-s, nhan-sc m-, xim o le-lot, tay cm hoa thm, i ngc chu v hng Tnh-x. C ngi ku hi: C i u gia m tm ti vy c? Nng y tn Cinca, ngoe-ngoy tr li: "Ti i u, cn c chi my ngi m hi". i khi m ngi, nng Cinca tr li ngh trong cha ca bn t-s, gn Tnh-x Cp-C-c. Rng sng, lc thin-tn, t ngoi thnh Savatthi vo Tnh-x yt-kin c-Pht, nng Cinca li tr ra, cng nh nng t Tnh-x i v. C ai hi: C ng u m v sm vy? Nng cng ngoe-ngoy tr li: -"Ti ng u, mc k ti". Lin tip gp nng vi c ch kh nghi, nhiu ngi ngc-nhin hi na: C ng u m v sm vy? Nng Cinca tr li: -"Ti ng trong Tnh-x vi ng Sa-Mn Gotama". T tn- xm-x, bn-tn, phn-vn, nghi-ng. Bn thng sau ai ai thy bng ca nng Cinca cng ngy cng ln. n tm chn thng bng nng li cng to ln, t ra ngi mt-nhc, nh gn ngy sanh-. Mt bui chiu n, lc c-Pht ng ngi trn bo-ta thuyt-php cho tn- nghe, nng Cinca vo ng trc mt c-Pht ku ni rng: -"Ny ng i Sa-Mn, ng ging o-l cho mi ngi vi ging tht l ngt-ngo d thng nhng i vi ti y, v ng m phi mang thai nghn, nay gn ngy n-nhy khai hoa, m khng thy ng lo to cho ti mt chi tranh, cng mua sm nhng vt cn-thit cho vic sanh-. Cng khng thy ng li cy mn nhng ngi trung-thnh vi ng nh c Vua Pasenadi. ng Anthapindika hoc b Viskh, thay th lo gim

cho ng. ng bit chi hoa thng nguyt m ng khng bit ngn-nga hu qu". c-Pht ngng cuc thuyt-php, dm ngay nng Cinca v tht rng: -"Ny c th ch, nhng li c va th-l , tht hay gi, ch c c v NhLai bit thi". Nng Cinca cng bnh-tnh tr li: -"Tht vy, tha ng Sa-Mn, ch c i ta mi r thu s tnh ny thi". Va dt li, mt khc g hnh bn cu, m nng Cinca rng-rt trc bng, thnh-lnh rt xung dp cng nng 4. Mu gian bi l, thin-nam tn-n r ln, k phun nc ming, ngi th tt-v vo mt nng. c-Pht lin ngn-cn, khuyn tn- dung-th v thng hi cho k li-lm. Nng Cinca chy ra kh Tnh-x, va khut dng, th t xp, vi thn nng di mt ci h su y la a ngc 5. b) Bn t-s cha chu ng bc trn ng ti-li. nh hy-sinh mt n o-s na tn Soundari (ngi p), h mn k cn- bp hng c ny, ri ln em thy vi di ?ng trng hoa-ho, cht gn bit-tht ca cPht. Mt khc h i khai-bo vi nh Vua rng c Soundari mt tch. Phlc vi nh chc-trch h cho b h i tm kim c Soundari. D-nhin h kim c t-thi c ny mt cch d-dng v nm trn mt ci vng khin vo thnh Savatthi, truyn rao cho thin-h thy r bng c dm-ng hin-nhin ca ng C-m, m -t ca ng c che y, nn git c Soundari phi-tang. D-lun xn-xao phn-ut. Nh cm-quyn ng ngm-ngm iu tra, th bn st-nhn c trng thng r nhau ra tu-lu, gy tic vui-say, ri chia nhau s tin th-lao. Thn men m-nh, anh no cng mun dnh phn nhiu, ci-c, u-, ri t co ln nhau. Kt cuc c bn st-nhn v k ng la u phi n ti trc cng-l. Mt ln na, hm-oan ca c-Pht c minh-gii. Trong i k tiu-nhn mun lm hi mt ngi chn-chnh, khng phi d nh mun, h tt l co-gian mt v Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic. 109- Ti Savatthi, c-Pht cn gp tr ngi chi na chng?

Nhm Lc-S cn ngh tranh-ti, u php vi c-Pht, c Vua Pasenadi chng kin. c-Pht bt buc phi lm va lng h. Trc khi tranh-bin, c-Pht dng php thn-thng ha ra mt cy xoi to ln, cao tn my xanh, y bng tri, gia sn dn trng cho cuc hi-hp, ri Ngi n ng di gc xoi tr li t cu cht vn ca nhm Lc-S. (Theo s tch khc, c-Pht ha php ngi trn mt ta-sen ln bng bnh xe. Nhn , trong thi-i sau, cc cha u tng ct Pht ngi trn tasen. Mt ngun ti-liu khc ghi rng c-Pht ha ra v-s V Pht i ng nm ngi trn khng-gian). Bao nhin bin chng ca Lc-S a ra u b c-Pht nh tan, vi l l khng chi ci c. Khng thy kinh-sch ghi r nhng bin-chng chi. 110- c-Pht c thn-thng qung-i m khng c phng-php no t- nhm Lc-S sao? c-Pht ch ngi c duyn lnh vi Ngi. Nhng ngi y du say-m lm-lc theo t-o, ng gi khc nht nh, gp mt c-duyn h thc-tnh ngay. Ngi khng duyn lnh, du sng bn cnh c-Pht, h cng vn thin v t-o, hung-h l ngi sn c mt tn-ch khc bit nh nhm Lc-S. 112- C ngi no lc theo t-gio m c c-Pht t- ? Ti Savatthi (X-V) trong mt h, c-Pht c t- mt tn st-nhn, cung tn theo t-gio, gy ra s kinh-khng cho dn x Kosala. K stnhn y tn Angulimla (Ngn tay trng-c), con ca mt v i-Thn ti Savatthi. Chng c gi n th-gio vi mt v o-s danh-ting. Rt thng-minh, vn hay v gii, chng c thy yu mn, trng i hn cc bn hc-sinh. Bn ny sanh lng ganh-t, bao phen lp k, mt tht vi thy rng Angulimla m-mu phn thy. ng o-s khng tin nhng ba lt b thc-gic phi xua-ui Angulimla ra khi nh, trnh tai-hi v sau. Xiu theo li nnh-b bt-chnh, ng thy lp k a Angulimla vo chn lao-t, mi ku bo rng: "Ny con, thy thy con v-ngh tinh-thng. thy mun truyn cho con mt php mu-nhim sau ny cn nh ly m lp-thn; nhng trc khi truyn php huyn-b cho con, con phi git cho mt ngn ngi, ct ly ngn tay, x lm mt xu trng hoa em v y". Angulimla tuy thng-minh nhng tham-vng rt nhiu, khng suy-ngh, phn li ti-ngh xut chng, lin t-gi thy i tm git cho 1000

ngi. Ai i vo rng cng, i l loi ni vng-v u b Angylimla git cht v ct ngn tay x xu eo ln c. Ting n dn chng kinh-s. Vua Pasenadi nh em binh i bt tn st-nhn v tr ti. Lc y Angulimla git c 999 ngi, cng git cng hng mu khng gm tay mong mau c s, sm tr v cho thy truyn o. Cng lc y b m ca Angulimla d hi tin-tc, bit tn st-nhn l con ca b. B lin vo rng tm Angulimla khuyn gii v bo tin cho con b hay rng c Vua sp gi binh n bt chng. Thy m, Angulimla b ti c m-nh, nh git m cho s 1000 ngi. B m kinh-hn chy tr li, lin khi y c-Pht hin ra chm-ri i trc mt, chn ng Angulimla, cho b m chng thot thn. Tn st-nhn lin i , nh git ng Sa-Mn, n lc chy n gn h-th. c-Pht mang bt t t bc tr ra, tn st-nhn chy theo sau nh tn bay, trn c ba do-tun, m khng theo kp. Tc mnh, Angulimla ku: "Ka ng Sa-Mn, sao ng khng dng chn li?" c-Pht ngoi li mm ci p: -"Ny Angulimla, Nh-Lai dng bc lu ri, ch c ngi cha chu dng bc thi". Angulimla hi li: "ng ni ng dng bc, sao ti chy theo ng khng kp. ng l ngi ni di". c-Pht p: -"Nh-Lai dng bc trn con ng ti-li. Nh-Lai b ht gmgio t lu ri". Nghe c c by nhiu li Angulimla cht tnh cn lm-lc, hi-ng nnn, ling c gm-dao, qu ly c-Pht, xin ra tay t-. c-Pht lin v-v an-i gii-thch cho Angulimla bit rng: "Tin-kip ngi dy cng tu-hnh v c duyn-lnh gp Chnh-Php, nu Nh-Lai khng n cu ngi th ngi phm ti git m. Vi ci ng-nghch i-ti y, ngi phi sa vo v-gin a-ngc, bit i kip no chuc cho xong". c-Pht dt Angulimla v Tnh-x Cp-C-c cho xut-gia lm TKhu.

Vua Pasenadi, trc khi gi binh n-trc tn st-nhn vo thnh tn- ca c-Pht, v Ngi bit mi vic qu-kh v-lai. Hn na, ting n Angulimla l mt v-tng v-ch, binh-s nghe n tn chng u khips nn c Vua khng mun mo-him, s phi hao-binh tn-tng nhiu. c-Pht bit trc nn khi Vua Pasenadi vo n ni c-Pht hi: "Tu i-Vng, tn st-nhn gy ti ty tri, i vi lut nc i-Vng s trng-tr lm gng. Nhng khi k y bit n-nn ti-li, hi-u hngthin, xin vo y xut-gia tu-hnh, nh cc ng T-Khu ca Nh-Lai y, th i-Vng s i x vi k y nh th no?" -"Bch c Th-Tn, nu k st-nhn y, tht tm n-nn vo xut-gia di s hng dn ca c Th-Tn, th khng chi qu-bu bng. Chng y, Trm s l bi cng-dng, nh Trm l bi cng-dng ch v T-Khu, mn- ca c Th-Tn vy". c-Pht mm ci, a tay ch vo nhm T-Khu m ni rng: "Tu iVng, y l Angulimla, l ngi m i-Vng sp em binh n-trc". Vua Pasenadi ngc nhin mp nh-l ng T-Khu Angulimla. Khi y binh tng ngi chung quanh hu vua, git mnh, len-lt lit dm ngi v tng v-ch, ni ting hung c, ng ngi chm-ch trong oai-nghi oc. 113- c-Pht cn chu du ni no na? Sau khi tranh ti u-php vi nhm Lc-S (cu 109) th ma ma cng va n, c-Pht ln kit-h cung tri ao-Li, thuyt phn Vi-Diu-Php, m Ngi l Hong-Hu Maya n o qu Nit-Bn. 114- ni rng c-Pht b Maya ti Budhi Gaya (cu 50) sao nay cn na? Vi-Diu-Php l php chi? Sao th-gian bit c c-Pht ging php y cho m Ngi? Nu ti Bodhi Gaya, b Maya c c o qu A-La-Hn th b vo Nit-Bn ri, khng cn lm chng-sanh cung tri. Lch-s khng ghi r nhng c l ln u tin b Maya ch c o qu A-Na-Hm thi. gi trn o lm con, c-Pht ty thi c, m Ngi n tn b gii-thot. Ba thng sau, c-Pht tr xung n-, ti thnh Sankasya, mt ni xaxm v hng Ty Savatthi, hon-ton chu nh-hng ca B-La-Mn

gio. Trn hai trm nm sau, Vua Asoka (A-Dc) c n tn ch chim-bi v xy thp k-nim dt tn l thp Sankissa, hin nay vn cn di-tch. Tr li th-gian, c-Pht ln lt em php m Ngi thuyt ti cung tri ao-Li ging-gii cho Ch Thinh-Vn La-Hn nghe. Php y dy v tm, danh-sc v Nit-Bn, rt cao su kh hiu nn gi l Vi-Diu-Php (Abhidhamma). Sau li c ghi chp trong Tng th ba cng gi l Tng Vi-Diu-Php m ngi ta thng gi l Tng-Lun. (C ch ghi rng c-Pht ln cung tri trong h th 7, ch khc ni h th 6). 115- Ngi c duyn-lnh nhng xa-xm li cng khng phi l thnnhn ca c-Pht, c hy-vng c t- chng? Nhng ngi hu-duyn gp c-Pht ra i u c t- c thy. M?i bui sm mai, c-Pht dng Thin-nhn soi khp mi ni coi c ngi ng duyn-k, du xa-xm n u, Ngi cng n t-, nh trng-hp ca chng Angulimla (cu 112). Ngoi ra, tn- no c chnh-tn, thng ngy tng nh n n-c Tam- Bo m khng cu-cnh van-vi xin n-hu, ch lo lm lnh phi, tin l nhn-qu, th chng nhng gia-nh h cng c an-vui ha-thun, m h li cn c th lm nhp-cu a thnnhn quyn-thuc n cho c-Pht t-. 116- Xin cho vi bng chng. T Sankasya, c-Pht tr li Savatthi. Ni y Ngi c dp t- gia-nh ca ng Cp-C-c. Ai cng bit ng ny l mt nh triu-ph nhng v c nhng thng-gia t-kin, nn du v r ca ng thng gy ra s bt-ha trong gia-nh m ng vn nhn-ni nn-chu. Ngy n, ng thnh c-Pht v Ch Thinh-Vn n nh th-thc, c-Pht bit du ca ng l nng Sujata thng mnh l con nh quyn-th giu sang, khng king-n cha m chng, hn-u vi chng v y-xt ti-i nn khi th-thc ri cPht cho mi c ra, em o-l khuyn-gii nng, dy nng t-cch lm du, lm v, d tm ci-phc hin-ti v v-lai. Nh vy, nng tr thnh mt ngi du tho, v hin v mt tn-n rt nhit-thnh. ng Cp-C-c cn mt ngi con gi cng kh tm v phi gp mt gianh t-kin. Lm du cho mt nh triu-ph x Bengale (min Calcutta), mi ngy phi lo l-vt cho cha m chng cng-dng n cc v o-s

la-th. Ngy n, cc thy o-s y c thnh v nh th-thc, cha m chng p nng phi ra l-bi cho mng. Va bc ra thy cc o-s trntrung, d-dy, nng bm mt tr v, t- khinh-b. ng cha chng ni xung, qu trch thm-t. Nng tr li: "Tha cha, con cha tng gp nhng hng ngi la-l nh vy v con ch bit l-bi cng-dng ng Cha lnh duy-nht ca con l c-Pht Gotama cng hng Thnh-Tng, -t ca Ngi thi. c cha lnh ca con v hng mn- ca Ngi dung-nghi lmlit, n mc t-chnh rt xng ng cho tri, ngi l-bi". ng cha chng mi hi: "Mi ni tht chng? Nu qu tht vy mi hy mi cc v y n y th-thc ngy mai. Bng mi ni di, ta s tng-kh mi ra khi nh ny". Trong lc bi-ri nng lin tr li: -"D xin vng". Trn ngy y, nng em ht tm-thn hng v Tnh-x Cp-C-c, ht d tn-thnh cu thnh c-Pht v Ch Thinh-Vn n th-thc ngy mai ti nh cha m chng nng, cu-ri nng khi tai-hi v ph- gia-quyn ca chng nng theo v vi Chnh-Php. Ti Savatthi, chiu ngy y ng Cp-C-c vo yt-kin c-Pht v thnh Ngi cng Ch-Tng ngy mai n th-trai ti t-gia. c-Pht mm ci tr li rng: "Nh-Lai l nhn li thnh cu ca con gi ng ri; nn ngy mai Nh-Lai v Ch Thinh-Vn phi i th-trai ti x Bengale". Con gi ng Cp-C-c inh ninh rng c-Pht s n, nn lo sp t ch tip rc trong mt gian-phng ln trn lu. ng gi c-Pht v Ch Thinh-Vn bay n ng gia h-khng, trc phng trai-tng. Nng ht sc vui-mng, mp ly cung-thnh c cha lnh v Ch v Thnh-tng vo an-ta, c nh ngc nhin, knh-phc, thnh tm l-bi cng-dng ng i Sa-Mn Gotama v on ty-tng ca Ngi. Th-thc ri c Th-Tn thuyt-php c gia-quyn t cha m chng n chng v ti-trai t-gi ca nng. Mi ngi u pht tm tn-ngng xin qui-y th-gii lm thin-nam tn-n.

c-Pht em an-vui hnh-phc cho ngi thin-n chnh-tn l con gi ng Cp-C-c v gia-nh bn chng ca nng. 117- Hin nay, nu c ngi chnh-tn cu khn c-Pht gia-h cho, c linh-nghim chng? Nn nh rng hai cu chuyn k trn xy ra lc c-Pht cn ti th. Nhng ngi c gieo nhiu duyn-lnh, mi c sanh vo thi-k y. Gp lc c-Pht ra i m khng c Chnh-kin, cng khng th nh Pht t- c. Chng phi v lng sng-m, v s cu-khn m c-Pht sa i c nghip-qu ca mi ngi. Vi mt c-tin chn-chnh, kin-nhn thc-hin i sng, y theo gio-l ca c-Pht, mi tn- phi t-lc mu-cu hnh-phc an-vui cho mnh, ch nn m qung li ni s gia-h ca c-Pht, bi mi hnh ng thin-c do lut nhn-qu. 118- c-Pht c gp k no cng-ngnh, khu-chc Ngi chng? Pht-gio ra i lm lu-l cc o-gio khc, khng sao trnh c k cng-ngnh ph-ri. c-Pht l ngi l- n-ha, khng bao gi lm Pht lng ai c, tr khi no c ngi n gy chuyn. Ngi mi i ph nhng cng dng kim-ngn m-t cm-thng h. 119- Xin cho vi bng chng. y ch tm-lc vi chuyn trong mun ngn chuyn xy ra: 1) Ngy n, c mt thy B-La-Mn trong tay giu mt con chim vo c-Pht: "Ny ng Sa-Mn Gotama (C-m), ti ng cm trong tay mt con chim, ng c ti gii th ni cho mi ngi bit con chim y sng hay cht?" c-Pht bo: -"Ny thy B-La-Mn, thy nn em con chim ca thy ra ngoi, hi nhiu ngi lm chng, ri em tr v y, Nh-Lai s cho bit chim y sng hay cht". c-Pht bit rng chim y sng nhng nu Ngi ni n sng, thy o-s bp nght, du sng chim y cng phi cht.

2) Mt nhm B-La-Mn khc n hi: "Ny thy Gotama (C-m), tc-l xa nay t bc Vua-cha n hng th dn, mun cu hnh-phc cho gianh, x-hi, ai ai cng git th vt cng t thn-linh. Th-tc y c li ch cho b-gia b-tnh, c sao ng li khng cho tn- ca ng p-dng". c-Pht p: -"Ny cc thy B-La-Mn, con ngi khn hn mun vt, t mnh phi tm hnh-phc cho mun loi vn-vt. Tr-Tu lm g, m phi h mnh, li ni thn-linh? St-sanh hi vt i ly hnh-phc cho mnh; hnh-phc u khng thy, m ti-c hin-nhin". "Khng u thy Gotama (C-m), cc con vt b git t-thn u c siu-thot v thng-gii, bi th chng phi l ti-c, m chnh l mt vic lnh gip cc con vt y mau c thot khi kip a-y, siusinh v ci yn-vui. Th ti sao Nh-Lai cha tng thy ai lm vic lnh y mu-cu hnh-phc thin-ng cho thn-nhn quyn-thuc ca h?". 3) Nhm B-La-Mn khc n vn-nn: "Bch thy Gotama (C-m), Thnh-kinh t ngn xa lu-truyn, c hiu lc huyn-b thiu-t ti-li cho linh-hn ngi qu-vng c nh-nhng, hi-qui ni cu-v, cng hng khoi-lc mun i vi Brahma; o ca thy c cng-b l o cu-kh, song mi khi trong hng t-chng ca thy, c ai qua i, chng thy t-chc t-thn, c im-lng khing xc i thiu?" -"Ny cc thy B-La-Mn, o ca Nh-Lai hn tht l o cu-kh, cukh mt cch thc-t. Hng t-chng ca Nh-Lai thng xuyn t-, khng mong ch mt tha-lc no gia-h; trn i n ngay, thng, lm lnh, lnh d; tinh-tn trau-gii c-hnh; b-th tr-gii, tham-thin quntng, t-gic gic-tha; khi th hi cui cng, nu cha c a qu NitBn h s th-sanh vo cnh-gii yn-vui hip theo nh-lut cng-bnh thin-nhin m Nh-Lai gi l Lut-Nhn-Qu. Nu Thnh kinh ca cc thy qu tht c hiu lc i c ra thin, sa ti ra phc; Nh-Lai xin ngh em ra th-nghim chng-minh s tht: Cc thy hy ly mt cc v mt cc bng gn ng cn vi nhau trc mt ri xm li tng Thnh-kinh cu nguyn cho cc tr ra nh nh bng gn v cho cc bng gn tr ra nng nh cc . Khi tng kinh cu-nguyn ri, cc thy em hai vt y th xung sng Gng, cc thy ngh sao? Cc s ni phu trn mt nc hay cc bng gn?"

120- Ti sao trong Pht-gio c tc-l cu-an v cu-siu? c-Pht khng c li bi kinh no gi l kinh cu-an hay cu-siu. Do ni s i hi ca ngi th-tc m-tn m ny sanh tc-l cu-an v cusiu. An hay khng t mnh, siu hay khng cng t mnh, nu mnh bit hnh ng theo gio-l ca c-Pht. Hin nay nhng Pht-ngn m ngi ta thng em ra tng trc mt xc cht, mt linh-cu thuc v loi php thc-tnh nhng ngi cn sng c mt ni m tang, cho h hiu rng chng-sanh trong Tam-gii phi chung chu ci lut v-thng sanh-dit v khi cht ri cn phi ti-sanh ni vui, ni kh ty theo nghip-lc, ch khi no tu-hnh n o qu Nit-Bn mi dit c ci kh sanh-t lun-hi. t ai gii-thch, mc tnh ngi th hiu sao cng uc. Tnh trng mp-m y d-nhin lm mt gi tr ca o. Trong trng hp cu-bnh gii-ch, ngi ta dng mt th Pht-ngn m xa kia c-Pht c dp thuyt cho mt vi v T-Khu c bnh, hoc dy cc thy n-dt trong rng phi hnh-ng cch no trnh nhng vic chng may. L d-nhin ngi cu-kinh phi bit nghe, bit hiu suy-xt qun-tng nhn-ni vi ci au, ci kh v tinh-tn lm lnh, lnh d. Nhng phn ng ch tin ni s ph-h ca c-Pht; nu mnh c th cho rng kinh c hiu lc tr bnh, qun n cng iu tr ca ng Bcs; bng thot c tai-ch cng cho rng nh kinh m vn-mng c sa i khng ai tin ni nhn-qu v-hnh. i vi ngi cu-phc xin ti cn mt th kinh phc-chc khc, khng lp-lang, t ra tha-mn nhu-cu ca th ch. Nu ba loi kinh k trn qu tht c hiu lc, m khng cn phi thc-hnh theo Pht-ngn cng vun-trng o-c th trc nht cc ng thy khng bao gi c bnh, khng gp vic ri-ro v cng c siu-sanh v Nit-Bn. Nu li phc-chc ca cc thy c kt-qu, th thn-bng quyn-thuc ca cc thy u c mi s an-lnh: sng lu, sc-p, an-vui, sc-mnh, giu-sang vinh-hin v nhng tn- trung thnh vi cc thy cng c hng ly. -ooOoo-

- 04 -

G. Gi T Savatthi tr li Rajagaha 121- T Savatthi, c-Pht cn tnh i m o ni no khc na chng? ? Savatthi lu ngy, c-Pht tr li Rajagaha. Ngi thng qua li hai x Kosala v Magadha nhiu lt v Vua Pasenadi (Ba-T-Nc) v Vua Bimbisra (Tn-B-Sa) ht lng tin-tng v gip- c-Pht trong mi phng-din. Ni hai x ny li c nhiu ngi hu-duyn vi c-Pht; lu ngy vng bng Pht, dng nh h thng nh v khao-kht mun c nghe php ca Ngi. 122- c-Pht ging o cch no m ngi ta m-thch d vy? c-Pht ty trnh- ca mi ngi, mi nhm, em nhng php ph-hp vi tm-a, hon-cnh ca thnh-gi m ging-gii cho h nghe. Thng khi trc cng-chng, Ngi bt u dy nhng php thng-thng d-hiu, d-hnh nh s b-th n k tt-nguyn, i kh, t-cch n theo lunthng o-l gieo trng ci-phc, hu tin ha t a v con ngi n ngi-phm ca cc v Tri. Ngi ch r nhng ti-li trong s am-m theo tnh-dc v nhng phc-bu ca s tr-gii tham-thin. Khi nhn thy tinhthn ca ngi hi o hoc ca thnh-gi, c tm-gi, mm-du, hnhoan v c c tin ni Ngi th Ngi bt qua ging-gii v ci kh i, v nhn-sanh kh, v phng-php dit kh v con ng gii-thot khi kh. Chng khc no nh mt tm vi va git sch-s, trng-tro, lin c nhng vo nc nhum, vi y cm mu ti-tn; cng nh ngi hi o hoc thnh-gi c tm-tr m rng lin liu-ng chn-l, ngay khi cPht dt li. c khai sng, thy, chng, thm-nhun l-o dt hoi-nghi, y tin-tng, hon-ton b chinh-phc bo sao h khng hoan-h ca-tng: "Bch c Th-Tn, tht l huyn-diu, phi-thng chng khc no chng con t, c c Th-Tn dy; chng khc no chng con lc ng, c c Th-Tn ch no; chng khc no chng con i trong m ti, c c Th-Tn ri n. c Th-Tn ch dy rnh-r phng-din. T nay chng con xin qui-y Pht, qui-y Php, qui-y Tng". 123- C lc no c-Pht thu-phc ton c thnh-gi trong mt thi php chng? C. Mt ngy n, Vua Bimbisra triu-tp tm mun v l-trng trong x Magadha v kinh-thnh Rajagaha dy phng-php tr dn. Sau cuc hi-

ngh, Vua Tn-B-Sa khuyn h n ving c-Pht ng tnh-dng trn ni Kicchakuta (K-X-Qut). Cc v l-trng y vn khng thch tu-hnh nhng khi c-Pht ging cho h nghe mt thi php, h lin xin qui-y thgii lm thin-nam trong Pht-Gio. 124- C lc no c-Pht b ngi ta m-mu hm-hi chng? Mt lc n, c-Pht ng ti vn Veluvana (Trc-Lm), ngoi thnh Rajagaha, c mt v gio-ch trong nhm Lc-S tn Purana phi mt tn- i-ph gia n ln-la t-v nhit-thnh sng m c-Pht. Ngy n, ng n thnh Pht v Ch-Tng th-trai ti t-gia. Trc khi t-chc ba traitng, ng cho o gia sn ngay li vo nh mt ci hm su ngp u, ch khi c-Pht sp n, ng cho t la than rc, trn ming gt vn mng, tri chiu lt ng nghinh tip c-Pht v Ch-Tng. Bit trc mu-su k-c ca ng trng-gi Srigupta, c-Pht cng vn n. Khi Ngi cng Ch-Tng ti ni, ci hm la bng tr thnh mt h sen ti-tt, bng to l ln, ni ln lm cu cho c-Pht v Ch Thinh-Vn i vo. c-Pht cng thn-nhin nh khng hay bit chi c. Th-thc ri Ngi thuyt-php c v ng Srigupta. Tht-bi, hm sau o-s Purana v nhm - mang bt n nh ng Srigupta xin n nh thng l. Vo trong ng ta chp ming ci. Mt v o-s nh toa-rp trc vi thy lin hi: "Bc Tn S, thin-nhn ca Ngi thy iu chi phi-thng, m hm nay Ngi li chp ming ci?" ng Tn-S nghim-ngh tr li: -"Khng c chi l, bn-tng va thy cch y trm dm, mt con kh t xung nc, ng chi-vi gia dng sng, chy ngang qua thnh Savatthi (X-V). C nh kinh-ngc cm-phc, ngoi tr b Srigupta. th ti v Tn-S ca chng, b bc ra rc bt v tri hn thng l, b vt thc di y bt ri mi cm ln trn, em dng tr li cho c-thy. Lic mt thy ton l cm trng, ng o-s Purana lin ku b ni: "Ny con, con qun vt thc cho thy".

B tn-n ca ng Sa-Mn Gotama (C-m) gi-b khng nghe xy lng tr vo, va i va ni: -"Vt-thc di y bt m khng thy, li thy kh cht chm cch xa trm dm". 125- Ti x Magadha c-Pht cn ch no khc hn Vn TrcLm v cn thu c tn- na chng? Rajagaha (Vng-X) l mt kinh- phn-thnh, cc v thng-gia khp x n- thng ti lui bun bn, c dp nghe c-Pht thuyt-php gingo, i ti ni khc h loan-truyn v ca tng thanh-danh ca V Gio-ch mi ra i, nn t bn phng cc nh m o, giai-cp, cho n nhng ngi lu-xanh k n, u l-lt n Trc-Lm ra mt c-Pht, chng khc no k kht nc i tm mch nc. Hng ngy n ng, n b, thanhnin, thiu n, trang phc xinh p, k em bng hoa, ngi em vt thc n cng-dng c-Pht v bao vy qui-y hi o. Ngy ny sang qua ngy n, c-Pht lun lun n-tn nim-n n tip trai lnh, gi tn: nh mt ngun nc cng cng ngt-ngo mt-m, cho mi ngi t-do n gii-kht. Mi ngy i-c Ananda c phn s tip khch a vo ytkin c-Pht v sau khi khch ra v phi lo i gom-gt ct gim -vt ca khch b qun li, ng cng nh c-Pht khng bit mt-mi. i vi hai thy tr, ngh-thut cm ha chng-sanh vo ca chn-l ta h nh mt mn th-thao. Lc no c cht th gi rnh-rang, c-Pht cng i-c Ananda, khi th ng ti Tnh-X "Vn-xoi" ca ng Ng-y Jivaka ct dng cho c-Pht, di trin ni K-X-Qut, khi th ln tnh-dng trn ni Vediyaka (ni kn-kn), cng gi l ni Kicchakuta (K-X-Qut), cch Trc-Lm khng bao xa. Khng gp c-Pht ti Trc-Lm, thin-nam tn-n cng ln ni tm Ngi, trong thch-ng Indasl. Ni y, ban ngy c-Pht vn phi tip chuyn vi thp-phng b-tnh, ban m cn phi ging-o cho hng Ch-Thin v Cn-Tht-B na. 126- Cng c cc V-Tri xung th-gio vi c-Pht na sao? Chng sanh trong Tam-gii cn trong vng sanh-t lun-hi; c-Pht l bc siu-thot khi Tam-gii, nn Ngi l thy ca Ch-Thin v Nhn-loi.

Gp thi k c-Pht ra i, cc V Tri c chnh-kin, m khuya thanhvng thng xung hu Pht hi o, nn c nhiu V c Thnh-qu. Mt dm n, ti thch-dng Indasl, Vua Tri Sakka (-Thch) v ChThin trn ci o-Li c xung yt-kin c-Pht v yu cu Ngi giithch 42 diu hoi-nghi. Sau khi c ci-m hoi-nghi, Vua Tri Sakka c Tu--Hn o-Tu cng mt lt vi mt mun V tri trong m tytng ca Ngi. Nh c qu Tu--Hn o-Tu Vua Tri -Thch, va mn-kip, c ho-sanh tr li ngi v c. Tch ny rt di c li ch cho ngi tm chn-l, c trch-dch ra vit-vn, ta : Sakkapanha (Thch vn o), son-gi: Thng-Kham (B kinh Dighanikya : Trng AHm; phm Mahmagga). ---o0o--H. T Rajagaha tr li Savatthi 127- c-Pht Rajagaha bao lu v cn i u na? Lch-s t khi d cp n thi gian c-Pht c-ng mi ni l bao lu. T Rajagaha, Ngi tr li Savatthi. 128- Ti sao c-Pht ch qua li hai kinh-thnh Vng-X v X-V m khng i m-o ni khc? Rajagaha v Savatthi l hai trung-tm Pht-gio rt quan-trng. Vng-X min Nam, X-V thuc v min Ty-Bc, trong lu-vc phn -thnh ca sng Gng. T thnh ny qua thnh kia, d-nhin c-Pht phi i c thng v gh nhiu thnh nh nh Kusinara, Saketa ... cng nhiu lng-mc thnqu, ph- dn-chng; v khng xy ra vic chi ng k nn lch-s khng ghi-chp. V li mi ni y u c cc V Thnh-Tng lnh nhim-v Hong-php, lu lu c-Pht qua li cng nh i kinh-l. 129- c-Pht i i vi cc mn- ca Ngi ra sao? c-Pht lun lun n-cn lo-lng cho cc thy T-Khu. Mi ba vo x chiu Ngi hi cc thy li, ch dy ng li tu-hnh, du-dt mi ngi mnh tin trn ng gii-thot. i vi cc thy T-Khu kit-h phng xa, c-Pht hng c hai mi bn lng: lo cho h khng ha-thun vi nhau v khng uc no m, bi hai iu ny l ngun tai hi thng e-

da nhng ngi sng chung-ch, nhn-ri, li bm-nh ni n-na tn-th. Ra h, cc thy tm dn vn-an c-Pht; va gp cc thy, Ngi lng-xng ct hi: "Cc thy c an-vui khng? Cc thy no-d khng? Cc thy c ha-thun nhau khng? C gy-g nhau khng? C thiu-thn vt-thc khng? " T thy trch-v ln lao i vi hng mn-sinh, v phng-din vt-cht ln tinh-thn, c-Pht hng khuyn-khch tn- b-th cngdng n cc bc tu tr-gii-c, hng ly phc bu nhn-thin. 130- i vi cc thy T-Khu c bnh, c-Pht lm sao? Hng c-s khng cho c-Pht bn lo v vic y. Ti Vng-X, Vua Bimbisra giao nhim-v sn-sc c-Pht v Ch-Tng cho ng Jivaka, v ng-y i-ti ca hong-triu; ti X-V c ng Cp-C-c v B Visakh; ngoi ra cn nhiu tn- sn lng lo thuc men cho Ch-Tng. Cn c-Pht th t au-m. 131- Thy T-Khu i vi nhau trong lc bnh hon ra th no? Cc thy c phn-s kim thuc gim cho ngi c bnh v nu cn, h phi thay phin nhau chm nom canh gi ngy m cho n khi lnh mnh. Nhng i khi h cng qun phn-s ca h. Mt ba n ti Savatthi, cPht v i-c Ananda, ro bc trong vng Tnh-X Cp-C-c, Ngi gp mt v T-Khu Girimananda t nm trn phn v nc tiu, Ngi vi v bc n ng y v hi i-c Ananda i xch nc; ri hai thytr xm nhau tm ra sch-s, khing thy ln ging, thay y-phc, an-i v hi: "Thy au bnh chi? Khng ai sn-sc thy sao? Ti sao cc thy T-Khu khng chm-nom gip thy? " -"Bch c Th-Tn, con au c tng-ph, li thm kit-l. Chng c ngi bn no sn-sc con v con khng gip ch h". c-Pht lin triu-tp Tng-chng li qu-trch v dy rng: "Ny cc thy, ni y cc thy l ngi khng cha, khng m chm nom sn-sc cc thy, nu cc thy khng tr gip ln nhau, th ly ai nng-nh trong khi au-m? T nay v sau, thy no mun n-cn sn-sc Nh-Lai, xin tm n-cn sn-sc cc bn mnh trong cn bnh hon".

132- c-Pht c tm T-bi rng ln bao la, ti sao mn- ca Ngi li chng ging Ngi? Trong Tng-chng c hai hng: Thnh-Tng v Phm-Tng. Cc V ThnhTng mi c tm rng ln nh c-Pht. Cc Ngi c ph-thc trng trch Hong-php sanh, d-nhin hng Thinh-Vn La-Hn cng chm nom sn-sc mn- ca cc Ngi vi tm lng T-bi nh c-Pht. Tri li, trong nhm Phm-Tng c rt t ngi xut-gia vi ch-nguyn giithot, i a s l nhng ngi xut-thn t giai-cp thp-thi, cha ci b c tnh-nt xu-xa; h ch li-dng uy-danh v c- khoan-hng ca c-Pht, xin nhp-mn gi o, v hon-cnh c-c, ngho-kh, tm mang lt T-Khu lm k nui mng. Trong cc b ch-gii c nhiu tch ch cho thy rng xa kia c-Pht phi buc lng khin-trch cc thy TKhu thiu t-cch nh-nhn, thiu tit- lim-s, thiu nt-na trinh-khit. Ngi ht sc ngn-cm khng cho h nu gng xu, khng cho h xcphm n phong-tc tp-qun, n tn-ngng c-truyn ca tng lp dnchng. Mi khi, v hnh ng xu-xa ca cc thy T-Khu, m c s chbai, ch-trch ca ngi th-tc, c-Pht nhm hp Ch-Tng nghe Ngi x-pht cc thy lm mt thanh-danh Tng-gi v lin lc y Ngi ch-nh iu-lut rn cm. 133- Phi chng ti gii-lut nghim khc m t ngi theo ni? Ngoi i c php-lut duy-tr an-ninh trt-t cng bo-tn thun-phong m tc, th trong o cng phi c gii-lut dit-tr tham sn tt- tmng m-tn; nh th khng th gi l nghim khc. Khng ai bt buc phi tu, nu mun tu, chng nhng phi nghim-tr gii-lut trong o, m cng phi tha-hnh lut-php ngoi i. 134- C khi no xy ra nhng cuc xung t gia cc thy T-Khu chng? S xung-t khng th trnh c trong mt on-th bnh-ng ng ngi trnh- khc nhau. Ngoi cc V Thnh-Tng dit tn Tham, Sn, Si v cc V Phm Tng chn-chnh ng nng-trang tu-hc, cn li nhng thy T-Khu cha ty sch c bn-trn; hoi-nghi, bing-nhc, sn-hn, bung-lung theo iu-c, dnh-mc trong tnh-dc, xan-tham, nguyn-cu, ganh-g, khng hoan-h, khng tri-tc l hng ngi cn mang nhng chng bnh trm-kha, du h c hc thc, nm lng kinh-php ca cPht ging-gii hng ngy, h cng chng khc no nh ci v nm trong

ni canh. Chn-l i vi h khng c gi tr bng li dng uy-danh ca c-Pht v oai-lc ca b C-sa d lm k sinh-nhai cp-thi. Nhng s gy-g, ci-v l thng-s. c-Pht hng lo s h nui mm chia r, lu-truyn gng xu cho hu-th, m lm cho Pht-Php phi suyi. Bit rng on-kt l sng, chia-r l cht, nn c-Pht khp ti chiar vo bn Ng-nghch i-ti: - Git cha - Git m - Hm-hi Pht - Chia-r Tng-chng. Ti ny s em li kt-qu thm-khc trong i hin ti. ---o0o--I. T Savatthi sang qua Kosambi 135- C khi no cc thy T-Khu t thi- v-l vi c-Pht chng? Lc n c-Pht cng Ch-Tng ng n Kosambi, kinh- ca Vua Udayana, thuc dng Vatsas, v hng Ty x Magadha v hng Nam x Kosala. c Th-Tn v Ch-Tng nhp-h ti Tnh-X Ghosita. Trong h c mt v T-Khu, mt hm n vo phng tm-ra xong, v-tnh qun dn qut v cng qun xch nc chm thm vo lu. K mt v khc, cng bc thng-ta nh ng trc, vo tm. C l v thiu nc nn ng ny btbnh; thay v i ngay li nhc-nh ngi bn ca mnh, ng em cu chuyn y thut vi nhm hc tr ca ng v bo rng ng kia phm iu-lut rn cm ca c-Pht. m hc tr ny, c-nghit, em cu chuyn thut li cho nhm - ca ng kia nghe vi ging nho-bng, khoe rng thy mnh l mt v -nht lut-s. Cu chuyn rt xong, tr thnh quan-trng. V binh thy-t, bn no cng ginh phn phi, sanh ra gy-g, la-li, ci-v om-sm, cho n thu tai c-Pht. Ngi vi-vng n ni, va i va ni: "Thi ri, Tng-chng chia r". Xy qua nhm ca V Lut-s, c-Pht khuyn: "Cc thy nn hoan-h tha-th cho nhau i". Dm qua pha i-lp, Ngi dy: "Cc thy nn thnh tht sm-hi vi nhau i". Ri c-Pht phn-gii cho i bn thy r c tnh cao-th?ng ca bc tu-hnh l khoant v d-dy; nhng chng ai m-xa n Ngi. c-Pht nhn-ni thut li cho h nghe mt tin-tch rt cm-ng, ch r nhng tai-hi v s kt-

cu oan-tri, m chng-sanh phi vay tr nhiu i nhiu kip, do s khng tha-th cho nhau, v khuyn h biu-dng tinh-thn khoan-dung ha-thun lm gung cho tn-. Li vng, ting ngc ca bc Ch-tn khng cn hiu-lc thc tnh cc ng T-Khu ng qun mnh v t-i v danh-d ca phe-ng. Chng nhng khng bit phc-thin, h cn cng-bin vi c-Pht bng nhng li ma-mai v-l: "Bch c Th-Tn, bi c ThTn l bc Gio-ch, nn Ngi cn phi nhn-ni. Vy xin Ngi chng nn bn lng, c tnh-ta an-hng hnh-phc; chng ti gy-g, ci-v, xungt, xin chng ti chu ly trch-nhim". Nghe qua my li, c-Pht t ngh: "K ngu-ngc ny lm vo tnh cnh tuyt-vng, ht cn bit phi quy!". Ri Ngi m bt vo rng, sng vi mt con kh t v mt con voi cha-on. Voi v kh cng v s quy-ry ca by d th, chn-nn tm ni thanh-vng tnh-c an-nhn. ng mt cnh-ng c-c, nh V cha-on ca loi ngi, voi v kh ht lng sn-sc nui-dng c-Pht, hng ly s mt-m an-vui bn cnh Ngi. Hay tin cc thy T-Khu xung-t chia r nhau v mt nhn nh mn, khng vng li khuyn-nh li cn v-l vi c-Pht, tn- Kosambi hp li quyt-nh khng b-th vt-thc cho cc thy y na. Bin-php cngquyt ny lm cho cc thy khng cn sc lc tranh-chp nhau na. Cc thy phi xung nc ku gi tn-: "Chng ti n-nn v ha-thun nhau ri; cc ng, cc b nn hoan-h h- chng ti cho qua ba thng h ny. Chng ti i kht cn da bc xng, cc ng cc b nh b chng ti cht i hay sao?". Thy vy, thin tn khng n lm l, tr li h- cmchng v ra iu kin: "Cc thy phi tm cho c c-Pht, sm-hi tili v thnh Ngi tr li, th chng ti s cung-cp y- vt-thc nh xa". Tng th, cc thy yu-cu i-c Ananda i tm thnh gim c-Pht tr v cho h sm-hi. i-c Ananda ni rng Ngi khng dm lnh smng y; hn na Ngi khng c php b h ra i, ch mn h s hay. Cc thy phi cam chu mi s thiu-thn; xanh-xao, m-gy, trng cho mau ht ma h ng i tm c-Pht. Ting n n thnh Savatthi, ng Anathapindika (Cp-C-c) v B Visakh nng lng lo s cho c-Pht phi sng kh-cc trong rng. Va ra h, ng Cp-C-c v B Visakh thnh Ch-Tng nhp h ti K-Vin cp tc ln ng sang qua thnh Kosambi, hip cng i-c Ananda tm thnh c-Pht v Savatthi. Mt phi-on 500 v T-Khu n Kosambi i cng i-c Ananda tm gp c-Pht gia rng. Hi li th trong h, c-Pht nh con voi cha-on v mt con kh cung-cp loi tri cy v mt ong, nn Ngi vn khe mnh. i-c Ananda chuyn li thnh cu

ca ng Cp-C-c v B Visakh ln c-Pht. Khi c-Pht ra i, voi cha-on v con kh t v bun ru, ng ra cng ng, ra du yu cu c-Pht li. c-Pht vut-ve an-i chng n an-phn rng v Ngi cng khng th em chng n theo Ngi t x ny sang x n. Ra ti m rng, c-Pht an-i chng n mt ln na, bo rng v mang lt th, chng n khng th sng chung-ch vi loi ngi, khuyn chng n tr li. Hai con th buc lng t bit c-Pht v ht sc au-kh v cnh chia-la nn ng ra cht rc gia rng. Hai th-k sau, Hong- Asoka (A-Dc) n chim bi ch c-Pht chung sng vi voi v kh v c cho xy mt tr k-nim, trn y c khc chiu-ch nghim-cm s chia-r trong Tng-gi. ---o0o--J. T Kosambi tr li Savatthi 136- Ra khi rng, c-Pht v Ch-Tng c tr li Kosambi khng? c-Pht v on ty-tng trc-ch v Savatthi v c li thnh cu ca ng Cp-C-c v B Visakh. 137- Cc thy T-Khu Kosambi tnh sao? Hay tin c-Pht ng v Savatthi, cc thy lin ln ng n , xin sm-hi ti-li. Nghe vy, c Vua Pasenadi (Ba-T-Nc) vo K-Vin Tnh-X yt-kin c-Pht v bch rng: "Bch c Th-Tn, trm nht-nh cm cc thy T-Khu phm ti chia r v v-l vi c Th-Tn ti Kosambi, chn vo lnh-th Kosala ca trm, xin c Th-Tn bit cho". c-Pht can-gin: "Tu i-Vng, cc thy y bit li, n-nn, i-Vng nn rng lng cho h n y sm-hi vi Nh-Lai. Nghe li T-bi khoan-hng ca c-Pht, Vua Pasenadi cm-ng, vng li. 138- Thi- ca tn- Savatthi i vi cc thy y ra sao?

Khi cc thy n trc cng K-Vin Tnh-X, ngi gt cng, kho cng khng cho vo v c lnh ca ng Cp-C-c. c-Pht hay tin cho mi ng Cp-C-c n khuyn ln: "Ny ng Trng-gi, cc thy T-Khu x Kosambi l-lm gy ra ti-li, nay h n-nn ci-ha, ng cng nn hoan-h cho h vo gp Nh-Lai, h sm-hi". Khng dm ci li c-Pht, Trng-gi Cp-C-c buc lng cho h vo; nhng khi cc thy T-Khu Kosambi va n thm ca, thin-nam tn-n gi-v r ln hi: "Bch c Th-Tn, nhng thy T-Khu no ngoan-ngnh, v-l vi c Th-Tn v ch-trng s chia r Tngchng ti Kosambi, xin c Th-Tn hoan-h gii-thiu cho chng con bit vi". c-Pht tr tay ch ra ca: ", cc thy ng bc vo ". Cc thy ti-nhc, khng dm ngc mt ln, ru ru vo ly di chn cPht, t li thit-tha xin n-x ti-li. c-Pht vui-v tha-th v li phv: "Cc thy, t nay phi c-gng trau-gii hnh-kim, trc t ra xngng vi lng sng-m ca hng thin-nam tn-n, sau chuyn lo tu-hc, mnh tin trn ng gic-ng". Tn- xm-x: "H bo-hi cho c Cha-lnh ca chng mnh phi lin-i chu mi s thiu-thn trong h ny; chng thy Ngi li qu-trch, li cn nh-nh an-i. Cao c thay lng T-bi V-lng ca Bc Ch-Tn". 139- c-Pht cn ti-tin m c nhng thy T-Khu qu-qut nh vy; nh u m Pht-Php cn tn-ti ti ngy nay? Sau khi c-Pht nhp Nit-bn, Pht-Php cn tn-ti ti nay, trc nh nh-hng ca cc V Tnh-Tng, n-dt ni rng ni, duy-tr o qu TThnh v cc V Chn-tu ni cha-chin, sau nh s sng-sut v tm nhitthnh ca cc nh lnh-o, k nh s tn- chnh-kin. Ni no khng c hai hng tn- h-php nh c Vua Pasenadi, nh ng Trng-gi Anathapindika, nh B tn-n Visakh, k-tip nh hng thin-tnh cha Kosambi v cha Jetavana, th ni y khng cn Thnh-Tng v cng khng cn Chnh-Php. Khi con ngi xung dc ti-li ri, tm ca h ht rung-ng trc li thc tnh chn-chnh ca c-Pht. i vi h phi dng bin php cng-

rn nh cc v thin-nam tn-n Kosambi v Savatthi, mi c th em h tr li l phi. Bi hc Kosambi cho thy rng, du trong thi k c-Pht cn ti th, hoc trong nhng th-h hu-lai, nhng ngi gnh vai-tr quan-trng trong s duy-tr Chnh-Php, l hng Tn- chn-chnh, dm hy-sinh v bt-chp d-lun t-vy, cng-quyt thc-hnh ng theo l phi. 140- Hnh-ng cng-rn qu i vi cc thy T-Khu, s e mang ti chng? Hnh-ng theo l phi, nh thc k m-lm, tr v vi Chnh-Php, sao gi l cng-rn, l ti-li? Cng-quyt b i v lm cho h-thn cc phn-t ng-nghch, khng klut, khng hnh-kim, c-tm gy mm chia r, cc ng thin-nam x Kosambi v Savatthi gip mt cch c-lc c-Pht cu vt h khi vng a-lc; y l thi-n cho h, l bo tn Pht-Php. y l mt bi hc ng ghi nh cho ton th Pht-Gio . Ngy nay, nhng tn- no cng-quyt bi tr hnh-ng xu-xa ca cc thy T-Khu, u b cc thy khp vo ti: khi Tng, dt Qui, ph o. Bi-tr tt-xu nng-cao gi-tr Tng-gi l c ti, ngi Pht-t ngh sao, trc nhng li hm-da ngng-nghnh y? Khng l v s ti m phi xm nhau cung-cp mi nhu cu cho cc thy T-Khu gi-di, ngythin, ch-k, khng king-n gii-lut, khng gh-s ti-li; gip phng-tin cho ngi bt-chnh t do thao-tng, lp phe chia ng, tranh dnh a-v, nui mng lp-gio? So-snh li hai cch hnh-ng k trn, ri mi thy r ai l k mang ti: khi Tng, dt Qui, ph o. ---o0o--K. T Savatthi sang qua Rajagaha 141- Savatthi lu ngy, c-Pht tnh i u? c-Pht tr li Rajagaha, v c tin bt-tng thu n tai Ngi.

142- Tin chi m gi l bt-tng? Ti Rajagaha, l ni c-Pht lp nn-tng vng-chc cho o ca Ngi, nh Vua Bimbisara ht lng ng-h. Nhng lu ngy phi c s thay i; v mt tin-nghip c-nghit ca chng-sanh, m c-Pht phi cam-chu mt ngi h-php nhit-thnh; Vua Tn-B-Sa b Hong-t Ajtasatta (AX-Th) ot-ngi, h-ngc v b i n cht. Ti git cha lm cho Hongt tr thnh k th-ch vi c-Pht. Ngi bnh-cn cho Hong-t A-XTh git Vua cha l mt thy T-Khu trong Gio-Hi. K c-c ny c mn tay Hong-t A-X-Th th-tiu Vua Tn-B-Sa, mu-toan cp Ngi Gio-ch ca c-Pht. Khi tc-v -vng ri, vua A-X-Th dng uy-quyn ng-h thy n thi-hnh th-on d-man ca thy. Trong triu-nh, ai l-v tin-tng c-Pht u b t hnh. ng Ng-y Jivaka nhit-thnh sng-m c-Pht, cng phi m lng nn chu. ng T-bi V-lng, tng nm mi cay-ng trn ng thc-hin cc php Ba-La-Mt v bit rng n oan-tri ca chng-sanh phi vay-tr l thng, nn Ngi thn-nhin n rc nghch-cnh. Thy T-Khu c-c ng ngm-ngm hm-hi c-Pht, chnh l thy Devadatta (-B-t-a), anh rut ca Cng-cha Yasodhara (Da-Du-La). Thy quen tnh kiu-cng, mc-h v-nhn, y tham vng, nng-mang chng-bnh trm-kha rt ph-thng v nguy-him, l bnh i-dc, mc du thy c T-Thin v cc php thn-thng. Thy ch thua c-Pht vi ba tng tt; v giai-cp x-hi, thy cng ngang hng vi c-Pht; thy cng c tn- tn-knh. V thy xin c-Pht cho thy thay th chng-qun Gio-Hi Tnggi. c-Pht khng th lm va lng thy. Ngi khng tnh ph-thc trng-trch y cho hai v i -t xng-ng l i-c Sariputa (X-LiPht) v Moggalna (Mc-kin-Lin), th l no Ngi li khng giao quyn bnh-cn Ch-Tng cho mt ngi m Ngi d bit c tnh -tin tt- nh -B-t-a. Khng c toi-nguyn, thy Devadatta tm chin-lc khc. Trong Tnggi c nhiu thy T-Khu cn tin-tng ni hiu-lc ca li tu kh-hnh. Thy Devadatta thu hiu tm-l y thng khen tng cch tu-hnh ca phi Lc-S v ch-trch thuyt trung-o ca c-Pht. Nh ti gi-di ngythin, thy Devadatta chinh-phc c mt s ngi v lp ra mt nhm gi l nhm "Thanh-nghim tu-s".

Ngy n, gia i-hi, thy Devadatta, nhn-danh nhm Thanh-nghim tus, ng ra yu cu c-Pht ti-lp th-tc kh-hnh c-truyn, bt-buc cc thy T-Khu, t nay v sau phi: n-dt ni thanh-vng, i xin n mi ngy, mc y bng gi-rch chm-v, ni khng che-lp v king-c tht c. L ngi yu-chung t-do ch-ngha, c-Pht nht quyt cho cc thy T-Khu ty thch p-dng cng khng nm qui-tc ca thy Devadatta ngh. Thy Devadatta cng cha chu thua. Nh mt - y tham-vng li c tnh sm-bng, tn Koklika, gip sc, li-dng s t-khc ca c-Pht, khoe-khoang vi mi ngi rng thy Devadatta l ngi chnh-tc nghimtrang; nh thy d-d c 500 ngi t Vesali mi n, va c cPht cho php xut-gia. Hay tin cc v T-Khu ny cun gi theo thy Devadatta. c-Pht phi hai V i -t X-Li-Pht v Mc-Kin-Lin n thuyt-phc h. Nhn r mnh l by chin i lc, h ko nhau tr v vi c-Pht. Devadatta cng tc-gin thm, nht nh phi h-st cho c c-Pht. Thy lin vo k-l cng-n vi Vua A-X-Th v xin gip th-lc cho thy chim ot ngi-v ca c-Pht. c s ng-h ca nh vua, thy Devadatta t chc lin-tip ba cuc mu-st c-Pht. u tin thy mun bn cn- thch-khch c-Pht. Nhng khi bn y n ni b c-Pht bt gp v em li o-c thc-tnh; chng n lin b gm-ao mp ly, xin xut-gia theo Pht. K thy Devadatta chc n c-Pht trn ng ln ni K-X-Qut, xo mt tng to ln, t trn cht ni ln xung cho nt thy. Rt may, ch c mt mnh nh va-chm nhm bn chn c-Pht, lm cho rm mu. n lt th ba, thy Devadatta cho th voi Nalagiri, l mt con vt hung d -nht ca Vua A-X-Th, n ch-p c-Pht, gia lc Ngi i tr-bnh trong thnh Vng-X (Rajagaha). Voi ny c phc ru cho hng thm, va gp c-Pht n ngng-vi, vnh-tai, cong-ui, xc ti. Mi ngi kinh-hi chy trn, ku ro c-Pht, bo Ngi mau mau tm lnh trong mt nh k-cn. c-Pht thn-nhin i ti v ri tm T-bi cho voi. Con vt hung-c ny lin tnh tr, mp qu di chn c-Pht, chu cho Ngi vut tay ln trn, nh rc ly php qui-y t-, ri t tr nn hin-lnh; v sau c cu phng-ngn:

Ngi ta ch-ng loi voi, Bng cy, bng mc, bng xing; Tay khng kh-gii, thn-nhin, c-Pht ch ly c hin thng voi. Lc y ch c c-Pht thu r mu-su k-c ca thy Devadatta. Ngi khng ni ra v Ngi cng bit k th ca Ngi cha chu dng bc trn ng ti-li. Ngi thng hi Devadatta, nhng chng bit lm sao cu-ri thy, v tham-vng m thy qu i si-m cung-nhit. 143- Ti sao c-Pht cm-ho c bn cn- n thch-khch Ngi v voi Nalagiri, m Ngi khng c thy Devadatta, l v thy tu c t-thin v cc php thn-thng? Trng-hp ca bn cn- v voi Nalagiri khc vi cnh-ng ca thy Devadatta. Bn cn- khng c c-tm git c-Pht, h ch v tin bc thi. Voi Nalagiri c th-tnh hung-d, gp ai git ny, khng phi c-tm th-on c-Pht. Thy Devadatta tham-lam v-, c- th-tiu c-Pht, ot ngi gio-ch, nh Hong-t A-x-Th cng v ngi vua m n lng git cha. c tm ca thy Devadatta, ca Vua A-X-Th, lm cho h si-m, khng phn bit phi quy, khng gh-s ti-li, nn nhng li o c khng c nng-lc cm-ha h c. Thy Devadatta, mc du nh c-Pht ch dy ng li tu-hnh, c c t-thin v cc php thn-thng; nhng cn nng mang bm-tnh su-c, thy khng chng Tu-Gic dit tn Tham, Sn, Si, cng cc c php trm-nch n-khut trong tim-thc. Khi c-tm ca thy pht khi, th thin-nh ca thy t mt, cc php thn-thng cng tiu-ma. khng t-tnh n-nn, li cn mun snh vi c-Pht, mun lm thy cc bc phm-Tng v Thnh-Tng. Bn trong c bn t-s ca-tng kch-thch, bn ngoi c nhm m-tn sng-bi cng-dng, nn cng ngy thy cng i su vo ng ti-li. Sn tnh t-c ng-mn, thy Devadatta thy s tu-hnh c pht-trin tt p, cng hnh-din t-cao, lm tng rng khng ai bng mnh; chng d tm xu-xa y l nhn che-lp con ng Nit-bn v cng l nhn thiuhy nhng kt-qu ca thy gieo-trng. Khng tm tr li c nhng

php-lnh trong thin-nh, cc php thn-thng cng khng cn linhnghim, thy Devadatta tr thnh ngi tht-vng cung-si. Cng tht bi trong mu-m chia r Tng-chng v hm-hi c-Pht, tm ca thy cng c-c thm ln. Do , c tc-truyn rng thy Devadatta c kt oan-tri vi c-Pht t khi cn lm v B-Tt trong V-lng tin-kip v trong cc kip lun-hi, mi oan-tri y cng tng-bi thm mi, v mi khi thy Devadatta ra tay ra th, th B-tt sn c phc bu Ba-La-Mt che ch c bnh-yn v-s. V m thy Devadatta cm-hn, nht nguyn phi tr-th cho c mi thi. c- su-c y a y hai bn gp nhau trong mi kip. n kip cui-cng, mi th ca thy Devadatta biu-l t thu thiu-nin, trong nhng lc chi a trng-gin, n nhng bui tp-luyn v-ngh vi Hong-T S-t-Ta. Mt ng th khoan-dung h-x, ng khc tiu-mn c-chp, cng thn-trng nhau, mi th cng thm nguy-him. ---o0o--L. T Rajagaha c-Pht tr li Savatthi 144- Thy Devadatta cn tnh hi c-Pht bng cch no na? Tht bi trong ba cuc mu-st c-Pht, thy Devadatta cn tm k-hoch khc. Lc y c-Pht ln ng tr qua Savatthi (X-V), c-ng ti TnhX ca ng Cp-C-c. Mu-k sp t xong, thy Devadatta v thy Loklika theo qua X-V, gib n-nn, i tm c-Pht sm-hi, ch lc vo mp ly, vi mng tay tm thuc c, s quo cho rch chn c-Pht. Mu-chc su c ca k tiu-nhn, mun tiu-dit mt bc Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic khng d g thnh-tu c. Hay tin thy Devadatta hi u hng-thin, n xin yt-kin c-Pht sm-hi ti-li, ai ai cng hoan-h, mong t nay trong ni-b Tng-gi s c yn-vui ha-thun. Chng d mt chp sau c tin bo-co rng hai thy-tr ca thy Devadata va b t sp chn thy di vc thm. Nghiplc nng-n n lc pht-hin, li-ko k him-c i n ti trong mun i.

Tri qua 25 th-k, di sc tn ph ca thi-gian, cha K-Vin ca ng Cp-C-c hin nay ch cn cht t nn gch lm di-tch, tri li ci hsu vi thn thy tr Devadatta di tro-bi vn cn nguyn vn; dng nh to-vt mun cho thp-phng du-khch, trong cc th-h v sau, em ci bn-n v ba ci trng-ti ca thy Devadatta (xi Thi-t A-X-Th git cha ot ngi, chia r Tng-chng, hm-hi c-Pht) nu ln sch v, hu cnh-tnh cc thy T-Khu trong bn phng v-tr, chng nn nui mng lp-gio, lm t-s thng-tr Tng- v tn-. 145- Hnh-ng xu-xa ca thy Devadatta c gy nh-hng chi trong Pht-gio chng? ?nh hng ca thy Devadatta c nhiu ni hp-th v lu-truyn, cho nn khi thy Php-Hin (th-k th by) sang n- cn gp trong hai min thng v h-lu sng Gng nhiu nhm trung-thnh vi ch-ngha thanhnghim ca thy Devadatta v b Pht Thch-Ca, th Pht qu-kh. Do khi nguyn th phng tri l v ch-ngha thanh-nghim y m ny sanh ra nhiu loi kinh-sch khng thch-hp vi tn-ch ca c-Pht Thch-Ca. 146- c-Pht l bc Tu-Gic Vin-Minh, c sao Ngi cho bn hung-c vo hng-ng Tng-gi lm chi cho chng m-mu phn-bi v cng khng thy Ngi dng bin-php no ngn nga? c-Pht, thu-r qu-kh hin-ti v-lai, thng-sut ba-gii bn-loi, bit trc s c nhiu chng-ngi trong s hong-dng o-gio ca Ngi, do oan-tri ca chng-sanh to ra nhng nghip-lc khng th trnh c. Bi th, trc khi ri khi rng Uruvela, Ngi xem xt mi khuynh-hng tn-ngng ca dn-chng, cn phn li-hi v lp mt chng-trnh chudu khai-o. Ca chn-l rng m cho ngi hu-duyn, nhng chng v m khng n tip k bc-phc. Du v-duyn xu-phc m bit phn-bit chnh-t, gh-s ti-li, cng c th tin n ni gic-ng. c-Pht thng tuyn-b rng Ngi ch l ngi hng-o dn ng, khng c quyn-nng sa i lut nhn-qu cu-vt nhng k gy nhn to-nghip, du cho k y l mn-sinh hay thn-nhn quyn-thuc ca Ngi. Nhng bin-php ngn-nga cc thy T-Khu h-hng l nhng iu rn-cm trong Gii-bn, nhng ch c mt s t ngi tu-hnh chn-chnh tun-theo.

147- Ngi ta thng ni xut-gia gieo duyn Nit-Bn l ngha sao? y l ni v nhng bc xut-gia c ch-nguyn gii-thot. Trn i nghim-tr gii-lut, tinh-tn tu-hnh, nu kip ny cha c o-qu tThnh, cng l mt on ng tin ln n mc-dch cu-cnh. Nh nn tng sn to y, trong cc kip v-lai mi nh c m tip-tc xy-dng thm mi mi, cho n khi o-y qu-, gp Pht khai-sng, chng-ng chn-l. Nh th gi l gieo-duyn Nit-Bn. Nhng ni th d, m lm tht rt kh. Bi ni d, nn c nhiu ngi xut-gia. Bi lm kh, nn khng c ngi c-o. C k li lm hiu rng min l xut-gia c y-bt c sc-tng T-Khu, l gieo-duyn Nit-Bn. Xut-gia cho c ci dng b-ngoi l mt vic m ai ai cng lm c; nhng ch-nguyn gii-thot, tu-hnh chn-chnh, l mt iu rt caothng m hng thc-gi khng dm liu-lnh nghe theo nhng li r-ren ngt-ngo, khi h cha lm-ch c tm h, nht l khi h cha gp c bc gii-c lm ni nng-nh. Co-u mc o c-sa, lm thy TKhu, n khng ngi ri, hng ca thp-phng b-tnh, m khng cgng tu-hnh cho xng-ng vi s cng-dng ca th-ch, tm cn quynluyn theo trn-tc, tham-danh trc-li, mun c -t cho nhiu, mun gydng cha-chin cho -s, nu chng phi vi mc-ch li-dng PhtPhp khuch-trng s-nghip, th cng khng ng vi ng li giithot. Nh th khng phi l gieo duyn Nit-Bn, m chnh l m no i n ni a-lc. 148- Cn nhng ngi no gieo-duyn Nit-Bn, c c-Pht t nh Angulimla chng? Trn 45 nm chu-du hong-php, c-Pht t- ton nhng ngi c gieo-duyn Nit-Bn t nhiu. Nhng ngi y thng gi l ngi huduyn c t-. Trong h th 16, nhm lc c-Pht ng ti Tnh-X Cp-C-c (Savitthi), c ch ni ti x Lichavi. Ngi soi thin-nhn bit ni x Alav (khng bit thuc v hng no) mt a tr con sp b mt con D-xoa (Chng-tinh) n-tht. a tr y l Hong-t Alavi c duyn c qu A-naHm; con D-xoa tn Alavaka, li cng c duyn c qu T--Hm. Nu c-Pht khng thn-hnh n t- kp thi, th hai chng-sanh y mt c-

hi gii-thot v cng nh duyn lnh ca h sn c, nn ng thi-gi, nhn-duyn a y h gp c-Pht. S l 12 nm v trc, Vua x Alav, trong mt cuc sn-bn, v m rt tht, lc vo rng su, b D-xoa Alavaka bt, tnh n th?t. c vua yu cu xin tha v ha mi ngy sai qun-lnh dn n np cho mt ngi v mt mm cm, chuc mng. D-xoa bng lng cho v, Vua trng li ha, ban u bt t t-hnh em np, ln ln ti trng ti, nh ti. Ting n khng cn ai dm phm ti, khm-ng b trng. Vua ra lnh bt nhng ngi gi c, k n con nt nh. Dn chng s hi, b con trn ra khi x; ch cn Hong-t Alav l tr con; vua phi nh chu cho qun lnh dn con em np cho D-xoa. Trc khi Hong-t Alav b a ti ch cht, c-Pht thn hnh n tn ni lu-i ca D-xoa. Tha lc D-xoa vng mt, c-Pht vo thng bn trong, ngi ch gia nh. D-xoa tr v gp mt ng Sa-mn liu-lnh n np tht, li cn c gan chim ch ngi ca mnh, lin ha php bt cPht; nhng c-Pht vn ngi bnh yn. D-xoa tc-gin em ht php-tt ra chin-u vi c-Pht; no l binh-ma tng-qu, ma-, ma-tro, ma-la, c-Pht thn-nhin ngi xem, chng mt php no va-chm n Ngi. Ht php ri, D-xoa ngh rng ng Sa-Mn ny t c tu php nhnnhc cao-siu, nn kh b thng ni. D-xoa nh th-nghim php nhnnhc ca c-Pht, nn ku bo rng: "Sa-Mn kia, ngi phi i ra khi ch ny". c-Pht ng dy i ra. D-xoa ku: "Sa-Mn kia, ngi hy tr v". c-Pht tr v. Ra v ba lt, n lt th t, c-Pht nht-nh khng ra v bo D-xoa: "Ngi cn php no em ra th na i; nu NhLai thua. Nh-Lai mi i ra". V phng thng c-Pht, D-xoa em lng cm-phc, dng li nh-nh, em nhng cu phng-ngn ca ng-cha truyn li, nh c-Pht tr li, nhng xem Tr-Tu ca Ngi: "Ny ng Sa-Mn, nu ng tr li ng l nhng cu hi ca ti, ti s cm-phc ng: 1. Ci chi l ca qu-bu nht trn th-gian? 2. Ci chi em li s an-vui hn ht? 3. Ci chi c mi v ngon lnh hn ht? 4. Sng cch no mi gi l sng cao-thng hn ht?" c-Pht p:

1. c-tin l ca qu-bu nht trong i 2. Thin-php em li an-vui hn ht 3. Li ni chn tht c mi v ngon hn ht 4. Sng bng Tr-Tu l sng cao-thng hn ht". D-xoa tha-mn, yu-cu c-Pht ging-o cho nghe; ri xin qui-y thgii. Sng ngy, qun-lnh em Hong-t Alav np cho D-xoa. V qui-y thgii nguyn lm ti c-Pht, D-xoa khng cn n tht ngi na; nn bng Hong-t trao cho c-Pht, yu cu Ngi giao tr li cho c Vua. T , Hong-t c ci bit hiu l Hattaka-Alavaka, ngha l ngi c D-xoa Alavaka m trn tay, trao tr li cho c-Pht. D-xoa bt u tu-hnh theo Chnh-Php, chng bao lu c-qu Tu-Hm. Hong-t ln ln xut-gia u-Pht, tu c A-Na-Hm o qu. -ooOooM. c-Pht ng n Vesali
149- c-Pht cn ng n x no khc chng? Mt on lch-s ni v cuc chu-du ca c-Pht ti x Licchavi, nhng khng ghi r vo thi k no. XLicchavi vo hng Bc x Magadha, thuc quyn cai-tr ca nhiu v Tiu-vng; kinh- l thnh Vesali (T-a-ly), nm trn t-ngn sng Gng (bn hu-ngn l thnh Pataliputta, kinh- mi ca x Magadha), rt giu-c thnh-mu. Ni y hin-gi cn nhiu di-tch ca c-Pht, nht l thch-tr ca vua A-Dc. Tc truyn rng trong kip cht, tin-thn ca c-Pht sanh-trng ti Vesali v B-tt c th-gio vi thy o-s Ard Klma. Kip ny, sau khi thnh Pht, Ngi c thnh n Vesali ty-tr mt bnh dch-kh git hi rt nhiu dn chng. Thu y, cng nh hin gi khp thn-qu, n-binh tqui l vi-trng ca bnh dch. Khi c-Pht c thnh n Vesali, Ngi sai i-c Ananda ti trc, trn ba canh, i ba vng thnh, tng n-c ca Pht-Php Tng, cho Ch-Thin v dn chng pht-tm trong sch, hng v Ba Ngi qu-bu, ci-c tng-thin, em lng T-bi thng xt ln nhau. Nh oai-lc Tam-Bo v lng t-thin pht-sanh trong tng lp dn-chng m thnh Vesali tr li bnh-an v phn-thnh nh xa.

 t lng sng-knh c-Pht, cc v Tiu-vng x Licchavi dng cho Ngi mt vung rng, nm v hng Bc thnh Vesali. Chnh ni y B kmu Gotami ca c-Pht n yu-cu nhiu lt xin cho hng ph-n xutgia lm T-Khu-ni. Cng ti Vesali, B ?c o-Qu A-La-Hn v Nit-Bn. Theo lch-s, c-Pht n ving Vesali hai lt. Thu y, ti thnh ny c nng k-n tn Ambapl, p-, yu-kiu, mu da tuyt-m, c thin-ti v ca-xng nhc-v, khin cho hng Vng-tn Cng-t t phng n tm mua vui vi nng. Chnh nh nng m thnh Vesali cng ngy tr nn ho-hoa lng-ly. Cc v Tiu-vng Licchavi tng mo oai-phong lm-lit n-mc rt sang trong; bn ty-tng cng vn sc-phc lng-ly. Mi khi cc V Tiu-vng Vesali n yt-kin c-Pht, t xa thy h n, Ngi thng ni vi cc v T-Khu:" Thy no cha tng thy 33 V Tri cung o-Li, nn dm cc v Tiu-vng kia ka". Cc V Tiu-vng ny v nng Ambapl thng tranh nhau thnh c-Pht v nh th thc. Ngy n, nng Ambapl n thnh c-Pht, trn ng v gp xe-gi cc v Tiuvng , nng khoe rng:" Tu cng Ch i-Vng, thip rt hn-hnh c c Th-Tn v Ch-Tng nhm li ngy mai n th trai-tng ti t-x". Cc V Tiu-vng cng tnh vo Tnh-X thnh c-Pht, nghe vy mi -ngh rng: -"Ny c Ambapl, c nhng bui trai-tng y cho chng ti i; chng ti s chu cho c 1.000 ng". Nng Ambapl p li: -"Xin Qu Ngi tha-th cho, du Qu Ngi cho trn c thnh Vesali, thip cng khng th hi ba trai-tng y nhng li cho Qu ngi". Cc v Tiu-vng tht-vng, bng-tay ni: -"Qu tht chng ta b thua mt ngi n-b yu-nhc". Sau bui trai-tng ny, nng Ambapl dng cho c-Pht mt vn xoi, trong y c ct mt vng-thp tt p, nm v hng ng-Bc thnh Vesali.

---o0o--N. c-Pht sang qua thnh Rajagaha

150- T Vesali c-Pht cn i u na? Qua ma thu, c-Pht tr li Rajagaha, c ng ni vn xoi ca ng Jvaka (Ng-y ca vua Bimbisara), di chn ni K-x-Qut. Tnh hnh x Magadha lc by gi thay i, khng cn nh-hng xu-xa ca thyDevadatta. Vua Ajtasattu (A-x-Th) b lng tm cn rt v ti git cha cp ngi, rt hi-hn v lo s ngy sau con mnh l Hongt Udayibhadda ln ln s git tr li mnh. Mt m n, di nh trng thu, vua A-x-Th ng cng cc quan trn nc lu bng thng-nguyt; cm thy trong lng nao nao bun thm, th ra v nh i tm mt v B-La-Mn cng v Sa-Mn no t-by tm-s, cu xin ch dy mt ng li no cho ci lng c th-thi an-tnh. Cc v i-thn -ngh i ving su o-s, gio-ch ca phi Lc-s; nhng vua A-X-Th d bit trnh- ca h nn khng nhn li. Ring ng Jvaka, l v cu-thn, ngi lm thinh; ch Vua phn hi, ng lin khuyn Vua nn i ytkin c-Pht, ng-ng ti vn xoi ca ng vi 1.200 v T-Khu: "Tu i-Vng, nu i-Vng gp c c Th-Tn, t i-Vng s ci m c nhng ni kh trong lng". c vua lin nhn li, truyn-lnh thng voi cng i vi Cung-phi v triu-thn n tnh-x ca ng Jvaka. ng-s quanh co theo trin ni, cng v su chng no cng thy quang-cnh vng lng rng-rn. c vua sanh nghi, pht run-s t hi: Phi chng ng Jvaka mun gt trm vo so-huyt hi trm? Du l gia rng ni, nhng gn ni cuhi ca trn c ngn ngi, m sao khng c mt cht n-o, khua-ng, cho n mt ting ho-khc cng khng nghe. ng Jvaka on bit, nn n gn trn-tnh c vua v tr-tay ch ni xa xa pha trc c lp le nh n, t trong ngi nh trn ln m ng ct lm ging-ng cho c-Pht thuyt-php dy o hng ngy. Vua n ni c c-Pht n-cn tip-rc. Sau khi l bi c Th-Tn, Vua A-X-Th xin php hi mt cu, cha ai tng nghe, m ng sang qua mc-ch ca s ving thm hm nay: "Bch c Th-Tn, xin c Th-Tn hoan-h gii cho trm cng b-quan c mt ni y nhng diu li-ch ln nh m ngi ly-gia thot-tc c th thu-hoch c trong phm-hnh ca bc xutgia".

c-Pht vui-v thuyt nhiu php v phm-hnh ca bc xut-gia, t s li-ch ca t-cch n mc, i ng, nm ngi, chuyn vn, suy-tng cho n nhng s li-ch v t-cch thu-thc lc-cn, ch-ng dc-vng, gn-gi lng an-tnh, khai-thng Tr-Tu, chng-ng chn-l, tn-dit V-Minh, siu thot lun-hi. Ri c-Pht hi: "V nh i-vng c mt ngi b-h xut-gia thc-hnh ng theo phm-hnh nh th. i-vng c th no mun cho ngi y tr li lm b-h chu-ly phc-v i-vng chng?" Bch c Th-Tn, nu ngi b-h ca trm xut-gia tu-hnh ng-n theo phm-hnh, trm s nghing mnh cho hi, mi ngi v cng-dng y-phc, vt-thc, ch , thucmen v cam-oan s bo-h, che-ch cho xng ng theo bc c y- phmhnh. Sau khi tha-mn hiu-k ca Vua A-X-Th, c-Pht ln ln khn kho m ng cho ngi ng nng-mang trng-ti git cha, gieo su c-tin trong Pht-Php, pht-tm vui thch mun vo gn ngi Tam-Bo, tm phng gii ly oan-nghip. Vua A-X-Th rt tha-thch, lin xin qui-y lm ngi cn-s nam v t li smhi: "Bch c Th-Tn, trong cn in-di, m-qung v tham mun ngi vua, -t phm ti st-ph; ci xin c Th-Tn nhn li th-ti ca -t, hu t nay v sau -t n-nn ci-hi, khng cn ti-phm trong ti-c na". c-Pht p: "Tu i-vng, tht vy, do mt oan-tri c-nghit trong tinkip, i-vng gy ra trng ti thm-khc, hm nay i-vng th-nhn v hi-ng n-nn, Nh-Lai hoan-h chng-minh cho i-vng. Tu ivng, chnh l quan-im ca mt k-lut cao-thng, dnh cho ngi bit nhn nhn ti-li, t du n-nn, hu dit mm oan-tri trong ngy v-lai". Vua A-X-Th cm thy lng c nh-nhng th-thi, ht sc vui-mng, lin bi-t c-Pht tr v hong-cung. 151- Ti sao c-Pht khng cu- Vua Bimbsara, l ngi c cng gip cho Pht-Gio c thnh-hnh trong x Magadha, cng khng t Hong-t Ajatasattu, trnh ti git cha, cng nh Ngi tng-cp Angulimala khi ti git m? Tht vy, Vua Bimbisara, cng nh Vua Pasenadi x Kosala, l mt v qucvng ng tui vi c-Pht, thng hiu Pht-Php, tinh-tn gi o vi cPht t bui khai-o; l th c-Pht tm mi phng-th cu cho khi b Thi-t A-X-Th ph-ngi, h-ngc, khng cho n ung cho n b-mnh trong

ngc-tht. Nhng v bi oan-tri ca vua Bimbisara gy ra trong tin-kip vi Thi-t A-x-Th, nay ng gi pht phi tr qu n ti; c-Pht khng th sa i lut nhn-qu, nh cam chu mt mt ngi tn- nhit-thnh v cng l ngi bn thn-mn. Tuy nhin c-Pht vua Bimbisara (TnB-Sa) chm t oan-nghip v tin bc kh su vo ng gii-thot: Khi Thi-t A-X-Th nghe li thy Devadatta, mang gm vo cung-ni, tnh hst vua cha, b bi-l, vua khng bt ti, li cn nhng ngi cho Thi-t. c tc-v ri, vua A-X-Th cng cn nghe li thy Devadatta, h-ngc vua cha, b i n cht cho thy rnh tay h-st c-Pht. Trong ngc-tht, vua Tn-B-Sa nh bit o, khng on-gin con, cam lng chu tr cho dt mi oan-nghit tin-khin, nn khi qua-i c siu-thot v ci yn-vui. Cng v oan-tri m nghip-lc a y Thi-t A-X-Th sanh lm con Vua Bimbisara, ch ng gi khc, c-tm pht-sanh, ht bit tnh cha ngha con, hnh-ng m-qung ca Thi-t gip cho mi th xa thc-hin, y theo qu-bo m hai bn c tm gieo trng. Ch chi Thi-t A-X-Th theo mt ng li vi Vua-cha, thng-hiu c Pht-Php, bit lut nhn-qu t mnh bit sa i nghip-lc ca mnh, khng lm bn vi k c Devadatta, th chng nhng c-Pht c th cu- khi ti git-cha, li cn du-dt Thi-t trn ng Thnh-o. Cho nn sau khi Vua AX-Th nghe php, qui-y v sm-hi ti li, c-Pht lin by t cho cc thy T-Khu bit rng, mc du c vua thnh-tht n-nn, nhng nu khng c ci trng ti st-ph, th c chng-ng chn-l (c qu Thnh) gia lc Ngi thuyt-php cho nghe. Tng cp Angulimala v Vua Ajatasattu trong hai hon-cnh khc nhau; ngi trc l k mi vay n; ngi sau l ch-n n i li vn. Angulimala phm ti git ngi, qu-bo cha pht sanh kp thi, nh hiu Pht-Php, t mnh sa i ng hng pht-trin tinh-thn, tin o qu Nit-Bn. 152- Sau khi qui-y, Vua Ajatasattu i x vi c-Pht nh th no? Vua A-X-Th ht lng tn-knh v tin-tng c-Pht, nh Vua-cha khi trc. Mi khi triu-nh c vic quan-trng phi gii-quyt, Vua thng n thnh-gio c Th-Tn. Mt ngy n, Vua A-X-Th sanh lng tham, mun em binh chim x Videha, bn t-ngn sng Gng, thuc ca bn ngoi, tin b chinh-phc c vng k-

cn rt giu-c thnh-mu ca dng Vajjis v Licchavis. Vua bn phi v ithn Vassakara n ni K-X-Qut em li khn-kho d hi -kin c-Pht v mu-chc ni trn. Khi nghe v i-thn Vassakara d-hi v -nh xm-lng ca Vua A-X-Th, c-Pht lin bt qua ni chuyn khc vi i-c Ananda ging-tip tr li cho v khch ca Ngi: "Ny Ananda, ngi c nghe dn-tc Vajjis i x vi nhau bng cch no m x-s h c hng-mnh giu-c chng? " -"Bch c Th-Tn, -t thng nghe rng ngi Vajjis, t bc Vua-cha n hng th dn u p-dng chnh-sch rt khn-ngoan, bo-tn vnh-vin b ci v s phn-thnh ca h". "Tht vy Ananda, dng Vajjis c lp by nguyn-tc cn bn duy-tr tai v s giu c cho x s h: - Thng nhm-hp nhau gii-quyt nhng vn- li-ch cho quc-gia dntc. - on-kt ha-thun vi nhau. - Thi hnh ng theo lut-php ch-nh. - Tn-knh bc Trng-thng. - Knh-n hng ph-n. - Bo-tn cc n-th trong x. - Sng-bi cc bc Thnh-nhn". Nh p-dng trung-thnh by nguyn-tc y,m chng c cuc ngoi-xm no thng h c. V s-gi Vassakara, gi-dn v mn chnh-tr, tip li kt-lun: Nu qu tht vy th chng nn mo-him xm-chim t-ai ca dng Vajjis. Cn mun thng h, th trc nht phi tm cch lm cho h chia r, th ght ln nhau. Dt li, ng bi-t kiu-t c-Pht v ha khi rnh vic s tr li thnh-gio cuo. Trn ng v, ng Vassakara lp tm ph-ri s on-kt ca dn x Vajjis. Khi S-gi Vassakara va xung ni K-X-Qut, c-Pht hi Ch-Tng li, dy By php cn-thit duy-tr Gio-hi cho c lu di:

- Cc thy T-Khu phi sng mt i-sng tp-on v thng hi-hp hc hi cng nhau. - Cc thy T-Khu lun lun phi ha-ho trong i sng tp-on, trong lc hi-hp v trong khi hnh Tng-s. - Cc thy T-Khu chng nn sa-i hoc ph-b cc iu-hc, m phi nghim-tr cho y-. - Cc thy T-Khu phi tn-knh v vng-li cc bc trng-lo c nhiu kinhnghim. - Cc thy T-Khu khng nn cho lng tham-mun chi-phi. - Cc thy T-Khu phi vui-thch ni thanh-vng. - Cc thy T-Khu phi bit t-ch, bit du-dt n em c ti-c, n ch anvui hnh-phc.

---o0o--O. c-Pht sang qua thnh Vesali

153- c-Pht cn chu-du ni no khc chng? Sau khi Rajagaha (Vng-x) mt thi gian kh lu, c-Pht v on tytng ln ng tr li Vesali. Chng u, Ngi gh vo vn xoi Ambalatthika ca vua A-X-Th, l ni Ngi n hai ln, thuyt-php nhc-nh tn- nng-trang tu-hnh. K , c-Pht ng n lng Nalanda, ch sanh- ca ic Sariputta (X-Li-Pht). V sau, Vua xMagadha c lp ni y mt trng Pht-hc o-to Tng-ti. Trng y tr thnh mt i-hc ng sn-xut nhiu trit-hc-gia danh-ting, trong thi trung-c. Thy Huyn-Trang, lc n n-, c xin vo hc mn trit-l v kho-cu ti-liu v Pht-gio itha, trong nhiu nm. n chng th ba, c-Pht gh lng Ptali, trn mt ng ba rch, va m sng Gng, thun-tin bun-bn nn c nhiu dn-c v cng l mt a-th v chin-lc qun-s, nn Vua A-X-Th nh di kinh- li y, ly tn l Ptaliputta (hin nay l Patna), ngn-nga dn Vajjis v Licchavis v cng mu-toan -h dn y. n y dn-chng t-chc tip-n c-Pht rt trng-th v kt thuyn a c-Pht v Ch-Tng qua sng, v nhm cui ma xun, tuyt r t trn ni

chy xung ngp-b. Cng ni y, trn ng hnh-trnh u tin, t rng Uruvela qua vn Isipattana (Lc-gi), c-Pht mun qua sng m khng c tin, tn a khng chu a. Tng th, Ngi phi dng thn-thng bay qua; chng y tn cho n-nn hi-hn, v mt dp lm-phc n V Thnh-nhn. Cu-chuyn ny thu-tai Vua Bimbisara, nn Ngi h lnh cm ch- thu tin cc v thy-tu qua sng. c-Pht va n Vesali th cc V nng Ambapli ua nhau thm-ving cng-dng. Tiu-vng Licchavis v

154- c-Pht n Vesali k-ny c vic chi xy ra khc thng chng? c-Pht n ving x Licchavis ln ny l ln cui-cng. Ma ma sp ti, c-Pht dy cc thy T-Khu la ni nhp-h, trong cc lng k cn. Ring Ngi, Ngi sang nhp-h ti lng Beluva. Va an-c, cPht lm bnh nng, thn-th au nhc, t-chi r-lit, nhng Ngi gom-tm nh thn, nn-chu khng rn-sit. Lc y, c-Pht ngh: "Nu Nh-Lai b xc m khng t li vnh-bit vi nhng mn-, ht lng lo-lng cho Nh-Lai, hu an-i h v khng cho Gio-hi Tng-chng bit trc, th tht l mt vic khng hay. Vy Nh-Lai phi dng nng-lc ca -mun, ch-ng cn-bnh v tm gi s sng li". Ni ri, Ngi thc-hin theo -mun, nn chng-bnh chm dt. Va phc-hi sc kho, c-Pht ng dy, bc ra ngi di bng mt, ngoi thm tnh-tht. i-c Ananda n gn nh-l ri ngi k bn th-th: "-t thy c Th-Tn lnh mnh ri; lc c Th-Tn lm bnh, thn-th ca -t tht-thn, th-lc ca -t tn-lon, nhng -t c an-i khi tng rng, trc khi vin-tch, c Th-Tn cn phi cho bit -nh ca Ngi v Gio-on Tng-chng". -"Ny Ananda, Gio-on Tng-chng cn mun g na? Nh-Lai truyn dy y- Gio-Php ri; Nh-Lai khng phn-bit bn trong, bn ngoi; chnl ch dy cn-k khng thiu-st ch no. Ny Ananda, k no c- mun thng-tr Gio-on Tng-chng, hoc mun cho Gio-on Tng-chng phi chu t di quyn cai-qun ca h, th k y c ban hun-lnh cho Gio-on; iu y khng phi l t-tng, l mun ca Nh-Lai u. Nh-Lai gi yu ri, n mc cui cng ri, tui th ca Nh-Lai tm-mi ri. Ny Ananda, bi th, t nay hoc sau khi Nh-Lai nhp-dit ri, ngi no bit

t lm cy uc soi ng, t nng-nh ly, khng nng-nh ni u khc hn, t ly Php-Bo lm uc soi-ng, chng tm nng-nh ni no khc hn, k y s l -t cao-thng ca Nh-Lai, s tin n ni gic-ng". Ni ri c-Pht mang bt vo thnh Vesali tr-bnh; tr v th-thc xong, Ngi vo rng ngi ngh di ci cy, chuyn-vn vi i-c Ananda:" Ny Ananda, ngi no vun trng v thc-nghim su-xa bn php 'Nguyn-Vng Php Mu' (Iddhipda: T Cn-Thng hay T Thn-Tc), nu mun, c th sng lu trn mt kip, hoc nhiu hn mt kip; bc Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic cng vy". c-Pht lp li ba lt, i-c Anandang-ngn khng hiu Pht, ngi lng-thinh. c-Pht bo ng Ananda i ngh di ci cy khc k-cn.Mara (Ma-vng) lin hin n gn c-Pht, nhc li li thnh cu Ngi vo an-ngh trong Nit-Bn, t bui Ngi mi thnh Pht di ci B-. Lc y c Th-Tn t chi khng chu nhp-dit, v o-php cha c truyn-b; ngy nay Ngi o-to rt nhiu Tng-chng k-nghip Gio-Php ca Ngi cng c ph-cp cng khp mi ni; -t n y thnh c Th-Tn nhp V-lng-th Nit-Bn. c-Pht p:" Ny Ma-vng, ngi ch nn u-lo, ngi khi cn ch i; gi nhp-dit ca Nh-Lai sp n; trong ba thng na Nh-Lai s nhp NitBn". Ma-vng vui mng bin mt. c-Pht lin nh t nay l ngy trng trn thng T, Ngi s vo Nit-Bn. Qu a-cu bng nhin rung ng, sm-st n vang gia bu tri thanh-bch, lm cho mi ngi kinh-khng. ic Ananda cht tnh, sc nh li nhng li c-Pht tht ra lc gi ng. ng m ra lo s, v khi mt tri lng n gi Tng-chng tu-hp li nghe php, ng n gn c-Pht hi duyn c ca hin-tng phi-thng va xy ra lc x-chiu. c-Pht gii thch cho ng nghe rng Ngi nhn li thnh cu nhp-dit ca Ma-vng, v khi Ngi nh ba thng na s t-bit th-gian vo Nit-Bn, qu a cu rung ng nh th y. ng Ananda lin qu ly thnhcu c-Pht li trn kip th-gian. c-Pht tr li: "Ny Ananda, bc Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic ch ni mt li, Nh-Lai khng th v ngi m ththa vi Ma-vng". V ng Ananda khng thnh c-Pht lu-li th-gian, lc ban tra, khi Ngi cho ng bit rng Bc Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic, nh bn php Thn-tc, c th sng thm mt kip hoc hn mt kip, nn sau li ngi ta khp ng Ananda vo ci i-ti " cho c-Pht nhp Nit-Bn qu sm".

i-c Ananda, trn 25 nm trng, hy-sinh tn-ty, hu-h, sn-sc cPht t gi khc, khng c ban-thng, li cn phi gnh trch-nhim v -nh nhp Nit-Bn ca c-Pht, tht l bt-cng. ng ra khng ai phintrch ng Ananda, v s xao-lng ca ng, bi xt-k; vic no n, n phi n v c-Pht cng thng dy: "C sanh th phi c dit". K tip, c-Pht xy qua dy cc thy T-Khu:" Ny Ch mn-, cc con rn hc cho thng-sut Gio-Php ca Nh-Lai, v phi thc-hnh, rn-luyn, tin-ti hu duy-tr cho lu-di i sng Thnh-nhn, em li s tn-hoa cho nhiu ngi; v lng thng nhn-loi, ban-b hnh-phc an-vui cho tri v ngi. Gio-Php ca Nh-Lai truyn dy cho cc mn- nh th no? y l: - T-Nim-X (Satipatthna) - T-Chnh-Cn (Samappadhna) - T-Thn-Tc (Iddhipda) - Ng-Cn (Indriya) - Ng-Lc (Bala) - Tht B- Phn (Bojjhanga) - Bt-Chnh-o (Atthangikamagga) Cc php y Nh-Lai tm v truyn cho cc con ri. Nh-Lai cng thng dy rng mi s-vt trn th-gian u V-Thng, cc con hy bn-ch tranh-u. Cn chng bao lu Nh-Lai s nhp-dit; t nay n ba thng na, Nh-Lai s vo Nit-Bn. i sng ca Nh-Lai sp n mc cui-cng. NhLai s i, cc con li; ch ca Nh-Lai dn sn ri. Cc con hy thc-tnh, ng xao-lng, hy sng lun lun theo bc Thnh-nhn, cng-quyt gn-gi tm-tr sng-sut. Thy T-Khu no khng thi-chuyn, bn-ch, trung-thnh sng theo chn-l, thy y s thot khi vng sanh-t, s n ni dit kh".

---o0o--P. c-Pht t gi Vesali i Kusinara

155- c-Pht c nh nhp Nit-Bn ti u chng? c-Pht khng cho bit trc. Sng ngy c-Pht vo thnh Vesali khtthc. Khi tr v, Ngi ngoi mt nhn thnh Vesali v ni vi i-c Ananda: "Ny Ananda, Nh-Lai ngm xem thnh Vesali ln cui-cng, Nh-Lai s

khng cn tr li y na". V n ch ng, th, thc. c-Pht v on tytng ln ng, trc-ch v hng Kusinara. Tn- theo khc-lc a-n, khng mun ri c-Pht. Ngi khuyn-gii nhiu lt, h mi chu tr v. Sau khi tri qua nhiu chng ng, ngy n c-Pht n thnh Pv, vo tm-tr mt m trong vn xoi ca ngi th rn tn Cunda. Ngi ch vn hay tin, lt-t n xin yt-kin cho mng c-Pht v thnh Ngi cng Ch-Tng ba sau n nh th-thc. 156- Ba trai-tang ni nh ngi th rn c chi c-bit chng? y l ba cm cui cng trc gi nhp-dit ca c-Pht. Khi th-thc ri, c-Pht b kit-l, lm cho Ngi mt nhc v cng. Tuy vy, c-Pht cng rn sc ln ng cho kp n Kusinara. 157- Ti sao c-Pht gp n Kusinara v trong cn bnh hon i ng c xy ra iu chi chng? c-Pht sp t cuc hnh-trnh ca Ngi, t Vesali n Kusinara, v nh phi n ni ni bui x chiu ngy y, kp gi nhp-dit. Thn gi yu i b rng-r trong ba thng trng, ngy th ln-bc theo ng g-gh xuyn qua ng rung, rng ni, vt-sui ln o, m th n-nu di cm-tre chm-xoi, di-nng dm-sng, trnh sao cho khi lao-thn mt-xc, nn i c na ng, c-Pht ui sc, dng chn tm ngh di mt ci cy, v bo i-c Ananda mau kim nc cho Ngi dng cn trm-trng ca chng-bnh. ng Ananda bch cho c-Pht bit va ri c 500 c-xe thng-mi qua sui, nc ni cn-bn v yu-cu c-Pht rn i thm mt i na n rch Kudhnad, c nc trong-tro, tm-ra v gii-kht chng mun chi. c-Pht c-gng -nn cn-bnh, nhng v mt-nhc qu sc, t chi r-lit, bo ng Ananda cho ung nc, ri mi tip-tc ln ng c. ng Ananda khng nh cho c-Pht ung nc cn-c, nhng v b thcdc ba lut, ng buc lng m bt xung khe; ti ni, thy nc lng trong li, ng vui-mng mt mt bt em dng cho c-Pht. Va lc y, c mt v Hong-tc tn Pukkusa, dng Malla x Kusinara, i ngc chiu v hng Pv, thy c-Pht ngi ngh di ci cy, ng dngbc cho hi v truyn-tr vi Ngi. Chnh ng Hong Pukkusany cng ng th-gio, nh c-Pht lc mi i tm o vi V o-s Alra Klma. ng thut li cho c-Pht nghe mt chuyn phi-thng ca c Thy chung:

"Ngy n, c thy Alra Klma ngi nhp-nh da m l, c 500 c-xe i ngang qua, m thy khng hay bit chi c. Chng xut-nh, thy bi ng mt lp dy trn thn-mnh, mi bit c rt nhiu on xe i qua". c-Pht cng thut cho ng Hong mt chuyn tng-t:" Ngy n, ti lng Atum, Nh-Lai nhp i-nh trong mt chi tranh gia ng, tri pht ging-t, ma tm-t, st n nh cht hai anh em ngi nng-phu v bn con tru, k cn Nh-Lai. Nh-Lai cng khng hay bit". Nghe vy, ng Hong Pukkusa t lng knh-phc thy C-m, lin xin qui-y lm thin-nam v ku ngi ty-tng em vo hai sp vi thng-hng, mu vng sc-s chi ngi, dng cho c-Pht. Ngi th mt sp v cho ng Ananda mt sp. ng Hong bi-t c-Pht, ln ng v? hng Pv. ng Ananda ly sp vi mc cho c-Pht; ng rt kinh-ngc thy ton thn ca c-Pht by-gi li lng-lnh chiu-ngi mt mu vng rc-r, lm cho sc vng ca sp vi kia mt ht v p sng chi ca n. ng hi duyn-c, c-Pht gii rng thn ca bc Chnh-ng Chnh-Gic ng vng mt cch phi-thng trong hai thi-k: trc gi thnh-o v trc gi nhp Nit-Bn. Lin , c-Pht ng dy ln ng. n rch Kudhnadi, Ngi xung tmra, gii-kht ly sc li, nhng dng nh Ngi gn kit-lc. Tm ngh mt chp ri Ngi chm-ri ln bc ti sng Hiranyavti. Sng cn phi-by nhng rnh nc trong, gia bi ct trng, ch xn-y bc qua, nhng t-chi rlit, c-Pht khng th li qua sng c. Nh thanh-kh b sng, va khe c i cht, c-Pht hi-h ng dy, ku ng Ananda ni: "Rn mt on cht na Ananda, bn kia sng Hiranyavti l rng Salas, vn thng-uyn ca Vua Mallas, thuc a-phn thnh Kusinara, ni Nh-Lai s nhp-dit." C sch ghi rng t ch gp ng Hong Pukkusa ti sng Hiranyavti, cPht phi ngh chn hai-mi-tm lt; nh php T-thn-tc nn cn-bnh v ch-tr xc-thn, nn Ngi vng lng t t tin ti, mc du sc-lc tiu-mn gn n cc-. Va qua sng, c-Pht kit-qu, hi ng Ananda dn ch nm, gia hai cy Salas v ni:" Nh-Lai mt lm ri, kp ly y c-sa tri cho Nh-Lai nm ngh".

158- C xy ra iu chi khc thng ti Kusinara v trc gi nhp NitBn, c-Pht c li di-chc chng? i-c Ananda hi-h tri y trn tng , gia hai cy Song-long-th. Va xong c-Pht ln nm, nghing mnh bn phi, tay mt lt u lm gi, mt nhn v hng Ty, u day qua phng Bc, th bng Sala rt trn mnh Ngi nh ma, v t khng-trung nhc-tri reo-tri. c-Pht ku ng Ananda phn rng:" Thn Nh-Lai bao-ph y bng, mc du khng phi ma hoa-tr; Ch-Thin tu-nhc cng-dng Nh-Lai. Ny Ananda, cn mt s knh-mn, sng-bi, tn-th, chim-ngng Nh-Lai bng cch khc: T-Khu, T-Khu-ni, Thin-nam, Tn-n no thc-hnh ng theo Gio-Php ca Nh-Lai, chuyn-tu phm-hnh v sng cao-thng theo bc Thnh-nhn". ng Ananda qu cm-ng, bc ra ngoi, da vo gc cy than-khc: "Ta cn phi tu-hc rt nhiu m Thy ta li sp nhp-dit; Ngi c lng T-bi thng-xt ta nhiu: Ri y ta bit nng-nh ni ai?" c-Pht thy vng ng Ananda, lin cho gi vo an-i: "Ny Ananda, ng au-kh than-khc na: Nh-Lai tng ni rng th-gian ny c lc phi xala nhn-vt yu-mn; c sanh phi c dit, khng sao trnh khi. Ananda i, by lu nay nhng hnh-ng, li-ni v t-tng ca ngi i vi Nh-Lai, chng-t rng ngi l mt mn- tn-tm trung-thnh v ng thng. Ngi to nhiu cng-c, ch thm mt cht c-gng na, ngi s tin n oqu Nit-Bn". c-Pht day qua cc thy T-Khu dy rng: "Cc thy, Ch Pht qu-kh v V-lai khng c mt ngha- no u-t nh Ananda. Ananda c ti t-chc nhng bui tip-tn ca Nh-Lai, c mi ngi va-lng cm-phc. i vi T-Khu, T-Khu-ni, Thin-Nam, Tn-n, Vua-cha cng cc quan ithn, cc o-s B-La-Mn,Ananda t ra khn-kho lch-duyt". K , c-Pht sai ng Ananda lm s-gi vo Hong-cung tu cho c Vua Mallas hay -nh ca Ngi nhp-dit ti rng Salas ni m nay. ng Ananda vi-v ra i. n hong-cung gp lc Vua cng b-quan ng hi-yn ng-vy; ng xin vo chu Vua Mallas v tu rng: "Tu i-Vng, Bn-tng vng lnh c Th-Tn n bo-tin cho i-Vng r, Ngi va ng n rng Salas v nh nhp Nit-Bn ti vo canh cht m nay".

Khi hay c tin y, Vua v Triu-thn ng cm ng: "c Gotama l dng Vua sang-c; v thng xt chng-sinh, chng ni lao-kh, bng rng lt bi, ry y mai cu-vt sanh-linh, nay phi cam-chu b xc gia rng, tht ng cho chng ta l-bi cng-dng". Vua v b-quan ng ri-ly v ng nhau n rngSalas xin vo yt-kin c Th-Tn. c-Pht li khuyn nh Vua Mallas cng b-quan nn ly o-c v lng T-bi du-dt dn-chng hng-thin tu-hnh, dn ng thng tin n ni hnh-phc yn vui. Tin bun c loan-bo cng khp kinh-thnh, dn chng mi-lng than-tic, ko nhau n vn Salas bi-yt c-Pht. n cui canh mt mi rnh khch; nhng c-Pht v ng Ananda khng ngh ngi c. o-s Subhadda n xin ra mt c-Pht. ng bit rng trong th-gian t c Pht ra i; ng va hay tin Pht-T Gotama sp nhp Nit-Bn, ng hy-vng gp Ngi cu xin gii gim nhng mi hoi nghi. Ba lt ngAnanda t chi: "Ny Hin-Huynh, c Th-Tn mt-nhc lm, xin Hin-Huynh Ngi anngh". c-Pht nghe lin ku ng Ananda dy rng: "Thi Ananda, ng cn tr o-s Subhadda. ng mun thnh-gio ni Nh-Lai, chng phi mun lm rn Nh-Lai u". ng Ananda buc lng phi cho ng Subhadda vo. n trc c-Pht, ng nh-l, t li ving-an ri xin php hi o: "Bch Th-Tn, cc v Lc-S t cho l bc Tr-Tu cao-thng, nn c nhiu ngi sng-bi knh-phc; xin Th-Tn cho bit h qu tht l bc Tr-Tu uyn-thm chng?" -"Subhadda ny, chng nn bn-lun n Gio-Php ca ngi khc. Nu ngi nun nghe gio-l ca Nh-Lai. Nh-Lai s ging-gii cho ngi". "Bch Th-Tn, xin Ngi T-bi ch-gio". -"Ny Subhadda, o ca Nh-Lai l phng-php thc-nghim c tm-chi, con ng duy-nht a ngi n ni tn-dit phin-no. Ngi no hnh ng theo, th t s c chng qu T-Thnh chng sai. Ngoi gio-l ca Nh-Lai, chng c Bn hng Thnh-nhn y. Nu trong ci i ny, c ngi hnh ng theo li ch-dy ca Nh-Lai, th ngi y s chng o qu A-LaHn". ng Subhadda c tha-mn, xin c-Pht cho xut-gia.

Bit ngi c duyn-lnh, c-Pht dy ng Ananda lm l xut-gia cho ng Subhadda v bo ng kim ch thanh-vng tham-thin nhp-nh, trong giy-lt ng c qu A-La-Hn. ng l ngi -t cui-cng ca c-Pht. Chnh ti Kusinara, ni rng Salas ny, trong V-lng tin-kip, khi cPht cn l mt v B-Tt, cng cu- ngi -t cht ny ri. Thu n, B-Tt sanh lm cha-on mt by nai. Mt ngy kia b mt trn la rng kinhm, by nai chy ra m rch, tm li thot thn. Nc nh thc, tuy rch nh nhng khng th li qua bn kia b c. La chy gn ti m rch by nai s-hi xn-vn ch cht. B-Tt liu-thn, n-lc cng t con nai, li-ngm di nc a qua b kia. Con nai cui cng c cu khi ha-hon, trc khi BTt b ging-nc cung mt, chnh l tin-thn ca ng Subhadda. m gn tn, c Th-Tn ku ng Ananda li dy: "Ny Ananda, sau ny t c nhiu ngi tng rng li ni caNh-Lai mt ri, h khng cn Thy-T na. Ny Ananda, chng nn tng nh th. Gio-Php v gii-lut ca Nh-Lai di-truyn, noi theo m sng mt cuc i trinh-khit, chnh l Thy ca cc ngi, sau khi Nh-Lai tch-dit". Ri c-Pht day qua hi hng Tng-chng:" Ny cc thy T-Khu, cc thy cn hoi-nghi iu chi v Gio-Php ca Nh-Lai, cc thy c ni i, Nh-Lai s gii-thch cho". Hi ba lt, chng c mt ai tr li, c-Pht tip thm: "NhLai thng dy cc thy rng trong i c sanh th phi c dit; vy cc thy hy c-gng tu-hnh n ni gii-thot, ch nn di-i, d dui". l li dihun ti-hu ca c Th-Tn. 159- Gi no c Th-Tn mi nhp-dit? T , c-Pht lng-thinh, nhp-dit, t S-Thin Hu-Sc n T-Thin VSc, n Dit-th-tng-nh k tr ln xung S-Thin Hu-Sc, ri tr ln n T-Thin Hu-Sc, ri nhp V-lng th Nit-Bn. Lc y tri va rng-ng, nhm sng ngy 16 thng Vesakha. Qu a-cu rung-ng v nhc-tri tiu-ri t khng trung. Tri Phm-Thin Sahampati ct ting bi-ai: " h! chng-sanh trong hon-v Ngy kia s b xc li th-gian;

Cng nh c Th-Tn, ng T-Hn i-gic vo chn an-lc Nit-Bn". Tri -Thch Sakka tip li: "Cc php Hu-vi V-Thng bin i, Ht sanh n dit, dit ri li sanh; Dit c php-hnh mi ht sanh dit, Ht sanh, ht dit mi tht yn-vui". Hng Tng-chng c nhiu ngi khc-lc than-tic: "Hi c Th-Tn, sao Ngi vi nhp Nit-Bn?" -" h! Con mt th-gian nhm li ri. Ring cc bc thu-l V-Thng ca vn-vt, cc v i A-La-Hn, u bnh-tnh lng-thinh". 160- Ai lnh nhim-v lo phn nghi-thc tn-lim v an-tng Thnh-th ca c Th-Tn? Sng ngy i-c Anurudha phi tn-gi Ananda vo cung bo tin cho Vua Mallas hay c Th-Tn vin-tch lc sao-mai va mc. Vua cha v triu-thn cm-xc ri-ly. Dn-chng c lnh em trm-hng, bng hoa, nc thm v nhc-l n cng-dng c-Pht ti vn Salas. Vua Mallas ch-thn ng ra m-ng cng vic tn-lim Thnh-th ca c Th-Tn, theo nghi-thc dnh ring cho mt V -Vng: Dng mt ngn cy la trng bao bc Thnh-th, lim vo hm st, sn vng; qun li by ngy m cho ton-th dn-chng n chim-bi cng-dng. c Vua cho thit-lp ha-i ti ca Nam thnh Kusinara. n gi i linh-cu ra ha-i, tm v lc-s tm ra sch-s, sc-phc chnh-t vo ng-quan, nhng khng th hm ln ni. Vua Mallas ngc-nhin, hi ic Anurudha. Ngi bo rng Ch-Thin-Vng t- mun thnh Thnh-th c Th-Tn vo thnh Kusinara do ca Bc, n trung-tam thnh-ph tr qua ca ng, thng ti Hong-in "Tn-Vng", ri s c-hnh l tr-t ti . c Vua phi ra lnh di ha-i qua ca ng. Chng y tm lc-s thnh hm ra i nh-nhng. T khng trung nhc-tri reo-tri v bng mng-th rt xung nh ma, mi thm bt-ngt.

Hm t xong trn ha-i, bn v Quc-S, tay cm bn cy uc, t t bc n chm vo bn gc. uc tng m la khng chy. Vua Mallas hi ic Anuradha. Ngi dy rng Ch-Thin-Vng t- yu cu ch ic Maha Kasappa (Maha Ca-Dip) sp n trong giy lt. L ha-tng phi tm ngng. i-c Maha Kasappa, cng 500 -, t thnh Pv sang Kusinara; v mt-mi thy tr dng chn ngh mt. K c ngi i ng, t hng Kusinara n, trn tay c cm mt bng Mng-th, i-c Ca-Dip ku hi: T Kusinara n, ng c bit tin-tc ca V i-Sa-Mn C-m ra th no chng? ng Sa-Mn C-m vin-tch t by ngy qua; hm nay c Vua Mallas lm l ha-tng, chnh bng mng-th ny ti lm c ti ha-i. Va nghe tin bun y, nhiu thy T-Khu r ln khc lc thm-thit. Lc y c ng T-Khu tn Subhadda (trng tn vi V -t cui-cng ca c-Pht) ng ra khuyn-gii; Cc thy khc lc lm chi. ng C-m ra ngi thinc, khng cn ai la ry qu-trch, bt-buc chng ta phi nghim-tr gii-lut, bc-bi kh-khn. T nay chng ta s c t-do hnh-ng, cc thy khc ni g? y l nguyn-nhn u-tin, lm cho Chnh-Php sai-lc, Pht-gio phi suyi. i-c Maha Ca-Dip nghe thy Subhadda tht li -tin, rt lo ngi cho tin- Pht-Gio. V sp ln ng n Kusinara cho kp l ha-tng cPht, nn Ngi gi-l, nhng cng tm ngn-nga k c-tm ph-hoi. Va n ni, i-c Maha Ca-Dip i vng quanh ha-i ba lt, ri n ngay gia qu ly ba ly. on ty-tng ca ngi, ty h cao thp, ln lt vo ly trc hm vng. i-c Maha Ca-Dip v 50 v T-Khu va lm l xong, th hm vng pht ho quang sng r, la t-nhin bc chy, lm mi ngi kinh-ngc. Ngn la va h, Vua Mallas ly nc thm ti thm cho thit ngui thnh nhng mnh-xng cn li em v th. Tt c gm c: Mt mnh xng trn, 2 khc xng vai, 4 rng nhn, 5 cn xng nh bng ht bp, 6 cn bng ht go v 5 cn bng ht m, u c vo -vng, cung-nghinh v hong-cung, thit l cng-dng.

161- c-Pht c cho ti Kusinara chng?

bit

l-do

no

Ngi

nh

nhp

dit

Va n Kusinara, i-c Ananda thy a-th khng my thch-hp, nn c yu-cu c-Pht chn ni khc thun-tin hn, nhp-dit: "Bch c Th-Tn, xin c Th-Tn ch vi nhp Nit-Bn trong chn ngng thn-qu ny. c Th-Tn c th la nhng -thnh ln khc nh Rajagaha, Savatthi, Champa, Kosambi hoc Bnars, v ni y c nhiu bc Vua-cha, nhiu nh qu-phi, B-La-Mn, trng-gi rt trung-thnh vi c Th-Tn; h s lo phn ho tng xng-ng hn". c-Pht tr li: -"ng ni th, Ananda. Trong tin-kip, lc Nh-Lai cn l mt V Chuynlun-Vng, Nh-Lai ng ti y. Kusinara thu y l kinh-thnh Kusavati, to ln v phn-thnh -nht trn hon-cu. V , Nh-Lai chn la ni y lm ch tch-dit". Cn mt l-do khc c-Pht khng ni ra, nhng sau ri ngi ta mi bit Ngi d-liu mi iu trnh tai-ho v sau. Xng ca c-Pht gi l Sarira Dhtu (X-Li) c tt c Pht-t xem nh vt k-nim v-gi, trn-chu qu-bu trong i khng th snh bng, nn cc V Quc-Vng u mun c mt phn, lp n th cng-cng, cho btnh thng ngy n l bi cng dng, nh lc c Th-Tn cn ti th. Cho nn va hay tin c-Pht nhp Nit-Bn ti Kusinara, cc V Quc-Vng lin phi S-thn n xin lnh mt phn X-Li v th. C thy c by V i-din cho Vua x Magadha, Vesali, Kapilavastu, Savatthi, Allakappa, Ramagama, Veddhadipaka, rn-r ko binh m n ng tri ngoi thnh Kusinara. Ban s Vua Mallas nht nh khng chia X-Li cho cc S-thn; nhng cc v ny c ni-n v t rng c-Pht l dng cao-thng, chnh h cng thuc dng cao-thng, mun c X-Li em v x lp n th vt k-nim v-gi ca c-Pht. H nhn-ni nhng t- cng-quyt xin chia cho c X-Li mi chu tr v x.

Phn Vua Mallas li tng rng c-Pht tm n nhp-dit ti Kusinara, ct yu giao-ph nhim-v cho dngMallas bo-tn X-Li, hu ngy kia x Kusinara s tr nn giu c thnh vung lu di. Thy s gy cn c th kt-liu bng mt cuc chin-tranh tn-khc, m x Kusinara l mt nc nhc-tiu, khng th chng-tr vi by o hngbinh ng b-tr chung quanh, ng Dona, v quc-s ca Vua Mallas xin ng ra ha-gii:" Ngoi dng Sakya ti x Kapilavastu, chng ta khng phi quyn-thuc thn-nhn ca c Th-Tn; s d cc V Quc-Vng mun c X-Li ca ng Trn-Lnh lp n th, l v x no cng nhn-nhn c Gotama l v Gio-Ch ca o T-bi cu kh. Bi lng sng-m nn x no cng mun c Ngc X-Li tiu-biu c T-bi V-lng, mong nh nh-hng ca ng T-Tn hu pht-tm tu-hnh, trc t-, sau xy-dng hnh-phc an-vui cho i v duy-tr Chnh-gio cho c bn vng lu di. Xa kia c th-Tn thng dy chng ta dt b oan tri, on-th, on tuyt Tham, Sn, Si, chng nn git hi ln nhau, phi thng yu, ho thun, on-kt, hu du-dt nhau trn ng gic-ng. Nu chng ta tht tm yu chung gio-l ca Pht- v c lng tn th Ngi l ng Gio-Ch, th chng ta nn hoan-h em X-Li ra chia tm phn ng nhau cho mi x em v lp n th, cho dn chng chim-ngng cng-dng, pht-tm trong sch thc-hnh ng theo kinh lut di-truyn. Nh th? y chng ta mi tht l ngi xng-ng lm -t ca c C-m". Nghe c li ha-gii ng l, Vua Mallas v by V S-thn u t lng hathun, giao cho Quc-S Donalnh trch-nhim phn chia X-Li ra tm phn ng nhau. Mi V S-thn lnh mt phn, t trong mt binh vng, trn mt tht tng to ln, m ng i trc, binh m rn-r theo sau, ln ng v x vi tm lng hn-hoan sng knh. Quc-S Dona xin cy cn vng dng chia X-Li, lm vt k-nim cho ring phn ng. Cc x nh xa-xm phi i-din n tr, ch thnh c mt m tro tn em v th. Nu c-Pht nhp-dit trong mt x no hng-cng, nh x Magadha chng hn, th cc x nh kh b xin cho c Ngc X-Li v th. c-Pht tin-on, bit th no cng s c s tranh dnh, nn Ngi nht-nh nhp-dit ti Kusinara. Vua Mallas t bit khng binh-lc thng by x kia, kt-cuc cng phi nhng b ho-gii.

Cc phn X-Li c tm V Quc-Vng thnh v lp n th cng-cng, gia kinh- cho thp-phng b-tnh, hng ngy em nhang n, bng hoa, nc thm n cng-dng. Tm thp u-tin u xy bng gch, hnh bn-cu nh vm-tri, trn nhng i cao. Ni cht nh c mt cy-tn che, chung-quanh c hng-ro v mt hoc bn ca-v. Hai th-k sau, Vua Asoka (A-Dc) rt sng-m Pht-Php, gp tt c X-Li, chia ra 84.000 phn, xy thp th cng khp lnh-th n-, tiu-biu clnh ca Bc V-nhn, cho dn-chng chim-bi v t-tnh tu-hnh. Cc c-thp y, lu i b h-; hin nay Chnh-ph n-D ng lo sng-tu, kin-thit; nht l bn ni ng-tm: Ti: - Lumbini (Lm-T-Ni): Ch c-Pht ging sanh - Buddha-Gaya (B- o-Trng): Ch c-Pht thnh o - Isipatana (Lc-gi): Ch c-Pht thuyt-php ln u-tin, Nm thy Kiu-trn-Nh - Kusinara (Cu-Thi): Ni c-Pht nhp Nit-Bn. 162- Hnh-trng ca c-Pht c th tm-lc nh th no? c-Pht l mt ngi nh mi ngi khc. Ngi qua i v c sanh phi c t. Ngi nhp-dit gia tri, cng nh lc n-sanh, lc thnh-o v cng nh Ngi thng sng t bui xut-gia tm o n gi vin-tch. Ngi cht v bnh, trong tui gi v ch nh -t ca Ngi, nht l i-cAnanda chm-nom sn-sc. c-Pht cht v khng tr li, nh ngn n cn du ht tim. Tn- cm-phc n-c ch-thin ca Ngi, knh-m lng T-bi V-lng ca Ngi, nhng khng cn mong mi c trc-tip t-. Mc du nh th, tri qua trn 2.500 nm, tn- chng bao gi qun c-Pht. i cn au-kh, lng sng-knh ca h vn cn. Nhn-loi lun lun nh n V Y-Vng tm thuc cu-ri tm-hn. nh sng ca Ngi vn cn chiu ri vnh-vin; mn- ca Ngi truyn ni i i.

c-Pht va l mt nh o-c, va l mt nh t-do t-tng. Ngi khng d-d ai theo Ngi v cng khng bt-buc ai phi c mt c tin m-qung. Mc du gio-l ca Ngi khng nhn nhn c linh-hn trng cu, khng nhn nhn c to-ho, nhng cng c 500 triu tn- trn khp mt a-cu, v s y cng ngy cng tng thm mi mi. iu y khng chi l, v ai ai cng cngnhn i l V-Thng Kh-no; v nh c-Pht ch dy con ng dit-kh, thot khi lun-hi, n ni yn-vui tuyt-i l Nit-Bn. Ngi Pht-t khng xem s dit-tc lun-hi l mt cnh-trng bi-quan, li cn tin-tng rng l mt s may-mn hy-hu, mt thng trn vinh-quang. Mun tin-nhp Nit-Bn, c-Pht dy phi xut-gia, sng mt cuc i rnh-rang, khi bn-lo n gia-nh, ngh-nghip v x-hi. Bi ty-thuc ni k khc l mt iu kh; ty-thuc ni mnh l hnh-phc, t-do nh chim s lng, sng khng th-on gia k th-on, khng dc-vng gia k dc-vng, khng tham-lam gia k tham-lam, vui-th vi cnh c-c, t-ti ni thm-sn cngcc, vi cnh-vt thin-nhin m ngi th khng th nm c. Tri qua V-lng kip lun-hi, c-Pht lm nhiu cng-c li-tha, nn n kip cht Ngi vt khi s xu-xa ch-k ca loi ngi. Khi thnh oqu V-Thng Chnh-Gic, Ngi tip-tc lm trn s-mng ph-t qun-sanh. c-Pht khng phi l mt nh v-thn-lun, bi Ngi tin c cc V-Tri, nhng Ngi khng cho rng cc V-Tri c mt quyn-lc no trong ngun my ca vtr, hoc trong s mng ca loi ngi. Nh th c-Pht cng khng phi l mt nh hu-thn-lun. c-Pht khng phi l ngi to ra cnh-gii cc-lc, bi tn-ch o-c ca Ngi khng em li s vui-sng m ch tm s dit-kh. c-Pht khng chi-ci ci Ta, nhng Ngi khng cho rng n l mt thc-th, bi n V-Thng bin i. c-Pht khng dy thuyt nh-mnh, tuy rng mi ngi sanh do nghip lc cu-to t trc, nhng ai ai cng c quyn nh at cho tng lai ca mnh. Ngi cng khng phi l mt nh cch-mng x-hi, bi Ngi ch p-dng s ng ng trong Gio-hi Tng-l ca Ngi thi. c-Pht c ngh-thut bin-lun mm mi, khn kho, lm cho k vn nn Ngi ngc-nhin kh ngh. Khi thy h bi ri, Ngi em h tr li vn v gii

thch cho h nghe bng li l du ngt. Lun lun c-Pht t ra ngi nhnhn, oan-trang, l-. Hon ton lnh tc, nhng khng cu n chp nht, ai mi thnh i th trai ni thin-th, Ngi cng vui-v nhn li. c-Pht nng mang nhim v i vi i; mi ngy sn-sng thuyt-php ging-o cho mi ngi nghe; gi rc khch khng k ngy m, khng k mt nhc. Ngoi ra Ngi cn i vo lng mc thn qu tm ngi t-. i vi cc thy T-Khu, c-Pht dy phi l nghi oan chnh, phi ha-thun cng nhau, nu gng tt cho tn . Ngi khng cho cc thy sng cuc i bung lung; lun lun Ngi khuyn cc thy phi hc, phi hnh, phi em o l ging gii cho tn . Sng nh vt thc thuc men ca b tnh, cc thy phi n-lc tu hnh v em li-ch cho i. Cng trnh gio dc ca c-Pht khng ngng ngh. C k trch Ngi ch khng i xin n, trong lc mi ngi phi cy cy mi c go; Ngi vui v tr li rng chnh Ngi trng ta tng gi, tng pht; ti ngy Ngi ch rnh rang c i cht ngh ngi tham thin. Tht vy, c-Pht l ngi hng-hi hotng duy nht th gian. c-Pht c ngi ta thng nhiu hn l s. Ngi dy chng ta dit b tham lam ch-k, l ngun ci ca ti c v khuyn em lng t-thin, thngyu tr gip ln nhau, cha tr nhng ni thng kh trong i. Tm li, c-Pht l Bc Ch-Tn Ch-Thnh, ng Trn-Lnh duy-nht thgian, ng cho Ch-Thin v Nhn-loi l-bi cng-dng. -HT-ooOoo-

Tc truyn rng cc v hi Bhikkhu, trong tin-kip c dng y-bt cho Ch-Pht v Tng-chng, nn qua i sau gp Pht cho xut-gia khi lo sm chi c. Nn hin gi ngi ta ua nhau dng y-bt n Ch-Tng mong c lm Thin-Lai T-Khu trong bui v lai. Nn thm rng phi dng dao-co mi cho. 2 . Khi Vua Suddhodana sp thng-h c-Pht tr v Vua cha c qu A-La-Hn. Chnh c-Pht tm ra, tn-lim v lo vic ha-tng cho Vua cha. 3 . Kit-h l an-c trong 3 thng ma, t rm thng 6 n 16 thng 9. Trong 45 nm, c-Pht kit-h ti K-Vin 25 ma.
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Tc rng mi khi c vic chng lnh xy ra n cho cc bc phm-hnh trong dcgii, Tri -Thch c cm-gic bo-ta ca Ngi ra hi nng v nh Thin-nhn, Ngi bit c-Pht ng b hm-oan, lin sai bn v h-gi lp tc xung tn K-Vin, bing lm 4 con chut bch, chung vo cn t dy nch ca nng Cinca. 5 . Mi ba th-k sau, thy Huyn-trang n Savatthi cn thy ci h chn nng Cinca.
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